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衡阳市第八中学2023-2024学年高一下学期期末考试
英语试题
第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Half of all people will have significant amounts of grey hair by the age of 50．If greying occurs before the age of 30, it is known as premature greying. Possible reasons for this happening:
·genetics
·long-term dieting
·lack of protein and nutrients
·extreme mental and emotional stress
·lack of iron, copper, zinc, and Vitamin B12
“If you color your hair too often with strong chemicals and put them on scalps (头皮) that are still growing, the cells in your hair might get damaged. This can change how melanocytes (生黑色素细胞) work. Because of this, they may stop making color earlier than normal,” says Trichologist and Director of Hari and Scalp Clinic, HairMantra, Dr Padmaja Redekar. She recommends yearly scalp check-ups should be as routine as annual medicals.
“At HairMantra, you will receive expert advice with solutions for your whole lifestyle, products and supplements for your hair problems, and a hair care routine to use at home. Call us today and balance your hair health from the inside out,” Padmaja adds.
1．What is considered a possible reason for grey hair showing up early
A．Occasional dieting.
B．Genetic problems.
C．Extreme physical stress.
D．Insufficient protein and nutrient.
2．What would Dr Padmaja Redekar most likely to recommend
A．Coloring your hair as you wish. B．Changing how melanocytes work.
C．Protecting the cells in your hair earlier. D．Getting your scalp checked every year.
3．Where is the text probably taken from
A．An encyclopedia. B．A healthcare report.
C．An advertisement. D．A medical brochure.
B
In 2017, an earthy bicycle repairer appeared on the stage of the TV show Chinese Poetry Congress.
Wang Haijun, 65 in 2017, was born in Inner Mongolia, and he loved reading since he was little. However, when he was in the fourth grade, Wang had to drop out of school because his father wanted him to herd sheep to make a little bit extra.
From then on, Wang only reads after a day’s work. Romance of the Three Kingdoms and Three Hundred Tang Poems were his favorite books. “There weren’t any bookstores around, so I borrowed them from others. I read them so much that the pages began to tear off.” Later, Wang and his wife moved to Shijiazhuang where he set up a stall and repair bicycles for more family income.
The job is not busy, so Wang has time to read. Once, he heard in a radio program that a disabled girl wrote some excellent poems. Encouraged by the story, Wang began to write his own poems on the back of the package paper of the tires with a pencil. At night, he wrote with a torch in the dark. He even got a small blackboard from the recyclers and put poems on it. He hung the chalkboard in his stall and asked the passers-by to help him improve his poems. If anybody’s advice was adopted, he would buy him or her a bottle of beer.
In 2017, when Wang was invited to Chinese Poetry Congress, he thought “it was a fraud”, because he never imagined that people would appreciate the poems written by a bicycle repairer. “But it turned out to be a great experience reading my poems on the stage.” he said.
After the show, many people came to his stall to discuss poetry with him. “It feels like a dream come true. Poetry belongs to everyone. Even a bicycle repairer like me can still dream about such a poetic life.”
4．What inspired Wang to write poems
A．ATV show. B．Poetry books.
C．His family. D．A radio story.
5．What does the underlined word “fraud” mean in paragraph 5
A．Memory. B．Trick. C．Reward. D．Trouble.
6．Which of the following best describes Wang
A．Creative and helpful. B．Energetic and generous.
C．Optimistic and determined. D．Ambitious and concerned.
7．What can we learn from the story
A．It’s never too late to learn. B．A good book is a good friend.
C．A good beginning is half done. D．Actions speak louder than words.
C
A user could ask ChatGPT to write a computer program or summarize an article, and the AI chatbot would likely be able to produce useful code. However, someone could also ask for instructions to build a gun, and the chatbot might be able to provide those, too.
To prevent this and other safety issues, companies that build large language models typically safeguard them using a process called red-teaming. Teams of human testers write prompts (提示词) aimed at triggering (引发) unsafe text from the model being tested. These prompts are used to teach the chatbot to avoid such responses.
But this only works effectively if engineers know which toxic (有害的) prompts to use. If human testers miss some prompts, which is likely given the number of possibilities, a chatbot regarded as safe might still be capable of producing unsafe answers.
