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中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
专题03 形容词和副词
语法知识点讲解
形容词：说明人或事物的特征、性质或状态，常用来修饰n. 或不定代词的词。
形容词的用法和位置
用法 位置 例子
作定语 放n.前，不定代词后 She is a clever girl.
作表语 放系动词后 He is clever.
作宾补 放宾语后，常与make，leave，keep等动词连用 You should keep the door open. （open既是adj.，又是v.）
二．形容词的具体用法
当多个形容词同时修饰一个n.时，应遵循以下顺序：
限定词 + 观点 + 形状adj. (大小，长短，高低等) + 年龄/新旧 + 颜色 + 国籍/地区 + 材料 + n.
（口诀：县官形龄色国材）
e.g. two beautiful large square old black Chinese wooden tables
表长、宽、高、深或年龄的形容词位于n.之后
e.g. It is over six kilometers long. She is ten years old.
某些adj.放在定冠词the之后，变成名词，表示一类人，常见词有good/bad，rich/poor，young/old等
e.g. The young should be polite to the old.
4. 感官动词 smell / look / taste / sound / feel + 形容词
e.g. sound angry / feel well （well在这里是形容词，指“身体好的”）
5. 形容词修饰复合不定代词（如something, anything, everyone等）时要后置
e.g. I have something important to tell you.
6. v-ing型的形容词与v-ed型的形容词
v-ing型的形容词常描述事物； v-ed型的形容词常描述人的感觉
e.g. I have an interesting book. He is interested in the book.
常见类似的v-ing型形容词和v-ed型形容词有：
interesting / interested surprising / surprised
exciting / excited moving / moved
7. 形容词 + enough to do sth 足够......做某事
e.g. The boy is old enough to go to school.
少数adj.（这类词常a-开头）只能作表语，不能作定语，如alone，asleep，awake，alive等
三．易混知识点
alone 和lonely
alone adj. / adv. 表“客观上一个人，独自”，常用作表语，做定语时置于n.后
lonely adj. 表“主观上孤单，寂寞”（作表语时）；含“荒凉”之意（作定语时）
e.g. He lives alone but he doesn’t feel lonely. He visited the lonely island. (lonely 作定语）
ill 和 sick (均可表示“病的，生病的”意思）
ill：表“病的”，只作表语 （ill作定语时，意为“坏的”）
sick：表“生病的”，可作表语和定语
e.g. He was ill/sick yesterday. (两者作表语）
The sick man is his father. (sick作定语，意为“生病的”）
He suffers from ill health. （ill作定语，意为“不好的”）
四．形容词的原级、比较级与最高级
比较级和最高级的构成
类别 构成方法 原级 比较级 最高级
单音节词和少数双音节词 一般直接加-er，-est tall taller tallest
以不发音的e结尾时加-r，-st large larger largest
以辅音字母加y结尾时把y变i，再加-er，-est happy easy happier easier happiest easiest
以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母时，双写最后的辅音字母，再加-er，-est big hot bigger hotter biggest hottest
多音节词和部分双音节词 在原级前加more，most beautiful more beautiful most beautiful
规则变化
不规则变化
good / well—better—best bad / ill—worse—worst
many / much—more—most little—less—least
far—farther/further—farthest/furthest
old—older/elder—oldest/eldest
farther / further
在谈论地点、方向或距离时，两者可互换；但further还有“更多，进一步，稍后，额外”等含义，这时不能与farther互换。
e.g. We must get further information.
older / elder
older 常用于表比较的句型中，意为“较老的，较旧的，年纪较大的”
elder 一般用于比较一家人的年龄长幼，意为“年长的”；当指其他人时，意为“资格老的”
e.g. He is older than you.
He is my elder brother. He is an elder teacher. (资格老的)
（二）形容词原级的用法
(1) 有表示绝对概念的副词very，so，too，enough，quite等修饰时用形容词原级。
e.g. The boy is too young.
(2) A...+ as + 形容词原级 + as + B → A和B一样......
e.g. He is as tall as Tom. = He has the same height as Tom.
