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中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
专题一 字母和语音
知识点1 音素概念及分类
音素：最小的语音单位。音素是声音，不是任何一种书写的形式；有48个音素，元音音素20个，辅音音素28个。
知识点2 音标分类
音标: 是记录音素的符号。为了将音标与字母区分，常把音标放在[ ]或//里。
元音: 发音时声带振动，口腔中气流不受阻碍。共20个元音。可分为
单元音：[i:] [ ] [e] [ ] [ :] [ ]
[ :] [ ] [ɑ:] [ ] [u:] [ ]
双元音：[a ] [ ] [e ] [a ]
[ ] [ ] [e ] [ ]
辅音: 不论声带是否振动，口腔或鼻腔中气流受到阻碍。共28个辅音。
英语国际音标共48个音素，其中元音音素20个，辅音音素28个。
清辅音 [p] [t] [k] [f] [s] [θ]
[ ] [t ] [tr] [ts] [h]
浊辅音 [b] [d] [g] [v] [z] [ ]
[ ] [d ] [dr] [dz] [m] [n]
[ ] [r] [l] [w] [j]
知识点3 字母或者字母组合在单词中的发音
一、元音字母在重读音节中的读音
字母 读音 例词
a 开音节中[e ] name plane Jane baby cake
闭音节中[ ] bag dad hat map black back
e 开音节中 [i :] he these me Chinese
闭音节中 [e] bed let pen desk yes
i 开音节中 [ɑ ] bike drive time nice kite
闭音节中 [ ] fish big drink sit milk swim
o 开音节中 [ u] those close go home no
闭音节中 [D] clock not box shop sock
u 开音节中 [ju:] student excuse duty Tuesday
闭音节中 [Λ] bus cup jump much lunch
二、元音字母组合的发音规律
元音字母组合 发音 例词
ai /e / wait e-mail
au / :/ Autumn August daughter
ea /i:/ /e/ /e / meat, bread, great
ee /i:/ bee
ei /e / weight
ia / / media
ie /a / /i:/ /a / pie piece diet
oa / / boat coat
oi / / oil noise
oo /u:/ / / / / room blood foot
ou /a // / /u:/ touch house soup
ue /u:/ /ju:/ / / blue Tuesday Fluently influence
ui /ju:/ /u:/ fruit suit
三、单元音字母的re音节发音规律
-re音节 发音 例子
are /e / /ɑ:/ fare, glare,are
ere / / /e / here, there
ire /a / fire, hire
ore / :/ store, shore
ure /j / sure, pure
四、双元音字母的r音节发音规律。
双元音字母的r音节
字母组合 发音 例子
air /e / hair, air
eer / / cheer, beer
ear / //e // :/ dear, bear, learn
oor / // :/ poor, door
our /a // :/ our, four
五、辅音字母的发音规律
字母组 读 音 例 词
b [b] bike bus bag
[/] bomb tomb
c [k] cake picture coat music
在 e前或在i/y前 [s] face decide cinema
ch [t∫] much chick rich teacher
[k] school headache chemistry
[∫] machine
-ck [k] cock pocket black knock
d [d] doctor bread hand day
-dge [d ] bridge fridge
dr- [dr] children driver drink
f [f] five four breakfast
-ds [dz] stands floods goods
g [g] bag garden go
在e、i、y前 [d ] orange large German
gh [f] cough enough
[/] light daughter high
gu-、-gue 在非重读音节中 [g] guess league dialogue
[gw] language anguish
h [h] hot head house hand
[/] hour honest
j [d ] jeep jar joke join July
k [k] kind bike skate make
kn- [n] knife know knock
l [l] life milk school tall
m [m] monkey come autumn
-mn [m] autumn column
n [n] not shine ten note
在[k]/ [g]音前 [ ] uncle thank hungry
-ng [ ] morning young wrong
p [p] paper plane pig ship pen
ph [f] elephant photo telephone
q [k] Iraq
qu- [kw] quality quite
r [r] red rubber ruler
s 在词首或清辅音前 [s] sit sleep desk
元音字母间或浊辅音前 [z] music husband
sc- [sk] Scarlet school
[s] muscle science
sh [∫] she fish shirt wash
t 通常情况下 [t] ten letter meet
弱读字母ia 、ie、 io前 [∫] patient nation
tch [t∫] Watch kitchen
th 在通常情况下[θ] thin thirty method
冠词、代词、介词、连词[ ] the these with than
在词尾-the 、-ther中 [ ] Clothes father weather
tr- [tr] tree train country truck
ts [ts] sports parts
v [v] very voice love leave
w [w] week win wake sweet wait
[/] answer two
wh- wh-在字母o前 [w] what when white why
[h] who whose whole
x 重读元音前 [ks] box text exercise
[gz] example exist exact
wr- [r] write
y- [j] yes yard yellow young
z [z] puzzle zero zoo
六、元音与辅音组合的发音规律
字母组合 发音 例词
al / :/ / :l/ talk always
ar /ɑ:/ car garden postcard
aw / :/ draw saw paw
ay /e / /i/ play today Sunday Tuesday
er / :/ / / her herb verb sister
ew /ju:/ /u:/ news, blew, crew
ey /e / /i:/ they hey key
ir / :/ bird shirt skirt
or / :/ / :/ / / short work doctor
ow / / /a / slow cow now how
oy / / boy toy joy
