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2023-2024学年福建省福州市六校高一（下）期末英语试卷
一、选词填空-句子：本大题共2小题，共15分。
1.
A.sought B.launched C.unfolded D.majority E.in despair F.lacking in G.under construction
(1) He gave up the struggle hopelessly. ______
(2) The bird spread open its wings and flew away. ______
(3) They looked for somewhere to shelter，but failed. ______
(4) At last the organisation started a campaign to protect the river. ______
(5) Though short of experience，Jack made up for it in enthusiasm. ______
(6) In the nursing profession，women are in the largest part of the group. ______
(7) I had to choose another way back home，because the road to my house was being built at the moment. ______
2.
argue admit permit lack spot apologise determine in case（of） run out（of） judge from
（1） ______ difficulty，just call on me.
(1) He is always ______ money before payday.
(2) Beyond ______ ，smoking is harmful to health.
（4） ______ her last letter，she is having a wonderful time.
(3) Someone ______ him leaving the building soon afterwards.
(4) In the lab，don't touch anything without your teacher's ______ .
(5) He made a sincere ______ to me for spilling coffee on my dress.
(6) She gave me a ______ look - the kind that said she would not change her mind.
二、阅读理解：本大题共15小题，共37.5分。
A
Make space in your summer for free fun
You don't have to go to the moon to meet an astronaut．You can do it at the Air and Space Museum on July 16．
Pioneering pilot Amelia Earhart disappeared on a flight around the globe in 1937．But she'll be at the National Air and Space Museum on July 16-the museum's first Family Day of the season-to tell you all about her adventures．（Okay，it's actually an actress pretending to be Earhart．） NASA astronaut Patrick Forrester will be there to answer your questions，too．Come to learn how space exploration changed the world．
Another Family Day event takes place on July 25．At "Discover the Moon Day！" you can steer （驾驶） a robotic rover （a vehicle for exploring the surface of a planet），examine meteorites （陨石） that were found on the moon，see the capsule （太空舱） that took the Apollo 11 astronauts there and back and view photos of the lunar surface using 3-D glasses．
You can create lunar art and take a moon quiz．We'll give you one example：July 20，1969-46 years ago this month．Do you know what happened that day？
National Air and Space Museum
Independence Avenue at Sixth Street SW
Open daily 10 a．m．to 7：30 p．m．through September 1 （with a few early closings at 5：30 p．m．；visit our website for details）．
Family Day programs are from 10 a．m．to 3 p．m．Information specialists are available Monday through Friday from 9 a．m．to 5 p．m．and Saturday from 9 a．m．to 4 p．m．
All ages，but best for age 7 and older．
For more information，call 202-633-2214 or go to www．airandspace．si．edu．
3.What can museum visitors do on July 16？ ______
A. Create lunar art．
B. Step into an unusual capsule．
C. See a movie about Earhart's adventures．
D. Learn about a missing woman pilot's adventures．
4.What do we know about "Discover the Moon Day！"？ ______
A. It includes a moon quiz competition．
B. It's the first Family Day at the museum．
C. It features a famous astronaut's explanations．
D. It gives people first-hand experience of space．
5.What's the closing time for the Family Day programs？ ______
A. 3 p．m． B. 4 p．m． C. 5：30 p．m． D. 7：30 p．m．
B
I didn't quite know what I was looking for when I flew to Mongolia for a term abroad.I just needed something different，far from the late-night libraries of my college town.Most different，I hoped，would be my rural homestay：two weeks in central Mongolia with a family of nomadic（游牧的）herders.
I was studying Mongolian at the time，but still，there was so much I couldn't say or understand.As we walked in the snow behind the goats，my host mom would ask me if I was cold，then giggle （咯咯地笑） and copy a big shiver to make sure I understood.In the evenings，she showed me how to make dumplings with her fingers.My host siblings would talk with me，speaking too fast for me to understand，as we explored the rocks around our tent；I'd listen and nod.
This verbal（言语的） barrier was strangely freeing.In the crowded dining hall at home，meeting new people made me anxious.I'd stay quiet，measuring out my words，struggling for something to say that wouldn't expose me as unfunny or boring.In Mongolia，I couldn't perfect my words.I could only smile，and try out one of the phrases I'd mastered："May I help？""Where is the dog？""Are you tired？"My host family laughed at my pronunciation，at the way I threw up my hands and eyebrows in a frequent gesture of confusion.But in their laughter，I felt safe，unembarrassed.
With my Mongolian family on the grassland，I found a feeling of ease I'd never felt before.We were so different，they and I，and not just in language.Their skin was hardened and darkened by sun；I'd been hidden under hats and sunscreen since birth.My host siblings（兄弟姐妹）grew up drawing water from frozen streams and jogging behind herds of sheep；I spent summers at tennis camp.
For me，these gaps made all the difference.Without shared social measures，I wasted no time wondering how I was measuring up.Only real things-kindness，helpfulness-mattered.
