资源简介

专题02 被动语态
知识点讲解
一、被动语态的概念及用法
（一）概念：语态是动词的一种形式，表示主语与谓语之间的关系。英语中有两种语态，即主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是谓语动作的执行者（施动者），被动语态表示主语是谓语动词的承受者（受动者）或者说动作不是由主语而是由其他人完成的。
【例句】They plant flowers in the garden. （主动语态）
主语 谓语 宾语 状语
Flowers are planted by them in the garden. (被动语态)
主语 谓语 宾语 状语
（二）用法：
① 不知道谁是动作的执行者(即不知道谁做)时用被动语态，省略by短语；
This watch is made in China . 这块手表是中国制造的。
② 不说或者众所周知是谁做时,用被动语态,省略by短语；
More trees must be planted every year . 每年都必须种更多的树。
③ 强调动作的承受者，句尾加by短语。
Chinese is spoken by more and more people in the world . 世界上越来越多的人讲汉语。
口诀：谁做动作不知道，说出谁做没必要，动作承受者需强调，被动语态运用到。
被动语态的构成
“助动词be+动词的过去分词”，助动词be随着主语的人称、数、时态和语气的不同而变化，被动语态的各种时态形式如下：
时态 被动语态 实例
一般现在时 am/is/are + done Such things are only eaten by animals.
一般过去时 was/were + done The letter was posted last night.
一般将来时 will be/be going to be + done A new school will be opened soon.
现在进行时 am/is/are+ being +done My bicycle is being repaired now
过去进行时 was/were + being +done She discovered that she was being closely watched.
现在完成时 have/has + been + done The papers have not been signed yet.
情态动词 (can,could,must,may,might,should,will,would ) can/could/must/may/might/ should/will/would + be + done Many more trees should be planted by us.
三、主动语态和被动语态的转换
（一）主动语态变被动语态（一般情况）：把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语，宾格变成主格，谓语动词变为被动结构（be+过去分词），主动语态中的主语放在介词by后做宾语，主格变为宾格。
口诀: 宾变主，主变宾，by短语后面跟。谓语动词变被动，be后“过分”来使用。
【例句】 He repaired the bike yesterday. （主动语态）
主语 谓语 宾语
The bike was repaired by him yesterday. （被动语态）
主语 谓语 宾语
（二）情态动词的被动语态：含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句，由“情态动词+be+过去分词”构成。
注意：原来带to的情态动词变被动语态后，仍然保留。
【例句】We have to look after the dog . (主动语态)
主语 谓语 宾语
The dog has to be looked after by us. (被动语态)
主语 谓语 宾语
（三）含有宾语补足语的被动语态：含有宾语补足语的句子，宾语变成主语后，宾语补足语改为主语补足语。
【例句】We keep food cold in the fridge.
主语 谓语 宾语 宾补
The food is kept cold in the fridge by us.
主语 谓语 主补 宾语
注意：有些动词或动词词组在主动语态中用不带to的不定式作补足语，但在被动语态中要加上to， 这些动词是
“5看3使2听1感觉”：look at, see, watch, notice, observe; make, let, have; listen to, hear; feel。
【例句】I heard someone come up the stairs. (主动)
Someone was heard to come up the stairs.（被动）
（四）带双宾语的动词，如give, send, bring, take, teach, show, tell, make, sing, write, sell, buy, ask, pay, borrow, lend, hand, offer, provide, past, get, promise等，变成被动语态时有两种方法：
【例句】I have given him the book.
主语 谓语 间接宾语 直接宾语
He has been given the book by me. (间接宾语变主语)
The book has been given to him by me.（直接宾语变主语）
注意：带双宾语的动词在变主动语态为被动语态时，通常将宾语变为主语。若将直接宾语变为被动语态的主语一般需要加上介词for或to。
四、主动形式表示被动意义
（一）“be+under/in/on等介词+名词”构成介词短语可代替进行时被动语态。
【例句】The city is under attack at the moment. = The city is being attacked at the moment.
The bridge is under repair. = The bridge is being repaired.
（二）表示状态特征的系动词 “look, sound, feel, smell, taste, appear, seem, go, prove, turn, stay, become, fall, get, grow, keep等+adj./n.”构成系表结构。
【例句】The steel feels cold. It has gone bad.
His plan proved (to be) practical.
This kind of cloth feels soft.
The dog looks dangerous.
（三）表示主语的某种属性特征的动词+副词well/badly/easily/smoothly等，这类动词如：read, write, act, draw, drive, sell, wash, clean, wear, open, cook, lock, shut, dry, eat, drink等。
【例句】The coat dries easily.
The poem reads smoothly.
例题精炼
一、单项选择
1．—What’s the name of this tea It tastes fantastic.
—It’s Huangshan Maofeng, a kind of green tea. It ________ in Anhui.
A．produces B．is produced C．produced D．was produced
2．Teenagers today ________ to get good grades by their parents so that they can enter a good university.
A．expect B．are expected C．expected D．were expected
3．I am interested in the latest online physics lessons that _________ by the taikonaut (中国宇航员) last month.
A．were giving B．are giving C．are given D．were given
4．This beautiful handbag ________ by my mother last week. What do you think of it
A．is making B．has made C．was made D．is made
5．Luckily, he ________from hundreds of students to take part in the speech competition.
A．chooses B．has chosen C．chose D．was chosen
6．With the rapid progress in high technology, 6G ________ around most parts of China in the near future.
A．is used B．is using C．will use D．will be used
7．More engineers ________ to the African countries next year.
A．will send B．will be sent C．sent D．were sent
8．Because of the heavy rain, the performance on the playground would______.
A．be cancelled B．be held C．cancel D．hold
9．—I think it’s more and more important for us to protect our environment.
—I agree with you. Air and water ________ seriously.
A．is polluted B．are polluting C．polluted D．are being polluted
10．—Peter got seriously ________ in the car accident last week.
—Yes, he did. And he is ________ in the hospital now.
A．was hurt; taken good care B．was hurt; taken good care of
C．hurt; being taken good care of D．hurt; taken good care
11．While the ice box ________, a lot of defects were found.
