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(共37张PPT)
人教版（2019） 必修
三
Period 3 Grammar
THE VALUE OF MONEY
Unit 5
Express modality and talk about future events in the past
情态动词与过去将来时
Discovering Useful Structures
Content
1.Objectives
2.Lead-in
3.Pre-learning
4.Item-1
5.Item-2
6.Summary
8.Assignment
7.Homework
Learning objectives
After learning the lesson, we can:
01
02
learn about the different functions of modal verbs.
talk about future events in the past using “would do” and “was / were going to do”.
Objectives
Watch the video and try to tell the different among the modal verbs.
Lead-in Watch and Tell
表示推测和可能性
如：“It may rain tomorrow.”（明天可能会下雨。）
2. 表达许可和允许
如：“You can leave now.”（你现在可以走了。）
3. 表示义务和责任
如： “We must follow the rules.”（我们必须遵守规则。）
4. 表达能力和技能
如： “He could play the piano when he was young.”（他年轻时会弹钢琴。）
They are called modal verbs. They are used to express…
Pre-learning
5. 表达意愿和意图
如： “They would like to go shopping.”（他们想去购物。）
6. 表示请求和建议
如： “Could you please pass me the salt ”（你能把盐递给我吗？）
7. 用于虚拟语气
如：如：“If I were you, I would do it differently.”
They are called modal verbs. They are used to express…
A. 表示必要性
You have to read between the lines because the real messages are often hidden…
B. 表示可能和推测
It may seem lucky to you.
C. 表义务性
Astronauts must wear spacesuits when they work in space because…
More Examples
D. 表示提出请求或发出指示
May we ask what you’re doing in this country
E. 表示提出建议
You’d better not open it.
F. 示意图和愿望
What would you do if you were in her situation
情态动词
定义：情态动词是一类本身有一定的词义，但要与动词原形一起使用，给谓语动词增添情态色彩，表示说话人对有关行为或事物的态度和看法，认为其可能、应该或必要等。
特点1：没有人称和数的变化，例如不管主语是单数还是复数，“He can swim.” 和 “They can swim.” 中“can”的形式不变。
特点2：后面接动词原形，情态动词不能独立使用，须后接动词原形，一起构成谓语动词。
Grammar Item-1
情态动词分类
1. 只作情态动词的：
must 必须 can / could 能，可以
may / might 可能，也许
2. 可作情态动词也可作实义动词的：
need 需要 dare 敢
3. 可作情态动词也可作助动词的：
shall / should 应该，将要 will / would 愿意，将要
4. 具有情态动词特征的短语：
ought to 应该 had better 最好
“can”表示现在的能力，“could”表示过去的能力。
例如：“I can speak English.”（现在能说）
“He could ride a bike when he was five.”
（过去五岁时能骑）
“could”比“can”语气更委婉。
例如：“Could you help me ”（更委婉的请求）
对比 “Can you help me ”
1. can 和 could
“may”表示可能性时，比“might”的可能性大。
例如：“It may rain tomorrow.” （可能性较大）
“It might rain tomorrow.” （可能性较小）
“might”可以表示委婉的推测或请求。
例如：“He might be at home.” “Might I have a look ”
2. may 和 might
“must”侧重于说话人的主观想法和要求，意为“必须”。
例如： “You must finish your homework.”
“have to”侧重于客观需要，意为“不得不”。
例如：“I have to go now because it's too late.”
3. must 和 have to
两者都表示“应该”，多数情况下可以互换。但“ought to”语气比“should”稍强。
例如：“You should / ought to study hard.”
4. should 和 ought to
“will”表示将来或意愿，“would”是“will”的过去式，可用于过去将来时，也用于表示委婉的意愿。
例如： “He will come tomorrow.” “Would you like some coffee ”
5. will 和 would
辨析正误
He can speak French when he was 5 years old. （ ）
It may be sunny tomorrow. （ ）
She must goes to school today. （ ）
Could you please pass the salt （ ）
We have to finish the work on time, mustn‘t we （ ）
错误。应将“can”改为“could”，因为句中是过去的时间，要用过去式。
正确。“may”表示可能性。
错误。应将“goes”改为“go”，“must”后接动词原形。
正确。“Could you please...”是常见的委婉请求的表达。
错误。应将“mustn't”改为“don't”，“have to”的反意疑问句用助动词“do”。
May I use your pen Yes, you could. （ ）
He will come if he has time. （ ）
You ought to not be late for class. （ ）
I needn't to do my homework now. （ ）
They would go to Beijing last year. （ ）
错误。应将“could”改为“can”，“May I...”的肯定回答用“Yes, you can.”
