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（2）阅读理解-人物类——2024年高考英语真题模拟试题专项汇编
一、【2024年新高考Ⅱ卷，阅读D】
Given the astonishing potential of AI to transform our lives, we all need to take action to deal with our AI-powered future, and this is where AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence comes in. This absorbing new book by Catriona Campbell is a practical roadmap addressing the challenges posed by the forthcoming AI revolution(变革).
In the wrong hands, such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code(代码) that powers AI but, thankfully, Campbell has more than two decades' professional experience translating the heady into the understandable. She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic, making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative and which, by the close, will make you feel almost as smart as AI.
As we soon come to learn from AI by Design, AI is already super-smart and will become more capable, moving from the current generation of "narrow-AI" to Artificial General Intelligence. From there, Campbell says, will come Artificial Dominant Intelligence. This is why Campbell has set out to raise awareness of AI and its future now-several decades before these developments are expected to take place. She says it is essential that we keep control of artificial intelligence, or risk being sidelined and perhaps even worse.
Campbell's point is to wake up those responsible for AI-the technology companies and world leaders-so they are on the same page as all the experts currently developing it. She explains we are at a "tipping point" in history and must act now to prevent an extinction-level event for humanity. We need to consider how we want our future with Al to pan out. Such structured thinking, followed by global regulation, will enable us to achieve greatness rather than our downfall.
AI will affect us all, and if you only read one book on the subject, this is it.
1．What does the phrase "In the wrong hands" in paragraph 2 probably mean
A. If read by someone poorly educated. B. If reviewed by someone ill-intentioned.
C. If written by someone less competent. D. If translated by someone unacademic.
2．What is a feature of AI by Design according to the text
A. It is packed with complex codes. B. It adopts a down-to-earth writing style.
C. It provides step-by-step instructions. D. It is intended for AI professionals.
3．What does Campbell urge people to do regarding AI development
A. Observe existing regulations on it.
B. Reconsider expert opinions about it.
C. Make joint efforts to keep it under control.
D. Learn from prior experience to slow it down.
4．What is the author's purpose in writing the text
A. To recommend a book on AI. B. To give a brief account of AI history.
C. To clarify the definition of AI. D. To honor an outstanding AI expert.
二、【2024年江苏泰州一模卷，阅读B】
Norman Lear, a genius producer and screenwriter, passed away on Tuesday in Los Angeles at the age of 101. “Lear’s hit comedy shows changed television forever,” said Darnel Hunt, a leading artist on TV.
Lear grew up in an ordinary family in Connecticut, where an unexpected accident brought about his father’s business collapse. So he had to drop out of college and joined the army. In his late 20s, he moved to Los Angeles where he struggled hard for several years, selling furniture door to door. Later on, unsatisfied with his life, he eventually turned to writing for a nightclub comedy act.
By 1971, when he was almost 50, Lear had produced and directed some shows, among which was the hit show All in the Family. In the beginning, it didn’t get on the air smoothly. However, once it did, this show made it to the top 10 for eight of its nine seasons, promising Lear’s life was to change.
This successful show was just the beginning of Lear’s dominating position in comedy shows. Then came The Jeffersons, about a family on its way up. It ran for eleven seasons, one of the longest running comedy shows on television, becoming another successful story. When interviewed about the hit of his shows, Lear said, “Our team read two or three newspapers a day, paid a lot of attention to our families, and came in to talk about everything that was affecting us in our daily lives.” Therefore, it came as no surprise that viewers had a sense of Lear’s own family after watching All in the Family.
“Routinely, Lear’s shows might get fifty or sixty million viewers. He was in direct contact with the living rooms and families of the country,” says Marty Kaplan, founding director of the Norman Lear Center. “Lear did everything with humor and sympathy.”
1．What can we learn about Lear from the first two paragraphs
A. He led a challenging life in his twenties.
B. His shows had little impact on television.
C. His father expected him to be a screenwriter.
D. He received good education despite his father’s business failure.
2．Which factor may contribute to the success of Lear’s shows
A. His shows reflected real daily life. B. His shows featured surprise endings.
C. His shows go on the air immediately. D. His shows dominated the comedy industry.
3．What can we infer from Marty Kaplan’s words in the last paragraph
A. Lear promoted his shows to families directly.
B. Lear won widespread popularity for his shows.
C. Lear carried out face-to-face interactions with viewers.
D. Lear always focuses on the themes of humor and sympathy.
4．Where is this text probably taken from
A. A comedy script. B. A story collection.
C. A literature review. D. A news report.
三、【2024年湖南浏阳模拟，阅读B】
In a gray box, I have a thick pile of love letters. I imagine about sharing them with a granddaughter when I’m 90. But my most treasured love letter is from one of my best friends. It’s a handwritten letter years ago when I was having trouble getting over a man. Her letter is the most romantic in my pile. It made no excuses. It simply let me know that I was loved.
