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专题13语法填空
衔接储备
题型特点
语篇型填空是在一篇200词左右的语言材料中留出10个空白,部分空白的后面给出单词的基本形式,要求考生根据上下文填写空白处所需的内容(1个单词)或所提供单词的正确形式.解题方法和步骤:
先通览全文,了解有关信息,了解大意分析句子结构,确定词性.
2.通过上下语义逻辑,锁定词形.
3.观察文章的体裁,注意文章的时态.
4.重点注意所给词.提示词往往是动词、名词、形容词、副词、动词,考虑时态、语态、主谓一致、情态动词、虚拟语气,以及在句中充当谓语还是非谓语.名词考虑单复数、词性转换.形容词副词考虑比较级、最高级、倍数、词性转换及反义.代词可给提示词可不给,注意主格、宾格、所有格及反身代词.无提示词的是介词、冠词和连词.尤其要注意行文逻辑,及强调句型和倒装.
5.重读全文,注意时态、语态、逻辑等,注意大小写等书写规范.
解题技巧
解题技巧(一)
1.这两种情况下很可能填不定冠词:
(1)_________ +可数名词(单数);
(2)_________ +形容词＋可数名词(单数).
2.这三种情况下很可能填定冠词:
(1)_________ (十定语)＋名词＋of等介词短语(表示特指);
(2)_________ (十定语)＋名词十定语从句(表示特指);
(3)_________ (十定语)＋名词＋不定式短语或分词短语(表示特指).
【训练题】
1. There once were a goat and a donkey ... So the farmer killed_________ goat and gave the donkey medicine made from its heart.
2.When I see a child subject to this kind of pressure, I think of Donnie. He was_________ shy, nervous perfectionist.
3.... the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to_________ small town some 20kilometers away.
答案:1.the 2.a 3.a
解题技巧(二)
连接两个功能对等的单词或短语时,应填并列连词and,or,but等.
2.若两个句子(两个主谓结构)之间,没有句号或分号,也没有连词,那空格处必定是填连接词,否则,句子结构就不完整.根据两句之间的意义和逻辑关系,或者根据句式结构,确定是并列句(多要求考生填and,but,while,when,or等)还是某种主从复合句.然后根据各类从句的特点,结合连接词的意义和用法,确定填具体的某个连词.
【训练题】
1.It was not long_________ the waitress came back and then she began to wipe down the table and suddenly was surprised at what she saw.
2.But nothing changed until midterm,_________ Mary Anne, a student teacher, was appointed to our classroom.
3. Jane paused in front of a counter_________ some attractive ties were on display.
4. One day, he came up with an idea_________ he would pluck up all of his crop a few inches.
答案:1.before 2.when 3.where 4.that
解题技巧(三)
在无提示词题型当中,空格所填词在句子中作主语或宾语时,通常填代词,包括人称代词、指示代词、不定代词、名词性物主代词、疑问代词、反身代词(不能作主语)等.在名词前作定语就只能用形容词性物主代词了.
句子的主语或宾语主要由名词、代词、动名词或不定式等充当,名词、动名词或不定式通常会放在有提示词的空格中考查.
【训练题】
1.He asked his teacher, “Sir, the water is awful. Why did you pretend to like_________ ”
2. Jane was walking round the department store. She remembered how difficult_________ was to choose a suitable Christmas present for her father.
3.I wanted to reward the old man for the trouble that I had caused_________ .
答案:1.it 2.it 3.him
解题技巧(四)
在有提示词题型当中,词性转换解题常可利用这样几条语法小规则作为判断依据:(1)介词、冠词、所有格后接名词;(2)形容词修饰名词;(3)副词修饰形容词、动词或整个句子.
【训练题】
1.“Thirty-five cents,” she said_________ (rude).
2. As far as I am concerned, my_________ (suggest) is that we should always have a notebook and a Chinese-English dictionary within easy reach.
3.This proverb is saying we have to let things go in their_________ (nature) course.
4._________ (doubt), although there is still room for improvement to this policy, I think it is still a good one which brings more good than harm to the students and the nation.