（即：the same + n. + as = as + 形容词原级 + as → 与…一样）
the same length as = as long as the same height as = as tall as
the same weight as = as heavy as
(3) A...+ not + as/so + 形容词原级 + as + B → A不如B…
e.g. I am not as/so tall as Mary. = Mary is taller than me.
(4) A...+ 倍数 + as + 形容词原级 + as → A是B的…倍…
e.g. Our school is three times as big as hers.
（三）形容词比较级的用法 （两者比较）
(1) A...+ 形容词比较级 + than + B → A比B更…
e.g. Tom is taller than me. = I am not as tall as Tom.
注意：more + 形容词原级 + than → (升级) …比…更…
e.g. This problem is more important than that one.
less + 形容词原级 + than → (降级) …不如…
e.g. This problem is less important than that one.
Today is less cold than yesterday.
(2) Who / Which + be + 形容词比较级，A or B？ → 两者间选择，“哪一个更…”
e.g. Who is taller, Tom or Tim
(3) the + 形容词比较级 + of the two... → 两者中较…的那个
e.g. This is the bigger of the two apples.
“形容词比较级+ and + 形容词比较级”表“越来越…”，而多音节词和部分双音节词用“more and more
+形容词原级”
e.g. Things are getting better and better.
Our city is becoming more and more beautiful.
“the + 形容词比较级....，the + 形容词比较级......” → 越…就越…
e.g. The older we grow, the poorer our memory will become.
(6) 比较级前可用表示程度的副词“much，even，a bit，a lot，a little，far”等修饰，表“…比…更…得多（一点）”
e.g. His brother is much stronger than him.
（四）形容词最高级的用法 （三者或三者以上的比较）
(1) A + be + the + 形容词最高级 + of/ in.... → 三者或以上人或物的比较
e.g. He is the tallest of the three boys. (he 与boys →同类用of)
He is the tallest student in his class. (he 与class →不同类用in)
... + 形容词比较级 + than any other + n.的单数形式
= ... + 形容词比较级 + than the other + n.的复数形式
= ... + the + 形容词最高级 + 范围
e.g. Shanghai is bigger than any other city in China.
= Shanghai is bigger than the other cities in China.
= Shanghai is the biggest city in China.
(2) one of + the + 形容词最高级 + n.的复数形式 → 最…的…之一
e.g. Our city is one of the cleanest cities in the world.
(3) Which / Who + be + the + 形容词最高级，A, B or C？ → 在三者或以上中进行选择
e.g. Which city is the most beautiful, Beijing, Shanghai or Fuzhou
注意：在同一范围内比较时，须把主体排除在被比较的范围之外。
e.g. China is larger than any other country in Asia.
(同一范围内，只能和其他对象进行比较）
China is larger than any country in Africa.
(在不同范围内，可与其中任一对象进行比较）
形容词最高级前可加序数词，表示“第几最…”
e.g. The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.
Lesson Six
Adverbs
一．定义
副词：说明时间、地点、程度、方式等概念的词，主要用来修饰v.，adj.，其他adv.或整个句子。
二．副词的构成（构成形式主要有两大类）
单词本身是副词 e.g. often，now，always等
由adj.加词尾-ly构成
规则变化 直接加-ly quick-quickly；careful-carefully
以辅音字母+le结尾 去e加y gentle-gently；terrible-terribly
以辅音字母+y结尾 改y为i再加ly easy-easily；happy-happily
不规则变化 good-well；true-truly
可做adj.也可做adv. early-early；hard-hard；late-late
注意：
通常以-ly结尾的单词都是adv.，但有些单词以-ly结尾，却是adj.
e.g. friendly 友好的 lovely可爱的 ugly丑陋的
lively活泼的 lonely孤独的
有些副词具有两种形式，如hard/hardly；high/highly等，但它们表达的含义不同。
e.g. Open your mouth wide. He travels widely.