6.Why did the author go to Mongolia for a term abroad？ ______
A. She dreamed of living a nomadic life.
B. She was tired of studying late at night.
C. She had to study Mongolians' normal life.
D. She was collecting information for libraries.
7.What does the underlined word "shiver" in paragraph 2 mean？ ______
A. Hug. B. Smile. C. Attack. D. Shake .
8.How did the author behave at the dining hall in her home country？ ______
A. She felt at ease in the crowd.
B. She usually weighed her words.
C. She asked a lot of funny questions.
D. She often made others laugh with jokes.
9.What did the author learn from her life in Mongolia？ ______
A. You are judged wherever you go.
B. Nature makes humans feel insignificant.
C. Appearance reflects one's standard of life.
D. Being kind is the common social standard.
C
Imagine you found a wallet containing a stranger's contact details but no cash.Would you return it to its owner？Now imagine the same wallet contained a few banknotes.Would that change your response？Does it depend on the amount of money？And how do you think other people would react？
Honesty makes the world go round.Without people trusting in one another，society would fall apart.Honesty is therefore studied academically.Most work in the area，though，takes place under controlled conditions in labs，often featuring（以…为特点）well-off and well-educated Westerners as its subjects.By contrast，Alain Cohn of the University of Michigan and his colleagues have taken such behavioral economics around the world，covering 40 countries，355 cities and more than 17，000 people.
As the team reported this week in Science，Dr Cohn's research assistants entered public buildings.They handed in a wallet to the receptionist，saying they had found it on the street outside.Each wallet contained contact details.Importantly，some wallets also included ＄13.45，while others not.Then，the team simply waited to see who would return the wallet.
In 38 of the 40 countries，the wallets with money were returned more often than those without（51% vs 40%）.In addition，wallets containing a larger sum of money（＄94.15）were even more likely（by about another 10%）to be returned than those with less.
With greater temptation（诱惑），then，comes greater honesty —at least when it comes to lost wallets.Interestingly，though，such honesty is not reflected in people's expectations of others.When surveyed，most of 299 volunteers predicted that the more money in a wallet，the less likely it would be returned.
A certain doubt about the motives of others is probably good for survival.But the warm inner thought of "doing the right thing" is also a powerful motivation.How this altruism developed is much debated—particularly when it extends，as in Dr Cohn's experiments，to strangers whom the altruist has no expectation of ever meeting.Be that as it may，as this study shows，such altruism is real and universal.
10.How is Alain Cohn's research different from the previous？ ______
A. It was carried out in controlled situations.
B. More scientists participated in the research.
C. It covered varied subjects and backgrounds.
D. It took no account of well-educated Westerners.
11.What can we learn from the research？ ______
A. Rate of honesty varies among countries.
B. People prefer returning wallets without money.
C. The less money in a wallet，the higher rate of returning.
D. Wallets with more money are more likely to be given back.
12.What can be inferred from paragraph 5？ ______
A. People are more honest than we expect.
B. People tend to expect honesty from others.
C. More money always means greater honesty.
D. Most people lose honesty facing great temptation.
13.What does the underlined word " altruism" in the last paragraph mean？ ______
A. Doubt of others' motivations. B. Understanding of people's doubt.
C. The motivation for survival. D. Concern for others' needs.
D
The meaning of silence varies among cultural groups.Silences may be thoughtful，or they may be empty when a person has nothing to say.A silence in a conversation may also show stubbornness，uneasiness，or worry.Silence may be viewed by some cultural groups as extremely uncomfortable；therefore attempts may be made to fill every gap（间隙） with conversation.Persons in other cultural groups value silence and view it as necessary for understanding a person's needs.
Many Native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic part of communicating among people，just as some traditional Chinese and Thai persons do.Therefore，when a person from one of these cultures is speaking and suddenly stops，what may be implied（暗示） is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing.In these cultures，silence is a call for reflection.
Other cultures may use silence in other ways，particularly when dealing with conflicts among people or in relationships of people with different amounts of power.For example，Russian，French，and Spanish persons may use silence to show agreement between parties about the topic under discussion.However，Mexicans may use silence when instructions are given by a person in authority rather than be rude to that person by arguing with him or her.In still another use，persons in Asian cultures may view silence as a sign of respect，particularly to an elder or a person in authority.
Nurses and other care-givers need to be aware of the possible meanings of silence when they come across the personal anxiety their patients may be experiencing.Nurses should recognize their own personal and cultural construction of silence so that a patient's silence is not interrupted too early or allowed to go on unnecessarily.A nurse who understands the healing（治愈） value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients from their own and from other cultures.
14.What does the author say about silence in conversations？ ______
A. It implies anger. B. It promotes friendship.
C. It is culture-specific. D. It is content-based.
15.Which of the following people might regard silence as a call for careful thought？ ______
A. The Chinese. B. The French. C. The Mexicans. D. The Russians.
16.What does the author advise nurses to do about silence？ ______
A. Let it continue as the patient pleases.
B. Break it while treating patients.
C. Evaluate its harm to patients.
D. Make use of its healing effects.
17.What may be the best title for the text？ ______
A. Sound and Silence
B. What It Means to Be Silent
C. Silence to Native Americans
D. Speech Is Silver；Silence Is Gold
三、阅读七选五：本大题共5小题，共12.5分。
Florence Nightingale was named after her birthplace,Florence,Italy.When she was almost a year old,she returned with her family to England.
Florence often helped her mother deliver food to the poor and sick.（1） ______ .Her family was shocked because nursing was not a respected profession.
But Florence was determined.She studied books on medicine.Later,she visited hospitals in France,Germany and Ireland and learned everything she could. （2） ______ .