答案:1.rudely 2.suggestion 3.natural 4.Undoubtedly
解题技巧(五)
在有提示词题型当中,通常,有表示范围的in/of介词短语或形容词前有the时,一般要用最高级;than的前面一定要用比较级.
【训练题】
1.One of the_________ (bad) gift choices I ever made was for my high school English teacher ...
2.... We were both laughing the whole time at our complete inability to communicate in words. When it was time to leave, I said “thank you” in Korean, using some of the few words I had learned. I felt_________ (lonely) than I had expected that night.
3. Lucille Clifton is an award-winning poet and writer. Critics call her one of the_________ (great)writers of our time.
答案:1.worst 2.less lonely 3.greatest
解题技巧( 六)
规律性非谓语动词试题的解题步骤(有提示词):高考中大部分的非谓语动词试题都属于规律性的试题,解答这类题目时,我们需按照这样的步骤来答题:第一,找非谓语动词的逻辑主语;第二,判断逻辑主语与非谓语动词之间的逻辑关系,是主动还是被动,判断是表示目的或者将来等等;第三,判断非谓语动词的形式.
典例剖析
例题
A 90-year-old has been awarded“Woman Of The Year" for (1)_________ (be) Britain's oldest full-time employee-still working 40 hours a week. Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield,(2)_________ she opened with her late husband Les. Her years of hard work have(3)_________ (final)been acknowledged after a customer nominated(提名)her to be Cheshire's Woman Of The Year.
Picking up her“Lifetime Achievement”award, proud Irene (4)_________ (declare) she had no plans(5)_________ (retire)from her 36-year-old business. Irene said,“I don't see any reason to give up work. I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I (6)_________ (make) over the years. I work not because I have to,(7)_________ because I want to.”
Granddaughter Gayle Parks, 31-who works alongside her in the family business-said it remained unknown as to who nominated Irene for the award. She said,“We don't have any idea who put grandma forward. When we got a call (8)_________ (say) she was short-listed, we thought it was (9)_________ joke. But then we got an official letter and we were blown away. We are so proud of her. It's(10)_________ (wonder).”
思路点拨:本文为一篇记叙文.文章讲述了九十高龄的Irene作为英国最年长的全职员工,依然在宠物店做着朝九晚五的工作,没有退休的打算,她由此被评为“年度女士”.
答案:(1)being (2)which (3)finally (4)declared (5)retired (6)have made (7)but (8)saying(9)a (10)wonderful
即学即练
The polar bear is found in the Arctic Circle and some big land masses as far south as Newfoundland. While they are rare north of 88°, there is evidence (1)_________ they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada. It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been (2)_________ (poor) studied; however, biologists calculate that there are about20,000-25,000 polar bears worldwide.
Modern methods (3)_________ tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid－1980s,and are expensive (4)_________ (perform) consistently over a large area. In recent years some Inuit people in Nunayut (5)_________ (report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a(6)_________ (believe) that populations are increasing. Scientists have responded by(7)_________ (note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集)around human settlements, leading to the illusion(错觉)that populations are(8)_________ (high) than they actually are. Of(9)_________ nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six (10)_________ (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.
答案:
1.that 2.poorly 3.of/for 4.to perform 5.have reported 6.belief 7.noting 8.higher 9.the 10.are
验学
I
There has been a recent trend in the food service industry toward lower fat content and less salt. This trend, which was started by the medical community(医学界)1._________ a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side 2._________ (effect) such as overweight and heart disease - the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.
Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet. They are required 3._________ (process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions. When fat and salt4._________ (remove) from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something. As5._________ result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing. Even6._________ (bad), the amount of fast food that people eat goes up. Fast food 7._________ (be)full of fat and salt; by 8._________ (eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.
Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack(吃点心)between meals and will improve the taste of your food. However, be 9._________ (care) not to go to extremes. Like anything, it is possible to have too much ofboth,10._________ is not good for the health.
答案:
1.“作为一种抵御心脏病的方法”.填as.
2.side effect副作用.根据前面的some可知不止一种副作用.填effects.
3.be required to do 被要求做某事.填 to process.
4.fat and salt是从句的主语.填are removed.
5.as a result 是固定搭配.填a.
6.even常用来修饰比较级.填worse.