A．was being examined B．was examined C．was examining D．had been examined
12．The goods ________ when we arrived at the airport.
A．were just unloading B．had just unloaded
C．were just being unloaded D．were just been unloaded
13．— It is reported that International search and rescue (救援) teams have rushed to Turkey to help for the huge earthquakes.
— An 82-member China Search and Rescue Team ________ there as well.
A．sends B．was sent C．has been sent D．has sent
14．—Lots of time and energy _________ on the farm land since the use of machines.
—That’s for sure. Thanks to the high technology.
A．are saved B．were saved C．will be saved D．have been saved
15．—Any latest news about the Canadian wildfires
—As report goes, around 30,000 people ________ to leave their homes in Western Canada since last Sunday.
A．were told B．have told C．have been told D．would tell
16．The tree ________ three times a week in order to make it grow taller.
A．is watering B．should water C．should be watered
17．—Mum, can I go out with friends now
—No, you can’t. Homework ________ first.
A．has to finish B．may be finished C．should finish D．must be finished
18．—Mr. Sun, the movie The Volunteers: To the War (《志愿军：雄兵出击》) is well worth ________.
—I think so. You can take your son to watch it and he will like it.
A．watch B．watching C．to watch
19．This book is interesting and educational and it’s well worth ________.
A．reading B．to read C．to reading
20．The fish ________ delicious. I can’t wait to try it.
A．taste B．is tasted C．tastes
21．Great changes ________ in our country in the past few years.
A．have taken place B．took place C．will take place D．have been taken place
二、单词拼写
22．Points are (take) away if you give wrong answers.
23．The school year is d into two terms.
24．Passengers are not a to eat or drink when they take the underground.
25．I was (深深感动) by this film which I watched last night.
26．He (被控告) murdering so he was sent to prison.
27．I was (displace) by Alice to be the monitor.
28．Some people think that paper books will be by e-books in the near future.
29．Will books be r one day with the popularity of computers
30．I’d like to take some photos on the school visit to the museum next week. They’ll be (公布) on the school website.
31．The medals (present) to the winners as soon as the award music was played.
32．The sick man (operate) on now.
33．Many sports centers are being b now in Hangzhou to serve the Asian Games.
34．When being （颁发）with a gold medal, the Chinese athlete couldn’t help crying.
35．Jiangnan, a famous area in China, has long been (mention) in many Chinese poems for its beautiful style.
36．Since last week, no clues have been (报告) to the police.
37．Teenagers should be well (教育) before they come into the society.
38．Those great firemen in the earthquake should be h (尊敬) by all the people.
39．Your plan is well (值得) taking.
40．If a thing is important enough, it’s worth (do) well. So try your best to study for the coming challenge.
三、完成句子
41．狗被认为是人类忠实的好朋友。
Dogs are honest and good friends of humans.
42．她如此漂亮常被我们误认为是电影明星
She looks so beautiful a film star by us.
43．最著名的民间音乐之一《二泉映月》是由阿炳写成的。
One of the most famous folk music Erquan Yingyue by Abing.
44．The piece which on the erhu moved me.
在二胡上演奏的那首曲子感动了我。
45．将来，我们的中国梦会实现的。
Our Chinese dream will in the future.
46．让我们拭目以待，看看未来书籍是否会被互联网所取代。
Let’s wait and see whether books will by the Internet in the future.
47．They said they would plant more trees the next year. (改为被动语态)
He said more trees the next year.
48．Recently we are taking measures to improve the working conditions in the office.（改被动语态）
Measures to improve the working conditions in the office.
49．工人们正在建一座新的大桥。
A new bridge by the workers.
50．They were planting trees this time yesterday. (改为被动语态)
Trees them this time yesterday.
51．许多中国古典诗词千百年来广为流传。
Many classical Chinese poems have been widely for thousands of years.
52．这首诗已经被翻译成了多种语言。
This poem has into many kinds of languages.
53．应该允许16岁的孩子穿耳洞吗？
Should sixteen year olds be to their ears pierced
54．书可以回收，所以我们不应该扔掉它们。
Books can be , so we shouldn’t throw them away.
试卷第1页，共3页
试卷第1页，共3页
参考答案：
1．B
2．B
3．D
4．C
5．D
6．D
7．B
8．A
9．D
10．C
11．A
12．C
13．C
14．D
15．C
16．C
17．D
18．B
19．A
20．C
21．A
22．taken
23．(d)ivided
24．(a)llowed
25． deeply moved
26． was accused of
27．displaced
28．replaced
29．(r)eplaced
30．reported
31．would be presented
32．is being operated
33．built
34．presented
35．mentioned
36．reported
37．educated
38．(h)onored
39．worth
40．doing
41． regarded/considered/seen/treated as
42．that she is often mistaken for
43． was written
44． was played
45． be/come realized/true
46．be replaced
47． would be planted
48． are being taken
49． is being built
50． were being planted by
51．spread
52． been translated
53． allowed get/have
54．recycled
答案第1页，共2页
答案第1页，共2页

展开更多......

收起↑