In 1854，Britain was at war with Russia.Florence went to the British hospital in Scutari（now sküdar in Istanbul）and she was shocked.The hospital left men lying on the floor,and rats were running everywhere. （3） ______ .Many soldiers died before receiving help.
The doctors wouldn't listen to Florence because they didn't like the idea of women in army hospitals - until one day 500 unexpected casualties（伤亡者）arrived.（4） ______ .Florence made changes,making sure the men were washed and their injuries were cared for.Every night she would check the patients with her lamp.
When she returned home after the war,a fund had been set up in her honor.Many of the soldiers she had nursed had made contributions.Now she could set up the Nightingale Training School in London.
After years of hard work,Florence Nightingale saw cleaner and more cheerful hospitals. （5） ______ .All of this was because of the "lady with the lamp".
A.Nursing became an honored profession.
B.There was no running water and no heat.
C.She knew she had much to learn about nursing.
D.Florence saw the soldiers' health had improved.
E.As she grew older,she decided to become a nurse.
F.They soon realized that Florence knew what she was doing.
G.Upon returning home,she was an expert on hospital management.
18.A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
19.A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
20.A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
21.A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
22.A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
四、完形填空：本大题共15小题，共15分。
I used to walk around the store with my parents，constantly begging for something.I still remember the （1） ______ of all the bright bags of chips and candies that I asked my mom to buy for me.At that time，I had no real （2） ______ about the value of money.
When I was about twelve years old，my dad always （3） ______ my begging and told me with an angry face， "You can waste all the money you （4） ______ when you have a job." I listened to him，but I never really understood the message he was trying to （5） ______ to me.
I （6） ______ to find a part-time job when I was 18.One day，a young man handed me a flyer （传单），which said at the top "Looking for a summer job？Be a （7） ______ !" I started to think about the money I could make，so I （8） ______ .A few minutes after my application was sent，I got an email from AMS Pools，informing me to have a（n）（ 9） ______ the next day.
After I （10） ______ the training process，I finally started the job.Every afternoon，I worked in the pool，keeping a close watch on the swimming people.I was proud I rescued several drowning children.And I could earn my pocket money with my skill.However，the more money I made，the less I wanted to （11） ______ .Instead of wasting my money on （12） ______ things，I started saving up.As the pay （13） ______ ，so did my understanding of money.I came to （14） ______ that money meant so much more to me because I was the one working for it.Because I value my money，I limit myself to what I buy.I now have 3，300 dollars in my bank （15） ______ .
23.A. photo B. scene C. symbol D. dream
24.A. knowledge B. command C. skill D. technology
25.A. followed B. appreciated C. refused D. accepted
26.A. earn B. spot C. lose D. discover
27.A. announce B. express C. introduce D. admit
28.A. failed B. agreed C. pretended D. decided
29.A. waiter B. secretary C. nurse D. lifeguard
30.A. applied B. quit C. stayed D. stopped
31.A. instruction B. interview C. performance D. flight
32.A. came across B. took over C. gave up D. went through
33.A. eat B. save C. spend D. do
34.A. meaningful B. useless C. important D. necessary
35.A. increased B. remained C. dropped D. floated
36.A. complain B. comment C. regret D. realize
37.A. account B. password C. book D. logo （徽标）
五、语法填空：本大题共1小题，共15分。
38.China's space programme started later than（1） ______ （that）of Russia and the US，but it has made great progress in a short time.China became the third country in the world to（2） ______ （independent）send humans into space in 2003，（3） ______ Yang Liwei successfully orbited Earth in the Shenzhou 5 spacecraft.Then Shenzhou 6 and 7 completed（4） ______ second manned orbit and the first Chinese spacewalk，（5） ______ （follow）by the vehicle Jade Rabbit being sent to the moon to study its surface.On 23 July 2020，Tianwen I（6） ______ （send）by China to explore the surface of Mars.It arrived in February 2021 and then sent back lots of（7） ______ （value）information.And from 2021 to 2022，China completed a number of rocket missions to establish its own space station.In 2022，the launch of the Mengtian module signaled the basic（8） ______ （complete）of the Tiangong Space Station.This modern space station will allow astronauts（9） ______ （conduct）many important experiments，greatly（10） ______ （further）our understanding of the universe.
六、书面表达：本大题共1小题，共25分。
39.假定你是李华，你的美国笔友Jim在了解中国完成世界首次月球背面采样（sampling）的新闻后，发来邮件和你讨论探月话题。请你给他回复邮件，内容包括：
（1）月亮在中国文化中的寓意；
（2）你对人类探月活动的看法。
注意：
（1）词数80左右（开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数）；
（2）可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Jim，
I'm glad to share with you about my strong interest in moon exploration.

