资源简介

Unit 1 重难点总结
1. take one's temperature 量体温
2.get an X-ray 照X光
3. Thanks to...多亏，由于
1) thanks to =because of 由于…
Thanks to (= Because of ) the bad weather, the sports meeting is put off. 由于天气不好，运动会被推迟了。
Thanks to = With the help of 多亏
Thanks to (= With the help of ) him, old man was saved多亏了他，老人最后得救了。
区别：
3)Thanks for...（独立成句，末尾标点为句号）
Thanks for your help.
thanks to 多亏 由于，（通常放句首，末尾标点为逗号）
Thanks to Mr. Wang, I passed the exam.
4.sick adj
生病的，feel sick 感觉不舒服
5. in time 及时 on time准时
6. 做某事有困难
have problems (in) doing sth.
= have trouble (in) doing sth
= have difficulty (in) doing sth
7. 立即，马上 right away=at once=right now
8. 对…感兴趣
be interested in
=take/show/have an interest in.
他对爬山很感兴趣。
He was interested in mountain climbing.
He took/ showed / had an interest in mountain climbing.
9. take a risk/take risks 冒险
10. 区别：run out of 和run out
1)Sb. run out of sth= Sb use up sth
某人用光某物
我把我的钱用光了。
I ran out of my money
= I used up my money
2) Sth.run out 某物用光了
The water ran out . 水用光了
get on 上车get off下车
12. get into 进入get out of 从 里面出来
13.区别：
1)get on/get off ＋ 大型交通工具
上/下大型交通工具
get on/ off the bus
2) get into / get out of+小型交通工具
上/下小型交通工具
get into/ get out of the car
14. get into trouble 陷入困境
be in trouble 处于困境
15. the importance of doing sth 做某事的重要性
16. 注意以下搭配：
see sb.doing sth.看见某人正在做某事
hear sb doing sth 听见某人正在做某事
find sb doing sth 发现某人正在做某事
17.区别
1)be used to doing sth. 习惯做某事
2)used to do sth.过去常常做某事
我过去常常乘车上学，但是现在我习惯了走路上学。
I used to take a bus to school . but now I am used to walking to school.
18. be in control of 掌握；管理
19. decide: v 决定 decision ：n决定
make a decision to do sth
=decide to do sth. 决定做某事
20. give up doing sth.放弃做某事
21. keep on doing sth 坚持做某事
keep doing sth 一直做某事
22. 某人怎么了？
What's the matter with sb.
=What's the trouble with sb.
= What's wrong with sb.
= What happened to sb
23. do sth without thinking twice 不假思索做某事
24. think about doing sth 考虑做某事
25. 1) hurt：伤害 vt.
I hurt my knee． 我弄伤了我的膝盖。
2)hurt :疼痛
My head hurt yesterday． 我昨天头疼
26. fall (fell) down . 摔倒
27. put some medicine on the cut 在伤口上药
28. lie on the side of the road 躺在路边
29. drink hot tea with honey 喝带有蜂蜜的热茶
30.区别：
1)lie：v平躺lay(过去时）
2)lie: v 撒谎 lied(过去时）
31. lie down 平躺
32. to one’s surprise 让人吃惊的是
have a surprise party 举行一次惊喜派对
33. between a rock and a hard place 生死两难
34. take breaks away from the computer远离电脑休息
35. get hit on the +身体部位 撞到了Unit2 重难点总结
1.clean up 打扫
2. hand sth out=give sth out 分发
3. give sth away 赠送.
4. cheer sb up=make sb happy 使 高兴/振作
5.set up建立
6.call sb up 给……打电话,征召
7.put off (+doing sth）推迟（做某事）
put up①张贴②举起③搭建
put on 穿上
put away 放好
8. help out with sth 帮助分担/解决.
help sb out 帮助某人脱离困境
take after (有血缘关系的人在外貌或行为）相似
= be similar to
10. fix up=repair=mend 修理
11. make a (big) difference to sb/sth.
对...产生巨大的影响
这本书对我产生了巨大的影响。
This book makes a big difference to me.
make it（形式宾语）possible for sb to do sth
使做某事对某人来说成为可能
You helped to make it possible for me to have Lucky.．
有了你的帮助我才可能拥有Lucky
13. make sb do sth 使某人做某事
14. answer the phone 接电话
15. be strong in=be good at=do well in 擅长.
16. volunteer to do sth. 志愿做某事
17. 常见的双宾语短语
1）send sb sth=send sth to sb.
把某物寄给某人
2）pass sb sth = pass sth to sb
把某物传递给某人
3）give sb sth = give sth to sb
给某人某物
4）show sb sth = show sth to sb
给某人展示某物
5） 注意： buy sb sth=buy sth for sb
给某人买某物
18. the+adj 表一类人
the blind 盲人 the deaf 听障人士
the old 老年人 the young 年轻人
19. 1)lonely adj 孤独的：冷清的
feel/be lonely 感到孤独
2)alone=by oneself 独自
live/be alone 独自居住
20. 1)care for=look after= take care of 关心，照顾
2) care about 在意
21. come up with=think up 想出
22. a friend of mine/hers/his （名物代）
我/她/他的一位朋友
23. at the age of=when...当...岁时
她四岁的时候就会弹钢琴了
She could play the piano at the age of four.
She could play the piano when she was four
24. be excited about sth 对…感到兴奋
be excited to do sth 兴奋地做某事
25. change one's life 改变某人的生活
26. a boy called /named Tom 一个名叫Tom的男孩
27. try out for ... 参加...的选拔
28. I get such a strong feeling of satisfaction when I
see the animals get better and the look of joy on their owners’ faces.
当我看见动物们身体好转以及他们主人脸上愉快的表情时，我获得了如此强烈的满足感。
29. The kids are sitting in the library , but you can see
in their eyes that they're going on a different journey with each new book.
孩子们坐在图书馆，但你可以从他们的眼睛里看出他们每读一本书就进行一次不同的旅行.
中考重难点
不定式的用法
1. 不定式做宾语（常用于一些固定搭配）
would like to do sth want to do
plan to do sth decide to do
2. 不定式做后置定语
Can you tell me the best way to learn English 你能
告诉我学英语最好的方法吗
Would you like something to eat 你想吃点什么？
I have nothing to do. 我无事可做
3.不定式做目的状语
The doctor did what he could (do) to save the boy's
life . 医生做了他能做的一切来救这个男孩的性命。
4.不定式用于一些固定句型
It takes sb some time to do sth.
花某人多少时间做某事
It's adj for sb to do sth. 对某人来说做某事
I don't know what to do .（疑问词+to +do）
such(如此）和so（如此）的用法
1.such a/an + adj+n(可单）=so+adj +a/an +n（可单）
He is such a good boy that everyone likes him.
= He is so good a boy that everyone likes him.
2. such+adj +n（可复）
3. such + adj +n（不可数）
4. so many(如此多的）+可复
so much (如此多的）+不可数Unit3 重难点总结
1遛狗 take a dog for a walk
2倒垃圾 take out the rubbish
3 叠衣服 fold the clothes
4出去吃晚饭 go out for dinner
5 扫地 sweep the floor
6 搭便车 get a ride
7①borrow（借进）sth from sb
②lend（借出）sth to sb =lend sb sth
我昨天从Lily 那里借了一本书。
I borrowed a book from Lily yesterday
= Lily lent a book to me yesterday
③注意：keep 强调借多久，常常搭配 how long
以及表时间长短的词。
我能借这本书多久？
How long can I keep the book
You can keep it for a week.
8解决问题 solve the problem
=work out the problem
9 ①neither(两者中任何一个)都不（单数）
both（两者）都 （复数）
我们两人都不来自中国
Neither of us comes from China .
我们都来自中国。
Both of us come from China
② neither ...nor .....和.．都不(就近原则)
Both...and ......和....都（没有就近原则）
我的姐姐和我都不对。
Neither my sister nor I am right.
我的姐姐和我都对。
Both my sister and I are right.
③ neither 也不
Neither+ be/情态动词/助动词 ＋Sb 某人也不
A 我的姐姐不在家。我也不在。
My sister isn't at home .Neither am I
B他不会说英语。我也不会.
He can't speak English. Neither can I.
我的妈妈没做家务。我也没做。
Mom didn't do any housework, Neither did I.
拓展：So十be！情态动词，助动词 + Sb 某人也…
A 我的姐姐在家。我也在。
My sister is at home, so am I.
B 他会说英语。我也会。
He can speak English. So can I.
C 我的妈妈做了家务。我也做了。
Mom did housework,So did I.
10 as soon as = the minute 一...就...
