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音标复习
【一】音素、音标的概念
1）音素是记录英语语音的最小单位，英语共48个音素，20个元音，28个辅音。
2）音标是记录音素的符号，现在我们用国际上通用的48个音标来记录英语语音。为了把音标与字母进行区分，常把音标放在[ ]或者/ /里。
音标的分类
3）记录英语音素的48个音标可分为元音和辅音两大类。
元音20：可单独构成音节，必须重读。（重要）
辅音28：不可单独构成音节，轻读或不读。（次要）
【二】元音（20 个）
长元音 /ɑ:/ / :/ / :/ /i:/ /u:/
短元音 / / / / / / / / / / /e/ / /
双元音 /e / /a / / /
/ / /a /
/i / /e / / /
【三】辅音（28个）
轻辅音 /p/ / t/ / k/ /f/ /θ/ /s/
浊辅音 /b/ /d/ /g/ /v/ / / /z/
轻辅音 / / / h/ /ts/ /t / /tr/
浊辅音 / / / r/ /dz/ /d / /dr/
鼻音 /m/ /n/ / /
半元音 / j/ / w/ 边音 / /
双元音速记法：
3个字母音:/e / /a / / /；例：way，why，no
2个单词音:/ / /e /； ear，air
1个狼嚎音:/a /； now
剩 2个/ /: / /； boy/ b /， tour/t /
Let’s play game
A sheep is not a ship! A ship is not a sheep! A worker has bird. Father and mother, mother and father, they give me a hug. A dog is behind the door. Oh, you look so cool!
【四】26个字母的音标及音标发音规则
26个字母的读音
A /ei / B / bi:/ C /si:/ D /di:/ E /i:/ F/ef/ G / d i:/ H / eit∫/ I /a / J /d ei / K / kei/ L/ el/ M /em/ N /en / O/ / P /pi:/ Q / kju:/ R /ɑ:/ S/es/ T /ti:/
U /ju:/ V /vi:/ W /’d blju:/ X /eks/ Y /wa / Z /z i:/或 /zed/
【点拨】
以元音音标读音开头的字母：A E F H I L M N O R S X
an + a, e , f, h, i, l, m, n, o, r, s,x (12个）
a + u,b,c,.....
【例】There is ______ “h” in the word”hour”.
A. a B. an C. the
以上我们可以看出,英语字母中有一些含有共同的元音音素.如:
1)含元音[ei]
字母: ________________________________
音标: [ei] [eit ] [d ei] [kei]
2) 含元音[i:]
字母: ________________________________
音标: [bi:] [si:] [di:] [i:] [di:] [pi:] [ti:] [vi:] [zi:]
3) 含元音[e]
字母: _______________________________
音标: [ef] [el] [em] [en] [es] [eks] [zed]
4) 含元音[ju:]
字母: ________________________________
音标: [ju:] [kju:] [`dblju:]
5) 含元音[ai]
字母: ________________________________
音标: [ai] [wai]
与字母发音相同的单词
如：Bb- Cc- Rr- Tt- Ii-
Oo- Uu- Yy-
同音异形词
如：to/ their/ right/
pair/ four/ know/ sun/
【五】发音规则
辅音字母的读音跟汉语拼音声母的发音一样，辅音字母在英语单词中都有其固定的读音。
长短元音比较
[i:] he [hi:] need [ni:d] meat [mi:t] tea [ti:]
[i] give [giv ] kid [kid] big [big ] fish [fi ]
[e] let [let] rest [rest] red [red] bed [bed ]
[ ] fat [f t] man [m n] have [h v ] bank [b k]
[ ] luck [l k] love [l v] money [m ni] come [k m]
[a:] aunt[a:nt] car [ka:] start[sta:t] laugh [la:f]
[ :] girl [g :1] learn[l :n] work [w :k] murder[＇m :d ]
[ ] today [t ＇dei] teacher [＇ti:t ] forget [f ＇get]
[ ] 　 hot[h t] dog[d g] want [w nt] box [b ks]
[ :] 　your [j :] daughter [＇d :t ] tall [t :] horse [h :s]
[u] 　 look [luk] good [gud] book[bｕk]　cook[kｕk]
[u:] 　food [fu:d] two [tu:]
双元音
[ei]　 baby [＇beibi] wait [＇weit] pay [＇pei] cake [＇keik]
[ai]　 hi [hai] I [ai] like [laik] bike [baik]
[ i] 　boy [b i] voice[v is] avoid[ v id] noisy [n izi]