7.fast food是不可数名词.填is.
8.介词后面用动名词作宾语.填eating.
9.用形容词作表语.填careful.
10.此处为非限制性定语从句.设空处指代整个主句的内容.填which.
II
Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires, Asia's biggest buildings, and fancy new hotels. But for. tourists like me, pandas are its top1._________ (attract).
So it was a great honour to be invited backstage at the not-for-profit Panda Base, where ticket money helps pay for research. I 2._________ (allow) to get up close to these cute animals at the 600-acre centre. From tomorrow, I will be their UK ambassador. The title will be 3._________ (official)given to me at a ceremony in London. But my connection with pandas goes back 4._________ my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s,5._________ I was the first Western TV reporter 6._________ (permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild. My ambassadorial duties will include 7._________ (introduce) British visitors to the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research centre in the misty mountains of Bifengxia.
On my recent visit, I held a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by 8._________ (it) mother. The nursery team switches him every few 9._________ (day)with his sister so that while one is being bottle-fed, 10._________ other is with Mum-she never suspects.
答案:
1.形容词top后面跟名词形式.填attraction.
2.根据句意可知,作者是被允许走近这些动物.填was allowed.
3.修饰动词用副词形式.填officially.
4.固定短语:go back to回到.填to.
5.后面是非限制性定语从句,缺少状语,先行词是时间名词,故填when.
6.被修饰名词和permit之间是被动关系,用过去分词.填 permitted.
7.include 后面用动名词或名词.填introducing.
8.这里指代前面的twin,修饰名词要用its.填its.
9.few修饰复数名词.填days.
10.one...the other“一个······另一个”.填the.
III
If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work, you should take a step back and identify(识别)those of 1._________ (great) and less importance. Then, handle the most important tasks first so you'll feel a real sense of 2._________ (achieve). Leaving the less important things until tomorrow 3._________ (be)often acceptable.
Most of us are more focused 4._________ our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day. So, get an early start and try to be as productive 5._________ possible before lunch. This will give you the confidence you need to get you through the afternoon and go home feeling accomplished.
Recent 6._________ (study) show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks 7._________ (regular). Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for8._________ while, exercising, or doing something you enjoy.
If you find something you love doing outside of the office, you'll be less likely 9._________ (bring) your work home. It could be anything-gardening, cooking, music, sports-but whatever it is,10._________ (make) sure it's a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about.
答案:
1.此处是一种并列关系,结合后面less importance的形式可知应填其比较级形式.填greater.
2.此处应使用名词形式,作介词of的宾语,填achievement.
3.本句是动名词作主语,因此谓语动词使用单数形式.填is.
4.此处是一个固定词组 focus on“关注······”.很多人早晨对任务的注意力要比晚些时候的注意力更集中.填on.
5.此处是一个“as...as possible”的固定结构.填as.
6.本句的谓语动词是show,故主语应用复数名词studies.填 studies.
7.修饰动词短语 take short breaks应使用副词形式.填regularly.
8.for a while“一会儿”.填a.
9.此处是一个固定词组 be likely to do“有可能做某事”.填to brìng.
10.此处是一个祈使句,因此使用动词原形.填make.
IV
In much of Asia, especially the so-called“rice bowl” cultures of China, Japan, Korea,1._________ Vietnam, food is usually eaten with chopsticks.
Chopsticks are usually two long, thin pieces of wood or bamboo. They can also be made of plastic, animal bone or metal. Sometimes chopsticks are quite artistic. Truly elegant chopsticks might2._________ (make) of gold and silver with Chinese characters. Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal 3._________ (create) special designs.
The Chinese have used chopsticks for five thousand years. People probably cooked their food in large pots,4._________ (use)twigs(树枝)to remove it. Over time,5._________ the population grew, people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly. Food in small pieces could be eaten easily with twigs which6._________ (gradual) turned into chopsticks.
Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius,7._________ lived from roughly 551 to 479 B.C., influenced the 8._________ (develop) of chopsticks. Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and 9._________ (be) too violent for use at the table.
Chopsticks are not used everywhere in Asia. In India, for example, most people traditionally eat10._________ their hands.