Researchers from Improbable AI Lab at MIT and the MIT-IBM Watson AI Lab used machine learning to improve red-teaming. They developed a technique to train a red-team large language model to automatically create diverse prompts that trigger a wider range of undesirable responses from the chatbot being tested. They do this by teaching the red-team model to be curious when it writes prompts, and to focus on new prompts that trigger toxic responses from the target model.
The technique performed better than human testers and other machine-learning approaches by creating more distinct prompts that triggered increasingly toxic responses. Not only does their method significantly improve the coverage of inputs being tested compared to other automated methods, but it can also draw out toxic responses from a chatbot that had safeguards built into it by human experts.
“Right now, every large language model has to go through a very long period of red-teaming to ensure its safety. That is not going to be sustainable if we want to update these models in rapidly changing environments. Our method provides a faster and more effective way to do this quality assurance,” says Zhang Weihong, a lead author of a paper on this red-teaming approach.
8．What is the purpose of red-teaming
A．To safeguard some large companies.
B．To help build typical language models.
C．To teach AI chatbot to deal with hard work.
D．To prevent AI from causing safety problems.
9．What is the problem of the red-team of human testers
A．It is not as curious as machines.
B．Its language model is much smaller.
C．It often fails to recognize safe prompts.
D．It is likely to miss some toxic prompts.
10．What is paragraph 5 mainly about
A．The working principles of the new technique.
B．Different types of machine-learning approaches.
C．The advantages of the new method of red-teaming.
D．The difference between human testers and machines.
11．What does Zhang Weihong think of the method
A．It takes more time. B．It is updated rapidly.
C．It proves successful. D．It is environmentally friendly.
D
More than 4.85 billion people have access to the Internet. Online, they can find all the information available to humankind and form their own opinion about anything. This has completely changed society. But what disturbs most is the new technological ability of the large number of people to express themselves. It is not free access to information but access to self-expression that changes the world. We are living through an unexpected explosion of authorship.
Thе book Human as Media gives us a vivid picture of this explosion of authorship. Humankind had 300 million authors in 5,000 years of written civilization and, all of a sudden, this number has risen to 4.85 billion in the space of 40 years. Such authorship has given us opportunities to express ourselves freely, but it has also led to thoughtless self - expression.
Social media such as Facebook and Twitter are commonly blamed for creating cultural mess. People can express this or that opinion as they like. But what really matters is that social media provide chances for billions who can reach out to others beyond their physical and social limits. This itself has become an important factor to shape society, regardless of the content. In reality, social media are specifically taking advantage of our desire to “struggle for recognition”. We humans need to feel a sense of being together. So is our thirst for response. Social media provide, or at least offer, responses to even the smallest activities of a user such as likes, posts, and comments. I click, therefore I am.
But with this great service comes great risks. Those self-expressions are exposed to some extent unseen before. Unprepared and unhesitating judgments regarding someone’s personal matters or public affairs increase incredibly. Personal becomes public and public becomes personal.
12．Why does the author mention the book Human as Media in Paragraph 2
A．To explain a rule.
B．To provide a proof.
C．To clarify a concept.
D．To make a prediction.
13．What can we infer about social media
A．They blame humans’ desire for fame.
B．They offer a platform for self-expression.
C．They provide users with different activities.
D．They benefit users by judging them carefully.
14．What is the author’s attitude to self-expressions
A．Unclear. B．Favorable. C．Negative. D．Hopeful.
15．Which of the following could be the best title for the text
A．The Internet encourages self-expression
B．Social media realize online users’ dreams
C．Network mixes personal with public affairs
D．Technologies promote network development
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Risks of Overtraining
Getting in shape and training for an event such as a marathon requires long-lasting and intense physical commitment. 16 But the truth is, sometimes the very acts we do to get healthy can actually push us past our physical limits.
Specifically, overtraining is a set of signs that occur when your body is not able to recover sufficiently before going into your next workout. 17 People tend to ignore them. Over time, the cycle of starting the next training session before allowing recovery causes breakdown of the very parts of the body that you work so hard to build up.