①我一回家就给你打电话．
主将从现：I will call you as soon as I arrive .
② 我一坐下，妈妈就过来了。
主过从过：As soon as I sat down, my mom came over.
11 ① surprise：惊讶(n)
in surprise 吃惊地
to one's surprise令人惊讶的是
have a surprise party举行惊喜派对
② surprise令…感到吃惊(v)
昨天他说的话让我感到吃惊。
What he said surprised me yesterday
12 浪费时间 a waste of time
13 为了做某車 in order to do sth
=in order that + 句子
=so that ＋ 句子
为了取得好的成绩并进入好的大学，孩子应该把时间花费在学业上
Children should spend their time on schoolwork in
order to get good grades and get into a good
university.
= Children should spend their time on schoolwork in
order that they get good grades and get into a
good university.
= Children should spend their time on schoolwork so
that they get good grades and get into a good
university.
14. 对某人来说没有必要做.
There's no need for sb to do sth
=It's not necessary for sb to do sth
15 给某人提供某物
provide sb with sth=provide sth for sb
offer sb sth = offer sth to sb
16 依靠；依赖 depend on
17 因此 as a result （句首，逗号）
18 越…就越…… thet比较级，thet比较级
The earlier kids learn to be independent,
The better it is for their future .
孩子们越早学会独立，对他们的未来越好。
19 一直；反复 all the time = always
20 develop their independence 培养他们的独立性
21 区别：
kind (adj:善良的）-kindness (n ：善意）
fair (adj：公平的)-fairness (n：公平）
independent (adj：独立的）
independence (n. 独立性)
22 do one's part in … 在…尽自己的职责；参与
23. It's not enough to just do sth.
只做某事是不够的。
24 on one hand 在一方面
on the other hand 在另一方面
25 in one's opinion 就…的观点来看
单元写作指导
1就对某一问题的看法时可以采用
0-R-E-O（奥利奥)的写作模式
0-opinion （阐达观点)
R-reason （给出原因）
E-example（举例证明〉
0-opinion （重申观点）
Should teenagers help to do chores at home
Some people think teenagers should spend
their time on school work in order to get good
grades and get into a good university.
So they think there is no need for
teenagers to do chores at home . But I disagree
with them. In my opinion, teenagers
should help to do chores at home (Opinion)
These days children depend on their parents
too much. Doing chores is a good way to
develop their independence and teach children
how to care for themselves (Reason). My
cousin learned to do chores and take care of
herself when she was a little girl. When she
grows up, she becomes very independent and
successful. (Example )
So we should make teenagers do chores at
home. In fact, the earlier kids learn to be
independent, the better is for their future（opinion）Unit4重难点总结
1与某人谈论某事 talk about sth with sb
2 与某人交流 communicate with sb
3①允许某人做某事 allow sb to do sth
②某人被允许做某事 Sb be allowed to do sth
③ 允许做某事 allow doing sth
4 和某人打架/ 和某人发生争执
get into a fight with sb
= have a fight with sb = fight with sb
5 表建议的常用句型：
①为什么不做某事？
Why not do sth= Why don't you do sth
②做某事怎么样？
What about doing sth
= How about doing sth
③ 你最好做某事
You'd better do sth
= You had better do sth
④ You could do sth： 你可以做某事。
⑤You should do sth 你应该做某事
6 快速查看；浏览 look through
7拒绝做某事 refuse to do sth
8 offer 的用法
①主动提出做某事 offer to do sth
②给某人提供某物 offer sb sth = offer sth to sb
provide sb with sth = provide sth for sb
9和某人相处(好）
get on (well) with sb
=get along (well ) with sb
你应该和你的父母好好相处。
You should get on well with your parents.
You should get along well with your parents.
10 和某人为某事争吵 argue with sb about sth
11 抄别人的作业 copy others’ homework
抄别人的作业是不对的。
Copying others' homework is wrong.
12担心 be worried about =worry about
因为污染的缘故，很多人担心自己的健康。
Many people are worried about their health because of pollution.
- Many people worry about their health because of pollution.
13 把某人/物遗留在某地
leave sb/sth ＋表地点的介词短语
我今天早上把我的家庭作业留在家里了。
I left my homework at home this morning
14 It's not a big deal . 那不是大事
15 删除；删去 cut out=delete
16 上课外补习班 take after-school classes
17 把A和B 做比较 compare A with B
18 依某人的标准来看，in order to句首，逗号隔开）
19 当他们吵架的时候，我家上空好像被一大团乌云笼罩。
When they argue, it is like a big black cloud hanging over our home.
22 给某人写信 write sb a letter
= write a letter to sb = write to sb
中考重点短语：
1不再 :not .. anymore = not ... any more
=no more （句中）
你最好的朋友不再信任你。
Your best friend does not trust you anymore.
= Your best friend does not trust Kill any more
=Your best friend no more trusts you
2 return 归还，返回（不能与back）连用
return to sp.=come back to sp.回到某地
return sth to sb = give sth back to sb还给某人
请按时将书归还给图书馆
Please return the book to the library on time .
= Please give the book back to the library on time
3 not ... until=not...before=after
直到…．才（主将从现，主过从过）
昨晚他直到完成家庭作业才上床睡觉。
He didn't go to bed until he finished his
homework.
= He went to bed after he finished his homework
4 ① instead adv 反而，却，相反
（通常在句首/句末）
② instead of 代替,而不是
昨晚，他没有出去。相反，他待在家里。
Last night , he didn't go out. Instead,
he stayed at home.
= Last night, he stayed at home instead of
going out.Unit5 重难点总结
at the time of the rainstorm
=when the rainstorm came 当暴风雨来临时
2.go off(闹钟)发出响声
3. 昨晚下了一场大雨。
There was a heavy (adj.) rain last night.
It rained heavily(adv.) last night.
pick up 捡起来；接电话；顺便接某人
英语中四个也
either 也（否定向末）
too 也（肯定向句末，逗号隔开）
as well(肯定句句末，无逗号隔开）
also 也（肯定句向中）
fall (fell ) asleep 入睡 feel sleepy 感觉困倦
7. die down 逐渐变弱
8. at first 首先，起初 at last 最后，终于
9. have a look at sth/sb 看一看某人/某物
10. make one's way to +sp 费力地前进某地
11. the rest of 剩余的..
the rest of the +n 做主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于名词的单复数。
①The rest of the students are doing homework in the classroom.
② The rest of the time is for his family.
12. in silence 沉默，无声
do sth in silence 沉默地做某事
13. take down 拆除：往下拽；记录
14. tell the truth 讲事实
tell lies 撒谎 tell stories 讲故事
tell jokes 讲笑话
15.①have trouble/problems/difficulty doing做某事有困难
②have trouble/problems/difficulty with sth
在某方面有困难
16. with+ n+ adj/ adv/ prep/doing/to do 表伴随或原因
I slept with the light on . 我开着灯睡觉
I slept with the window open. 我开着窗户睡觉。
17 beat-beat (过去式）-beaten(过去分词)
①〔连续不断地）敲打 beat the drum 敲鼓
②打败 beat sb / the team 打败某人队伍
③心跳 My heart beat fast.
18 against 的不同含义
①倚，靠
He stood against the door . 他靠着门站。
②碰，撞
The rain began to beat heavily against the windows
雨水开始猛烈地敲打着窗户.
③反对，违背
I am against job training. 我反对职业培训。
④ 与…比赛
Our class won the basketball game against Class Two.
19 You're kidding！ 你在开玩笑吧！
20 in history 在历史上
21 a big day 一个重要的日子
22 in times of difficulties 在困难时期
23 realize ①认识到，意识到 ② 实现
实现某人的梦想
realize one's dream = achieve/reach one's dream
= make one's dream come true
24 Although the storm broke many things apart, it
brought families and neighbors closer together. 虽然
暴风雨让很多事物分离，但它却让家人和朋友更加
亲密。
中考重难点
1 when：“当…的时候”，通常遵循“主将从现，主
过从过”的时态原则。
①When winter comes, the weather will get colder and colder. （主将从现）
② When he was four, he left China for America
（主过（一般过去时）从过）
③When the rainstorm suddenly came last night,
he was waiting for a bus.
(主过（过去进行时）从过)
2 while：“当…的时候”，while引导的时间状语从
句的谓语动词常为延续性动词，常与现在进行时或
过去进行时连用。
①While/When he was watching TV, his father
suddenly came back .
② I was doing my homework while my mother was cooking.
（主句从句同为进行时态时，只用while 连接）
3 常考同义句转换：
当开始下雨时，Ben 正在帮妈妈做饭
When it began to rain, Ben was helping his mom
make dinner.