答案:
1.China,Japan,Korea 和 Vietnam 为并列关系.填and.
2.主语chopsticks与谓语 make是被动关系,且前面有情态动词,故填be made.
3.用动词不定式结构作目的状语.填to create.
4.此处用现在分词作伴随状语.填using.
5.句意:随着时间的推移,当人口增长的时候,人们开始把大块食物切成小块,以便更快地煮熟.用as或when,表示“当·······的时候”.填as/when.
6.修饰谓语 turn into需用副词.故填gradually.
7.引导一个非限制性定语从句,对先行词 Confucius(孔子)起到补充说明的作用,故填who.
8.前有定冠词 the修饰,应该是名词形式,故填development.
9.此句是并列句,主语是knives,因此be应用复数形式,再结合前半句的时态可知应用be的过去式were.填were.
10.句意:在印度,大多数人还习惯用手吃饭.介词with意为“用(某种具体的工具、手段)”.填with.
V
On our way to the house, it was raining1._________ hard that we couldn't help wondering how long it would take 2._________ (get) there. It was in the middle of Pearl City.
We were first greeted with the barking by a pack 3._________ dogs, seven to be exact. They were well trained by their masters 4._________ had great experience with caring for these animals. Our hosts shared many of their experiences and5._________ (recommend)wonderful places to eat, shop, and visit. For breakfast, we were able to eat papaya(木瓜)and other fruits from their trees in the backyard.
When they were free from work, they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting 6,_________ (compete) to watch, together with the story behind it, They also shared with us many7._________ (tradition) stories about Hawaii that were 8._________ (huge) popular with tourists. On the last day of our week - long stay,we9._________ (invite) to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars,10._________ (listen) to musicians and meeting interesting locals.
答案:
1.so 2.to get 3.of 4.who 5.recommended 6.competition
7.traditional 8. hugely 9.were invited 10.listening专题13语法填空
衔接储备
题型特点
语篇型填空是在一篇200词左右的语言材料中留出10个空白,部分空白的后面给出单词的基本形式,要求考生根据上下文填写空白处所需的内容(1个单词)或所提供单词的正确形式.解题方法和步骤:
先通览全文,了解有关信息,了解大意分析句子结构,确定词性.
2.通过上下语义逻辑,锁定词形.
3.观察文章的体裁,注意文章的时态.
4.重点注意所给词.提示词往往是动词、名词、形容词、副词、动词,考虑时态、语态、主谓一致、情态动词、虚拟语气,以及在句中充当谓语还是非谓语.名词考虑单复数、词性转换.形容词副词考虑比较级、最高级、倍数、词性转换及反义.代词可给提示词可不给,注意主格、宾格、所有格及反身代词.无提示词的是介词、冠词和连词.尤其要注意行文逻辑,及强调句型和倒装.
5.重读全文,注意时态、语态、逻辑等,注意大小写等书写规范.
解题技巧
解题技巧(一)
1.这两种情况下很可能填不定冠词:
(1)_________ +可数名词(单数);
(2)_________ +形容词＋可数名词(单数).
2.这三种情况下很可能填定冠词:
(1)_________ (十定语)＋名词＋of等介词短语(表示特指);
(2)_________ (十定语)＋名词十定语从句(表示特指);
(3)_________ (十定语)＋名词＋不定式短语或分词短语(表示特指).
【训练题】
1. There once were a goat and a donkey ... So the farmer killed_________ goat and gave the donkey medicine made from its heart.
2.When I see a child subject to this kind of pressure, I think of Donnie. He was_________ shy, nervous perfectionist.
3.... the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to_________ small town some 20kilometers away.
解题技巧(二)
连接两个功能对等的单词或短语时,应填并列连词and,or,but等.
2.若两个句子(两个主谓结构)之间,没有句号或分号,也没有连词,那空格处必定是填连接词,否则,句子结构就不完整.根据两句之间的意义和逻辑关系,或者根据句式结构,确定是并列句(多要求考生填and,but,while,when,or等)还是某种主从复合句.然后根据各类从句的特点,结合连接词的意义和用法,确定填具体的某个连词.