The structures and systems of your body adapt to the demands you have placed on them before the rest time. If your workout slightly goes beyond your current ability, it will adapt toward what you did in a positive way. 18
Two main factors are necessary in recovery: nutrition. and rest. Good nutrition, including water and protein intake, is extremely important, especially within 40 minutes of your workout. 19 Your body uses the nutrients you have given it during the rest time. especially sleep, to strengthen.
One of the best ways to prevent overtraining is to focus on your morning resting heart rate. 20 Generally, you will detect an increase in your heart rate before the other signs show up. Tracking it in a log can be a great way to monitor your recovery.
A．It's easy to measure and track.
B．Allowing time for recovery is also essential.
C．The problem is that they show up very gradually.
D．Below are the signs and symptoms of overtraining.
E．Listening to your body will assure you of your fitness goals.
F．If far beyond, it'll take longer to adapt and may cause injury.
G．We generally assume regular intense exercise good for our health.
第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
While taking a 20-hour train ride along the edge of the Taklimakan Desert in northwestern China, I had the kind of humbling, educational, and above all else, wonderful 21 with a local that all travelers long for. A young Chinese man 22 me on the train. My 23 friend spoke virtually no English, so I happily took the 24 to practice my Chinese.
Over several hours, he would tell me about how he had 25 a two-year professional school to quickly find a job 26 highways in order to help support his family. Perhaps the most 27 , however, was the fact that this man spent hours studying every day after hard physical labor. Without batting an eye, he would 28 a translated Emerson passage before asking about the literary influence of American 29 as a whole. ”And what do you all learn about Russian authors ” I 30 him asking at one point.
It would have been easy to 31 my assumptions about this highway builder who had never been more than a few hundred miles from home. But this highly informed, 32 , and admirable person prevented me doing so. In the course of a couple of hours, he 33 me just how much one can gain from 34 with an open mind, and a willingness to 35 with locals from all walks of life.
21．A．experiment B．encounter C．competition D．appointment
22．A．treated B．saved C．lectured D．approached
23．A．true B．so-called C．new D．long-lost
24．A．chance B．advice C．trouble D．right
25．A．visited B．financed C．attended D．founded
26．A．building B．sweeping C．checking D．guarding
27．A．typical B．obvious C．natural D．remarkable
28．A．publish B．quote C．сорy D．download
29．A．writers B．historians C．workers D．students
30．A．anticipate B．imagine C．recall D．catch
31．A．look into B．rely on C．go over D．deal with
32．A．well-behaved B．multi-skilled C．warm-hearted D．self-educated
33．A．asked B．warned C．showed D．promised
34．A．traveling B．reading C．searching D．teaching
35．A．cooperate B．side C．negotiate D．engage
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个恰当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Heatherwick Studio recently built a greenhouse at the edge of the National Trust’s Woolbeding Gardens. This beautiful structure, named Glasshouse, is at the centre of a new garden that shows how the Silk Road influences English gardens even in modern times.
The latest 36 (engineer) techniques are applied to create this protective 37 (function) structure that is also beautiful. The design features ten steel “sepals (萼片)” made of glass and aluminium (铝). These sepals open on warm days 38 (give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air. In cold weather, the structure stays 39 (close) to protect the plants.
Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse 40 (walk) visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for 41 first time. These plants included modern Western 42 (favourite) such as rosemary, lavender and fennel. The garden also contains a winding path that guides visitors through the twelve regions of the Silk Road. The path offers over 300 plant species for visitors to see, too.
The Glasshouse stands 43 a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route 44 brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the 45 (rich) of gardening in England.
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
假设你是李华，你校近期要举行演讲比赛，请以你的经历写一篇“Music has helped me”为题的演讲稿进行参赛。写作要点如下：1。介绍你所经历的困难；2.音乐对你的影响。
注意：
1.词数应为80左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
第二节（满分25分）
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。Having held the interschool (校际) story tell g championship for the past two years, I was the shining star of my school. When it came to choosing the right candidate (候选人) to participate in such competitions, I was always the first choice. Naturally, I was once again selected to represent my school in the approaching contest this year.
Upon hearing the fact that I was chosen again, my classmates and friends acknowledged that I would undoubtedly be the champion again. Consequently, I became conceited (自负的). I was so proud that I ignored the importance of practicing for the contest.