正确。“will”表示将来的意愿。
错误。应将“ought to not”改为“ought not to”。
错误。应将“to do”去掉，“needn't”是情态动词，后接动词原形。
错误。应将“would”改为“went”，“last year”是过去的时间，要用一般过去时。
单句语法填空
You ______ (can/must) be very tired after such a long walk.
He ______ (couldn't/might not) have known the truth. I never told him.
We ______ (should/ought to) save water in our daily life.
______ (May/Can) I borrow your pen
You ______ (needn't/don't need) come if you are busy.
You ______ (can/must) be very tired after such a long walk.
He ______ (couldn't/might not) have known the truth. I never told him.
1. must
解析：“must”表示肯定的推测，“can”表示可能性，“经过这么长的步行，你一定很累了”，这里用“must”表示肯定的推测更符合语境。
2. couldn't
解析：“couldn't have + 过去分词”表示对过去事情的否定推测，“might not have + 过去分词”表示可能性较小的否定推测。“我从没告诉他，他不可能知道真相”，用“couldn't”语气更强烈、更肯定。
题目解析
3. should/ought to
解析：“should”和“ought to”都有“应该”的意思，在这种语境下两者都可以使用。
4. May
解析：“May”用于请求许可，语气较正式、委婉；“Can”更侧重于表示能力或可能性。这里向别人借笔，用“May”更礼貌。
5. needn't
解析：“needn't”是情态动词，后接动词原形；“don't need”中“need”是实义动词，后接动词不定式“to do”。“如果你忙，你不必来”，这里需要情态动词，所以用“needn't”。
We ______ (should/ought to) save water in our daily life.
______ (May/Can) I borrow your pen
You ______ (needn't/don't need) come if you are busy.
选词填空
may must can should need
It's a sunny day. We 1.______ go for a picnic. But I have a lot of homework to do. I 2.________ finish it first. My friend Tom calls me and asks if I 3.________ play football with him. I tell him I 4._______ because of my homework. He says I 5._______ have a rest sometimes.
It's a sunny day. We 1.______ go for a picnic. But I have a lot of homework to do. I 2.________ finish it first. My friend Tom calls me and asks if I 3.________ play football with him. I tell him I 4._______ because of my homework. He says I 5._______ have a rest sometimes.
“can”表示“能够，可以”，天气好我们能够去野餐。
“must”表示“必须”，强调完成作业的必要性。
“can”表示“能够”，询问是否能够一起踢足球。
“can't”表示“不能”，因为作业所以不能去踢足球。
“should”表示“应该”，朋友觉得我应该有时休息一下。
链接最新高考题
1..（2022年全国乙卷）I was trying to figure out what to buy for my mother's birthday, and suddenly it ______ to me that a new book by her favorite author would be perfect.
A. happened B. occurred C. appeared D. seemed
2..（2021年新高考Ⅰ卷）You ______ be careful with the camera. It costs!
A. may B. can C. will D. should
3..（2023年全国甲卷）I ______ find my keys. I remember putting them on the table, but they're not there now.
A. can't B. mustn't C. needn't D. shouldn't
1..（2022年全国乙卷）I was trying to figure out what to buy for my mother's birthday, and suddenly it ______ to me that a new book by her favorite author would be perfect.
A. happened B. occurred C. appeared D. seemed
2..（2021年新高考Ⅰ卷）You ______ be careful with the camera. It costs!
A. may B. can C. will D. should
3..（2023年全国甲卷）I ______ find my keys. I remember putting them on the table, but they're not there now.