[au] cow [kau] out [aut] house[haus] now [nau]
[ u] no[n u] hope [h up] go[g u] home[h um]
[i ] 　here[hi ] cheer[t i ] near [ni ] beer[bi ]
[e ] 　where [we ] fair [fe ] there [ ]
[u ] 　poor[pu ] sure[ u ]
辅音
[p] 　 pen [pen] paper [peip ] peace [pi:s] pig [pig]
[b] 　 boss [b s] buy [bai] blue [blu:] bike [baik]
[t]　　tiger[taig ] hurt [h :t] sister[sist ] toe [t u]
[d]　　dead [ded] deaf [def] dame [deim] dance ['dɑ:ns]
[k] 　 kill[kil] clever [klev ] cat [k t]
[g] 　 gay [gei] ghost [g ust] get [get] gift [gift]
[f] 　 film [film] forty [f :ti] fine [fain] wife [waif]
[v] 　 give [giv] love [l v] very [‘veri ] lovely [l vli]
[ ] 　 she [ i:] wash [w ] brush [br ] shoe [ u:]
[ ] 　 decision [disi n] treasure [tre ] pleasure [ple ]
[s]　　some[s m] place[pleis] looks[luks] nice [nais]
[z] 　 zero [zi r u] size [saiz] rose [r uz]
[θ] 　tooth[tu:θ] faith [feiθ] athlete [' θli:t]
[ ]　　they [ ei] with [wi ] their [ ] father [fɑ: ]
[r] 　 write [rait] read [ri:d] right [rait] history [hist ri]
[t ] 　 chinese [t aini:z] children[t ildr n] rich [rit ]
[d ] 　job [d b] large [lɑ:d ] jeep[ i:p]　bridge[bri ]
[tr] 　 try [trai] trust [tr st] true [tru:]
[dr] dress [dres]　dream[dri:m] drum[dr m] drink[dri k]
[ts] 　 parents [p r nts] wants [w nts] cats [k ts]
[dz] 　 fields [fi:ldz] seeds[si:dz] goods[gudz] woods [wudz]
[h] 　 here [hi ] how [hau] help [help] him [him]
[l] 　　look [luk] like [laik] bill [bil] girl [g :1]
[w] 　 when [wen] where [w ] why [wai] what [w t]
[j] 　　yes [jes] year [ji ] you [ju:] yellow [＇jel u]
[m] 　 may [mei] come [k m] meet [mi:t] miss [mis]
[n] 　　fine [fain] name [neim] nice[nais] night [nait]
[ ]　　 bank [b k] thank [θ k] sing [si ] song[s ]
五个元音字母的发音规则
a e i o u
长音 [ei] [i:] [ai] [ u] [u:] [ju:]
例子 make cake gate me he she ice bike kite write no rose so home ruler rule cute use
短音 [ ] [e] [i] [ ] [ ] [u]
例子 bag cat fat dad bed egg pen men him it is box fox sock lot but bus put full
【六】音节及音节的分类
一、音节
音节：音节是说话时最小的语音片段。
1、一个元音可以构成一个音节。
如：i/a /, ear/ /, air/e /等.
2、一个元音和一个辅音或几个辅音结合，可以构成一个音节。这种情况较多。如：he/ hi:/， she/ i:/， war/ w :/， fly/f a /， stand/st nd /, thank/θ k/, bed/bed/等.
3、英语中辅音不响亮，一般不能构成音节。但/m/，/n/， / /，/ /是四个响辅音，它们和某些辅音组合，可以构成一个音节。这种音节往往出现在词尾，不重读。
如：apple/′ p /, season/′si:zn /, reason/′ri:zn /等。
二、音节的分类：
1、单词根据所含音节数目，可以分为：
①单音节词：he/ hi:/， see/si: /, sit/sit /.
②双音节词：morning/′m :ni /, lesson/′ esn /, teacher/′ti:t /.
③多音节词：department/di′pa:tment/, conversation/ k nv ′sei n /.
2、重读音节和非重读音节
在双音节和多音节词中，有一个音节读得特别响亮，这个音节叫做重读音节（一般来说，除了一些复合词外，每个单词只有重读音节），其他不响亮的音节叫做非重读音节。重读音节用重读符号“′”来表示。
①英语双音节词的重读多放在第一个音节上。
如：party /′pa:ti/, study /′st di/.
