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中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
专题05 被动语态
知识点讲解
被动语态是由“be done”构成，如果有必要强调动作的执行者，动作执行者可以由介词by引出的短语表示。be动词随主语的人称、数、时态和语气的不同而变化。
常见时态的被动语态
时态 主动语态 被动语态 例句
一般现在时 do am/is/are done The classroom is cleaned by us every day.
一般过去时 did was/were done The classroom was cleaned by us yesterday.
一般将来时 will/shall do will/shall be done The classroom will be cleaned soon.
一般过去将来时 would do would be done He said that the classroom would be cleaned by him.
现在进行时 am/is/are doing am/is/are being done The classroom is being cleaned by us now.
过去进行时 was/were doing was/were being done The classroom was being cleaned by us at that time.
现在完成时 has/have done has/have been done The classroom has been cleaned by us already.
过去完成时 had done had been done The room had been cleaned before he went to school.
含情态动词 can/may/must/should do can/may/must/should be done The classroom must be cleaned every day.
二．主动语态变被动语态
（一）主语 + 谓语 + 宾语
“主语 + 谓语 + 宾语”结构中只有一个宾语，变为被动语态时，将宾语变为主语，谓语动词变成相应的被动形式（若主动句中的宾语为人称代词，要将宾格变主格）
e.g.（主动句）We cleaned the room. → （被动句）The room was cleaned (by us).
（二）主语 + 谓语 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语
在这个句型中，谓语动词跟有两个宾语。变成被动语态时，一般将通常指人的间接宾语转化成主语，但有时也可将指物的间接宾语转化成主语：
e.g.（主动句）We gave the student some books. 我们给了这个学生几本书。
→（被动句1）The student was given some books. 这个学生被给了几本书。
→（被动句2）Some books were given to the student. 几本书被给了这个学生。
（注意：用直接宾语作被动语态的主语时，通常要在间接宾语前加上适当的介词(如to, for, of等)，以加强间接宾语的语气。）
（三）主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语
在这个句型中，谓语动词后有一个宾语和一个宾语补足语，变成被动语态时，宾语转化成主语，宾语补足语也随之变为主语补足语：
e.g.（主动句）They kept us waiting for a long time. 他们让我们等了很长时间。
→（被动句）We were kept waiting for a long time. 我们等了很长时间。
注意：有些使役动词和感官动词，如make, let, have, see, hear, watch, notice, observe, listen to等，在主动结构中跟不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语，在变为被动结构时，不定式应加上to。
e.g. He makes the girl stay at home. (主动语态：make sb. do sth.）
→ The girl is made to stay at home. (被动语态：be made to do sth.)
I often see him read English in the morning. (主动语态：see sb. do sth.)
→ He is often seen to read English in the morning. (被动语态：be seen to do sth.)
类似的还有：let sb. do sth. → be let to do sth. hear sb. do sth. → be heard to do sth.
watch sb. do sth. → be watched to do sth.
（四）动词短语构成的被动语态
有些不及物动词后面跟上介词或副词后，变成一个动词短语，相当于一个及物动词，在变为被动语态时，不可丢掉动词短语中的介词或副词。
e.g. We must take good care of these old people.
→ These old people must be taken good care of.
三．主动形式表示被动意义
英语中有些结构形式上是主动的，而表达的意义却是被动的。
1. look, sound, taste, smell等系动词用主动结构表被动意义。
e.g. Uniforms look ugly on us. These cakes taste delicious.
2. open, write, sell, wash等词作不及物动词时，它们的主语为物，可用主动语态表被动意义。
e.g. This kind of pen writes very smoothly.
This kind of shirt sells well here.
3. 在“be worth doing”结构中，doing表被动意义。
e.g. The book is (well) worth reading.
4. want/ need / require + doing = want / need / require + to be done （不定式的被动结构）
e.g. My bike needs repairing. = My bike needs to be repaired.
例题精炼
一、单项选择
1．The tea ________ in China ________ to many different countries and places each year.
A．is made; sent B．made; sent C．made; is sent
2．The two parts ________ by some workers last year.
A．are connected B．were connected C．is connected D．was connected
3．What exciting news! The 2025 World Games ________ in Chengdu.
A．was held B．is held C．will be held
4．Shanghai Disney Resort (度假区) announced that Disneyland and Disneytown ________ closed on Monday and Tuesday because of COVID-19.
A．has been B．will be C．would be D．is
5．—I think it’s more and more important for us to protect our environment.