Yours，
Li Hua
答案解析
1.（1）E
（2）C
（3）A
（4）B
（5）F
（6）D
（7）G
【解析】（1）考查介词短语。句意：他绝望地放弃了斗争。"hopelessly"的同义词为介词短语"in despair绝望地"，故选E。
（2）考查动词。句意：那只鸟张开翅膀飞走了。"spread open"的同义词为动词"unfolded张开"，描述过去的事情，所以用一般过去时态，故选C。
（3）考查动词。句意：他们想找个地方避难，但没有找到。"looked"的同义词为动词"sought"和for连用表示"寻找"，描述过去的事情，所以用一般过去时态，故选A。
（4）考查动词。句意：最后，该组织发起了一场保护河流的运动。"started"的同义词为"launched发起"，描述过去的事情，所以用一般过去时态，故选B。
（5）考查形容词短语。句意：杰克虽然缺乏经验，但热情弥补了这一点。"short of"的同义词为形容词短语"lacking in缺乏"，故选F。
（6）考查名词。句意：在护理职业中，女性所占比例最大。"largest part of the group."的同义词为名词"majority大多数"，故选D。
（7）考查介词短语。句意：我不得不选择另一条回家的路，因为当时通往我家的路正在修建中。"being built"的同义词为介词短语"under construction在修建中"，故选G。
（1）他绝望地放弃了斗争。
（2）那只鸟张开翅膀飞走了。
（3）他们想找个地方避难，但没有找到。
（4）最后，该组织发起了一场保护河流的运动。
（5）杰克虽然缺乏经验，但热情弥补了这一点。
（6）在护理职业中，女性所占比例最大。
（7）我不得不选择另一条回家的路，因为当时通往我家的路正在修建中。
如何做选词填空
1.根据语法，判断词性
一般的空缺都可以通过其所在的句式结构和句法成分来判断其词性，从而正确的选词，进一步缩小词的选择范围。
2.利用语境，确定词形
当确定了一个单词的词性后，可通过上下文来帮助判断其形式。
2.（1）In case of
（2）running out of
（3）argument
（4）Judging from
（5）spotted
（6）permission
【解析】（1）考查。句意：万一有困难，就来找我。根据句意可知此处为介词短语"in case of万一"，后跟名词，句首单词首字母大写，故填In case of。
（2）考查。句意：他总是在发薪日前就把钱花光了。根据句意可知此处为"run out of用光"，和主语之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词和is构成现在完成时态，故填running out of。
（3）考查。句意：毋庸置疑，吸烟有害健康。根据句意可知此处为不可数名词argue的名词"argument"，构成介词短语beyond argument"毋庸置疑"，故填argument。
（4）考查。句意：从她的上一封信来看，她过得很愉快。根据句意可知此处为"judge from根据……判断"，常用现在分词作状语，句首单词首字母大写，故填Judging from。
（5）考查。句意：不久之后，有人发现他离开了大楼。根据句意可知此处为"spot发现"，描述过去的事情，所以用一般过去时态，故填spotted。
（6）考查。句意：在实验室里，未经老师允许，不要触摸任何东西。根据句意可知此处为permit的名词"permission允许"，作介词的宾语，故填permission。
（7）考查。句意：他因把咖啡洒在我的衣服上而向我真诚道歉。根据句意和前面的不定冠词a，可知此处为apologise的名词单数形式"apology道歉"，作宾语故填apology。
（8）考查。句意：她坚定地看了我一眼——那种表示她不会改变主意的眼神。根据句意可知此处为determine的形容词"determined坚定的"，在定语修饰名词，故填determined。
（1）万一有困难，就来找我。
（2）他他总是在发薪日前就把钱花光了。
（3）毋庸置疑，吸烟有害健康。
（4）从她的上一封信来看，她过得很愉快。
（5）不久之后，有人发现他离开了大楼。
（6）在实验室里，未经老师允许，不要触摸任何东西。
（7）他因把咖啡洒在我的衣服上而向我真诚道歉。
（8）她坚定地看了我一眼——那种表示她不会改变主意的眼神。
如何做选词填空
1.根据语法，判断词性
一般的空缺都可以通过其所在的句式结构和句法成分来判断其词性，从而正确的选词，进一步缩小词的选择范围。
2.利用语境，确定词形
当确定了一个单词的词性后，可通过上下文来帮助判断其形式。
3~5.D、D、A
【解析】1．D．细节理解题．根据第二段中的"Pioneering pilot Amelia Earhart disappeared on a flight"和"on July 16…to tell you all about her adventures"可知，在7月16日博物馆的家庭日活动中，游客可以了解一些关于Earhart这名失踪的女飞行员的历险故事．故选D．
2．D．细节理解题．根据第三段中列举的"发现月球日"活动：steer a robotic rover，examine meteorites，see the capsule和view photos of the lunar surface可知，该活动给人们提供亲身体验太空的机会．故选D．
3．A．细节理解题．根据文章后半部分中的"Family Day programs are from 10 a．m．to 3 p．m．"可知，家庭日活动到下午3点结束．故选A．
本文是应用文．文章是美国国家航空航天博物馆的活动介绍．
阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释．考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点．
6~9.B、D、B、D
【解析】（1）推理判断题。根据第一段的I didn't quite know what I was looking for when I flew to Mongolia for a term abroad.I just needed something different，far from the late-night libraries of my college town.（当我飞往蒙古去国外学习的时候，我并不知道我在寻找什么。我只是需要一些不同的东西，远离我大学城的深夜图书馆）可知，作者去蒙古留学一学期是因为她厌倦了深夜学习。故选B。
（2）词义猜测题。根据第二段的I was studying Mongolian at the time，but still，there was so much I couldn't say or understand.As we walked in the snow behind the goats，my host mom would ask me if I was cold，then giggle （咯咯地笑） and copy a big shiver to make sure I understood.（当时我正在学习蒙古语，但仍然有很多东西我说不出来或听不懂。当我们跟在山羊后面走在雪地里的时候，我的寄宿妈妈问我冷不冷，然后咯咯地笑，并模仿一个大大的……，以确保我明白）可知，因为下雪了天冷而作者不能完全听懂蒙古语，因此寄宿妈妈会做一个发抖的动作问作者冷不冷，则划线词意为：颤抖。A.Hug拥抱；B.Smile微笑；C.Attack攻击；D.Shake 颤抖。故选D。
（3）推理判断题。根据第三段的In the crowded dining hall at home，meeting new people made me anxious.I'd stay quiet，measuring out my words，struggling for something to say that wouldn't expose me as unfunny or boring.（在国内拥挤的食堂里，结识新朋友让我感到焦虑。我会保持安静，掂量着自己的用词，挣扎着想说点什么，这样才不会让人觉得我无趣或无聊）可知，作者在国内的食堂里经常斟酌用词以避免说话的无趣。故选B。