= While Ben was helping his mom make dinner,
it began to rain.
4 while 的特殊用法：然而 （强调对比）
Jim 擅长数学而 Mary 擅长英语
Jim is good at math while Mary is good at EnglishUnit7 重难点总结
1①两米高 two meters high = two meters in height
两米宽 two meters wide = two meters in width
两米长 two meters long = two meters in length
两米深 two meters deep = two meters in depth
② Jim 身高1.85
Tim is 1.85 meters high.
= Jim is 1.85 meters in height.
=Jim is a 1.85-meter-high boy.
③中国约9,600,000 平方公里大。
China is about 9,600,000 square kilometers in size.
2 population: 人口
①某个地方有…人口？
What's the population of ...
② 某个地方有多少人口
has a population of+ 具体数字
③ 指人口多少要用 large,big,small，不能用many, much, few , little
最多的人口：the largest population
最少的人口：the smallest population
④当 population 指一个地区或国家的人口数以及泛指人口时谓语动词用单数
世界人口的数量增长越来越快。
The world’s population is growing faster and faster.
当population和分数或百分数连用时谓语动词通常用复数。
About fifty percent of the population of China are farmers.
随便做某事 feel free to do sth.
4. as 的用法
① prep ：作为
他从事医生工作 He works as a doctor.
② conj:随着
随着时间的推移，她的身体变得越来越好：
As time went by , she got better and better.
③conj：正如,像..一样
你应该像我说的那样做。
You should do as I tell you
④conj：当…的时候
当你接近山顶的时候，你也很难吸入空气。
It's also very hard to take in air as you get near the Top.
5.正如你所看到的那样 as you can see
6. 据我所知 as far as I know
7 薄薄的云层thin clouds 厚厚的云层 thick clouds
8.做某事对某人来说怎么样
It is adj for sb to do sth
特殊情况 It's adj of sb to do sth描述人的品质时用of
It's nice / kind / silly of you to help her .
9. 吸入空气 take in air
10. 成功：succeed（动词）
成功 ：success （名词)
成功的：successful （形容词)）
成功地：successfully（副词）
成功做某事：succeed in doing sth
= be successful in doing sth
10. 面对困难/挑战
in the face of difficulties/ challenges
11. 即使，虽然 even though/ even if
12.出生时 at birth
13. 活到两百岁 live up to 200 years
14.为…准备… prepare.. for ....
15.每两年 every two years
16. 兴奋地做某事 do sth with excitement
17. 绊倒 fall over fall down 摔倒
18. die from 死于（外因）
他死于一场车祸
He died from a car accident
② die of 死于（各种病症）
他死于高烧。He died of a high fever. (cancer 癌症
③死于疾病 die of / from illnesses
大约两小时. two hours or so=about two hours
濒危的动物 endangered (adj) animals
21 the＋序数词+person to do 第几个做某事的人
22 在未来in the future
23 中国的象征 a symbol of China
24 ...的原因 the reason for.
25给某人寄送某物 send sb sth = send sth to sb
派/送某人去某地 send sb to sp
26 这头大象比这只熊猫重许多倍
The elephant weighs many times/much more than this panda.
27实现某人的梦想achieve one's dream
= realize one's dream = make one's dream come true
我会实现我的梦想
My dream will come true
= I will achieve my dream
= I will realize my dream
= I will make my dream come true.
28 ①include ：vt 计入，包括，包含(用作谓语）
include doing sth 包括做某事
你的工作包括了照顾婴儿
Your job includes taking care of the baby.
② including :prep 包括(不能做谓语，前面通
常用逗号隔开）
我掉了书包里的所有东西，包括我的英语课本
I lost everything in my schoolbag, including my
English textbook.
中考重难点总结
How long: ①多长时间（对 for/since 引导的表时 间长短的短语提问)；②多长 （对事物的长度提问）
How high/ How tall：多高（对高度提问）
How far ：多远 （对距离提问）
How deep :多深（对深度提问
How many ：多少（对可数名词的数量提问）
How much ： ①多少(对不可数名词的数量提问）
②多少钱 （对价格提问）
How many times ：多少次 （对次数提问）
How often ：多久一次 （对频率提问)
How soon ：多久之后 （in+一段时间提问）
比较级专题讲解
一、比较级五种句型：
1有标志性单词than 存在,形容词用比较级
I am taller than Tom
2类似：〝特殊疑问词,, AorB ”这样的句型，形容词用比较级。
Who is taller, Tom or Sam ？ 谁更高，汤姆还是山姆
Which is more beautiful . the blue one or the red one
谁更漂亮，蓝色那个还是红色那个？
3表示越来越这层含义时
单音节形容词用“比较级and 比较级
多音节形容词用“more and more＋原级。
The weather is getting colder and colder.
天气变得越来越冷。
Our city is becoming more and more beautiful
我们的城市交得越来越漂亮，
4 表示“越..就越..”时，用“the＋比较级,the＋比较级”
The more, the better.越多越好．
The harder you study , the better grades you will get ．
你越努力，成绩越好，
5 含有 of the two, of the twins, of my parents 时，用“the十比较级”，“两者中比较…的一个”
Eric is the taller of the two boys
艾瑞克是两个男孩中比较高的那个，
Tom is the thinner of the twins.
Tom 是双胞胎中比较瘦的那个，
二 原级比较
as＋原级+as+ sb/sth 和...一样
Lucy is as tall as Lily. Lucy和 Lily一样高
2.not +as+原级+as+sb/sth 不如...
Lucy 不如Lily高
Lucy is not as tall as Lily.
Lucy is shorter than Lily.
Lily is taller than Lucy.
三 修饰比较级的词
修饰比较级的词： far,much,even(甚至）,a little,
修饰原级的词：quite,very,really
He runs very fast . 他跑得很快。
He is even worse than yesterday. 他的状况甚至比昨天更糟了。
He is much smarter than his brother. 他比他的哥哥聪明得多。
最高级专题讲解
— 最高级五种句型
1“特殊疑问词… A,BorC？”中,必须采用 the最高级。
Which is the tallest , Lacy, lily or Mary
2句中出现“of the three, of the five,in our class
等表示比较范围的介词词组时，用the 最高级。
Tom is the youngest of the three
Tom 是三个人中最年轻的那个。
3注意以下短语
“one of +adj最高级+可数名词复数最..中之一，
Chongqing is one of the most beautiful cities in China.
重庆是中国最漂亮的城市之一。
4 表示“第几….”用“the+ 序数词+最高级。
The Yellow River is the second longest river in China．
黄河是中国的第二条长河。
5 从上下文句意推敲出最高级。
It is the most interesting book I’ve ever read.
它是我读过的最有趣的书。
二注意：
Tom is the youngest of the three . 形容词最高级前的the 必须保留
She runs (the) fastest in our class . 副词最高 级前的the 通常被省略。
三 常考同义句转换：
1 English is not as difficult as math
=Math is more difficult than English
=English is easier than math.
2 Tom is the tallest boy in his class
=Tom is taller than any other boy in his class
=Tom is taller than the other boys in his class
any other +可数名词单数
the other + 可数名词复数Unit8 重难点总结
1①赶快；匆忙 hurry up
②匆忙赶往某地 hurry to ＋ 地点
③匆忙地做某事 hurry to do sth = do sth in a hurry
2在两周之后 in two weeks （用 how soon 提问）
3.充满...的 be full of = be filled with
①常考同义句：
瓶子里装满了水
The bottle is full of（谓语） water.
= The bottle is filled with water.
② 常考短语
一座满是金银的小岛
an island full of treasures（后置定语））
= an island filled with treasures
4 完成做某事 finish doing sth.
5 else 其他的，另外的
①不定代词+else something else
②疑问词+else what else
6长大grow up
7把它/他们放下 put (it/them) down
8 在那之后不久 not long after that
9给某人取名为 name/call sb. sth.
I named/called him Friday . 我给他取名为星期五
常考短语：
a boy named/ called Tom 一个被称作 Tom的男孩。
10到达 arrive at ＋小地方
arrive in＋大地方
reach ＋地方 get to +地方
11 遗忘，留下 leave sth behind
12. 迫不及待做某事 can't wait to do sth.
情不自禁做某事 can't help doing sth
无法停止做某事 can't stop doing sth
13 把…介绍给某人 introduce sb./sth. to sb.
14 预计，到期 be due +时间/地点
读书报告预计两周后截止。
The book report is due in two weeks.
15 在国外学习 study abroad (adv)
16 听见某人（经常）做某事 hear sb. do
听见某人正在做某事 hear sb. doing sth.