Reflecting on her gift, and the dying art of handwritten letters in our age of emails and emoticons, I chose to conduct an experiment this Christmas: replacing presents with heartfelt, handwritten love letters for my family members.
In our digital era, most of us rarely take the time to share deeply-considered thoughts and emotions with the people in our lives. Handwriting captures the writer’s emotions, often preserved longer than digital exchanges. However, technology is taking over. First came typewriters and keyboards. Now a new brain-computer lets people type with their minds. What are we losing when we sacrifice the physical labor behind the written word We tend to value what we struggle for. Have we undervalued the human exchange of ideas
That day, I came across a letter my mom wrote to her parents when she was young. She seemed so comfortable with her parents. It was a relationship I didn’t have with her. I was inspired by my mother’s letter to her parents when I sat down to write my letter to her. I wanted her to know my love, and to close the crack that technology and culture had created between us. With each sentence, I was discovering new and deeper ways of seeing my mother, and making myself known to her in more thoughtful ways as well.
Eight single-space pages later, my hand was aching but I was done. It was only the first of my love letters, but it was already clear: What had begun as a fun project was in fact one of the most important undertakings of my life.
1．Why does the author mention her love letters in Paragraph 1
A．To show her grand charm as a young girl.
B. To share them with one of her granddaughters.
C．To highlight the value of handwritten letters.
D. To look back upon her romantic relationship.
2．How will technology probably affect us in the digital era
A．Making our interaction less emotional.
B．Encouraging our thoughtful communication.
C．Saving our physical labor in conveying emotions.
D．Increasing our effort in handwritten exchanges.
3．Why did the author handwrite a letter to her mother
A．To give her mother a big surprise. B．To answer her mother’s handwritten letter.
C．To bridge a communication gap.
D．To make her mother feel more comfortable.
4．What did the author learn from her experiment
A．The irreplaceable bond of family members.
B．The tendency of information technology.
C．The expression of emotions in the digital age.
D．The power of handwritten correspondence.
四、【2024年福建福州三模，阅读C】
In her book The Life-Changing Magic of Tidying Up, Marie Kondo makes the case that decluttering (清理杂物) can dramatically transform your life. Ridding your spaces of unused and unwanted stuff can make you happier, more confident and maybe even slimmer.
Judging by the popularity of her message and method, Kondo’s philosophy satisfies many people’s need. Yet the evidence backing the benefits of decluttering is mixed.
One 2013 study found that orderly spaces promote healthy choices but also conventional thinking, while working in a messy or disorganized space promotes creativity and new ideas. Einstein, famously, had a very untidy desk and has been quoted as saying, “If a cluttered desk is a sign of a cluttered mind, of what, then, is an empty desk a sign ”
Another study linked physical clutter (杂乱) to lower levels of life satisfaction. But one of the authors of that study says that clutter, rather than a problem in and of itself, seems to be a symptom of other problems, especially unchecked consumerism (无节制的消费). “In this society of abundance we live in, I think the idea that we have to have more makes us less satisfied with life,” says Joseph Ferrari, coauthor of the study. “It isn’t abundance that’s the problem as much as attachment to abundance.”
Other psychologists say technology may also be contributing to America’s keenness for organization. The complexity and disorderliness of life online encourages many people to seek order in their physical spaces, Dr. Dodgen Magee says. “But then you find when your room or your inbox is organized, your world hasn’t stopped being complex,” she says. At this point, many people decide even more organizing is needed, she says. But this can lead to compulsive (难控制的) tidying and, unavoidably, a sense of failure when you just can’t keep things as neat and orderly as you’d like them to be, she explains.
“The more of a mess our internal world becomes, the more likely we are to grab onto something that gives us this sense of peace,” she says. While a little tidying can be a calming distraction, she says, it’s a temporary bandage, not a cure.
