资源简介

名词性从句


【知识梳理】
在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句，它在复合句中能充当主语、宾语、表语、同位语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词性从句可分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
What you need is a hammer and some nails. 主语从句
Do you know (that) he has joined the army? 宾语从句
This is where our problem lies. 表语从句
Word came that he got employed in Huawei. 同位语从句

一、引导名词性从句的连接词
名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：
连接词：that, whether, if (不充当从句的任何成分)
连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which
连接副词：when, where, how, why

二、主语从句
主语从句在复合句中充当主语。
That he will succeed is certain.
Whether she will go there made no sense to me.
What she said is not necessarily true.
注意：主语从句放在句首往往显得句子头重脚轻，因此通常借助于it作形式主语，把真正的主语移到句末。
It is certain that he will succeed.
It is not known whether she will go there.
It is reported that there will be a storm this afternoon.

三、表语从句
表语从句放在be动词或者连系动词(remain、seem等) 后，一般结构是“主语+be动词/连系动词+表语从句”。
The problem is that he is also short of money.
That is why she left her hometown in her teens.
The question?remains?whether they will be able to help us.?

四、宾语从句
在句中用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。除谓语动词可跟宾语从句外，介词、以及某些形容词(sure, glad, pleased, certain, afraid, surprised等)的后面也可以带宾语从句。
I want to know whether/ if she still lives there.
Please tell me when he heard the news.
I am not interested in what he is doing. (作介词宾语)
I’m sure he will come tomorrow.
注意：有时候宾语是一个从句，常常借助于it 作形式宾语，而把真正的宾语从句移到后面。
We think it a pity that a man like him should not work harder.
I hate it when people talk with their mouths full.

五、同位语从句
同位语从句一般跟在某些抽象名词后面用来解释该名词的内容，如：news, fact, suggestion, truth, plan, belief, doubt, possibility, idea等。同位语从句通常由that来引导，that一般不可省略。
The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill.
The idea that computers can recognize human voices doesn’t surprise us at all
Word came that the manager himself was coming to inspect them.

六、名词性从句应该注意的几个问题
1.名词性从句中that通常不能省略的三种情况：
1）主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中用that不能省略。
That he failed in the exam made his parents disappointed.
2）宾语从句中that通常可以省略，当谓语动词后跟上两个宾语从句时，引导第二个从句的that不能省略。
Having checked (that) the doors were closed, and that all the lights were off, the boy opened the door to his bedroom.
3）it作形式宾语时，that引导的宾语从句中，that不能省略。
He has made it clear that he would not agree to the plan.

2.名词性从句中that和what的区别：
that引导名词性从句时，在从句中不充当任何句子成分，也没有任何词汇意义；
what引导名词性从句时，在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语。
比较：__________ caused the accident is still a complete mystery.
A. What B. That C. How D. Where
解析：答案是A，what在主语从句中作主语。
_________ the cave was used as a hiding place by the apes has been proved.
A. What B. That C. How D. Where
解析：答案是B， that不充当任何成份，因为句子本身不缺成分。

3.同位语从句与定语从句中that的区别：
同位语从句中that没有词汇意义，只起连接作用，在从句中不充当任何句子成分；定语从句中的关系代词that在从句中充当宾语、主语或表语。
比较：The idea (that) he put forward is wrong. 定语从句，that是关系代词，替代先行词the idea在从句中充当put forward的宾语，可省略。
We expressed the hope that they could come and visit China again. 同位语从句，从句解释了hope的内容。that没有词汇意义，不充当句子成分，不能省略。

4.连接词whether和if的用法区别：
Whether和if都可以引导宾语从句。但在下列情况下，通常用whether，不用if：
1) 在动词不定式之前 I can’t decide whether to stay here.
2) 在whether...or not结构中I want to know whether it’s good news or not.
3) 在介词后 It all depends on whether we can finish it on time.

5.名词性从句的语序
与别的从句一样，名词性从句必须用陈述语序。
You can’t imagine __________ when they received these nice Christmas presents.
A. how they were excited B. how excited they were
C. how excited were they D. they were how excited
解析：答案是B.同时还需注意，从句的引导词必须始终置于句首，how修饰excited。