【训练题】
1.It was not long_________ the waitress came back and then she began to wipe down the table and suddenly was surprised at what she saw.
2.But nothing changed until midterm,_________ Mary Anne, a student teacher, was appointed to our classroom.
3. Jane paused in front of a counter_________ some attractive ties were on display.
4. One day, he came up with an idea_________ he would pluck up all of his crop a few inches.
解题技巧(三)
在无提示词题型当中,空格所填词在句子中作主语或宾语时,通常填代词,包括人称代词、指示代词、不定代词、名词性物主代词、疑问代词、反身代词(不能作主语)等.在名词前作定语就只能用形容词性物主代词了.
句子的主语或宾语主要由名词、代词、动名词或不定式等充当,名词、动名词或不定式通常会放在有提示词的空格中考查.
【训练题】
1.He asked his teacher, “Sir, the water is awful. Why did you pretend to like_________ ”
2. Jane was walking round the department store. She remembered how difficult_________ was to choose a suitable Christmas present for her father.
3.I wanted to reward the old man for the trouble that I had caused_________ .
解题技巧(四)
在有提示词题型当中,词性转换解题常可利用这样几条语法小规则作为判断依据:(1)介词、冠词、所有格后接名词;(2)形容词修饰名词;(3)副词修饰形容词、动词或整个句子.
【训练题】
1.“Thirty-five cents,” she said_________ (rude).
2. As far as I am concerned, my_________ (suggest) is that we should always have a notebook and a Chinese-English dictionary within easy reach.
3.This proverb is saying we have to let things go in their_________ (nature) course.
4._________ (doubt), although there is still room for improvement to this policy, I think it is still a good one which brings more good than harm to the students and the nation.
解题技巧(五)
在有提示词题型当中,通常,有表示范围的in/of介词短语或形容词前有the时,一般要用最高级;than的前面一定要用比较级.
【训练题】
1.One of the_________ (bad) gift choices I ever made was for my high school English teacher ...
2.... We were both laughing the whole time at our complete inability to communicate in words. When it was time to leave, I said “thank you” in Korean, using some of the few words I had learned. I felt_________ (lonely) than I had expected that night.
3. Lucille Clifton is an award-winning poet and writer. Critics call her one of the_________ (great)writers of our time.
解题技巧( 六)
规律性非谓语动词试题的解题步骤(有提示词):高考中大部分的非谓语动词试题都属于规律性的试题,解答这类题目时,我们需按照这样的步骤来答题:第一,找非谓语动词的逻辑主语;第二,判断逻辑主语与非谓语动词之间的逻辑关系,是主动还是被动,判断是表示目的或者将来等等;第三,判断非谓语动词的形式.
典例剖析
例题
A 90-year-old has been awarded“Woman Of The Year" for (1)_________ (be) Britain's oldest full-time employee-still working 40 hours a week. Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield,(2)_________ she opened with her late husband Les. Her years of hard work have(3)_________ (final)been acknowledged after a customer nominated(提名)her to be Cheshire's Woman Of The Year.
Picking up her“Lifetime Achievement”award, proud Irene (4)_________ (declare) she had no plans(5)_________ (retire)from her 36-year-old business. Irene said,“I don't see any reason to give up work. I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I (6)_________ (make) over the years. I work not because I have to,(7)_________ because I want to.”
Granddaughter Gayle Parks, 31-who works alongside her in the family business-said it remained unknown as to who nominated Irene for the award. She said,“We don't have any idea who put grandma forward. When we got a call (8)_________ (say) she was short-listed, we thought it was (9)_________ joke. But then we got an official letter and we were blown away. We are so proud of her. It's(10)_________ (wonder).”
即学即练
The polar bear is found in the Arctic Circle and some big land masses as far south as Newfoundland. While they are rare north of 88°, there is evidence (1)_________ they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada. It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been (2)_________ (poor) studied; however, biologists calculate that there are about20,000-25,000 polar bears worldwide.
Modern methods (3)_________ tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid－1980s,and are expensive (4)_________ (perform) consistently over a large area. In recent years some Inuit people in Nunayut (5)_________ (report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a(6)_________ (believe) that populations are increasing. Scientists have responded by(7)_________ (note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集)around human settlements, leading to the illusion(错觉)that populations are(8)_________ (high) than they actually are. Of(9)_________ nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six (10)_________ (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.