②有三个或三个以上音节的词叫做多音节词。多音节词的重读一般在倒数第三个音节上。
如：activity / k′tiv ti /, monitor /′m nit /.
[课堂练习]
音标练习A
( ) 1 A. name B. grade C. make D. master
( ) 2 A. seven B. else C. best D. hero
( ) 3 A. tennis B. biology C. slim D. hill
( ) 4 A. modern B. son C. worry D. front
( ) 5 A. ground B. cousin C. sound D. out
( ) 6 A. dream B. sea C. team D. breakfast
( ) 7 A. seventh B. fourth C. thing D. theirs
( ) 8 A. word B. worker C. short D. world
( ) 9 A. food B. noodle C. looks D. room
( )10A. show B. borrow C. know D. town
[课后作业]
音标练习B
（ ）1. A. apple B. bag C. man D. water
（ ）2. A. egg B. guess C. evening D. very
（ ）3. A. radio B. policeman C. listen D. fifty
（ ）4. A. woman B. sorry C. orange D. locker
（ ）5. A. cup B. under C. hundred D. blue
（ ）6. A. ball B. small C. also D. walk
（ ）7. A. father B. their C. them D. think
（ ）8. A. brown B. window C. know D. yellow
（ ）9. A. bear B. pear C. wear D. near
（ ）10. A. cool B. cook C. food D. room
音标练习C
（ ）1.A. map B. many C. have D. family
（ ）2 A. pencil B. pretty C. bedroom D. tennis
（ ）3 A. big B. window C. time D. this
（ ）4 A. only B. mother C. love D. son
（ ）5 A. says B. day C. play D. way
（ ）6 A. star B. art C. quarter D. arm
（ ）7 A. brother B. Math C. birthday D. three
（ ）8 A. which B. what C. where D. who
（ ）9 A. heavy B. weather C. eat D. breakfast
（ ）10 A. word B. short C. born D. horse
阅读理解
A
Come and see the India elephants and the new tigers from Amercia. The bears are waiting to meet you, and the monkeys from China are waiting to throw(扔) things to you. The lovely dogs from Australia are waiting to laugh at you. The giraffes from Brazil are waiting to look down on you. Tickets Grown-up:(成人)$2.00 Children :over 12 $1.00 Under12 Free(免票) Keep the zoo clean! Don’t touch , give good food or go near the animals!Open time 9:00a.m-4:00p.m Except(除)Friday 10:00a.m-3:00p.m
( )56.How many kinds of animals are talked about in the passage A.four B.five C.six D.seven ( )57.Now is Monday 10:00a.m. Mr Smith is in the zoo with his two sons,one is14 and the other is 10 .How much are the tickets together(总共) A.$4.00 B.$2.00 C.$3.00 D.$10.00 ( )58.Which of the following is the visiting time A.8:30am Monday B.9:30am Friday C.3:00p.m Sunday D.5:00pm Tuesday ( )59.From the passage we can guess the animal giraffe must be very ______. A.fat B.long C.strong D.tall ( )60.Which of the following can we do in the zoo A. to give some food to the fish B.to touch the monkey on the head C.to throw things everywhere D.to keep the zoo clean
B
Sam likes eating fish very much. He often buys fish in the shop and takes them home. One day his wife sees the fish and thinks, "Good! Now, I can ask my friends to have lunch and we can eat the fish. They like fish very much."
When Sam comes home from work in the evening, the fish is not there and his wife says, "Oh,your cat eats it." And then she gives him some bread for his supper. Sam is angry (生气). He thinks his wife tells a lie. He takes the cat and his wife to a shop near his house and weighs (称) the cat. Then he turns to his wife and says, "My fish weighs one kilo. The cat weighs one kilo, too. My cat is here, you see, then,where is my fish "
( )61. Which is right according to (根据) the passage
A. Sam doesn't like eating fish at all.
B. Sam often buys some fish for his cat.
C. Sam's cat always eats the fish before he comes back.
D. The friends of Sam's wife eat the fish.
( )62. What does the underlined (下划线) part 'tells a lie' mean in Chinese
A. 狡辩. B. 讲真话. C. 撒谎. D. 开玩笑.
( )63. How much does the cat weigh
A. One kilo B. Two kilos.
C. One and a half kilo. D. Half a kilo.
( )64. Who gets very angry
A. Sam's wife. B. Sam's friends.
C. His wife's friends D. Sam.
( )65.Who eats the fish
A.The cat. B.Sam. C.Sam's wife. D.Sam's wife and her friends.

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