A week before the contest, my teacher Ms. Sara asked, “Selena, would you like to stand in front of the class to rehearse (排练) for the contest ” She had tutored me in the past two competitions and knew how important practice was. “Just imagine you are on the stage
in the audience,” she added.
“I’m sorry, Ms. Sara,” I replied. “I have a bit of a sore throat.”
This was usually the lie I would tell whenever my teacher requested me to practice in front of the class. I always found excuses to avoid doing it because I believed that I was the best and therefore the practice was unnecessary. On one occasion, I event old Ms. Sara not to worry too much as I was well prepared for the contest. In fact, I did everything but practice my script (讲稿) .I only managed to glance briefly through the story the day before the contest. As the best storyteller among the students of the local secondary schools, I was too vain to practice and expected everything to be fine.
The contest was being held in the local community hall. On the day of the contest, the hall was crowded with people. My schoolteachers and principal were there along with many of my classmates and schoolmates. I was the eighth contestant out of twenty in total. Those who spoke before me did extremely well. On seeing their fascinating and outstanding performance, I began to lose confidence in myself. My palms (手掌) sweated heavily and I started to feel nervous.
1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Soon it was my turn to talk.
Finally, I heard the results announced after the contest and felt sad.
高一英语答案
D
D
3．C
【导语】本文是一篇广告，主要讲述了灰发的可能原因，以及如何预防和治疗灰发的方法。
1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Possible reasons for this happening: ·genetics ·long-term dieting ·lack of protein and nutrients ·extreme mental and emotional stress ·lack of iron, copper, zinc, and Vitamin B12”（可能的原因包括：遗传、长期节食、缺乏蛋白质和营养、极端的精神和情绪压力、缺乏铁、铜、锌和维生素B12）可推知，早期出现灰发的可能原因是蛋白质和营养不足。故选D。
2．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“She recommends yearly scalp check-ups should be as routine as annual medicals.”（她建议每年进行一次头皮检查，就像每年的体检一样。）可推知，Padmaja Redekar博士最有可能推荐的是每年进行一次头皮检查。故选D。
3．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“At HairMantra, you will receive expert advice with solutions for your whole lifestyle, products and supplements for your hair problems, and a hair care routine to use at home. Call us today and balance your hair health from the inside out,” Padmaja adds.（在HairMantra，你将得到专家的建议，解决你的整个生活方式，产品和补充剂解决你的头发问题，以及在家使用的头发护理程序。今天就打电话给我们，从内到外平衡你的头发健康，Padmaja补充道。）可推知，这篇文章可能来自于一个广告。故选C。
4．D 5．B 6．C 7．A
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了王海军，一位65岁的自行车修理工，如何通过自学和不懈的努力，最终登上了《中国诗词大会》的舞台，并实现了他的诗歌梦想。
4．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Once, he heard in a radio program that a disabled girl wrote some excellent poems. Encouraged by the story, Wang began to write his own poems on the back of the package paper of the tires with a pencil. (有一次，他听到广播节目中说一个残疾女孩写了一些非常好的诗。受这个故事的鼓舞，王开始用铅笔在轮胎包装纸的背面写自己的诗。)”可知，他开始写诗是受到了广播中一位残疾女孩的鼓舞，故选D项。