（4）推理判断题。根据最后一段的For me，these gaps made all the difference.Without shared social measures，I wasted no time wondering how I was measuring up.Only real things-kindness，helpfulness-mattered.（对我来说，这些差距让一切变得不同。没有共同的社交衡量标准，我没有浪费时间去想我是如何衡量的。只有真正的东西——善良，乐于助人——才是重要的）可知，作者从她在蒙古的生活中感悟到善良是共同的社会准则，不分国度。故选D。
这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在蒙古留学的经历，她发现与游牧家庭相处时，语言不再是障碍，善良和真诚才是重要的社会标准。
一、速读全文，了解大意知主题。
阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力，考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质。
二、看题干，带着问题读文章。
首先要掌握问题的类型，客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案；而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调等，这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次，了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位。此法加强了阅读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率。
三、逻辑推理，做好深层理解题。
在实际阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，阅读者要根据字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓义。要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理，不能就事论事，以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有：infer，imply，suggest，indicate等。
四、猜词悟义，扫除阅读拦路虎。
猜词是应用英语的重要能力。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会"顺藤摸瓜"，通过构词，语法，定义，同位，对比，因果，常识，上下文等线索确定词义。
10~13.C、D、A、D
【解析】（1）推理判断题。根据第二段Most work in the area，though，takes place under controlled conditions in labs，often featuring（以…为特点）well-off and well-educated Westerners as its subjects.By contrast Alain Cohn of the University of Michigan and his colleagues have taken such behavioral economics around the world，covering 40 countries，355 cities and more than 17，000 people.（不过，该领域的大多数研究都是在实验室可控的条件下进行的，研究对象往往是富裕且受过良好教育的西方人。相比之下，密歇根大学的阿兰 科恩和他的同事将这种行为经济学带到世界各地，覆盖了40个国家、355个城市和超过17000人。）可知，Alain Cohn的研究与以往不同，他的研究涵盖了不同的对象和背景，故选C。
（2）推理判断题。根据第四段In 38 of the 40 countries，the wallets with money were returned more often than those without （51% vs 40%）.In addition，wallets containing a larger sum of money（﹩94.15）were even more likely（by about another 10%） to be returned than those with less.（在40个国家中，有38个国家有钱的钱包被返还的频率高于那些没有钱的钱包（分别为51%和40%）。此外，钱较多的钱包（94.15美元）比那些没有那么多钱的钱包更有可能被退还（差距约10%）。）可知，研究表明，钱包里的钱越多就越有可能被归还，故选 D。
（3）推理判断题。根据第五段With greater temptation（诱惑），then，comes greater honesty—at least when it comes to lost wallets.Interestingly，though，such honesty is not reflected in people's expectations of others.（那么，越有诱惑越有诚信--至少对遗失的钱包来说是这样。然而，有趣的是，这种诚实并没有反映在人们对他人的期望中。）可知，从第五段得知人们比我们想象得更诚实，故选A。
（4）猜测词义题。根据最后一段A certain doubt about the motives of others is probably good for survival.But the warm inner thought of "doing the right thing" is also a powerful motivation.How this altruism developed is much debated—particularly when it extends，as in Dr Cohn's experiments，to strangers whom the altruist has no expectation of ever meeting（对别人的动机有一定的怀疑，大概对生存有好处。但"做正确的事"这种温暖的内心想法也是一种强大的动力。这种_____是如何发展的备受争议——特别是当它延伸到利他主义者不期望会遇到的陌生人身上时，就像科恩博士的实验一样）可知altruism的意思是"关心他人的需求"。A.Doubt of others' motivations.对他人动机的怀疑；B.Understanding of people's doubt.理解人们的疑惑；C.The motivation for survival.生存的动力；D.Concern for others' needs.关心他人的需求。故选D。
本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了Alain Cohn博士进行了一项用金钱参与的研究，试图探测不同人的诚实度。研究表明，人们的诚实是真实而普遍的。
一、速读全文，了解大意知主题。
阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力，考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质。
二、看题干，带着问题读文章。