1．What do we know about Kondo’s philosophy
A. It’s based on solid evidence. B. It involves spirit-lifting methods.
C. It’s popular with many people. D. It leads people to recycle unused stuff.
2．What does the example of Einstein serve to show
A. An empty desk is a sign of an empty mind.
B. Orderly workspaces can bring health benefits.
C. An untidy desk can damage working efficiency.
D. Messy environments are likely to encourage creativity.
3．What does Joseph Ferrari say about physical clutter
A. It determines people’s life satisfaction.
B. It contributes to unchecked consumerism.
C. It reflects people’s attachment to technology.
D. It arises from the desire for more possessions.
4．What can be inferred about tidying from the last two paragraphs
A. It can lead to a feeling of frustration. B. It makes people’s world more complex.
C. It can provide lasting peace of mind. D. It works better with the help of technology.
五、【2024年甘肃模拟，阅读C】
Starting to run at 60 has certainly turned my life upside down. I made a bucket list and managed to tick off a few things already. And then I started running.
I heard about a running program in Delhi. It targeted women who had never run before, with the aim of getting non-runners fit enough to run 6 kilometers in 10 weeks.
Despite the painful slowness and my constant out-of-breath state, what emerged from the early morning runs was a definite sense of happiness. At the end of a run, I felt better, happier, and energized. I’d started running because, at my age, I felt I needed to be active, and here I was bursting with energy and getting stronger by the week.
In February this year, I ran my second full marathon and won a gold medal in my category. There was also the silver in my first full marathon and my first half marathon. It’s been a journey of nothing but fun. I run. And I was hooked.
There have been moments of aches and pains, tripping and falling down, but these are nothing compared to the thrill of taking part in your first ever race, at 60. The aches are nothing compared to the energizing rush you get at the end of a run. In the early days, there were also many moments of self-doubt. Those moments were far worse than the occasional aches, but the joy of running quickly outweighed the bad.
Conclusion “Start running” was the best thing to add to my bucket list, and if you haven’t yet done so, please, do it right now.
1. What do we know about the running program in Delhi
A. It aimed to help female non-runners to run.
B. It trained professional runners in 10 weeks.
C. It refused women with no running experience.
D. It required runners to run 6 kilometers every day.
2．Why did the author decide to start running at 60
A. To case her pain. B. To challenge herself.
C. To be more energetic. D. To win medals in marathons.
3．Which word can best describe the author
A. Sensitive. B. Determined. C. Generous. D. Responsible.
4．What’s the author’s purpose in writing the article
A. To describe the importance of keeping fit.
B. To explain why running is good for seniors.
C. To advertise the running program she attends.
D. To share her running experience and promote running.
六、【2024年重庆联考，阅读B】
In 2002, I planned a month-long solo trip to Australia. On my second day on the trail, while crossing a stream, I slipped and I hit my head and then rolled off the side of a waterfall I landed in a reservoir. My clothes were covered in blood and my body had cuts and bruises everywhere. My tour leader climbed down the bank to meet me and asked, "Do you want medical attention "
My mind flashed back to the medical insurance I had booked for the trip. "Emergency helicopter evacuation costs an additional 250,000, "it read. It was out of my range. "I'm OK, "I replied quickly.
After returning home, I went to a hospital. I saw a doctor and did some tests. "Miss Jill Griffin, you've just had a bad concussion (脑震荡) , "he said. Somehow, I maintained a social life, though I was unable to concentrate and felt exhausted easily. I felt a great amount of shame and guilt. I feared what my injury would mean for my job security, so for six years, I didn't tell anyone at work.
At this point, I had advanced to a higher level of leadership in the company. I was no longer asking for permission to have my accommodations met. Instead, I would simply ask people if they could stop swaying their bodies so that we could finish our conversation. Or I'd ask them to please quit shaking their legs, which made me feel dizzy. Or to please stop pounding the conference room table when they wanted to make their point. I clearly explained that these actions created vibrations (震动) that triggered my vestibular disorder (前庭功能紊乱) . It was not easy for people to understand or remember. My entire life changed.
However, I often describe my head injury as a gift. Because of it, I have more compassion, and I have a totally positive outlook on life. I truly hope to live in a society that makes life easier for anyone else who is born with—or acquires—a non-apparent or invisible disability. This all starts with a culture of support, openness and compassion.