5．词句理解题。在第五段中“because he never imagined that people would appreciate the poems written by a bicycle repairer. (因为他从未想过会有人欣赏一个自行车修理工写的诗)”，描述的是王海军最初对被邀请参加《中国诗词大会》的反应，他认为这是一个骗局，毕竟他自己只是一名普通的修理工。因此，“fraud”在这里的意思是“骗局”，故选B项。
6．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Poetry belongs to everyone. Even a bicycle repairer like me can still dream about such a poetic life. (诗歌属于每个人。即使是像我这样的自行车修理工，仍然可以梦想这样一个诗意的生活。)”及整篇文章可知，王海军虽然是一个自行车修理工，但他对诗歌的热爱和追求，以及他通过自己的努力实现梦想的故事，体现了他的乐观和决心。故选C项。
7．推理判断题。根据第二段“Wang Haijun, 65 in 2017, was born in Inner Mongolia, and he loved reading since he was little. (王海军，2017年时65岁，出生在内蒙古，从小就热爱阅读。)”以及全文可知，通过王海军的故事，我们可以学到，无论年龄多大，无论职业如何，只要有梦想并为之努力，就有可能实现。这与选项A It’s never too late to learn. (活到老，学到老)相呼应，故选A项。
8．D 9．D 10．C 11．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了红队测试的目的、存在的问题以及研究人员如何通过机器学习改进红队测试的方法
8．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“To prevent this and other safety issues, companies that build large language models typically safeguard them using a process called red-teaming.”（为了防止这种和其他安全问题，构建大型语言模型的公司通常使用一种叫做红队测试的过程来保护它们。）可推知，红队测试的目的是防止AI造成安全问题。故选D。
9．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“But this only works effectively if engineers know which toxic (有害的) prompts to use. If human testers miss some prompts, which is likely given the number of possibilities, a chatbot regarded as safe might still be capable of producing unsafe answers.”（但只有在工程师知道该使用哪种有毒提示符的情况下，这种方法才有效。如果人类测试者错过了一些提示(考虑到可能性的数量，这是很可能的)，一个被认为安全的聊天机器人可能仍然有能力给出不安全的答案。）可推知，人类测试者的红队可能会遗漏一些有害的提示符。故选D。
10．主旨大意题。根据文章第五段“Not only does their method significantly improve the coverage of inputs being tested compared to other automated methods, but it can also draw out toxic responses from a chatbot that had safeguards built into it by human experts.”（与其他自动化方法相比，他们的方法不仅显著提高了被测试输入的覆盖率，而且还可以从一个由人类专家内置的安全措施的聊天机器人中得出有害的反应。）可知，第五段主要讲述了新方法的优点。故选C。
11．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“‘Our method provides a faster and more effective way to do this quality assurance,’ says Zhang Weihong, a lead author of a paper on this red-teaming approach.”（“我们的方法提供了一种更快、更有效的方式来进行这种质量保证，”这篇关于红队测试方法的论文的主要作者张伟宏说。）可推知，张伟宏认为这种方法是成功的。故选C。
12．B 13．B 14．C 15．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了互联网鼓励了人们自我表达的现象。
12．推理判断题。根据第二段中“Thе book Human as Media gives us a vivid picture of this explosion of authorship. (Human as Media一书为我们生动地描绘了这种创作热潮。)”可知，作者提到了Human as Media这本书是为这种创作热潮提供证据。故选B项。
13．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Online, they can find all the information available to humankind and form their own opinion about anything. This has completely changed society. But what disturbs most is the new technological ability of the large number of people to express themselves. (在网上，他们可以找到人类可用的所有信息，并对任何事情形成自己的看法。这完全改变了社会。但最令人不安的是，大量的人有了表达自己的新技术能力。)”可知，社交媒体提供了一个自我表达的平台。故选B项。
