资源简介

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
翻译做题技巧+专题训练
翻译是把一种语言文字的意义用另一种语言文字表达出来的一种创造性的语言活动。翻译能力的提高是一个长期实践和不断积累的过程。特别是初学者，要想提高自己的翻译能力，应该在以下几个方面多下功夫。
直译
直译不仅能再现原文的意义和语言形式，还能保持其生动形象的比喻和新颖独特的表达手法，让读者体会原习语的风采，同时丰富汉语表达形式。
一般说来，英语习语如在形、义上与汉语习语全同或是基本相同的常可采用直译，原习语中的比喻或形象能为汉语读者所接受的有时也可以采用直译。例如：
Time is money. 时间就是金钱（比"一寸光阴一寸金"流行）
Knowledge is power. 知识就是力量
2.套译
套译就是借用汉语成语来翻译。由于文化背景不同，原文的形象有时不符合中国习俗，如直译出来寓意就会颇为费解，或原文的形象引起另一种联想，从而影响到原文意思的准确传达，这时大多可以采用套译。英汉习语形异义似时，有时可采用这种译法。例如：
Better be the head of a dog than the tail of a lion. 宁为鸡首，不为牛后。
Some prefer turnips and others pears.萝卜白菜，各有所爱。（比译为"有人喜欢萝卜，有人喜欢梨"更能为中国读者所理解和接受。 ）
as lean as a rail 骨瘦如柴 （如 直译为"瘦得像个横杆"，则不符合中国人习惯。）
clean hand 两袖清风
3.意译
当直译原文结果会令人为费解或造成误解时，如使用套译的结果不理想，还可以采用意译。例如：
Look at the chaps in politics and business, whose whole lives were passed in skating on thin ice, and getting knighted for it.
试看那些政治上和商业上的家伙们， 他们整个儿的生活都是在风险中度过的，可是都因此封了爵。（to skate on thin ice 若直译为"如履薄冰"，则会产生谨慎从事的联想， 有违原意。）
to come like a dog at a whistle 一呼即来
第一，翻译时注意英文的句型，英文的句型一般来说有相应的中文译法。如It的句型的翻译：
(1)It is+名词十从句：
It is a fact that...事实是...It is a question that...是个问题... It is good news that...是好消息... it is common knowledge...是常识...
(3)It is+形容词十从句：
It is necessary that...有必要... It is important that...重要的是...
第三. 认真审题，确定词义。
审题包括"审"英语、汉语两部分内容。审英语部分时(跳过空格)读一下已经给出的那一部分，然后再仔细分析一下要求翻译的英语;审汉语部分时，了解汉语句子(或所给的汉语部分)所要表达的意思，然后联想一下相关词汇和句型，再考虑时态、词形变化、人称与数的一致性等问题。例如：
这是一辆英国的轿车。This is _______ _______ car.
【分析】根据此题所给的汉语句子和英语句子中所留的两个空格可知，本题应填"一辆英国式的"，其中包含两个单词，即an/a。English;不过这里又涉及到不定冠词an/a用法，a用于以辅音音素(音标)开头的单词或字母前，an则用于以元音音素开头的单词或字母前。所以本题应填an English。
第四. 分析辨别，确定词性。
同学们在做"句子翻译"这种题型时，要切忌一知半解，不要轻易动笔答题。英语中有许多意义相同的词或短语对这些貌似相同实则大相径庭的词、短语的用法，我们就得从分析句子结构入手，认真辨别，仔细分析，判断该词或短语在句中作何成分来定。例如：
他每天骑着自行车去上学.
a.He goes to school ______ ______ every day.
b. He goes to school ______ ______ ______ every day.
c. He _____ ______ ______ to school every day.
浏览所给的英汉句子，本题所要填的是"骑自行车"。而"骑自行车"的英文可以是ride a /(one's) bike 或by bike /on the bike。通过分析句子结构，句子a、b需用介词短语作状语，故答案分别为：by bike，on the bike;句子c缺少谓语部分，故用动词短语来表达，因此答案为rides a / his bike。
2.瞧!他们长得很像.Look! They ___________.
英语中表示"长得很像"可用look like与 look the same表达。但这两个短语在句中所起的作用不同，look like其实表示"A像B"即A look(s) like B;而look the same则表示"A和B看起来是一样的"即A and B look the same。因此，符合本题句子结构的答案应是look the same。
专题训练
阅读下面的短文，将划线部分译成英文或中文。
Hello! My name is Xu Zhuoyuan. I’m from Changsha, Hunan. I’m 17 years old now. I climbed Qomolangma(攀登珠穆朗玛峰) last year. I am the youngest(最年轻的) girl in China to get to the top.
61. 这里有两张不错的照片。 You can see my friends and me in the first photo. I climb Qomolangma with them. We have a good time together. 62. In the next picture are my parents. My mother is in a purple jacket and 63. she is a teacher of a middle school. My father is 56 years old now. He loves climbing, too. 64. I always ask my father for help.
Do you want to be my friend 65. 请拨打电话6864-4852找我。
.
62. .
63. .
64. .
65. .
阅读下面的短文，将划线部分译成英文或中文。
David is my good friend. He is an American boy. Look, 61. 这有两张他房间的漂亮照片。It is not big but very clean. His computer is on the desk. And some tapes are in the bookcase. 62. 他的钥匙在哪里 They are in his schoolbag. 63. You can see a purple model plane under the chair. David has a twin sister Gina. 64. She isn’t tidy and her things are everywhere. She lost her school ID card yesterday. 65. I think she must ask the teacher for help.