1．Why did the author refuse medical attention
A. She couldn't afford it.
B. She wasn't hurt seriously.
C. She had no medical insurance.
D. She wanted to continue on her way.
2．What made the author keep her injury a secret
A. The idea of becoming a boss.
B. The shame of being disabled.
C. The need to maintain a social life.
D. The concern for her job security.
3．What can we infer about the author from paragraph 4
A. She was strict with her staff as a leader.
B. She warned her staff to behave themselves.
C. She didn't hide her disability at work anymore.
D. She found her staff too foolish to understand her.
4．What does the author want to tell us in her story
A. Take head injuries seriously.
B. Give gifts to the disabled as a comfort.
C. Promote the culture of disability around the world.
D. Offer people with invisible disabilities more sympathy.
七、【2024年福建福州三模，阅读B】
Ken Campbell had last attempted running at high school. When his wife, Susan, injured her foot, she needed support to rejoin her running group, so Campbell went along to keep her company and share in the recovery. “We were just walking at the beginning,” he says. “And I was heavy. I weighed over 90kg.” But as the weeks and months passed, the weight fell away, Susan recovered — and Campbell’s abilities grew. At the age of 63, he ran 50km, and at 70, he ran through the night to complete a 100km ultramarathon.
So how does someone with no sporting precedent (先例) become an ultradistance runner in his 60s and 70s Susan had run marathons before her injury. But for Campbell, the turning point came when Susan’s Fleet Feet running group took to the trails in the Sierra Nevada foothills near their home in Citrus Heights, California.
Campbell went out to visit Susan’s group, and “the trails were a terrible mess. It had been raining. And I was running in my road shoes. Slipping and sliding and falling. And I was struggling. I thought, well, I like this a lot but I could do better.”
What he liked above all was the feeling of “being enveloped by the trail, being embraced by the closeness of the vegetation and the nearness of the river. I was walking where Native people had walked for thousands of years and where miners had walked on their way to gold.”
Running the 100km ultramarathon took Campbell 16 hours. When Campbell crossed the finish line at 3am, Susan handed him a 100km sticker to display on the back of his truck. He already had a 50km one on there. “It is a public proclamation (声明) that you are part of this community,” he says. “Wherever we park, I see a line of vehicles with their various stickers and I feel that we area tribe (部落).”
Campbell suffered arthritis before he started running, and is “a candidate for knee replacement”. But for now, he is holding off on surgery. It could put an end to the running — but the “sense of wellbeing and accomplishment will carry me on forever”, he says. “If I can’t run, I will walk.”
1．What enabled Campbell to take up running again
A. He lost weight. B. He trained overnight.
C. His wife accompanied him. D. His wife shared her experience.
2．What did Campbell discover while keeping his wife company on a tail run
A. The joy of being out in the wild. B. The hardships of Native people.
C. The pleasure of gold mining. D. The mysteries of nature.
3．What did the stickers on the back of Campbell’s truck bring him
A. A discount on parking. B. A sense of belonging.
C. An enormous income. D. An honour to his wife.
4．What can we learn about Campbell from the text
A. He’s a determined man. B. He’s a people-pleaser.
C. He is easy to content. D. He is hard to cope with.
八、【2024年河北沧州模拟，阅读B】
A walk-on (临时队员) to the gymnastics team of University of Maryland who earned a full scholarship, Bonnie Bernstein learned more than professional skills during her years of competition. She partially credits her achievements as a sports journalist to life skills she’d learned in the gym: teamwork, patience and comfort with taking risks.
What she didn’t realize until recently was that her experience is far from unique. After coming across a 2018 study by Ernst and Young that found that 94% of female leaders had played sports as kids, Bernstein was inspired to dive deeper into the relationship between women’s sports and professional success. That led to "She Got Game", her Audible Originals podcast (播客) in which she asks 10 women to share how their experience as athletes informed their careers-whether related to sports or not.
"Yes, of course, you probably enjoy all the physical, emotional and community benefits of playing sports, but it’s equally important to be thinking about the long game," says Bernstein. "Even if you’re not a top athlete, you’re still sharpening these critical life skills that are going to prepare you up for success in life." On "She Got Game", guests including former first daughter Chelsea Clinton, Emmy-winning actress Aisha Tyler and Sheila Johnson, the world’s first black female billionaire, describe how the on-your-feet thinking, accountability, passion and leadership skills they developed playing sports helped them succeed in their respective fields. Clinton also recalls how her mom brought orange slices to her soccer team’s games in Arkansas.