14．推理判断题。根据最后一段“But with this great service comes great risks. Those self-expressions are exposed to some extent unseen before. Unprepared and unhesitating judgments regarding someone’s personal matters or public affairs increase incredibly. Personal becomes public and public becomes personal. (但这项伟大的服务也伴随着巨大的风险。这些自我表达在某种程度上暴露出来，这是以前从未见过的。对某人的个人事务或公共事务毫无准备和毫不犹豫的判断令人难以置信地增加。个人的变成了公共的，公共的变成了个人的。)”可以推知，作者认为自我表达有巨大的风险，作者对自我表达的态度是消极的。故选C项。
15．主旨大意题。通读全文，根据第一段中“More than 4.85 billion people have access to the Internet. Online, they can find all the information available to humankind and form their own opinion about anything. This has completely changed society. But what disturbs most is the new technological ability of the large number of people to express themselves.(超过48.5亿人可以使用互联网。在网上，他们可以找到人类可用的所有信息，并对任何事情形成自己的看法。这完全改变了社会。但最令人不安的是，大量的人有了表达自己的新技术能力。)”可知，本文主要讲述了互联网鼓励了人们自我表达的现象。A“互联网鼓励自我表达”符合主题，故选A项。
16．G 17．C 18．F 19．B 20．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了过度训练的风险。
16．根据下文“But the truth is, sometimes the very acts we do to get healthy can actually push us past our physical limits.(但事实是，有时我们为了健康而做的事情实际上会让我们超越身体的极限)”可知，选项与下文为转折关系，说明人们关于高强度运动队健康的一般看法。故G选项“我们通常认为有规律的高强度运动对我们的健康有益。”切题。故选G项。
17．根据上文“Specifically, overtraining is a set of signs that occur when your body is not able to recover sufficiently before going into your next workout.(具体来说，过度训练是当你的身体无法在下一次锻炼前充分恢复时出现的一系列迹象)”以及下文“People tend to ignore them.(人们往往会忽略它们)”可知，迹象出现的较为缓慢。故C选项“问题是，它们的出现非常缓慢”切题。故选C项。
18．根据上文“If your workout slightly goes beyond your current ability, it will adapt toward what you did in a positive way.(如果你的锻炼稍微超出了你目前的能力，它会以一种积极的方式适应你所做的)”可知，选项承接上文说明锻炼严重超出了你目前的能力，会导致的结果。故B选项“如果锻炼严重超出了你目前的能力，需要更长的时间来适应，并可能导致受伤。”切题。故选B项。
19．根据下文“Your body uses the nutrients you have given it during the rest time. especially sleep, to strengthen.(你的身体会利用你在休息时间给它的营养，尤其是要加强睡眠)”可知，要给恢复留出时间。故B选项“留出恢复的时间也很重要”切题。故选B项。
20．根据上文“One of the best ways to prevent overtraining is to focus on your morning resting heart rate.(防止过度训练的最好方法之一是关注你的晨间静息心率)”及下文“Generally, you will detect an increase in your heart rate before the other signs show up.(一般来说，在其他迹象出现之前，你会发现心率的增加)”可知，心率很容易测量和跟踪。故A选项“它很容易测量和跟踪”切题。故选A项。
21．B 22．D 23．C 24．A 25．C 26．A 27．D 28．B 29．A 30．C 31．B 32．D 33．C 34．A 35．D
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者一次在火车上偶遇了一个年轻的中国男子，在交谈中发现，年轻人见多识广、自学成才，是一个令人钦佩的人。
21．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我在中国西北部的塔克拉玛干沙漠边缘坐了20个小时的火车时，其间我与一个当地人有了一种谦卑、有教育意义的，最重要的是，美妙的邂逅，这是所有旅行者都渴望的。A. experiment实验；B. encounter邂逅；C. competition比赛；D. appointment任命。根据后文“with a local that all travelers long for”指作者和当地人有了一次美妙的邂逅。故选B。
22．考查动词词义辨析。句意：一位年轻的中国男子在火车上向我走来。A. treated对待；B. saved拯救；C. lectured演讲；D. approached靠近。根据后文“me on the train”以及后文两人交谈，可知一位年轻的中国男子在火车上向作者走来。故选D。
23．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我的新朋友几乎不会说英语，所以我很高兴地抓住这个机会练习我的中文。A. true真的；B. so-called所谓的；C. new新的；D. long-lost很久不见的。根据上文“A young Chinese man”可知，两人是在火车上认识的，所以是新朋友。故选C。
24．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的新朋友几乎不会说英语，所以我很高兴地抓住这个机会练习我的中文。A. chance机会；B. advice建议；C. trouble麻烦；D. right权利。根据后文“to practice my Chinese”可知，作者抓住这个机会练习中文。故选A。