看某人（经常）做某事 see sb.do
看某人正在做某事 see sb. doing sth
发现某人正在做某事 find sb doing sth
17开始意识到某事 come to realize sth
她开始意识到事实上她有多么想念他们。
She came to realize how much she actually missed them.
18自从那时起 ever since then（现在完成时标志词）
19属于 belong to sb (me/him/Tom..)
20相互each other/one another
learn from each other 互相学习
trust one another 相互信任
21 对...做研究 do some research on sth.
22把...带回到...bring..back to
23 疑问词+to+do 可用于改写宾语从句
我不知道我应该做什么。
I don't know what I should do.
= I don't know what to do.
24 million 百万（数词，没有复数形式）
三百万 three million
数以百万计 milions of （固定搭配，不能和数词连用）
25 the importance of ... 的重要性
今天的许多歌仅仅都是关于成功和金钱的重要性的。
Many songs these days are just about the importance of success and money.
26 remind sb of sth 使某人想起某事
这首歌使我想起了我的家乡
This song reminds me of my hometown.
27 remind sb that + 句子 提醒某人
它提醒我们生命中最好的东西是免费的- 笑声，朋友，家人，自然和乡村之美。
It reminds us that the best things in life are free - laughter, friends, family and the beauty of nature and the countryside.
28 乡村音乐把我们带回到美好的1日时光，那 时人们善待彼此并互相信任。
Country music brings us back to the "good old days" when people were kind to each other and trusted one another.
现在完成时态专题（一）
1含义：
①表示从过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在的的动作或状态。
have learned English for two years (我两年前开始学英语，现在仍然在学)）
②表示过去发生或己经完成的动作对现在造成的结果和影响。
I have seen the movie.（我己经了解了这部电影的内容)
2结构： sb +have / has+done sth.
（done：动词的过去分词形式）
3 标志词：
① for＋一段时间 for a year
②since six o'clock . ( since + 时间点）
since two days ago since 2001 (since +过去时间）
I have lived here since I came to China. (since +含有过去时态的句子）
③ before （以前） just (刚才) so far （到目前为止）
ever（曾经） never （从不） recently（近段时间）
in the past / last few years (在过去几年中）
Already （己经，肯定向句中） yet （还没有，否定向和疑问句句末）
注意：
① for +一段时间 =since＋一段时间+ago
I have live in China for two years = I have lived in China since two years ago
② 对since和for引导的时问词提问，都用 how long
How long have you lived in China
4 句型转换
① I have already finished my homework.
I haven't finished my homework yet
Have you finished your homework yet
Yes, I have. No, I haven't.
②She has lived here since two years ago.
She hasn't lived here since two years ago.
Has she lived here since two years ago
Yes, she has. No, she hasn't.
How long has she lived here
5 现在完成时和一般过去时的区别
① 表示时间的标志性单词不一样
一般过去时的标志性单词：yesterday, the day before yesterday , last year, two days ago,in the past, in 1990,when （时态原则：主过从过）
②现在完成时态强调动作的持续或过去的动作对现在造成的结果和影响，一般过去时只表示过去的动作和状态，和现在不发生联系。
I have seen the film. 我看过这部电影（我已经了解了这部电影的内容）
I saw the film last week． 我上周看了这部电影（只说明上周看了这部电影)
He has lived here since 1992. 1992 年以来他一直住在这里（他现在还住在这里)
He lived here in 1992. 1992 年他住在这里（不选及他现在是否住在这里）现在完成时态专题（二）
1所有的动词都可以用于现在完成时。
2 结构：只有延续性动词才能和 for, since,how long 连用。
I have bought a book . (V)
I have bought a book for a week. (x)
I have had this book for a week. (V)
3非延续性动词及其对应的延续性形式
1 begin/ start → do/be on开始 2 come back → be back回来
3 come/ arrive here→ be here到这里来 4 close → be closed关闭
5 open→be open 打开 6 die → be dead 死亡
7. get up → be up 起床 8. go out → be out 出去
9. go there → be there去哪里 10. go to bed → be in bed 去睡觉
11. fall ill → be ill 生病 12. fall asleep/ go to sleep →be asleep 睡觉
13 get to know → know 知道 14 leave → be away from离开
15 join → be in/ be a member of 加入 16 finish/ end → be over 完成
17 marry →be married 结婚 18 borrow → keep 借
19 buy → have 买 20 become → be 成为
21 catch a cold → have a cold 感冒 22 put on → wear 穿
4自从某事发生已有一段时间了.
1、一般过去时表示。
2、将短暂动词改为延续动词，表示状态持续。
3、 It is/has been +时间段+since+一般过去时从句
4、 时间段has passed +since+一般过去时从句
Lucy 十年前离开中国的。
Lucy left China ten years ago.
= Lucy has been away from China for 10 years.
= Lucy has been away from China since 10 years ago.
= Ten years has passed since Lucy left China.
= It's ten years since Lucy left China.
她的父亲五年前去世了。
Her father died five years ago.
= Her father has been dead for five years.
= Her father has been dead since five years ago.
=Five years has passed since her father died.
= It's five years since her father died.
Unit9 重难点总结
1. hear-heard-heard
① hear of= hear about 听说+ sb/sth
你听说了这个消息了吗？
Have you heard of/heard about the news
② hear 听说+ that+句子
我听说他会再两周后回来。
I hear that he will come back in two weeks
③ hear from sb = get a letter from sb
=receive a letter from sb收到某人的来信
on the one hand , on the other hand 一方面，另一方面
3 one quarter 四分之一 three quarters 四分之三
4 An English-speaking country一个说英语的国家
5.whether...or. 不管...还是...引导让步状语从句
无论你是喜欢印度菜，西餐还是日本菜，你都可以在新加坡找到它。
Whether you like Indian food, Western food or Japanese food, you will find it all in Singapore.
6.during/in the daytime 在白天
7.all year round 一年到头，终年
8.be far from 离…远 be close to 离...近
9.go somewhere different 去某个不同的地方
注意： ①不定副词不和介词连用
② 不定副词+adj）
10.wake up 醒来 wake sb up把...叫醒
11.put up 搭建， 举起，张贴
12.a couple of 几个;两个
13 take a ride 进行短途旅行
14.thousand 千（数词，没有复数）
three thousand 三千
thousands of 数以千计的 (固定搭配，不和数字连用）
15 不定式常见的固定搭配（不等式做定语）
a good place to do sth 一个做某事的好地方
the best time to do sth. 做某事的最佳时间
a great way to do sth. 一个做某事的好方法
16①progress n. （不可数)进步
make progress in 在某方面取得进步
自从她来到我们学校后，她在在英语方面取得很大的进步。
She has made great progress in her English since she came to our school.
② progress v. 进步
令人难以想象的是科技己经以如此快速的方式在进步。
It's unbelievable that technology has progressed in such a rapid way !
17it做形式主语常用句型
① It is adj for sb todo sth 对某人来说做某事...
② It is adj that + 句子 某件事
③It takes sb some time to do sth 做某事花某人一段时间
18 it 做形式宾语常用句型
find it adj for sb to do sth 发现对某人来说做某事...
think it adj for sb to do sth 认为做某事对某人来说...
encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事
20 通过收音机/电话/电脑/电视
on the radio /phone/computer/ TV
21 German（德国人)-Germans（复数）Germany 德国
对比： Englishman （英国人)-Englishmen （复数）
22 单复数同形的词： sheep（绵羊） deer(梅花鹿）
Chinese (中国人) Japanese（日本人)
23 lead to... 造成,通向… 把...带到
24 Me neither： 我也不/我也没有
25 ① the number of sth(...的数量)+V 单数
② a number of sth（大量的….）+V 复数
许多学生正在图书馆里读书，女生的数量比男生多
A number of students are reading in the library and
the number of girls is more than that of the boys.
26 whenever = no matter when 无论何时
whatever=no matter what 无论怎样
however= no matter how 无论如何
(疑问词ever=no matter+疑问词)
无论你做什么，你都应该把它做好。
Whatever you do,you should do it well.
=No matter what you do, you should do it well.
27 ①happen（事故和灾害的）发生
Tom 昨天发生了车祸。
A car accident happened to Tom yesterday.
② take place（人为设计的大事件的）发生
在过去几年中重庆发生了巨大的变化。
Great changes have taken place in Chongqing in the past few years.
中考重难点
1 have/has been to ＋地点
去过某地（有去有 回），常与 ever,never, before 以及次数连用）
① He has ever been there .