首先要掌握问题的类型，客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案；而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调等，这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次，了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位。此法加强了阅读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率。
三、逻辑推理，做好深层理解题。
在实际阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，阅读者要根据字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓义。要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理，不能就事论事，以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有：infer，imply，suggest，indicate等。
四、猜词悟义，扫除阅读拦路虎。
猜词是应用英语的重要能力。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会"顺藤摸瓜"，通过构词，语法，定义，同位，对比，因果，常识，上下文等线索确定词义。
14~17.C、A、D、B
【解析】（1）C.细节理解题。根据第一段The meaning of silence varies among cultural groups.A silence in a conversation may also show stubbornness，uneasiness，or worry.沉默的含义因文化群体而异，交谈中的沉默也可能表示固执、不安或担忧。可知，作者认为谈话中的沉默是有文化特性的，故选C。
（2）A.细节理解题。根据第二段Many Native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic part of communicating among people，just as some traditional Chinese and Thai persons do.Therefore，when a person from one of these cultures is speaking and suddenly stops，what may be implied（暗示） is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing.许多印第安人珍视沉默，认为这是人与人之间交流的基本组成部分，就像一些传统的中国人和泰国人一样。因此，当一个来自其中一种文化的人说话时突然停下来，暗示说话者想要倾听者在继续之前思考一下所说过的话。可知，中国人认为谈话时人们沉默是为了让别人思考，故选A。
（3）D.推理判断题。根据最后一段A nurse who understands the healing value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients.了解沉默的治疗价值的护士可以利用这种了解来帮助护理病人。可知，作者建议护士要用沉默来治疗病人，故选D。
（4）B.标题归纳题。根据第一段The meaning of silence varies among cultural groups.沉默的含义因文化群体而异。以及先问介绍了在不同文化背景下谈话期间的沉默的不同含义。所以短文的最佳标题是B.What It Means to Be Silent"沉默意味着什么"，故选B。
本文是一篇健康环保类阅读，主要介绍了沉默在不同文化背景下的不同内涵。
做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。
18~22.E、G、B、F、A
【解析】（1）E．推理判断题。根据后文 Her family was shocked because nursing was not a respected profession （职业）．可知她的家人感到震惊，因为护理不是一个受人尊敬的职业。E项：As she grew older,she decided to become a nurse.随着年龄的增长，她决定成为一名护士。符合文意，故选E．
（2）G．细节理解题。根据前文She studied books on medicine.Later,she visited hospitals in France,Germany and Ireland and learned everything she could.可知她研究了医学方面的书籍．后来，她访问了法国、德国和爱尔兰的医院，并学到了她所能学到的一切。G项：Upon returning home,she was an expert on hospital management.回家后，她是医院管理方面的专家。符合文意，故选G．
（3）B．推理判断题。根据前文The hospital left men lying on the floor,and rats were running everywhere.可知医院里的人躺在地板上，老鼠四处奔跑。由此可知，此处介绍了医院的环境。B项：There was no running water and no heat.没有自来水也没有暖气。符合文意，故选B．
（4）F．联系上文题。根据前文The doctors wouldn't listen to Florence because they didn't like the idea of women in army hospitals-until one day 500 unexpected casualties （伤亡者） arrived.可知医生们不听佛罗伦萨的话，因为他们不喜欢军队医院里的女性观念，直到有一天有500人意外死亡。F项：他们很快意识到佛罗伦萨可以伸出援助之手。符合文意，故选F．
（5）A．推理判断题。根据前文After years of hard work,Florence Nightingale saw cleaner and more cheerful hospitals.可知经过多年的努力，弗洛伦斯 南丁格尔看到了更清洁、更愉快的医院。A项：Nursing became an honored profession.护理成为一个光荣的职业。符合文意，故选A．
本文是一篇选句填空，文章主要介绍了弗洛伦斯 南丁格尔经常帮助母亲送食物给穷人和病人，从而引导她决心成为一名护士。听到这个消息，她的家人很震惊，应为护理不是一个受人尊重的职业。最后弗洛伦斯 南丁格尔向世人证明了，护士是一个光荣的职业。
七选五题型看似简单，实际上有时完全做对并不容易，需要方法和分析能力及足够的耐力，有必要进行专门练习。首先，快速浏览一遍七个备选答案，先确定哪个选项适合放在文章的什么位置；其次，快速浏览文章，确定文章体裁，抓住文章结构，分析篇章结构，找出各段的主题句或主旨大意；其三，注意各选项中出现的句子衔接手段，寻找句中衔接标志词，七选五备选答案中有两个多余的选项，会对文章中两个空的选择构成干扰，这时要特别细致地比对相似选项；最后，用代入法，检查答案是否合理，将所有选择答案放回空白处，通读全文，检查文章内容是否语义连贯合理、紧扣主题，语篇结构是否通顺连贯、具有一致性、合乎逻辑，写作思路是否清晰明了，格式以及用语是否恰当贴切，从而判断选择的答案是否正确。
23~37.B、A、C、A、B、D、D、A、B、D、C、B、A、D、A