A. can't B. mustn't C. needn't D. shouldn't
B。“It occurred to sb. that...”为固定句型，表示“某人突然想到……”。
2. D。“should”表示“应该”，句意为“你应该小心使用相机。它很贵！”
强调应当小心的态度。
3. A。“can't”表示“不能”，“我不能找到我的钥匙”，即找不到钥匙这个事实。
Grammar Item-2
过去将来时
定义：
过去将来时主要用于表示从过去某一时间来看将要发生的动作或存在的状态。
特点：
它常用于宾语从句中，尤其是当主句的动词为过去时态时，宾语从句中若要表达将来的动作或情况，就需要使用过去将来时。
过去将来时
用法：
基本结构是“woud+动词原形”, 否定式是在woud后面加not。
例子：
1. He promised he would do his best.
（他承诺他会尽全力。）
2. Every time I asked for help, she would do it without hesitation.
（每次我请求帮助，她都会毫不犹豫地去做。）
3.She was very stubborn and would not do as she was told.
（她非常固执，不肯照吩咐的做。）
此外, be going to、be about to等结构也用在过去将来时中
如:
I was going to go shopping this afternoon, but it started raining.
（我本来打算今天下午去购物的，但开始下雨了。）
I was about to leave when the phone rang.
（我正要离开，这时电话响了。）
was/were going to do”和“was/were about to do
“was/were going to do”：强调计划、打算做某事，通常有某种迹象或之前有过这样的想法、意图。
例如：“I was going to visit my grandparents this weekend, but I got sick.” （我本打算这个周末去看望我的祖父母，但我生病了。） 这里表明之前就有去看望祖父母的计划。
“was/were about to do”：表示即将、正要做某事，强调动作马上就要发生，通常不与表示将来时间的状语连用。
例如：“The train was about to leave when I reached the station.” （我到达车站时，火车正要离开。） 突出到达车站那一刻，火车即将出发的紧迫性。
单句语法填空
I thought she ______ (come) to see me, but she didn‘t.
They ______ (play) football when it started to rain.
He ______ (leave) the room when the phone rang.
She told me she ______ (write) a letter to her friend.
We ______ (go) on a picnic, but something unexpected happened.
would come
were going to play
was about to leave
would write
were going to go
“I thought she would come to see me, but she didn't.” 中，“would come”表示过去将来，“thought”表明是过去的想法，“would come”体现了当时认为她会来看我，但实际上没有。
“They were going to play football when it started to rain.” ，“were going to play”强调之前有踢足球的计划，但是因为下雨这个计划被打断了。
“He was about to leave the room when the phone rang.” ，“was about to leave”表示正要离开房间的时候电话响了，突出动作即将发生。
“She told me she would write a letter to her friend.” ，“would write”在宾语从句中表示过去将来，“told”是过去式，所以“write”用过去将来时。
“We were going to go on a picnic, but something unexpected happened.” ，“were going to go”表示原本打算去野餐，却因为意外情况没有去成，强调有这个打算。
题目解析
链接最新高考题
1.（2021年新高考Ⅰ卷）Just an hour ago he told me on the phone that he ______ (come) home right after his work.
（答案：would come）【解析】“told”是过去式，“would come”表示过去将来，即在过去那个时候说下班后将要回家。
2.（2022年全国乙卷，改）I thought she ____ (come) to my party, but she didn't.
（答案：would come）【解析】“thought”是过去式，“would come”表示过去将来，意思是当时认为她会来参加我的派对。
3.（2023年全国甲卷，改编）They decided that they ______(buy) a new house once Larry changed jobs.
（答案：would buy）【解析】“decided”是过去式，“would buy”表示过去将来，即他们决定一旦 Larry 换工作，他们就将买新房子。
情态动词分类
1. 只作情态动词的：
must 必须 can / could 能，可以
may / might 可能，也许
2. 可作情态动词也可作实义动词的：
need 需要 dare 敢
3. 可作情态动词也可作助动词的：
shall / should 应该，将要 will / would 愿意，将要
4. 具有情态动词特征的短语：
ought to 应该 had better 最好
Summary
过去将来时
用法：
基本结构是“woud+动词原形”, 否定式是在woud后面加not。
例子：
1. He promised he would do his best.
（他承诺他会尽全力。）
2. Every time I asked for help, she would do it without hesitation.
（每次我请求帮助，她都会毫不犹豫地去做。）
3.She was very stubborn and would not do as she was told.
（她非常固执，不肯照吩咐的做。）
Discuss the scene from The Million Pound Band Note on Page 52 and share your understanding of the story. Use modal verbs when necessary.
Assignment
Write a short passage to express your understanding of Act 1 Scene 3 of The Million Pound Bank Note.
Use as many modal verbs as possible.
Homework
Thanks for
Listening

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