Bernstein hopes that the podcast will inspire those who aren’t meant for professional sports-or even college scholarships-to stick with it. "Girls are still exiting sports at higher frequency and earlier age than boys," she says. "This podcast provides parents and coaches who are influencing the lives of these girls with a reason why it’s important to stay and play."
1．What does Bernstein think contributes to her success as a journalist most
A. The companions she met in the gym.
B. The qualities she acquired in the gym.
C. The encouragement of a full scholarship.
D. The achievements she made as a walk-on.
3．What motivated Bernstein to work on the podcast
A. Her unique success. B. Stories of ten successful women.
C. Her experience as a kid. D. The result of a relevant study.
3．What is paragraph 4 of the text mainly about
A. The identity of the guests. B. The benefits of doing sports.
C. The content of the podcast. D. The influence of the podcast.
4．Which of the following can best describe Bernstein
A. Thoughtful. B. Independent. C. Optimistic. D. Generous.
答案以及解析
一、
1．答案：C
解析：词义指代题。根据第一段Given the astonishing potential of AI to transform our lives, we all need to take action to deal with our AI-powered future, and this is where AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence comes in. This absorbing new book by Catriona Campbell is a practical roadmap addressing the challenges posed by the forthcoming AI revolution(变革).(考虑到人工智能改变我们生活的惊人潜力,我们都需要采取行动来应对人工智能驱动的未来,这就是《我的设计:人工智能生活计划》的由来。卡特里奥娜坎贝尔(Catriona Campbell)撰写的这本引人入胜的新书是一本实用的路线图,旨在应对即将到来的人工智能革命带来的挑战。)以及第二段In the wrong hands, such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code (代码) that powers Al but, thankfully, Campbell has more than two decades' professional experience translating the heady into the understandable.(在错误的人手中,这样一本书可能会被证明像驱动人工智能的计算机代码一样复杂,但谢天谢地,坎贝尔有20多年的专业经验,可以将令人兴奋的内容转化为可理解的内容。)可推出In the wrong hands指的是写这种书的人,所以"If written by someone less competent.如果是由不太称职的人写的。"是正确的。故选C。
2．答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段In the wrong hands such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code (代码) that powers AI but, thankfully, Campbell has more than two decades' professional experience translating the heady into the understandable. She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic, making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative and which, by the close, will make you feel almost as smart as AI.(在错误的人手中,这样一本书可能会被证明像驱动人工智能的计算机代码一样复杂,但谢天谢地,坎贝尔有20多年的专业经验,可以将令人兴奋的内容转化为可理解的内容。她从一个商业人士(而非学者)的实际角度出发,撰写了一本非常通俗易懂、内容丰富的指南,读完后会让你觉得自己几乎和人工智能一样聪明。)可知根据文本, AI by Design的特点是它采用了一种接地气的写作风格。故选B。
3．答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段Campbell's point is to wake up those responsible for AI-the technology companies and world leaders-so they are on the same page as all the experts currently developing it. She explains we are at a "tipping point" in history and must act now to prevent an extinction-level event for humanity. We need to consider how we want our future with Al to pan out. Such structured thinking, followed by global regulation, will enable us to achieve greatness rather than our downfall.(坎贝尔的观点是唤醒那些对人工智能负责的人一科技公司和世界领导人一这样他们就能与目前开发人工智能的所有专家站在同一条战线上。她解释说,我们正处于历史的"转折点",现在必须采取行动,防止人类发生灭绝级事件。我们需要考虑我们希望人工智能的未来如何发展。这种结构化的思维,加上全球监管,将使我们走向伟大,而不是走向衰败。)可知关于人工智能的发展，坎贝尔敦促人们，共同努力控制它。故选C。