② I have been to Beijing three times
2 have /mas gone to+ 地点 去了某地(有去无回），
通常上下文会有提示人不在这里）
-Where's Tom
-He has gone to the park
3 have/ has been in + 地点 一直呆在 ，常与for, since 以及how long 连用。
How long has he been in China
He has been in China for 10 years.
He has been in China since 10 years ago.
2区别：
1 He's seen the movie. = He has seen the movie.
2 He's seeing the movie. = He is seeing the movie.Unit10 重难点总结
1举行庭院拍卖会 have a yard sale
2把某物赠送给某人 give sth away to sb
3观看，观察 check out
4收拾，整理 clear out
5不再 no longer (实前be后)=not...any longer
不再no more(通常在句末)=not ..any more
我不再阅读它们。
I don't read them any longer. =l no longer read them.
6说实在的，说实话
to be honest/ to tell the truth（句首，逗号）
7带回美好的回忆 bring back sweet memories
8搜寻某人/某物 search for sb/ sth
9在其中 （两者之间） between
在其中（三者或三者以上）among
10①回到某地 return to sp.=go back to Sp.
回家 return home 回到中国 return to China
②某物归还给某 人 return sth to sb
=give sth back to sb
11 把...当作. regard ...as
我把你当成我最好的朋友
I regard you as my best friend.
12 依据，按照 according to
13...的标志 a symbol of
14 考虑：consider / think about
考虑做某事
think about doing sth = consider doing sth
15一个诚实的男孩an honest boy
一个不诚实的男孩 a dishonest boy
16一会儿for a while = for some time
说实话，我已经有一段时间没有玩这个旧玩具了。
To be honest , I have not played with this old toy for a while.
17.他是他班上最高的男孩。
He is the tallest boy in his class.
=He is taller than any other boy in his class.
=He is taller than the other boys in his class
（注意：any other＋ 可单，the other +可复)
18. 重庆是中国最美的城市之一。
Chongqing is one of the most beautiful cities in China. (注意：one of the + adj. 最高级十可复）
19 依某人的观点来看 in one's opinion
20 现在完成时常考标志词
到目前为止 so far
在过去几年中 in the past/last few year
从那时起(ever) since then
22 在学校的对面 across from the school
=opposite the school
23 初中 junior high school
高中 senior high school
24 in need 有需要的， 有因难的
in trouble 处于困境中的
in danger 处于危险中的
我们应该尽全力帮助那些处于困境中的人。
We should try our best to help people in trouble.
25 至于某人 as for sb 对于我来说 as for me
26 1 as：prep 作为
① 他从事医生工作 He works as a doctor.
2 as:conj 随着.
①随着他们长大，我们的房子似乎变小了。
As they get Digger , our house seems to get smaller
②随着时间的推移，他逐渐好转。
As time goes by , he gets better and better.
27 do sth with great interest带着极大兴趣做某事
许多人像钟伟一样，带着极大的兴趣留意着家乡发生的变化。
Many people like Zhong Wei regard with great interest how their hometowns have changed.
28 leave memory in one's heart 在某人心中留下记忆
我们的家乡在我们心里留下许多温柔甜美的回忆。
Our hometown has left many soft and sweet memories in our hearts
29 如何处理...
How... deal with ... = What... do with ...
How do you deal with the problem
= What do you do with the problem
30 part with sth 舍弃某物
31 play with sth 玩
Don't play with your smart phone .不要玩手机，
32 常考的隐形否定词：never, neither , none,nothing, nobody , few , little, hardly , seldom
33 What a shame！多么遗憾啊！
中考重难点积累
1 used to do sth 过去常常做某事
我过去常常步行上学
I used to walk to school
I didn't use to walk to school . （否定句）
Did you use to walk to school （一般疑问句）
Yes, I did. No, I didn't （回答）
2 be used to doing sth 习惯做某事
I am used to getting up early．我习惯早起。
3 seem 似乎，好像
① seem + adj
② seem to do sth
③ It seems / seemed that +句子
他似乎很忙
He seems busy.
= It seems that he is busy.Unit 8
Have you read Treasure Island yet
现在完成时（I）
一、动词的过去分词
(1)规则变化
1) 一般情况加-ed
2) 以不发音的e结尾的，加-d
3) 以辅音字母加y结尾的，变y为i加-ed
4) 重读闭音节单词，双写末尾辅音字母，加-ed
如：
finish – finished – finished
live – lived – lived
carry – carried – carried
stop – stopped – stopped
(2)不规则变化
参见教材后动词不规则表
自我检测：
写出下列单词的过去式和过去分词
work _______ _______ arrive _______ _______
hurry _______ _______ plan _______ _______
is _______ _______ are _______ _______
go _______ _______ see _______ _______
find _______ _______ bring _______ _______
drink _______ _______ leave _______ _______
read _______ _______ cut _______ _______
二、现在完成时
1.现在完成时的定义：
(1) 表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响和结果。
--It’s so dark. 太黑了。
--Someone has turned off the light. 有人把灯关了。（有人把灯关了，对现在造成的结果是：现在很黑。）
意思 用法
already 已经 肯定句（句中、句末）
Eg: I have already found my key. Jane has cleaned her room already.
yet 已经 否定句（句末）
I haven’t finished the work yet.Have you bought a computer yet
ever 曾经 疑问句（句中）
Have you ever seen pandas
never 从不 否定句（句中）
I have never been to Beijing before.
before 以前 各种句型（句末）
I have never been there before.
just 刚刚 各种句型（句中）
I have just done my work.
so far/by now/ up to now 到目前为止 各种句型（句首、句末）
So far/By now he has learnt 200 words.
once/twice/ 3 times … 1/2/3次 各种句型（句末）
I have been to the UK three times.
How long 多久
-How long have you lived here -For 9 years. / Since 2013.
How many times 多少次
-How many times has he been to Beijing -He has been to Beijing twice.
(2) 表示从过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在的动作或状态。（肯定句和疑问句中动词必须用延续性动词，）时间状语有：during/in the past(last) 1/3/7 few years, for + 时间段，since + …ago, since + 过去时间点，since + 过去时句子，by now, up to now, recently, in recent years …
I have been away from my homwtown for three years.(我离开家乡有3年了)
= I have been away from my hometown since three years ago.
= I have been away from my hometown since 2019.
= It is 3 years since I left my hometown.
2. 现在完成时的构成：
(1)肯定形式：have / has + done（过去分词）
注：have / has 是助动词
(2)否定形式：have / has not + done
注：have not = haven’t has not = hasn’t
(3)一般疑问句形式：Have / Has sb + done
She has finished her homework.
She hasn’t finished her homework.
--Has she finished her homework
--Yes, she has. / No, she hasn’t.
(4)特殊疑问句:疑问词+have/has+主语+done+其他？
I have washed my clothes. (对划线部分提问)
--What have you done
He has washed his clothes. (对划线部分提问)
--What has he washed
3. 现在完成时的标志词：
(1)常与just, already, yet, ever, never, before, so far, in the past/last few years, recently等词连用，强调动作的完成，不强调动作的持续。
Have you ever been to Japan 你曾去过日本吗？
Judy has just finished reading the book. 朱迪刚读完这本书。
注：already常位于句中，也可位于句尾，可用于肯定句或疑问句。yet通常位于句尾，常用于疑问句和否定句中。
They have already cleaned the classroom. 他们已经把教室打扫了。
They haven’t cleaned the classroom yet. 他们还没打扫教室。
(2)for + 时间段；
since + 过去的时间点；
since + 时间段 + ago；
since + 一般过去式的句子
注：对以上时间状语提问，用how long
They have known each other for five years. 他们已经相互认识五年了。
Since he was a child, he has lived in England. 自从他是一个孩子起，就一直住在英国。
The students have studied in the middle school since last month. 这些学生自从上个月开始在这个学校学习。
—How long have you stayed in the room.
—For two hours. / Since two hours ago.
自我检测：
I. 根据要求填空。
1. 他们已经到了。
They _______ _______.
缩写：____________________.
否定句：___________________________.
一般疑问句：_______________________.
肯定回答：_________________________.
2. 她已经完成作业了。
She _______ _______ her homework.
缩写：_______ _______ her homework.
否定句：___________________________.
一般疑问句：_______________________.
否定回答：_________________________.
II. 用just, already, before, yet, never, ever等填空
1. I have never heard of that _______.
2. Have you _______ ridden a horse
3. She has _______ finished the work
4. —Have you milked the cow _______
—Yes, I have _______ done that.