—I agree with you. Air and water ________ seriously.
A．is polluted B．are polluting C．polluted D．are being polluted
6．—Peter got seriously ________ in the car accident last week.
—Yes, he did. And he is ________ in the hospital now.
A．hurt; being taken good care
B．was hurt; being taken good care of
C．hurt; being taken good care of
D．was hurt; being taken good care
7．The goods ________ when we arrived at the airport.
A．were just unloading B．had just unloaded
C．were just being unloaded D．were just been unloaded
8．A letter by Tom at seven yesterday．
A．is being written B．was written C．was being written D．written
9．Now these magazines ________ in the library for a long time.
A．have kept B．are keeping C．have been kept
10．Different reading spaces ________ in my neighbourhood recently to improve people’s reading environments.
A．have created B．have been created C．created D．were created
11．Some details must not ________.
A．forgot B．be forgetting C．be forgotten
12．The bear ________ to the zoo tomorrow morning.
A．may be send B．may is sent C．may be sent D．is may sent
13．These kinds of pens ________ well. So they ________ out quickly in all the shops.
A．are written; are sold B．write; are sold C．are written; sell D．write; sell
14．—What is mum cooking in the kitchen
—Fish, I guess. How nice it ________!
A．is smelling B．is smelt C．will smell D．smells
15．Your car is very dirty. It needs ________.
A．to wash B．to washing C．be washed D．washing
16．It ________ Jia Ling has become one of the most successful female directors.
A．is turned out B．turns out C．is carried out D．carries out
17．—The window is broken and needs ________.
—I think so. They can hardly keep out the cold now.
A．repairing B．to repair C．repaired D．be repaired
二、单词拼写
18．The students are (要求) to wear school uniforms at school.
19．Mike was p by our headteacher because he broke the school rules.
20．I was (深深感动) by this film which I watched last night.
21．The radio says a wild animal zoo (build) in our city in two years.
22．It is said that some people (send) to Mars in a few years.
23．The medals (present) to the winners as soon as the award music was played.
24．The visitors asked where they (take).
25．In Nanning, the Metro Line 3 (build) now.
26．When so many trees (cut) down, the CO2 in the Earth’s atmosphere is increasing.
27．When being （颁发）with a gold medal, the Chinese athlete couldn’t help crying.
28．The homework has (be) checked twice.
29．The room (look) very clean. It (clean).
30．The story can be (understand) easily.
31．Some pictures must be (colour) with different colours.
32．—Bad luck! My watch doesn’t work well now. —Take it easy. It just needs (repair).
33．—How do you find this kind of pen
—It (write) so well that everyone in our class has each got one.
34．The fish tank needs (clean).
35．The lecture is worth (attend). Please tell John not to be late.
三、完成句子
36．Lily often cleans the windows. （改为被动语态）
The windows often by Lily.
37．昨天李教授给我们做了一个关于濒危动物的讲座。
A lecture on endangered animals to us by professor Li yesterday.
38．Will the workers send the letter to America (改为被动语态)
the letter to America by the workers
39．They said they would plant more trees the next year. (改为被动语态)
He said more trees the next year.
40．She is writing a letter now. (Passive Voice)
41．They were planting trees this time yesterday. (改为被动语态)
Trees them this time yesterday.
42．到目前为止，他们已经筹集了八千美元。
So far, eight thousand dollars by them.
43．我们不应该把父母的建议抛诸脑后。
Parents’ advice left behind by us.
44．这辆自行车坏了，需要被修理。
This bike is broken and it needs .
45．这种杂志上个月已经出版了。（come）
This kind of magazine last month.
46．The police use dogs to find things.
Dogs to find things the police.
参考答案：
1．C
2．B
3．C
4．C
5．D
6．C
7．C
8．C
9．C
10．B
11．C
12．C
13．B
14．D
15．D
16．B
17．A
18．required
19．(p)unished
20． deeply moved
21．is going to be built
22．will be sent
23．would be presented
24．would be taken
25．is being built
26．are being cut
27．presented
28．been
29． looks has been cleaned
30．understood
31．coloured
32．repairing/to be repaired
33．writes
34．cleaning/to be cleaned
35．attending
36． are cleaned
37．was given
38． Will be sent
39． would be planted
40．A letter is being written by her now.
41． were being planted by
42． has been raised
43． shouldn’t be
44．repairing/to be repaired/mending/to be mended/fixing/to be fixed
45．came out
46． are used by
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