25．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在几个小时里，他会告诉我他是如何参加了一个为期两年的专业学校，以便迅速找到一份工作，修建高速公路，以帮助支持他的家庭。A. visited拜访；B. financed提供资金；C. attended参加，上(学)；D. founded成立。根据后文“a two-year professional school”可知，指这个年轻人去上了一个为期两年的专业学校。故选C。
26．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在几个小时里，他会告诉我他是如何参加了一个为期两年的专业学校，以便迅速找到一份工作，修建高速公路，以帮助支持他的家庭。A. building修建；B. sweeping打扫；C. checking检查；D. guarding守卫。根据后文“highways in order to help support his family”可知，年轻人修建高速公路，以帮助支持他的家庭。故选A。
27．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，也许最值得注意的是这个人每天在辛苦的体力劳动之后花几个小时学习。A. typical典型的；B. obvious显然的；C. natural自然的；D. remarkable引人注目的。根据后文“this man spent hours studying every day after hard physical labor.”可知，这个人每天在辛苦的体力劳动之后花几个小时学习，这是最值得注意的品质。故选D。
28．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他会眼都不眨地引用翻译的爱默生的一段话，然后再询问美国作家对文学的整体影响。A. publish出版；B. quote引用；C. copy复制；D. download下载。根据后文“a translated Emerson passage”指引用翻译的爱默生的一段话，故选B。
29．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他会眼都不眨地引用翻译过的爱默生的一段话，然后再询问美国作家对文学的整体影响。A. writers作者；B. historians历史学家；C. workers工人；D. students学生。根据上文“a translated Emerson passage before asking about the literary influence of American”以及后文“And what do you all learn about Russian authors (你们对俄罗斯作家有什么了解？)”可知，年轻人对美国和俄罗斯的作家感兴趣。故选A。
30．考查动词词义辨析。句意：“你们对俄罗斯作家有什么了解？”我记得他曾经问过。A. anticipate预期；B. imagine想象；C. recall记起；D. catch抓住。根据后文“him asking at one point”可知，作者在回忆年轻人提过的问题。故选C。
31．考查动词短语辨析。句意：对于这位从未离开过家乡几百英里的公路建设者，我很容易凭空想象。A. look into调查；B. rely on依靠；C. go over复习；D. deal with处理。根据后文“my assumptions about this highway builder who had never been more than a few hundred miles from home”可知，年轻人从来没有离开过离家几百英里的地方，因此作者很容易依靠自己的假设对他进行判断。故选B。
32．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但这位见多识广、自学成才、令人钦佩的人阻止了我这么做。A. well-behaved行为端正的；B. multi-skilled多技能的；C. warm-hearted热心的；D. self-educated自学的。呼应上文“this man spent hours studying every day after hard physical labor.(这个人每天在繁重的体力劳动之后花几个小时学习)”，指这个年轻人的自学能力。故选D。
33．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在几个小时的时间里，他向我展示了带着开放的心态旅行，并愿意与来自各行各业的当地人打交道，会有多么大的收获。A. asked询问；B. warned警告；C. showed展示；D. promised承诺。根据后文“me just how much one can gain from”指年轻人通过自己向作者展示了一个人可以从开放的心态和愿意与各行各业的当地人交往中获得多少收获。故选C。
34．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在几个小时的时间里，他向我展示了带着开放的心态旅行，并愿意与来自各行各业的当地人打交道，会有多么大的收获。A. traveling旅行；B. reading阅读；C. searching搜索；D. teaching教学。根据后文“with an open mind, and a willingness to”结合作者当时在乘火车旅行，所以是指带着开放的心态旅行，故选A。
35．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在几个小时的时间里，他向我展示了带着开放的心态旅行，并愿意与来自各行各业的当地人打交道，会有多么大的收获。A. cooperate合作；B. side边；C. negotiate协商；D. engage参与。根据后文“with locals from all walks of life”指和各行各业的当地人打交道，应用短语engage with表示“与……接触”。故选D。
36．engineering 37．functional 38．to give 39．closed 40．walks 41．the 42．favorites 43．as 44．which/that 45．richness
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Heatherwick工作室最近公布的一个新项目——一个位于国家信托基金会伍尔贝丁花园边缘的动态温室，并详细描述了该温室的设计、功能、以及它如何与丝绸之路的历史和丝绸之路花园相结合。