5. I’ve _______ driven a car before. I have no driver’s license(驾照)
III. 用for, since填空
1. _______ two yeas 2. ________ two years ago
3. _______ last month 4. _______ 1999
5. _______ yesterday 6. _______ 4 o’clock
7. _______ 4 hours 8. _______ an hour ago
9. _______ we were children
10. _______ lunch time 11. _______ she left here
1. I have been here _______ just over two days.
2. He has worked here _______ 1989.
3. She has learned English ______ one and a half year.
4. They have lived here _______ three years ago.
5. Miss Li has taught in the school _______ she left
university.
6. He has lived in Nanjing ________ the year before last.
7. Our teacher has learnt French _______ three years.
8. The film has been on _______ 20 minutes.
9. Mr Green has worked here _______ he came to China.
10. His grandpa has been dead _______ several years.
11. It’s five years _______ we met last time.
12. We haven’t seen each other _______ a long time.
IV. 用括号内所给词的适当形式填空
1. _______ you _______(find) your watch yet
2. —Are you thirsty
—No. I _______ just _______(have) some orange.
3. We _______ already _______(return) the book.
4. —_______ they _______(build) a new school in the village
—No, they haven’t.
5. –Has Tom taught you English
—Yes. He _______(teach) us English for two years.
6. I _______(not finish) my homework yet. Can you help me
7. My father _______(read) the book twice.
8. Mike _______(make) quite a few friends since he came to China.
9. These children ______(stay) in the park for an hour.
10. She _______ never _______(do) the job before.
11. He has already gone home.
He ______ ______ home _______(否定句).
_______ he ________ home ________ (一般疑问)
12. He has had lunch at home.
He _______ ________ lunch at home.(否定句)
_______ he ________ lunch at home (一般疑问)
_______ ________ he ________ at home (特殊疑问)
_______ ________ he ________ lunch (特殊疑问)
13. He has been there twice. (划线部分提问)
______ ______ _______ _______ he been there
14. They have been there since 2000. (划线部分提问)
_______ _______ have they been there
V. 单项选择
( )1. Ben is a foreign teacher. So far, he ____ in Chongqing for four years.
A. was teaching B. has taught
C. will teach D. taught
( )2. Mr. Wang isn’t here. I think he ___Shandong.
A. has gone to B. have gone to
C. goes to D. went to
( )3.—Would you like to watch the 3D film Titanic with me
—Sorry. I don’t want to watch it again. I ____ it twice.
A. saw B. was seen C. have seen D. had seen
( )4. —Dave, we will leave in 10 minutes. Are you ready
—No. I ____ our guide book and towels yet.
A. don’t pack B. didn’t pack
C. have packed D. haven’t packed
( )5. —____ have you ____
—I have written a letter to my pen friend.
A. What; write B. What; written
C. How; wrote D. How; written
( )6. Have you met Mr Li ______
A. just B. ago C. before D. a moment ago
( )7. The famous writer _____ one new book in the past two year.
A. is writing B. was writing
C. wrote D. has written
( )8. —Our country ______ a lot so far.
　　　—Yes . I hope it will be even ______.
A. has changed ; well B. changed ; good
C. has changed ; better D. changed ; better
( )9. Zhao Lan_____already ______in this school for two years.
A. was ; studying B. will ; study
　 C. has ; studied D. are ; studying
( )10.—_____ have you known Xiao Li
—Since she was a little girl.
A. How soon B. How long
C. How often D. When
三、现在完成时与一般过去时的区别
1. 现在完成时表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或过去的状态持续到现在。强调的是影响，和现在有联系。
一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态，强调动作，和现在没关系；
I saw this film yesterday. 昨天我看过这部电影。（强调看的动作发生过了）
I have seen this film. 我已经看过这部电影了。（强调对现在造成的影响，电影内容已经知道了）
I have just been to London. I went there last month.
我刚去过伦敦，是上个月去的。
2. 一般过去时常与具体的表示过去的时间状语连用，如：yesterday, last year, three days ago, in 1990, in October, just now等；
现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。时间状语常有：for, since, always, till/until, ever, never, just, yet, so far, before, already, during/in the last/past few years, recently等
Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.
We haven’t decided where to go so far.
自我检测：
1. —火车已经开走了。The train _______ _______
—什么时候开走的？When _______ it _______
—半个小时前开走的。It _______half an hour ago.
2. --我已经买了这本书。I ______ ______ this book
--你在哪里买的？Where _______ you _______ it
--在门口的书店买的。I _______ it in a book store
near the gate.
3. The old man _______ last year. He _______________________ for a year.(die)
4. 我是2000 年来重庆的。我已经这里已经22年了。
______________________________________________________________________________________
( )5.—____ you ____ your homework yet
—Yes. I ____ it a moment ago.
A. Did; do; finished
B. Have; done; finished
C. Have; done; have finished
D. Will; do; finish
Unit 9
Have you ever been to a museum
现在完成时（II）
含有be动词的现在完成时
1.构成：
Have/has(助动词)+ been +其他。
2. 基本句式：
（1）肯定句：主语+have/has +been +其他。
（2）否定句：主语+ haven’t/hasn’t +been +其他。
（3）一般疑问句：Have/Has +主语+ been+其他。
肯定简略答语：Yes，主语+ have/has.
否定简略答语：No, 主语+haven’t/hasn’t.
（4）特殊疑问句：疑问词+have/has +主语+been+其他？
3.用法：
“have/has been+其他”句型用来表示之前已经发生或完成的动作或状态，其结果却和现在有联系：动作或状态发生在过去，但它的影响现在还存在，可以和never，ever，once， twice，three/four/…times等副词（短语）连用。
例句：
They have been to Beijing. 他们去过北京。
I have never been there before.以前我从未去过那里。
Have you ever been to Singapore 你曾经去过新加坡吗？
4.辨析：
“have/has been +地点”与 “have/has gone to+地点”和 “have/has been in+地点”等的区别
have/has been to+地点 某人曾经去过某地 现在已经回来，不在那里了。
have/has gone to+地点 某人去了某地 现在还没有回来，可能在去的途中， 也可能在目的地或在返回途中。
have/has been in+地点 住在某地呆在某地 表现在还住/呆在某地，能够和for或since引导的一段时间连用。
例句：
1. Mary has been to Shanghai. 玛丽去过上海。（现在不在上海）
2. Nancy has gone to England. 南茜去英国了。（现在已在英国或在途中）
3. I have been in Chongqing for forty year.
=I have stayed in Chongqing since forty years ago. 我在重庆呆了40年。（到现在为止已经40年了）
自我检测：
( )1.Sanya is a beautiful city. I ______ there twice.
A. have gone B. have been
C. have gone to D. have been to
( )2.—Where is Miss Zhang
--She ______ to Tibet for a trip.
A. went B. has been
C. has gone D. has went
( )3.—How long have you lived there
--I ______ there ________.
A. lived , five years. B. been, five years ago
C. lived, five years later D. been, for five years
5.现在完成时和一般过去时的区别。
时态 含义 时间状语
一般过去时 表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态。 表过去的时间：yesterday, last year, …ago, in 1990, in October, just now等
现在完成时 表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。强调的是现在的情况。 ever，never， just， yet， in the past/last few years，recently， so far等。不能和表过去的时间连用。
例句：
1. Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.
2. I have got a letter from my father.
自我检测：
( )1. –Where’s your brother, Tom
-- He ______ to Guangzhou.
A. goes B. has been
C. has gone D. went
( ) 2.—Have you ever been to Hangzhou
--Yes, I _____there a few months ago.
A. have been B. went
C. have gone D. will go
( )3. I _____ to Hong Kong once. It’s modern.
A. will go B. have gone
C. have been D. went
( )4.--You haven’t been to the West Lake , have you
--______. But I will go there with my parents next summer vacation.
A. No, I haven’t B. No, I didn’t
C. Yes, I have D. Yes, I did
【专题训练】
I. 用 have/has been to，have/has gone to，have/has been 填空：
1. —Where’s Jim
—He _______________ Guiling.
2.She _______________ the park, she will be back in two hours.
3. Oh, you are here. They are looking for you. Where ______ you ______
4. Tom _______________ Jim’s home, but he hasn’t come back.
5. They _______________ the forest alone and returned safely.
6. The Whites _______________ the U.S.A, They won’t come back.
7.We _______________ the bookshop and bought many books.
8.She _______________ her homeland; she is coming to my home next week.
9. I _______________Hong Kong twice.
10.My father _______________ the park with me for fifty minute.
II.单选：
( )1. I have never ______to the beach in Sanya.
A. go B. gone C. went D. been
( )2.He missed his mother very much, so he has already_____ to his home.
A. reach B. arrived C. gone D. been
( )3.They have _____ to Hangzhou, they found it very interesting.