【解析】（1）考查名词及语境理解。A.photo照片；B.scene场景，情景；C.symbol象征；D.dream梦想。句意：我仍然记得我要妈妈给我买那些鲜艳的袋装的炸薯条和糖果的场景。根据上文"I used to walk around the store with my parents，constantly begging for something."可知，作者总是让父母给他买东西，此处指作者仍然记着缠着父母买东西的场景。故选B。
（2）考查名词及语境理解。A.knowledge知识，了解；B.command命令，控制；C.skill技能；D.technology技术。句意：那时候，还没有真正认识到金钱的价值。根据下文"When I was about twelve years old，my dad always（3）my begging and told me with an angry face， 'You can waste all the money you（4）when you have a job.' I listened to him，but I never really understood the message he was trying to（5）to me."以及下文"I came to（14）that money meant so much more to me because I was the one working for it. "可知，那时候作者并不真正了解金钱的价值。固定搭配have knowledge about something意为"了解……"。故选A。
（3）考查动词及语境理解。A.followed跟随；B.appreciated欣赏；C.refused拒绝；D.accepted 接受。句意：当我大约十二岁时，我父亲总是拒绝我的乞求，并生气地对我说："当你工作时，你可以浪费你挣来的所有钱。"根据下文"told me with an angry face"可知，父亲对我总是要钱买东西很生气，所以他应是拒绝作者买东西的请求。故选C。
（4）考查动词及语境理解。A.earn赚取；B.spot发现，注意到；C.lose丢失；D.discover发现。句意：当我大约十二岁时，我父亲总是拒绝我的乞求，并生气地对我说："当你工作时，你可以浪费你挣来的所有钱。"结合空前"You can waste all the money"以及空后"when you have a job"可知，父亲说的是作者自己工作时赚的钱。earn money意为"赚钱"。故选A。
（5）考查动词及语境理解。A.announce宣布；B.express表达；C.introduce介绍；D.admit承认。句意：我听了他的话，但我从没有真正地理解他试图表达给我的信息。"he was trying to（5）to me"是省略了关系代词的限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the message，在从句中作宾语。结合前文"I listened to him，but I never understood the message"可知，尽管听了父亲的话，但是并不能理解父亲所说的话要表达的信息。故选B。
（6）考查动词及语境理解。A.failed失败；B.agreed同意；C.pretended假装；D.decided决定。句意：18岁时，我决定找一份兼职工作。根据下文"I started to think about the money I could make，so I（8）.A few minutes after my application was sent，I got an email from AMS Pools，informing me to have a（n）（9）the next day."可知，作者决定做兼职赚钱，发了求职邮件。故选D。
（7）考查名词及语境理解。A.waiter服务员；B.secretary秘书；C.nurse护士；D.lifeguard救生员。句意：一天，一个年轻人递给我一张传单，上面写着："正在寻找暑期工作？成为一名救生员吧！"根据下文"A few minutes after my application was sent，I got an email from AMS Pools，informing me to have a（n）（9）the next day."以及"Every afternoon，I worked in the pool，keeping a close watch on the swimming people.I was proud I rescued several drowning children."可知，作者找到的兼职是在游泳馆当救生员，由此可知，年轻人递给作者的传单是招救生员的。故选D。
（8）考查动词及语境理解。A.applied申请；B.quit离开，放弃；C.stayed停留；D.stopped停止。句意：我开始思考我可以挣点钱，因此我申请了这个工作。根据下句"A few minutes after my application was sent，I got an email from AMS Pools"可知，作者申请了上文所提到的救生员的工作。故选A。
（9）考查名词及语境理解。A.instruction说明；B.interview面试；C.performance表演；D.flight飞行。句意：我的申请提交过了几分钟后，我收到了AMS泳池的一封电子邮件，通知我第二天要面试。根据句中"A few minutes after my application was sent，I got an email from AMS Pools"以及常识可知，作者申请了这份工作，收到一封邮件，通知作者进行面试。故选B。
（10）考查动词短语及语境理解。A.came across偶然遇见；B.took over接管；C.gave up放弃；D.went through经历，经过。句意：在我经过了训练过程后，我终于开始工作了。根据句中"I finally started the job"可知，作者经过培训后开始工作了。短语go through sth意为"经过/经历某过程"符合语境。故选D。
（11）考查动词及语境理解。A.eat吃；B.save节约，储蓄；C.spend花费；D.do做。句意：然而，我赚的越多，我想花费的反而越少。根据句首的"However"以及下文"Instead of wasting my money on（12）things，I started saving up."可知，作者虽然挣了钱，反而花的越少，开始把钱攒了起来。故选C。
（12）考查形容词及语境理解。A.meaningful有意义的；B.useless无用的；C.important重要的；D.necessary必要的，必须的。句意：我不是把钱浪费在无用的东西上，而是开始存钱。由空前的"wasting my money on"可知作者不再把钱浪费在无用的东西上，把钱花费在没有用的东西上才是浪费，因此，useless符合语境。故选B。
（13）考查动词及语境理解。A.increased增加；B.remained仍然是；C.dropped降低，减少；D.floated漂浮。句意：随着工资的增加，我对金钱的理解也随之增加。根据下文"I came to（14）that money meant so much more to me because I was the one working for it.Because I value my money，I limit myself to what I buy."可知，作者对于金钱的理解在增加，结合句中的"so did my understanding of money"可知作者工资在增加，对钱的理解也随着增加。故选A。