一般来说，不带-ly的adv.表具体的行为和动作，说明动作或状况有可测量性和可见性；而以-ly结尾的同源adv.所表达的往往是抽象性的行为和状况。
hard和hardly
hard意为“努力地；剧烈地”，是程度adv.；hardly意为“几乎不”，是否定adv.
e.g. We should study hard as students. I can hardly catch up with you.
三．副词的种类
时间副词（多置于句首或句尾，有now, then, today, tomorrow, yesterday, before, ago等）
e.g. I visited him three days ago.
地点副词（可放句尾，也可放句首；若有时间adv.时，多置于时间adv.前）
（有outside, inside, upstairs, here, there, home, away, in, back等）
e.g. Don’t stand outside. She is coming here tomorrow.
（地点adv.和v.连用时不用加介词）
e.g. arrive / get / reach home
on one’s way home/ here/ there 在某人回家/来这里/去那里的路上
方式副词（位置灵活，方式副词大多由“形容词+ly”构成）
well是good的副词，但well指“身体好”时，是形容词。
e.g. He speaks English well. (副词) / I am not feeling very well. (形容词)
由形容词加-ly构成的副词，比较级在词前加more，最高级前加（the）most
e.g. quickly — more quickly — most quickly
频度副词（作状语时放在be动词、助动词和情态动词之后，行为动词之前）
（有always, usually, often, sometimes, hardly, never等）
区别sometimes / sometime / some time / some times
sometimes 指“有时候” sometime 表将来或过去的“某个时候”
some time 指“一段时间” some times = several times 表“几次，几倍”
e.g. Sometimes I go to school by bike.
New students will come to our school sometime next week.
It took me some time to finish reading the book.
Our school is some times larger than theirs.
程度副词（一般放adj.与adv.前，放v.后，有very，quite，rather，too，much，so等）
enough +名词； 形容词/副词 + enough
e.g. enough money; strong/fast enough
very +adj./adv.原级； much +adj./adv.比较级
e.g. Today is very cold. He runs much faster than me.
疑问副词（常用来构成特殊疑问句，置于句首）
（有when, where, why, how, how long, how soon, how often, how far等）
区别how long / how soon/ how often / how far
How long“多久，多长时间”，对一个持续的时间段提问，常用“(for/about)+一段时间”或“since+时间点”回答。
e.g. —How long have you lived in Beijing —(For/About) ten years. / Since ten years ago.
How soon“多快，多久以后”，对一个短暂性动作提问，用于一般将来时的句子中，常用”in+一段时间“回答。
e.g. —How soon will your father come back —He will come back in a week.
How often“多久时间一次”，对频度提问，常用once/twice/three times a week等回答。
e.g. —How often do you play football —Once a week.
How far“多远”，对距离提问。
e.g. —How far is it from here to your home —Only 200 meters away.
关系副词（置于句中，有when, where, why, how等，常用来引导从句）
四．副词的用法及位置
作状语 e.g. The boys quickly ran out of the room.
一些adv.还可作表语和宾语补足语
e.g. Is anybody in (作表语） I saw him out just now. (作宾补）
疑问adv.在句首构成特殊疑问句
e.g. How did you get there When were you born
有些表位置的adv.，若宾语是代词，该adv.应放在代词之后。
e.g. put on your hat —— 可说成 put it on
五．副词的比较等级
副词比较等级的变化规则
adv.的比较等级的构成与adj.基本相同，但adv.最高级前的定冠词the可省略。
规则变化
类别 构成方法 原级 比较级 最高级
单音节词和少数双音节词 一般直接加-er，-est hard harder hardest
以不发音的e结尾时加-r，-st late later latest
以辅音字母加y结尾时把y变i，再加-er，-est early earlier earliest
多音节副词和由“adv.+ly”构成的副词 在原级前加more，most quickly more quickly most quickly
2. 不规则变化
well — better — best badly — worse — worst
little — less — least much — more — most
far — farther/ further — farthest / furthest
副词原级、比较级与最高级的用法
副词原级、比较等级的用法与形容词的基本相同，可参考前面形容词比较等级的相关内容 / adv.最高级前的the常省略。
例题精炼
一、单项选择
1．The boy often spends the whole night on a(n) ________ maths problem.