A. is B. gone C. been D. already
( )4. Tom has ______ the W.C, so I have to wait for him.
A. been in B. been to
C. gone to D. go to
( )5. How many times have you_____ Shanghai.
A. been in B. been to
C. gone to D. go to
( )6.He has ever _____here with his wife.
A. been in B. been to
C. gone to D. been
( )7.I like the Mount Red Park , so I have ___there many times this week.
A. never B. ever been
C. never gone D. ever been to
( )8. May I speak to Lily -----Sorry, she has _______ Xi’an
A. been in B. been to
C. gone to D. go to
( )9. He has never ______to Hangzhou, but he has________ to Wuhan once.
A. go，been B. gone，been
C. went， been D. been，been
( )10.—I haven’t seen him recently,
—Oh, he has_______ to Fujian.
A. go B. gone C. went D. been
III.用go, be的正确形式填空：
1. Sally isn’t at home. She has ______to Japan
2. —Where’s Lucy
—She has______ to a restaurant for lunch.
3. Have you_______ to this park before.
4. I have______ there only once this year.
5. She has _____to the shop to buy a notebook.
6. —Where have you_____ these days
—I have _____ Chengdu to visit a friend
7. —Hi, I’m looking for you everywhere.
—Oh, I have ___to the library.
8. My aunt has never_____ to Russia, so she doesn’t know where Russia is.
9. The Blacks aren’t in Beijing, they have_____ to Shenzhen together.
10. He doesn’t want to see you, so he has _____to another city.
IV.完成句子：
1. I have been to the West lake.(变一般疑问句)
_______ _______ been to the West Lake
2. Lao Wang has been to Guangzhou.(对划线部分提问)
______ _______ Lao Wang ________
3. 他去过中国的很多城市，但他从没有去过国外。He has_____ to many cities in China, but he has
never _______abroad.
4. 我们去过泰山，我们都玩得很开心。
We have _____to the Mount Tai, we all _______ ourselves.
Unit 10
I’ve had this bike for three years.
现在完成时（III）
延续性动词和非延续性动词
例句：
1. —How long have you had that bike over there
—I’ve had it for three years.
2. I’ve had them since I was a child.
3. He’s owned it since his fourth birthday.
以上三个句子是含有since，for， how long等表一段的时间的完成时的句子。
1. 含义：
延续性动词（表经历、经验。） 非延续性动词（即短暂动词，表行为的结果）
现在完成时 表示从过去已经开始持续到现在的动作或状态。可以跟一段时间状语(见此表最下一格)。Eg：I’ve kept the novels for 18 years. 我保存这些小说18年了。 不能跟表示一段的时间状语(否定句除外)。Eg：I’ve bought twelve novels.我已经买了12本小说。
一般过去时 表示从过去已经开始持续到某一时刻。可以跟一段时间状语。Eg：I waited for you for 3 hours at the bus stop yesterday. ①与短暂性的时间点连用。Eg:I bought the novels 18 years ago/ at five yesterday.②用在“It is /has been +时间段+since从句”中的since引导的从句中。Eg：It has been 18 years since I bought the novels.
转换 用相应的延续性动词替换非延续性动词，句子则用现在完成时，时间状语为“for+时间段”；“since+时间点”；“since+从句（过去时）”；“since+一段时间+ago”；提问用how long.Eg:The old man died four years ago.=The old man has been dead for 4 years.=The old man has been dead since 4 years ago.=The old man has been dead since 2010.=It has been 4 years since the old man died.=It is 4 years since the old man died.提问：How long has the old man been dead 或When did the old man die
2. 常见的非延续性动词与对应的延续性动词或短语：
borrow-keep buy-have
catch a cold-have a cold put on –wear
get to know-know get to sleep-sleep
begin/start-be on go out-be out
get to/arrive/reach-be (in) die-be dead
open-be open leave-be away
finish-be over fall ill-be ill
get up-be up fall asleep-be asleep
join-be in/a member of become-be
go to school-be in school make friends-be friends
come/go-be +介词短语 close-be closed
go to bed-be in bed
【专题训练】
I.单项选择：
( )1. When he arrived at the bus stop, the bus ________ for 20 minutes.
A. has left B. had left
C. has been away D. had been away
( )2. I ______ the League for 5 years so far.
A. joined B. have joined
C. have been in D. be a member of
( )3. The factory ____ since the February of 1988.
A . has been open B. has opened
C. was open D. opened
( )4. Mary and Rose _______friends since they met in 2000.
A. have made B. have been
C. made D. have become
( )5.You mustn't ________ until he comes back.
A. be away B. leave
C. be left D. been left
( )6.The meeting _______ for a week now.
A. has finished B. has ended
C. has been over D. been finished
( )7.Miss Gao ______ this school for nearly 5 years.
A. has been in B. has come to
C. has taught D. has been to
( )8.Ben ______ a teacher for 4 years .
A. has been B. has become
C. was D. became
( )9. I ______ home for a week.
A. have returned B. have been back
C. returned D. has back
( )10. How long _______ he ________
A. did, died B. has, died
C. has, been dead D. did, die
II.翻译：
1. 我买了这量车已经3年了。(写任意3种表达)
________________________________________
________________________________________
________________________________________
________________________________________
2. 你哥哥参军多长时间了？
________________________________________
3. 自从1986年以来她已经写了十多本书。
________________________________________
经常用现在完成时的9种情况
1 九词语
①already 已经 肯定句中或句尾 例: I have already found my pen. = I have found my pen already.
②yet已经 否定句和疑问句句尾 例：I have not finished the work yet.
Have you bought a computer yet
③ever曾经 句中 例：Have you ever seen pandas
④never从不 句中 例：I have never been to Beijing.
⑤just刚刚 句中 例：I have just done my work.
⑥before以前 句尾 例：I have never been there before.
⑦so far到目前为止 例：So far he has learnt 200 words.
⑧how long多久 例：How long have you lived here
⑨how many times多少次 例：How many times has he been to Beijing
2 两词组
havegone to去了某地 ，人没在说话现场。 例：He has gone to Beijing (去了北京)
havebeen to去过某地 去了，人已经回来了。例：He has been to Beijing. (去过北京)
3 两结构
for +一段时间 例如：for two months
Jim has lived here for 2 months.
since +过去点时间 例如：since last year since 3 years ago since 1990
Lucy has been in Beijing since 3 years ago.
since +过去时态句子
例如：since he came here
He has been in China since he came here.
4 如果句子里面没有时间状语，汉语意思能够加“已经”，往往用现在完成时态。
例：Have you lost your library book 你已经弄丢了从图书馆借的那本书吗？
5现在完成时态还常常用于下列句型
They have planted many trees in the last few years. 在过去的几年，他们已经种了很多树。
This is the best book I have ever read. 这是我曾经读过的最好的一本书。
It is the first time I have played the computer games. 这是我第一次玩电脑游戏。
6. 在现在完成时中，一次性动词不能和一段时间状语连用
例：He has bought the book for 3 years.（错）
因buy这个一次性动词不能和一段时间for 3 years连用, 改正的办法有五种：
① He has bought the book.. (去掉一段时间for 3 years)
② He bought the book 3 years ago (改为一般过去时，使句子的意思不变)
③ It’s 3 years since he bought the book. = 3 years has passed since he bought the book.
（改为固定句型 It is ---since---）
④ He has not bought the book for 3 years. （改为否定句）
⑤ He has had the book for 3 years. （用延续性动词have代替buy）
7. 还有其他一次性动词也是这种情况，可参照前面的五种办法改正，前四种改法都一样，第五种改法各不相同，举例如下：
①come/arrive/get to/reach → be here
例：I have come here for 3 years. （错） 改为：I have been here for 3 years.
②leave/go →be away
例：He has left for 3 hours.（ 错） 改为：He has been away for 3 hours.
③begin/start →be on
例：The film has begun for 3 minutes. （错） 改为：The film has been on for 3 minutes.
④open →be open / close → be closed
例：The shop has opened for 3 years. (错) 改为：The shop has been open for 3 years.
⑤die →be dead
例：His father has died for 3 years. (错) 改为：His father has been dead for 3 years.
⑥finish/end→ be over
例：He has finished the work for 3 days. (错) 改为：The work has been over for 3 days
⑦join 例：I have joined the army for 3 years.（错）
改为：I have been in the army for 3 years. 或I have been a soldier for 3 years.
⑧buy /catch → have
例：I havebought the bike for 3 years. （错） 改为：I have had the bike for 3 years.
例：He has caught a cold for 3 days. （错） 改为：He has had a cold for 3 days.
⑨borrow → keep
例：I have borrowed the book for 3 years.（错） 改为：I have kept the book for 3 years.