（14）考查动词及语境理解。A.complain抱怨；B.comment评论；C.regret后悔；D.realize实现，意识到。句意：我开始意识到金钱对我来说意味着很多，因为我是为它而工作的人。根据上文"At that time，I had no real（2）about the value of money."、"As the pay （13），so did my understanding of money."以及空后的"that money meant so much more to me."可知，暑期做兼职赚钱让作者开始意识到了钱的价值。固定搭配come to realize"开始意识到"符合句意。故选D。
（15）考查名词及语境理解。A.account账户；B.password密码；C.book书；D.logo徽标。句意：现在我的银行账户有3300美元的存款了。根据上文"Instead of wasting my money on（12）things，I started saving up."以及句中的"bank"可知，作者把钱存在银行里，现在银行账户里有3300美元的存款，bank account意为"银行账户"符合语境。故选A。
本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述作者小时候总是向父母要东西，但是后来爸爸总是拒绝作者的要求。作者长大后自己做兼职打工赚钱，终于意识到钱来之不易，知道了金钱的价值。
近几年高考试题中的完形填空有新的变化，试题所涉及的知识面不断拓宽，综合难度不断提高。做完形填空首先要通读全文，了解大意。一篇完形填空的文章有许多空格，所以，必须先通读一至两遍，才能大概了解文章的内容。千万不要看一句，做一句。其次要逐句分析，前后一致。选择答案时，要考虑整个句子的内容，包括搭配、时态、语法等。答案全填完后，再通读一遍文章，检查是否通顺流畅，用词得当，意思正确。
38.（1）those
（2）independently
（3）when
（4）a
（5）followed
（6）was sent
（7）valuable
（8）completion
（9）to conduct
（10）furthering
【解析】（1）考查代词。句意：中国的太空计划起步比俄罗斯和美国晚，但在短时间内取得了很大进展。指代前面提到的space programme，后面有Russia and the US作定语，可知用those代指两个国家的太空计划，故填those。
（2）考查副词。句意：2003年，杨利伟成功驾驶神舟5号飞船绕地球轨道飞行，中国成为世界上第三个独立将人类送入太空的国家。修饰动词，所以用副词，故填independently。
（3）考查非限制性定语从句。句意：2003年，杨利伟成功驾驶神舟5号飞船绕地球轨道飞行，中国成为世界上第三个独立将人类送入太空的国家。先行词为2003，在非限制性定语从句中缺少时间状语，所以用when引导，故填when。
（4）考查冠词。句意：然后神舟6号和7号完成了第二次载人轨道飞行和中国首次太空行走，随后玉兔号被送往月球研究其表面。序数词前面加不定冠词，表示"再一"，故填a。
（5）考查过去分词。句意：然后神舟6号和7号完成了第二次载人轨道飞行和中国首次太空行走，随后玉兔号被送往月球研究其表面。follow和主语之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词作状语，故填followed。
（6）考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：2020年7月23日，中国发射了"天问一号"探测火星表面。根据时间状语On 23 July 2020，可知描述过去的事情，所以用一般过去时态，send和主语之间是被动关系，所以用被动语态，主语为Tianwen I，表示单数意义，所以be动词为was，故填was sent。
（7）考查形容词。句意：它于2021年2月抵达，然后发回了许多有价值的信息。作定语修饰名词，所以用形容词，故填valuable。
（8）考查不可数名词。句意：2022年，梦天太空舱的发射标志着天宫空间站的基本建成。作宾语，前面有定冠词，所以用名词completion，为不可数名词，故填completion。
（9）考查动词不定式。句意：这个现代空间站将允许宇航员进行许多重要的实验，极大地促进我们对宇宙的了解。此处为动词短语allow sb.to do"允许某人做"，动词不定式作宾补，故填to conduct。
（10）考查现在分词。句意：这个现代空间站将允许宇航员进行许多重要的实验，极大地促进我们对宇宙的了解。指代前面句子的直接结果，所以用现在分词作结果状语，故填furthering。
这是一篇新闻报道。介绍了中国太空计划在短期内所取得的巨大成就。
做本题的关键是在理解短文的基础上，灵活运用所学的词汇和语法知识。因此，这就需要在平时的学习中，牢固掌握语言点及一些语法知识。
39.Dear Jim，
I'm glad to share with you about my strong interest in moon exploration.（写信目的）
In Chinese culture，the moon holds profound symbolism.It represents reunion，beauty，and eternity.During festivals like Mid-Autumn，families gather to admire the full moon，symbolizing unity and harmony. 【高分句型一】（月亮在中国文化中的寓意）
Regarding human exploration of the moon，I believe it embodies humanity's innate curiosity and pursuit of knowledge.These missions push the boundaries of science and technology，fostering international cooperation and inspiring future generations.Moreover，lunar exploration holds immense potential for scientific discoveries that could benefit Earth in various ways，from resource exploitation to improving our understanding of the solar system. （对人类探月活动的看法）
I'm excited to see what the future holds for this fascinating journey.【高分句型二】（总结）
Yours， Li Hua
【解析】高分句型一：During festivals like Mid-Autumn，families gather to admire the full moon，symbolizing unity and harmony.
译文：在像中秋这样的节日里，一家人聚在一起欣赏满月，象征着团结与和谐。
分析：这句话使用了现在分词短语symbolizing unity and harmony作状语。
高分句型二：I'm excited to see what the future holds for this fascinating journey.
译文：我很高兴看到这段迷人旅程的未来。
分析：这句话使用了what引导的宾语从句。
这是一篇提纲类作文。需要注意紧扣文章主题，给出的要点都需要包括，缺一不可。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，不能出现文章脱节问题。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。同时注意要求的字数，不要太多也不要太少。
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