36．考查名词。句意：最新的工程技术被用来创造一个同样美丽的保护功能结构。根据句意可知，空处考查短语engineering techniques，意为“工程技术”，符合句意。故填engineering。
37．考查形容词。句意：最新的工程技术被用来创造一个同样美丽的保护功能结构。空处修饰名词structure，应用形容词作定语functional，符合题意。故填functional。
38．考查非谓语动词。句意：温室在温暖的日子里开放，利用液压系统为内部植物提供阳光和通风。此处作目的状语，应用动词不定式。故填to give。
39．考查形容词。句意：然后在寒冷的天气里，这个结构保持关闭，以保护亚热带植物。空处用于stays之后作表语，应用形容词closed，表示“紧闭的”，符合题意。故填closed。
40．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：此外，围绕温室的丝绸之路花园带领游客走过一段受古丝绸之路影响的旅程。walk sb. through，意为“带领某人穿过……”，空处为本句谓语动词，根据上文可知，本句时态为一般现在时，主语the Silk Route Garden为单数，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填walks。
41．考查冠词。句意：亚洲和欧洲之间的贸易路线第一次为英国带来了丝绸、香料和许多植物。固定搭配：for the first time，意为“第一次”，符合句意。故填the。
42．考查名词的数。句意：这些植物包括现代西方最受喜爱的迷迭香、薰衣草和茴香。favorite是可数名词，意为“特别受喜爱的东西”，根据空后such as rosemary, lavender and fennel可知，空处应用名词的复数形式。故填favorites。
43．考查介词。句意：这座温室是当代设计的巅峰之作，位于追溯丝绸之路的道路尽头，将中国西南的植物容纳其中，将这些植物从亚洲的原生栖息地带到英格兰，定义了英格兰园艺的丰富性。根据句意可知，空处指的是“作为”，应用介词as。故填as。
44．考查定语从句。句意：这座温室是当代设计的巅峰之作，位于追溯丝绸之路的道路尽头，将中国西南的植物容纳其中，将这些植物从亚洲的原生栖息地带到英格兰，定义了英格兰园艺的丰富性。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词design，先行词指物，关系词在定语从句中作主语，用关系代词which或that引导从句。故填which/that。
45．考查名词。句意：这座温室是当代设计的巅峰之作，位于追溯丝绸之路的道路尽头，将中国西南的植物容纳其中，将这些植物从亚洲的原生栖息地带到英格兰，定义了英格兰园艺的丰富性。冠词修饰名词，应用名词形式richness，作介词of的宾语。故填richness。
【点睛】
46．Soon it was my turn to talk. Facing the crowd, I found myself suffering from stage fright. I spoke nervously and even stuttered a few times as I forgot parts of the story. My legs trembled and so did my voice. On seeing my terrible performance, the judges shook their heads. The supporters from my school looked at me in disappointment. I had never been so embarrassed in my life. In the end, I walked off the stage, with my eyes filled with tears.
Finally, I heard the results announced after the contest and felt sad. I did not win any prizes, which was not surprising at all. I felt rather ashamed when I faced my classmates and of course, Ms. Sara. I regretted my foolish behavior. On the following day, I went to visit Ms. Sara and apologized. Ms. Sara held my hands, seriously saying, “It’s OK. But from this, you should learn that pride goes before a fall and that practice makes perfect.” I nodded my head and promised to keep this experience as a life-long reminder.
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者狂妄自大认为自己的演讲已经很好了，在比赛前不练习，当他看到其他优秀的比赛选手后开始担心最终失败的故事。
【详解】1. 段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“很快，轮到我上场了。”可知，第一段可描写作者在演讲中的具体表现。
②由第二段首句内容“最后，比赛结果公布了。”可知，第二段可描写作者听到结果后的心情和吸取到的教训。
2. 续写线索：上场——演讲——结束——公布结果——后悔羞愧——感悟
3. 词汇激活
行为类
①结巴：stammer/speak without fluency
②颤抖：be all of a tremble/shake
③后悔：repent of/regret
④低估：think poorly of/underestimate
情绪类
①尴尬：be embarrassed about/awkward
②羞愧：ashamed/abashed
【点睛】[高分句型1]Facing the crowd, I found myself suffering from stage fright.(现在分词短语作状语)
[高分句型2]I spoke in an expressionless voice and even stuttered a few times as I forgot parts of the story.(as引导的原因状语从句)
[高分句型3]I felt ashamed when I faced my classmates and of course, Ms. Sara.(when引导的时间状语从句)

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