4．答案：A
解析：目的意图题。根据最后一段AI will affect us all, and if you only read one book on the subject, this is it.(人工智能将影响我们所有人,如果你只读一本关于这个主题的书,那就是这本书。)可知作者写这篇文章的目的是推荐一本关于人工智能的书。故选A。
二、
1．答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中“Lear grew up in an ordinary family in Connecticut, where an unexpected accident brought about his father’s business collapse. So he had to drop out of college and joined the army. In his late 20s, he moved to Los Angeles where he struggled hard for several years, selling furniture door to door. (Lear在康涅狄格州的一个普通家庭长大，一场意外事故导致他父亲的生意破产。所以他不得不从大学退学去参军。在他快三十岁的时候，他搬到了洛杉矶，在那里他努力奋斗了几年，挨家挨户地卖家具)”可知，Lear成长于普通家庭，因父亲生意破产而从大学退学去参军，快三十岁时得靠着卖家具努力挣钱。由此可知，他二十多岁时过着充满挑战的生活。故选A项。
2．答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中“When interviewed about the hit of his shows, Lear said, “Our team read two or three newspapers a day, paid a lot of attention to our families, and came in to talk about everything that was affecting us in our daily lives.” (在被采访到他的节目大受欢迎时，Lear说：“我们的团队每天读两三份报纸，非常关注我们的家庭，并讨论影响我们日常生活的一切事情。”)”可知，Lear的节目创作团队关注报纸上的新闻、自己的家庭、日常生活中的一切。由此可知，他的节目反映了真实的日常生活，这一点有助于节目的成功。故选A项。
3．答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段Marty Kaplan所说的话“Routinely, Lear’s shows might get fifty or sixty million viewers. He was in direct contact with the living rooms and families of the country (Lear的节目通常会吸引五六千万观众。他与这个国家的客厅和家庭直接接触)”可知，Lear创作的节目观众非常多，他与观众建立了紧密的联系。由此推知，Lear因节目而广受欢迎。故选B项。
4．答案：D
解析：推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中“Norman Lear, a genius producer and screenwriter, passed away on Tuesday in Los Angeles at the age of 101. (天才制片人和编剧Norman Lear周二在洛杉矶去世，享年101岁)”可知，文章主要报道了天才制片人和编剧Norman Lear去世的消息，并以此简要回顾了他的生平经历，介绍了他创作的喜剧所取得的巨大成功。因此，文章应该出自新闻报道。故选D项。
三、
1．答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段内容可推知，作者提到了自己的情书，目的是证明手写书信的价值。
2．答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“In our digital era, most of us rarely take the time to share deeply considered thoughts and emotions with the people in our lives. Handwriting captures the writer's emotions, often preserved longer than digital exchanges.”可推知，现代技术的出现降低了交流的情感。
3．答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据第四段内容可推知，作者给母亲手写书信，希望建立起与她的爱意沟通的桥梁，并弥补科技和文化在他们之间造成的裂痕。
4．答案：D
解析：推理判断题。作者意识到手写书信在现代技术的影响下日渐消失，于是开始自己的一项圣诞实验一给亲人们手写书信。通过这个实验，作者明白了在数字化时代，人们通过手写信件可以更深入、更真诚地分享内心的情感和思考。通过亲手书写并赠送情真意切的信件，不仅加深了与家人的感情联系，也对作者自身产生了深远的影响和意义。
四、
1．答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中Judging by the ropularity of her message and method ,Kondo's philosophy satisfies many people's need.(从她的想法和方法的受欢迎程度来看，Kondo的哲学满足了许多人的需求。)可知，Kondo的哲学受到很多人的欢迎。故选C。
2．答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段One 2013 study found that orderly spaces promote healthy choices but also conventional thinking, while working in a messy or disorganized space promotes creativity and new ideas. Einstein, famously, had a very untidy desk and has been quoted as saying, “If a cluttered desk is a sign of a cluttered mind, of what, then, is an empty desk a sign ”"(2013年的一项研究发现，有序的空间会促进健康的选择，但也会促进传统思维，而在凌乱或杂乱无章的空间中工作，则会促进创造力和新想法。众所周知，爱因斯坦有一张非常凌乱的桌子，有人引用他的话说:"如果凌乱的桌子是凌乱的大脑的标志，那么空桌子是什么标志呢 ")可推知，这里用桌子凌乱但拥有巨大创造力的爱因斯坦的例子是为了佐证前面的观点:凌乱的环境有可能促进创造力。故选D。
3．答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中"In this society of abundance we live in, I think the idea that we have to have more makes us less satisfied with life,.(该研究的共同作者JosephFerrari说:"在我们生活的这个富足的社会里，我认为我们必须拥有更多的想法会让我们对生活不满意。问题不在于富足，而在于对富足的依恋。")可知，JosephFerrari认为物理上的杂乱源于人们内心对于富足的依恋，人们渴望拥有更多东西。故选D。