ur / :/ nurse turn purse
七、辅音字母组合的发音规律
th ch wh ng tch
/θ// / Think this /t // k/ Teach Christmas / w// h/ What who / / / g/ Sing English /t / catch
nk sh ck ss tr
/ k / thank / / she / k/ cock /s/ class /tr/ tree
dr tw ph wr kn
/dr/ driver / tw / twelve /f/ photo / r/ write /n/ knife
qu pl pr fr fl
/kw/ question /p / please /pr/ price /fr/ friend /f / fly
br bl sl sw sp
/br/ bring /b / blue /s / slow /sw/ sweet /sp/ sport
sm sn gl gr cl
/sm/ small /sn/ snow /gl/ glass /gr/ green /kl/ class
cr /kr/ cry
【课堂检测】
一、选出下列各组字母中与所给字母含有相同元音音素的字母。
( ) l. T A. J B. C C. F D. R
( ) 2. Q A. K B. U C. V D. B
( ) 3. J A. M B. K C. E D. S
( ) 4. N A. I B. J C. G D. X
( ) 5. Y A. R B. A C. I D. W
二、判断下列每组单词中画线部分的读音是(T)否(F)相同。
( ) l. yellow now ( ) 2. apple cake
( ) 3. mum put ( ) 4. bread seat
( ) 5. look too ( ) 6. house flower
( ) 7. baby my ( ) 8. plane plant
( ) 9. paint say ( ) 10. warm park
( ) 11. class clever ( ) l2. teacher shirt
( ) 13. there father ( ) 14. morning think
( ) 15 which whose
三、选出划线部分发音不同的一项。
( ) 1. A. ruler B. her C. doctor
( )2. A. bear B. dear C. pear
( )3. A. hobby B. OK C. pocket
( )4. A. front B. month C. October
( )5. A.class B. cage C. skate
( )6. A. recorder B. October C. sports
( )7. A. sign B. bike C.habit
( )8. A. moment B. phone C.shop
四、根据音标选出单词。
( )1. /m s/ A. miss B. Mrs
( )2. /g d/ A. great B. good
( )3. /f / A. fish B. fit
( )4. /n t/ A. no B. not
( )5. /nju / A. noon B. new
( )6. /di p/ A. did B. deep
( )7. /d k/ A. duck B. doctor
( )8. /k m/ A. come B. count
( )9. /pi t / A. pig B. peach
( )10. /w n/ A. one B. win
五、选出下列单词的正确音标。
( )1. sit A. /set/ B. /s t/ C. /s t/ D. /s t/
( )2.wear A. /w / B. /wi / C. /wa / D. /we (r)/
( )3. better A. /'bet / B. /'b t / C. /be'tɑ / D. /'bet (r)/
( )4. must A. /ma s/ B. /m s/ C. /m s/ D. /m st/
( )5. but A. /b t/ B. /b t/ C. /b t/ D. /b st/
六、选出画线部分发音与所给音标不同的单词。
( )1. / / A. walk B. water C. no D. talk
( )2. / / A. toy B. joy C. noisy D. snow
( )3. /t/ A. tape B. teacher C. must D. find
( )4. / / A. cup B. busy C. bus D. other
( )5. /ɑ / A. party B. star C. fat D. garden
( )6. / / A. take B. pack C. map D. fat
( )7. /e/ A. egg B. leg C. he D. med
( )8. /a / A. house B. country C. flower D. cow
( )9. /e (r)/ A. pear B. wear C. hear D. hair
( )10. / / A. road B. slow C. close D. house
七、判断画线部分发音是T否F相同。
( )1. but touch
( )2. keep meat
( )3. sign sing
( )4. think them
( )5. sweater headsman
( )6. liked wanted
( )7. look mood
( )8. buses comes
( )9. foot food
( )10. birthday tiger
八、选出画线部分发音不同的单词。
( )1. A. house B. young C.mouse D. cloudy
( )2. A. visitor B. sports C. order D. horse
( )3. A. slow B. window C. throw D. now
( )4. A. over B. teacher C. sister D. term
( )5. A. near B. clear C. hear D. bear
( )6. A. jumped B. looked C. walked D. showed
( )7. A. peaches B. buses C. apples D. boxes
( )8. A. think B.site C. bin D. sing
九、将下列单词按单音节、双音节和多音节进行分类。
1.单音节:
2.双音节:
十、读一读，按音标将下列单词归类
orange each blouse hold head meat rich heavily blow cow read gently
（1）/e/________ ________（2）/ /________ ________
（3）/d /________ ________（4）/t /________ ________
（5）/i /________ ________（6）/a /________ ________
参考答案
一、BBBDC
二、1-5 FFFFF
6-10 TFFTF
11-15 TFTFF
三、1-5BBBCA
6-8.BCC
四、1-5 ABABB
6-10 BAABB
五、BDDDA
六 1-5.CDDBC
6-10.ACBCD
七、1-5FTFFT
6-10FFFFF
八.1-5. CBDDD
6-8DCB
九、单音节： lake mouse nose doll fish way
双音节： doctor music summer heavy baby station address season
多音节：library supermarket beautiful January
十、
（1）head heavily
(2) blow hold
(3)orange gently
(4)each rich
(5)read meat
(6)blouse cow
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