资源简介

专题11阅读理解
预学
温故知新\自学巩固
回顾一 阅读理解题的类型
英语阅读理解的设题主要包括:细节理解题、词义猜测题、推理判断题和主旨大意题.
1.考查考生对文章中的主要事实、关键信息的把握和字面意义理解的题目叫细节理解题.此种类型的题属于字面理解层面的题目,一般只要找准了相关细节,通过简单的转换即可答对,为客观题,较容易.
2.词义猜测题是命题人在文章中选出一个关键词(多为生词)或短语甚至是句子,要求考生根据阅读文章掌握的信息并通过上下文来猜测生词、短语或句子在文中正确意义的试题.
3.推理判断题,顾名思义,是考生在理解阅读文章的基础上,要通过上下文及相互之间的关系做出合理推断进而确定答案的题目,主要考查考生对文章言外之意、字里行间隐含意义的理解,属于主观题,往往有一定的难度,不能从文章中直接找到答案.
4.考查考生对短文主题思想或全文梗概的掌握和理解情况的题目叫主旨大意题,也是主观题,要求考生具有较强的综合概括能力,也是难度较大的一题,尤其是标题选择题,往往是最让考生觉得棘手的一类题.
回顾二 解题方法
1.阅读全文,捕捉信息.考生应仔细阅读全文,掌握其大意,了解作者的观点和写作意图,故事的起因、时间、地点以及结局.考生必须在有限的时间内迅速抓住文章的要点,读懂全文.
2.注意首句,抓住中心.俗话说“眼睛是心灵的窗户”,那么一篇文章的眼睛应是题目,而许多阅读题是不给文章题目的.这给考生快速了解全文的中心增加了难度,在这种情况下,考生应特别注意首段和每一自然段的首句以及结尾句.这样才能迅速抓住中心,为正确答题打下良好的基础.
3.优选排除,确定答案.阅读理解题备选答案有三个是干扰项.我们可先排除语法、词法上明显有错误的选项,再排除与短文内容不符的选项,剩下的就是应选答案了,在这个过程中要仔细鉴别,对比各选项的区别.
4.复读全文,检查答案.考生应把短文中考查的信息归纳一遍,再次阅读,检查答案,看看是否前后一致,是否符合逻辑推理,有错及时纠正.
5.阅读三清原则:文章看清,选项看清,题干看清.
链接
真题引路\考点对接
【问题】下列是武汉市的中考真题,你能找准做题的切入点吗
Donna Ashlock, a 14-year-old girl from California, was very sick. She had a bad heart.“Donna needs a new heart,” her doctor said. “She must have a new heart, or she will die soon.”
Felipe Garza, 15, was worried about Donna. Felipe was Donna's friend. He liked Donna very much. He liked her freckles(雀斑),and he liked her smile. Felipe didn't want Donna to die.
Felipe talked to his mother about Donna. “I am going to die, ” Felipe told his mother, “and I am going to give my heart to Donna.”
Felipe's mother didn't pay much attention to Felipe. "Felipe is just kidding, ” she thought. “Felipe is not going to die. He's strong and healthy.”
But Felipe was not healthy. He had terrible headaches sometimes.“My head really hurts, ” he often told his friends. Felipe never told his parents about his headaches.
One morning Felipe woke up with a sharp pain in his head. He was dizzy (眩晕的),and he couldn't breathe. His parents rushed Felipe to the hospital. Doctors at the hospital had terrible news for them. “Felipe's brain is dead,” the doctors said.“We can't save him.”
The parents were very sad. But they remembered Felipe's words.“Felipe wanted to give his heart to Donna,” they told the doctors.
The doctors did several tests. Then they told the parents,“We can give Felipe's heart to Donna.”
The doctors took out Felipe's heart and rushed the heart to Donna. Other doctors took out Donna's heart and put Felipe's heart in her chest. In a short time the heart began to beat.
The operation was a success. Felipe's heart was beating in Donna's chest, but Donna didn't know it. Her parents and doctors didn't tell her. They waited until she was stronger; then they told her about Felipe.“I feel very sad,” Donna said, “but I am thankful to Felipe.”
Three months after the operation Donna went back to school. She has to have regular checkups, and she has to take medicine every day. But she is living a normal life.
Felipe's brother John says,“ Every time we see Donna, we think of Felipe. She has Felipe's heart in her. That gives us great peace.”