A．easy B．difficult C．boring D．funny
2．—These flower cakes taste so ________. Can I have some more
—Sure. Here you are.
A．terrible B．nervous C．delicious D．handsome
3．Listen to me carefully! We must obey the traffic rules to keep us ________.
A．safe B．save C．safety D．safely
4．He has ________ to buy a new one.
A．money enough B．enough money C．no D．too much
5．You’d better read today’s newspaper, because there is ________ in it.
A．something interesting B．anything new C．important thing D．nothing special
6．Books are windows to the world. We should read ________ good books as we can.
A．as many B．so many C．too many D．more
7．Qingdu Mountain is very popular and ________ tourists visit it year by year.
A．more and more B．fewer and fewer C．less and less D．more or less
8．—There are more than 1,000 parks and the air is so nice in Shenzhen.
—So it is. It is covered by trees and flowers ________.
A．somewhere B．nowhere C．anywhere D．everywhere
9．Nancy doesn’t need any help. She is ________ to ________ herself (她自己).
A．old enough; dress B．big enough; dress C．enough old; put on D．enough big; put on
10．He did not write _______ though he had _______.
A．careful enough; enough time
B．enough carefully; time enough
C．enough careful, enough time
D．carefully enough; enough time
11．My grandfather is ________ old ________ walk.
A．so; to B．too; to C．to; too D．very; to
12．It’s raining ______. My clothes are all wet(湿的).
A．heavy B．hardly C．hard
13．—It’s time to go home. But where is Bruce
—_________ he is cleaning the classroom. Or he ________ in the school library.
A．May be; maybe B．Maybe; may be C．May be; may be D．Maybe; maybe
14．—Did your father go ________
—No, he stayed at home.
A．somewhere interesting B．anywhere interesting
C．interesting somewhere D．interesting anywhere
15．— Who did it better, Kate or Lily
— I think Kate did _______ Lily.
A．as better as B．as good as C．as well as D．as badly than
16．Paul usually does his homework ________ than his sister.
A．carefully B．more carefully C．most carefully D．careful
二、单词拼写
17．—How is your grandfather
—He is (健康的), thank you.
18．It’s a secret between us. Don’t tell it to anyone .
19．Lesson 7 is (easy) than Lesson 9, but it is not so (interesting) as Lesson 9.
20．I think English is (difficult) than math.
21．Which is the (high) mountain in the world
22．We will have our summer holidays (不久).
23．The playground in our school is big (足够地) to play football.
24．Although he lives , he never feels lonely.
25．Mr. Smith’s son can play soccer r well.
26．—Karen doesn’t come to school today. What’s wrong with her
—I’m not sure. P she is sick and goes to the doctor.
27．Can you run (尽可能快) you can
三、完成句子
28．我很好，谢谢。
I’m , .
29．me, interesting, she, something, told (.)
30．他和他的父亲一样高。
He is as as his father.
31．苏州变得越来越美丽。
Suzhou is becoming .
32．She is the second girl in our class.
她是我们班第二高的女生。
33．早餐之后，我妈妈通常看书并且听音乐。
After breakfast, my mother books and music.
34．我有时在早上念英语。
I in the morning.
35．他的想法和你的完全不同。（完成译句）
His ideas are from yours.
36．请尽快将信寄出去。
Please send the letter .
37．它比平时卖得更便宜。
It sells than usual.
参考答案：
1．B
2．C
3．A
4．B
5．A
6．A
7．A
8．D
9．A
10．D
11．B
12．C
13．B
14．B
15．C
16．B
17．fine/healthy
18．else
19． easier interesting
20．more difficult
21．highest
22．soon
23．enough
24．alone
25．(r)eally
26．(P)erhaps
27． as fast as
28． fine/OK thanks
29．She told me something interesting.
30．tall
31． more and more beautiful
32．tallest
33． usually reads listens to
34． sometimes read English
35．completely different
36． as soon as possible
37．more cheaply
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