验学
I
There has been a recent trend in the food service industry toward lower fat content and less salt. This trend, which was started by the medical community(医学界)1._________ a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side 2._________ (effect) such as overweight and heart disease - the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.
Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet. They are required 3._________ (process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions. When fat and salt4._________ (remove) from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something. As5._________ result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing. Even6._________ (bad), the amount of fast food that people eat goes up. Fast food 7._________ (be)full of fat and salt; by 8._________ (eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.
Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack(吃点心)between meals and will improve the taste of your food. However, be 9._________ (care) not to go to extremes. Like anything, it is possible to have too much ofboth,10._________ is not good for the health.
II
Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires, Asia's biggest buildings, and fancy new hotels. But for. tourists like me, pandas are its top1._________ (attract).
So it was a great honour to be invited backstage at the not-for-profit Panda Base, where ticket money helps pay for research. I 2._________ (allow) to get up close to these cute animals at the 600-acre centre. From tomorrow, I will be their UK ambassador. The title will be 3._________ (official)given to me at a ceremony in London. But my connection with pandas goes back 4._________ my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s,5._________ I was the first Western TV reporter 6._________ (permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild. My ambassadorial duties will include 7._________ (introduce) British visitors to the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research centre in the misty mountains of Bifengxia.
On my recent visit, I held a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by 8._________ (it) mother. The nursery team switches him every few 9._________ (day)with his sister so that while one is being bottle-fed, 10._________ other is with Mum-she never suspects.
III
If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work, you should take a step back and identify(识别)those of 1._________ (great) and less importance. Then, handle the most important tasks first so you'll feel a real sense of 2._________ (achieve). Leaving the less important things until tomorrow 3._________ (be)often acceptable.
Most of us are more focused 4._________ our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day. So, get an early start and try to be as productive 5._________ possible before lunch. This will give you the confidence you need to get you through the afternoon and go home feeling accomplished.
Recent 6._________ (study) show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks 7._________ (regular). Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for8._________ while, exercising, or doing something you enjoy.
If you find something you love doing outside of the office, you'll be less likely 9._________ (bring) your work home. It could be anything-gardening, cooking, music, sports-but whatever it is,10._________ (make) sure it's a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about.
IV
In much of Asia, especially the so-called“rice bowl” cultures of China, Japan, Korea,1._________ Vietnam, food is usually eaten with chopsticks.
Chopsticks are usually two long, thin pieces of wood or bamboo. They can also be made of plastic, animal bone or metal. Sometimes chopsticks are quite artistic. Truly elegant chopsticks might2._________ (make) of gold and silver with Chinese characters. Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal 3._________ (create) special designs.
The Chinese have used chopsticks for five thousand years. People probably cooked their food in large pots,4._________ (use)twigs(树枝)to remove it. Over time,5._________ the population grew, people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly. Food in small pieces could be eaten easily with twigs which6._________ (gradual) turned into chopsticks.
Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius,7._________ lived from roughly 551 to 479 B.C., influenced the 8._________ (develop) of chopsticks. Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and 9._________ (be) too violent for use at the table.
Chopsticks are not used everywhere in Asia. In India, for example, most people traditionally eat10._________ their hands.
V
On our way to the house, it was raining1._________ hard that we couldn't help wondering how long it would take 2._________ (get) there. It was in the middle of Pearl City.
We were first greeted with the barking by a pack 3._________ dogs, seven to be exact. They were well trained by their masters 4._________ had great experience with caring for these animals. Our hosts shared many of their experiences and5._________ (recommend)wonderful places to eat, shop, and visit. For breakfast, we were able to eat papaya(木瓜)and other fruits from their trees in the backyard.
When they were free from work, they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting 6,_________ (compete) to watch, together with the story behind it, They also shared with us many7._________ (tradition) stories about Hawaii that were 8._________ (huge) popular with tourists. On the last day of our week - long stay,we9._________ (invite) to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars,10._________ (listen) to musicians and meeting interesting locals.

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