1.Felipe was worried about Donna because________ .
A. she had freckles
B. she was very sick
C. she would have a new heart
D. she had a sharp pain in her head
2.We learn from the passage that________.
A. Felipe promised Donna to give her his heart
B. Donna needed a new heart instead of her own
C. the doctors asked Felipe's parents to donate his heart
D. Felipe never told anyone about his terrible headaches
3. Donna knew nothing about Felipe's heart until________.
A. Felipe's parents told her the bad news
B. the operation was going to start
C. she was well and strong enough
D. she went back to school
4.It is clear that________.
A. Felipe's brother often goes to see Donna in hospital
B. Donna can live a normal life without medicine
C. the doctors did several tests during the operation
D. the Garzas have great peace because of Donna
5. Which of the following may probably be the best title for the passage
A.The Gift B.The Operations C.The Peace D.The Illnesses
答案:
1.细节理解题.据文章第一句话可知 Felipe是为Donna的严重心脏病而担心.选B.
2.推理判断题.据第一段中医生所说的话可知,Donna需要一颗新的心脏来替换她患病的心脏.选B.
3.细节理解题.据文中“Her parents and doctors didn't tell her. They waited until she was stronger; then they told her about Felipe.”可知.选C.
4.推理判断题.据文章最后一段可知,Garza一家因为Donna 在得到Felipe的心脏后过上了正常的生活而获得了内心的平静.选D.
5.主旨大意题.据文章最后一段可知.选C.
注意:
初中阶段阅读理解考查要求:(1)考查学生理解短文主旨和主题要义的能力;(2)理解短文具体信息(包括图文转换的信息)的能力;(3)根据短文上下情景猜测单词的能力;(4)根据短文内容判断和推理的能力;(5)理解作者的意图和态度的能力.
高中阶段对阅读理解的主要要求是:(1)掌握所读文章的主旨和大意以及用以说明主旨和大意的事实和细节;(2)既理解具体的事实,也理解抽象的概念;(3)既理解字面意想,也理解根据字面意思可以推断出来的没有明确说出的深沉含义,包括作者的态度、意图等;(4)既理解某句、某段的意义,也理解全篇的逻辑关系,并据此进行推理和判断.
思路点拨
短文大意:本文讲述了一位患严重头疼病的男孩死后将其心脏捐赠给他患有心脏病的朋友挽救朋友生命的故事,让人感受到真正的朋友之间真挚深厚的情谊,无私的关爱,令人为之感动.
第1讲 阅读理解之题型分析
探学
知识拓展\深度衔接
新知一 阅读理解之事实细节题
1.解题原则:忠实于原文及全篇的逻辑关系,决不能主观臆断.
2.文章中心是论点,事实细节是论据或主要理由;有关细节的问题通常是对文中某个词语、某个句子、某个段落等细节及事实进行提问,所提问题一般可直接或间接在文章中找到答案.
3.提问的特殊疑问词常有:what, who, which, where, how, why等.
4.在阅读理解中,事实细节题常见的命题方式如下:
(1)Which of the following is right
(2)Which of the following is NOT true according to the information in the passage
(3)Which of the following statements is correct according to the passage
(4)Which of the following is NOT true in the passage
(5)Which of the following is NOT mentioned
(6)Which of the following is mentioned in the passage
(7)The writer mentions all of the items listed below except________.
(8)What is the example of ... as described in the passage
(9)From this passage we know that________.
(10)In the passage, the author states that________.
新知二 阅读理解之词义猜测题
1.此类题的一般提问形式
(1)The word “ABC” in the passage probably means________.
(2)The underlined word“ ABC” in the passage refers to / means________.
(3)Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word in the second paragraph
(4)The underlined sentence in the last paragraph means________.
(5)The word“ it(them)” in the first paragraph refers to________.
(6)Which of the following is nearest/closest in meaning to “...”
2.猜词技巧点拨
解答这类试题最重要的方法是理解含生词部分的上下文(也就是人们常说的语境)来推测其意思.以下是可供参考的几个小技巧:
(1)根据近义词关系:一是要看由and或or连接的同义词词组;二是看在进一步解释的过程中使用的同义词.作者可能会用一个近义词或者同义词去解释另一个更难的词.