4．答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“But then you find when your room or your inbox is organized, your world hasn’t stopped being complex, (但这可能会导致强迫性的整理，当你不能像你希望的那样保持东西整洁有序时，不可避免地会有一种失败感，她解释说。)可知，科技给世界增加的复杂和无序会引起人们渴望整理，让自己的世界不再复杂，但是这种渴望太过强烈的时候反而容易引起失落，因为有时候事与愿违。由此可知，整理可能会导致挫败感。故选A。
五、
1．答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段“I heard about a running program in Delhi. It targeted women who had never run before, with the aim of getting non-runners fit enough to run 6 kilometers in 10 weeks.(我听说德里有一个跑步项目。它的目标人群是从未跑过步的女性，目标是让不跑步的人在10周内跑完6公里)”可知，德里的跑步项目旨在帮助不跑步的女性跑步。故选A。
2．答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段Despite the painful slowness and my constant out-of-breath state, what emerged from the early morning runs was a definite sense of happiness. At the end of a run, I felt better, happier, and energized. I’d started running because, at my age, I felt I needed to be active, and here I was bursting with energy and getting stronger by the week.(尽管跑得慢得让人痛苦，而且我经常上气不接下气，但清晨跑步带来的却是一种明确的幸福感。在跑步结束时，我感觉更好，更快乐，更有活力。我开始跑步是因为，在我这个年纪，我觉得我需要活跃起来，在这里我充满了能量，一周比一周强壮)可知，作者决定在60岁开始跑步是为了更有活力。故选C。
3．答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“There have been moments of aches and pains, tripping and falling down, but these are nothing compared to the thrill of taking part in your first ever race, at 60. The aches are nothing compared to the energizing rush you get at the end of a run.(有过疼痛、绊倒、摔倒的时候，但这些都比不上60岁第一次参加比赛时的兴奋。与跑步结束后的精力充沛相比，这些疼痛根本不算什么)”可推知，跑步痛苦但是作者还是坚持下来了，说明作者很坚定。故选B。
4．答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段“Start running” was the best thing to add to my bucket list, and if you haven’t yet done so, please, do it right now. (“开始跑步”是我遗愿清单上最好的一件事，如果你还没有这么做，请现在就开始吧)结合文章主要讲述了作者60岁开始跑步来保持活力的经历，建议人们开始跑步。可推知，作者写这篇文章的目的是分享跑步经验，推广跑步。故选D。
六
1．答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段"Emergency helicopter evacuation(撤离) costs an additional $ 250, 000," it read. It was out of my range，("紧急直升机撤离需要额外支付25万美元。"上面写道，这超出了我的承受范围)可知， 作者拒绝医疗救助是因为支付不起费用，故选A 项。
2．答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段I feared what my injury would mean for my job security, so for six years, I didn't tell anyone at work.(我害怕 我的伤势会对我的工作安全造成影响，所以六年来，我没有告诉任何同事)可知，作者将伤势保密 的原因是担心对工作安全造成影响，故选D项。
3．答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据第四段I clearly explained that these actions created vibrations(震动) that triggered my vestibular disorder (我清楚地解释说，这些动作产生的震动会诱发我的前庭功能 紊乱)可推理出作者在工作中已经不再隐瞒自己的残疾，故选C项。
4．答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段However, I often describe my head injury as a gift. Because of it, I have more compassion, and I have a totally positive outlook on life. I truly hope to live in a society that makes life easier for anyone else who is born with — or acquires — a non- apparent or invisible disability. This all starts with a culture of support, openness and compassion.(然而，我经常把我的头部受伤描述 成一份礼物。因为它让我更有同情心，对生活有了 更积极的态度。我真心希望生活在一个能让天生或 后天获得非显性或隐性残疾的人生活更轻松的社会 里。这一切始于一种支持、开放和同情的文化)可推理出，作者通过这个故事希望告诉我们要对患有 非显性残疾的人给予更多同情，故选D项。
七、
1．答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的"And I was heavy. I weighed over 90kg.” But as the weeks and months passed, the weight fell away, Susan recovered — and Campbell’s abilities grew"我很重。我体重超过90公斤。但几周、几个月过去了，体重减轻了苏珊恢复了健康--坎贝尔的能力也增强了。)可知，在陪妻子受伤恢复期间，Campbel减了肥，增加了跑步的能力。故选A。