8. 延续性动词和终止性动词
①延续性动词：表示的动作是能延续的动作，这种动作可以延续下去或产生持久的影响。如：learn work stand lie know walk keep have wait watch sing read sleep live
②终止性动词：也叫非延续性动词，瞬间动词，一次性动词。表示的动作不能延续，即动作发生后立即结束，产生某种结果。在有了某种结果后，动作就不能再继续下去。如：leave start set out arrive reach get to begin stop shut turn off marry put put on get up wake fall join meet receivefinish end complete become come go die open close break give jump buy borrow
9. 终止性动词不能和一段时间状语连用。
He has died for three days. （错，终止性动词die不能和一段时间for three days连用）
练 习 题
一 单选题
1. I will tell him as soon as he _____ back
A. come B. comes
C. will come D. came
2. —________ you ever _________ Dali
—Never. But I am going there this vacation.
A. Do…go to B. Have…been to
C. Have…gone to D. Will…go to
3. My aunt is a writer. She ____ more than ten books since 1980.
A. writes B. wrote
C. has written D. will write
4. Echo _____ for half a month. She’ll come hack in two months.
A. left B leave
C. has left D. has been away
5.The Smiths came to Shanghai in 2008,they__ there for three years since then.
A. live B. lived
C. have lived D. will live
6. — Have you ever been to Nanning
— Yes, _______ .
A. I was B. I do
C. I am D. I have
7. I my homework, I guess I can't join you.
A. don't finish B. didn't finish
C. haven't finished D. won't finish
8. —Excuse me, where is Mr. Brown's office
—Sorry, I don't know. I _____ here for only a few days.
A. work B. worked
C. have worked D. will work
9.—Where is Bob —He ______to Harbin for a meeting.
A. went B. has been C. has gone
10. — Are you going to the bank, Laura —No, I ______ to the bank already.
A. have been B. have gone
C. am going D. had been
11.He usually _____ TV on Sunday evening.
A. watch B. watches
C. watching D. is watching
12. We'll go to play with snow if it ______ tomorrow.
A. snow B. snows
C. will snow D. snowed
13. Neither I nor he ______ French.
A. speak B. doesn't speak
C. speaks D. doesn't speak
14. Nobody ______ how to run this machines.
A . know B. have
C known D . knows
15. The kids _____ water for the old man every day.
A. carry B. bring
C. takes D. carries
16. —Dad, I ________ the station for minutes, but nobody came to meet me.
—Don’t worry. I’ll go to meet you soon.
A. arrived at B. have been at
C. will reach
17. Look ! The boy students _____ football while the girls _____ .
A. are playing… dance
B. are playing…are dancing
C. play… dancing
D. play… dance
18. He _____ to do his lessons at eight every evening.
A. is beginning B. is beginning
C. begin D. begins
19. _____ he _____ on well with his friends this term Yes, he does.
A. Does…gets B. Does…get
C. Is…getting D. Is…geting
20. Mr Smith is a writer and _____ short stories, but he ____ a TV play these days.
A. is writing…is writing
B. is writing… writes
C. writes… is writing
D. writes… writes
二、用所给动词填空
1:____________you ever _________(drink) Coke
2:He __________never ___________(visit)
the Science Museum .
3:We ___________(buy) a big dog .It’s sleeping
in the corner of the room now .
4:Tom __________ his father at school. -----When _____he ______him (meet)
5:__________Lucy ever__________(watch ) the movie at the cinema
6:The teacher __________(go) to the village very far from here since last week .
7:I’m hungry because I ____________(not have ) breakfast.
三、 根据要求改写句子。
　⑴My father has finished his work.（改为否定句）My father ______ ______his work.
　 ⑵I ve ever been to Beijing.（改为一般疑问句） _______you_____ ______to Beijing？
　 ⑶Jim finished his homework.（改为现在完成时） Jim______ ______ his homework.
⑷He has been to Guangzhou twice.（就划线部分提
______ ______ ______has he been to Guangzhou？
　　将下列句子译成英语。
　　⑴约翰和汤姆已经到北京了
　　 John and Tom have ______ ______ Bei Jing.
　　⑵我从没有到过历史博物馆。
　　 I have ______ ______ ______the History Museum.
　　⑶我们已经学语文7年了。
　　 We ______ _______ Chinese for 7 years.
　　⑷我去过 长城两次。
　　I ______ _______ _______ the Great Wall twice.
　　⑸这场足球赛我看了很多遍了，太精彩了。
　　 I have watched the football match ______ _______. It s wonderful.
　　Have/has gone to 与have/has been to 的区别。
　　Have/has gone to指"去了某地，人未回来"。
现在完成时专项练习 1
一．单项选择。
( )1、Both his parents look sad . Maybe they ___________what has happened to him .
　　Ａ. knew Ｂ. have known Ｃ. must know Ｄ.will know
( )2、He has __________ been to Shanghai , has he
　　Ａ. already Ｂ.never Ｃ.ever Ｄ. still
( )3、Have you met Mr Li _________？
　　Ａ. just Ｂ. ago Ｃ.before Ｄ. a moment ago
( )4、The famous writer _________ one new book in the past two year .
　　Ａ. is writing Ｂ.was writing Ｃ.wrote Ｄ.has written
( )5、—Our country ______ a lot so far .　　　—Yes . I hope it will be even ______ .
　　Ａ. has changed ; well Ｂ. changed; good
　　Ｃ. has changed ; better Ｄ. changed; better
( )6、Zhao Lan ______already ______in this school for two years .
　　Ａ. was ; studying Ｂ. will ; study　　 Ｃ. has ; studied Ｄ. are; studying
( )7、We ______ Xiao Li since she was a little girl .
　　Ａ. know Ｂ. had known Ｃ. have known Ｄ. knew
( )8、Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_______ it twice.
　　Ａ. will see Ｂ. have seen Ｃ. saw Ｄ.see
( )9、--These farmers have been to he United States .
　--Really When _____ there
　　Ａ. will they go Ｂ. did they go　　Ｃ. do they go Ｄ. have they gone
( )10、—______ you ___ your homework yet 　　 —Yes . I _____ it a moment ago .
　　Ａ. Did ; do ; finished Ｂ. Have ; done ; finished
　　Ｃ. Have ; done ; have finished Ｄ. will ; do ; finish
( )11、 His father ______ the Party since 1978 .
　　Ａ. joined Ｂ. has joined Ｃ. was in Ｄ. has been in
( )12、—Do you know him well 　　— Sure .We _________ friends since ten years ago .
　　Ａ. were Ｂ. have been Ｃ. have become Ｄ. have made
( )13、—How long have you _____ here 　　—About two months .
　　Ａ. been Ｂ. gone Ｃ. come Ｄ. arrived
( )14、Hurry up! The play ________ for ten minutes .
　　Ａ. has begun Ｂ. had begun　　Ｃ. has been on Ｄ. began
( )15、 It _____ ten years since he left the army .
　　Ａ. is Ｂ. has Ｃ. will Ｄ. was
( )16、 Miss Green isn't in the office . she_______ to the library.
　　Ａ.has gone Ｂ. went Ｃ.will go Ｄ. has been
( )17、My parents ______ Shandong for ten years .
　　Ａ. have been in Ｂ. have been to　　Ｃ. have gone to Ｄ. have been
( )18、The students have cleaned the classroom, __________
A. so they B. don’t they C. have they D. haven’t they
( )19. _______ has Mr White been a member of Greener China since he _______ to China
A. How soon, comes B. How often, got
C. How long, came D. How far, arrived
( )20. His uncle ________ for more than 9 years.
A. has come here B. has started to work
C. has lived there D. has left the university
二． 句型转换。
1、The bus has arrived here. It arrived ten minutes ago. (把两个句子合并成一个句子)
___________________________________________
2、They have been here since 2000. (对划线部分提问)
__________ _________ have they been here
3、The old man _________the bike last year. He _______ ________ it for a year. (buy) （动词填空）
4、This factory opened twenty years ago.(同义句转换)
This factory _______ _________ ________ for twenty years.
5、Miss Gao left an hour ago. (同义句转换)
Miss Gao ________ _______ ________ ________ an hour ago.
6、Her mother has been a Party member for three years .（同义句）
　 Her mother _______ the Party three years ________ .
7、The Green Family moved to France two years ago. (同义句转换)
_______ two years ________ the Green family moved to France.
三．汉译英。
吉姆已做完作业，他现在有空了。
他昨天收到一封信。
我父亲以前到过三亚。
她还没有看过那部新电影。
她去过上海。
他这些天上哪儿去了？
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