6.疑问词+ever和no matter+疑问词的区别：
疑问词+ever可以引导名词性从句和让步状语从句。
Whoever breaks the rule must be punished. (名词性从句，做主语)
Whoever breaks the rule, he must be punished.
= No matter who breaks the rule, he must be punished. (让步状语从句，做状语。)
no matter+ 疑问词只能引导让步状语从句。
No matter who breaks the rule, he must be punished.
巩固题：Sarah hopes to become a friend of ___________ shares her interets.
A. anyone B. whomever C. whoever D. no matter who
解析：答案为C. 介词of后面跟的是宾语从句，从句缺主语，所以选whoever，不能用宾格whomever，A选项要改为anyone who.
【典型例题分析】
1. _____ is a fact that Huawei has taken the lead in 5G technology worldwide.
　A. There B. This C. That D. It
答案D。 本句考查的是主语从句。当名词从句在句中作主语时，为避免句子头重脚轻，常用it作形式主语置于句首，而将真正的主语从句放在句尾。
2.－I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.
　－Is that ______ you had a few days off ?
　A. why B. what C. when D. where
答案A。本句考查的是表语从句。根据语境，甲说上周驱车去珠海观看航模展览。乙据此来询问甲这是否是请几天假的原因，故答案是A。
3. Information has been put forward ____ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.
　A. while B. that C when D. as
答案B。本题考查that引导的同位语从句。同位语从句通常由that引导，接在fact, news, promise, possibility, information, doubt, message名词后，用来解释或说明名词的内容。
4. I truly believe ______beauty comes from within.
A. that B. where C. what D. why
答案A。本题考查宾语从句。句意：我很相信美丽源自于内心。从句部分不缺少任何成分，因此用that起到连接作用，也可以省略。
5. A ship in harbor is safe, but that’s not ______ ships are built for.
A. what B. whom C. why D. when
答案A。本句考查的是表语从句。句意：船停放在海港里是很安全的，但这并非建造船的目的。isn’t后跟从句作表语，表语从句中的for后缺少宾语，用what引导，what与for连用，表示目的。
【巩固练习】
1. Our health is ______we make of it — give it attention and it improves; give it none and it weakens.
2. I suspect ______ Emily was lying when she described the incident, for I know her well.
3. The exhibition tells us ______ we should do something to stop air pollution.
4. I want to be liked and loved for __________ I am inside.
5. I’m not sure __________ I can gain any profit from the investment, so I can’t make a definite promise to help.
6. It is generally considered unwise to give a child __________ he or she wants.
7. Exactly ________the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain, but it was probably around 1565.
8. _____we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel.
9. By boat is the only way to get here, which is _______ we arrived.
10. The gold medal will be awarded ___________to wins the first place in the bicycle race.
11. We choose this hotel because the price for a night here is down to $20，half of ________ it used to charge.
12. She asked me ________ I had returned the books to the library or not, and I admitted that I hadn't.
13. It is often the case _________anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.
14. As John Lennon once said, life is ________ happens to you while you are busy making other plans.
15. ________ Li Bai, a great Chinese poet, was born is known to the public, but some won’t accept it.
名词性从句巩固练习答案
1. what. 句意“健康就在于你如何对待它，多给它一点关心，它就善待你；不闻不问，它就亏待你”。 make…of表示“认为、理解”；make much of表示“十分重视”。
2. that. suspect为“怀疑，猜疑”，一般用法为I suspect that…。根据句意：我怀疑Emily在描述这个事件时说谎。
3.that/ why 考查宾语从句。本句考查宾语从句的引导词。宾语从句中不缺少主语和宾语，根据意思：这个展览告诉了我们，我们为什么要停止空气污染/我们停止空气污染。
4. what. 宾语从句却表语。我希望我因为我的内在而被人喜欢、被人爱着.
5. whether/if. 形容词后的宾语从句。“不确定是否会获得。。。。。。”
6. whatever. 给孩子他们想要的一切，whatever.
7. when 考查主语从句。句意：土豆被引进欧洲的确切时间不确定，但是可能是1565年左右。结合句意可知，when引导主语从句，且在从句中作时间状语
8. How句意：我们如何理解事情与我们所感受的有很大关系。根据句意可知，主语从句缺少方式状语，因此选择how。
9. how 考查名词性从句。句意：乘船是到达这里唯一的途径，这就是我们如何到达的。分析which引导的非限定性定语从句可知，后面为表语从句，这里用连接副词how引导表语从句，充当方式状语，表示“如何”。
10. whoever 考查名词性从句连接词。句意：无论谁获得自行车比赛第一名，金牌将授予他。分析句子可知，宾语从句中缺少主语，故用whoever，表示“任何人，无论谁”。
11. what. half?of______it?used?to?charge是$20的同位语从句．所以在该从句charge后缺宾语，half of后也缺宾语，在名词性从句中缺宾语用what
12. whether. 考查宾语从句。根据“…I admitted that I hadn't.”可知书还没还给图书馆，因此此处问是否(whether)已经还了, 且句中出现or not. 句意：她问我是否已将那些书还给了图书馆，我承认没还。
13. that. 句意：通常对于那些心存希望的人来说一切皆有可能。此句中It为形式主语，that从句为真正的主语。
14. what 考查表语从句。句意：正如约翰·列侬曾经说过的一样，当我们正在为生活疲于奔波时，生活已离我们远去。what引导的是一个表语从句，且在表语从句中作主语。
15.where 李白是中国一位伟大的诗人，他的出生地是众所周知的，但有些人不愿接受这一事实。分析句子结构可知，a great Chinese poet做Li Bai的同位语，is前面是主语从句。比较选项只有where符合句意，where在从句中做地点状语。

展开更多......

收起↑