2．答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的Campbell went out to visit Susan’s group, and “the trails were a terrible mess. It had been raining. And I was running in my road shoes. Slipping and sliding and falling. And I was struggling. I thought, well, I like this a lot but I could do better.”"(坎贝尔去拜访苏珊的旅行团，"小径上一片狼藉。天一直在下雨。我穿着我的路鞋跑步。滑，滑，掉。我很挣扎。我想，嗯，我很喜欢这个，但我可以做得更好。")以及第四段中的What he liked above all was the feeling of “being enveloped by the trail, being embraced by the closeness of the vegetation and the nearness of the river. (他最喜欢的是那种"被小径包围，被茂密的植被和河流所拥抱"的感觉)"可知，在陪伴他妻子在小路上跑步时，他很喜欢小路上的那种感觉。由此推知，Campbell找到了在野外的那种快乐。故选A。
3．答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的"It is a public proclamation (声明) that you are part of this community,” he says. “Wherever we park, I see a line of vehicles with their various stickers and I feel that we area tribe (部落)"("这是一个公开的宣言，表明你是这个社区的一部分，"他说。"无论我们在哪里停车，我都会看到一排贴着各种贴纸的车辆，我觉得我们是部落。")可知，无论Campbell走到哪里，看到这些带有贴纸的车辆，就会感觉到他们的部落。由此可知，见到这些贴纸，Campbell有一种归属感。故选B
4．答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段Campbell suffered arthritis before he started running, and is “a candidate for knee replacement”. But for now, he is holding off on surgery. It could put an end to the running — but the “sense of wellbeing and accomplishment will carry me on forever”, he says. “If I can’t run, I will walk.”"(坎贝尔在开始跑步之前患有关节炎，是"膝关节置换术的候选人"。但现在，他推迟了手术。他说，这可能会结束跑步，但"幸福感和成就感将永远支撑着我"。"如果我不能跑，我就走。")可知，Campbell在开始跑步前患有关节炎，但是他为了跑步推迟手术，这样他觉得是"幸福感和成就感"在支撑着他，由此推知，Campbell是个意志坚定的人。故选A。
八、
1．答案：B
解析：根据第一段中的“She partially credits her achievements as a sports journalist to life skills she'd learned in the gym: teamwork, patience and comfort with taking risks.(她将自己作为一名体育记者所取得的成就部分归功于她在健身房学到的生活技能:团队合作、耐心和冒险的舒适感。)“可知，Bernstein认为她在健身房获得的素质对她作为一名记者的成功贡献最大。故选B。
2．答案：D
解析：根据第二段中的“After coming across a 2018 study by Ernst and Young that found that 94% of female leaders had played sports as kids, Bernstein was inspired to dive deeper into the relationship between women's sports and professional success, That led to “She Got Game", her Audible Originals podcast (播客) in which she asks 10 women to share how their experience as athletes informed their careers-whether related to sports or not.(安永会计师事务所(Ernst and Young)2018年的一项研究发现，94%的女性领导者小时候就参加过体育运动，Bernstein因此受到启发，深入研究女性体育运动与职业成功之间的关系。这导致了她的Audible Originals播客“She Got Game”，她在播客中邀请10名女性分享她们作为运动员的经历如何影响她们的职业生涯，无论是否与体育有关。)可知，2018年的-项研究结果促使Bernstein在播客上工作。故选D,
3．答案：C
解析：根据第四段内容0n“She Got Game", guests including former first daughter Chelsea Clinton, Emmy-winning actress Aisha Tyler and Sheila Johnson, the world's first black female billionaire, describe how the on-your-feet thinking accountability, passion and leadership skills they developed playing sports helped them succeed in their respective fields, Clinton also recalls how her mom brought orange slices to her soccer team's games in Arkansas.(在She Got Game节目中，包括前第一女儿切尔西·克林顿、艾美奖得主女演员艾莎·泰勒和世界上第一位黑人女亿万富翁希拉·约翰逊在内的嘉宾讲述了他们在体育运动中培养的独立思考、责任感、激情和领导技能是如何帮助他们在各自领域取得成功的。克林顿还回忆起她妈妈是如何把桔子片带到阿肯色州的足球队比赛现场的。)可知，第4段主要介绍了播客的内容。故选C。
4．答案：A
解析：本文主要介绍了Bonnie Bernstein从运动生涯中获益颇多，创立了自己的播客，致力于推动更多的女性参与体育运动。由此可知，Bonnie Bernstein是一个体贴周到的人。故选A。

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