.
62. .
63. .
64. .
65. .
阅读下面的短文，将划线部分译成英文或中文。
Jim is my classmate. He likes playing basketball. But he always plays it alone (独自地). This morning. 61. 格林女士看到吉姆在学校打篮球。
“Hi, Jim. 62. What sports do you like ” Ms. Green asks.
“Basketball. I have two basketballs. One is here. One is in my room,” says Jim.
“I see. Don’t play it alone. 63. Play it with your classmates.”
“But it’s my ball. I don’t want them to play with it.”
“64. 独自一人打篮球有趣吗？”Ms. Green asks.
“No, it isn’t. And it’s boring,” Jim says.
“Share (分享) your basketball with your class-mates. It must be fun.”
“65. Jim does what Ms. Green says. And he has a good time. He finds that sharing is great.”
.
62. .
63. .
64. .
65. .
阅读下面的短文，将划线部分译成英文或中文。
It’s Sunday morning. There are many people in a shopping mall(商场). Mrs. Green and her son, Jim, are also in the shopping mall. 61. Mr. Green’s birthday is next week. Mrs. Green wants to buy a new shirt for him. Soon(不久) she finds a good one. She thinks it matches Mr. Green’s black jacket very well.
Mr. Green buys a pair of shoes for Jim. 62. 吉姆非常喜欢运动。 He is in the school football team. His school will have a football match(比赛) next Friday. 63. Jim wants his parents to watch it on TV. Jim’s sister, Kate, is busy at school, and her room is not tidy. 64. 在她的房间里，她的书和磁带到处都是。 So Mrs. Green buys a big bookcase for her.
As for(至于) Mrs. Green, she buys some nice food for herself 65. because she is a food lover. Having nice food makes her happy!
61. .
62. .
63. .
64. .
65. .
阅读下面的短文，将划线部分译成英文或中文。
Betty is a girl from Changsha. She has good eating habits. She likes sports and 61. 她每天做一些运动。She likes volleyball best. It’s easy for her. 62. She thinks playing volleyball is cool and fun.
63. 她有十三个排球。They are in her room, in her box, under her bed and under her desk. 64. She always plays volleyball with some of her classmates for an hour (小时) after school. She believes (相信) playing volleyball will help her grow taller and stronger. Betty joins the volleyball club and she plays in the school volleyball team (队). She plays volleyball very well. In the evening, she watches volleyball games on TV with her family. She likes Lang Ping and Zhao Ruirui. 65. 她也想成为一名排球明星。
61. .
62. .
63. .
64. .
65. .
参考答案
语篇翻译
61. Here are two good / nice photos.
62. 下一张照片是我的父母。
63. 她是一所中学的老师。
64. 我总是向父亲寻求帮助。
65. Please call me at 6864-4852.
61. here are two nice photos of his room.
62. Where are his keys
63. 你能看见一个紫色的飞机模型在椅子下面。
64. 她不整洁而且她的东西到处都是。
65. 我认为她必须向老师求助。
61.Mrs Green saw Jim play basketball at school.
62.你喜欢什么运动？
63.和你的同学们一起玩。
64.Is it fun to play basketball alone
65.吉姆照格林女士说的去做了。
61. 格林先生的生日在下周。
62. Jim loves / likes sports very much.
63. 吉姆想让他的父母在电视上看它/比赛。
64. In her room, her books and tapes are everywhere.
65. 因为她是个美食爱好者。
She does some exercise every day.
她认为打排球很酷而且有趣。
She has 13 /thirteen volleyballs.
她总是放学后和她的一些同学打一个小时的排球。
She wants to be a volleyball star.
HYPERLINK "http://21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
" 21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)

展开更多......

收起↑