如:At the beginning they did not have enough capital to start a business, nor were they able to borrow the amount of money they needed from the bank.( )
解析:根据nor结构后的money, bank可以推测capital在这里不是指首都而是指“资金”.
(2)根据反义词关系:作者常常用反义词来使文章更具表现力,我们可以利用反义词作为线索去猜句中出现的生词的意思.一是看表转折关系的连词或副词,如but, while, however等;二是看与not搭配的或表示否定意义的词语.
如:He is so homely, not at all as handsome as his brother.( )
解析:根据 not at all...handsome 我们不难推测出homely的意思,即“不英俊的,不漂亮的”.
(3)根据同位或解释关系:当作者不能肯定读者能够理解他的意思时,他会用另外一种方式陈述自己的观点.此时,可以通过生词后的定语(定语从句或分词短语等)、表语、同位语、逗号、括号、破折号等的解释说明来推测其意思.常见的用来表示同位或解释关系的词或短语有:is, means, or(即,或者说);that is(也就是说);that is to say(也就是说);in other words(换句话说);to put it another way(换句话说);等等.
如:It will be very hard but also very brittle -that is, it will break easily.( )
解析:从that is后面的解释中我们可以了解到brittle表示的意思是“脆弱的,易碎的”.
(4)根据转折或对比关系:由上下句之间的转折或对比关系来推测词义或者通过同义词和反义词的关系猜词.
如:She is usually prompt for all her classes, but today she arrived in the middle of her first class.( )
解析:but一词表转折,因此but前后的意思正相反.后半句的意思是她今天“第一节课上了一半才来”,因此反向推理,可得出她平时一向“准时”的结论.
(5)根据因果关系:根据前后的因果关系来推断其中的某个生词或短语的意思.既可由因推果,也可由果推因.通过因果关系猜词,首先要找出生词与上下文之间的逻辑关系,然后才能猜词.
如:You shouldn't have blamed him for that, for it wasn't his fault.( )
解析:通过for引出的句子所表示的原因(那不是他的错),可猜出blame的词义是“责备”.
(6)根据列举的实例:根据such as, for example等后面列举的实例也可推测出前面某个词语的意思.
如:Cars must have certain safety devices such as seat belts, headlights, and good brakes.( )
解析:根据such as后面列举的内容可知devices应该表示“装置”.
(7)根据并列同类关系:一般说来,并列的几个事物应属同类事物,由此可推测其中一个的大概意思.
如:Bananas, oranges, pineapples, coconuts and some other kinds of fruit grow in warm areas.( )
解析:假如pineapples和coconuts是生词,我们可以从这两个词在句中所处的位置来判断它们大致的意思.从句中不难看出pineapples, coconuts和 bananas, oranges是同类关系,同属fruit类,因此它们是两样水果,准确地说,是菠萝和椰子.
(8)根据描述猜词:描述作者为帮助读者更深更感性地了解某人或某物而对该人或该物做出的外在相貌或内在特征的描写.
如:The penguin is a kind of sea bird living in the South Pole. It is fat and walks in a funny way. Although it cannot fly, it can swim in the icy water to catch the fish.( )
解析:从例句的描述中可知penguin是一种生活在南极的鸟类(企鹅).后面更详尽地描述了该鸟类的生活习性.
新知三 阅读理解之主旨大意题
1.找主题句的方法
用浏览法(skimming),即快速阅读文首、文尾,或每段的首句和尾句等,搜索主题线索和主题信息.首段出现疑问句时,对该问题的回答很可能就是文章主旨.作者有意识地反复重复的观点,通常是主旨;反复出现的词语,一般为体现文章主旨的关键词.表示总结或结论的词语有 therefore, thus, in short, conclude, conclusion等.
2.关于干扰项和正确答案
干扰项可能是文中某个具体事实或细节;可能是文中某些(不完全的)事实或细节片面推出的错误结论;可能是非文章事实的主观臆断.正确答案是根据文章意思全面理解而归纳概括出来的,但不能太笼统、言过其实或以偏概全.
3.主旨大意题常见的设问方式
(1)What's the main idea of this passage
(2)What does the passage mainly tell us
(3)The writer means to tell us that________.
(4)The main idea/point of the passage is that________.
(5)From the passage, we can learn/conclude.
(6)What can we know from the whole passage
(7)The last paragraph is chiefly concerned with________.
(8)What's the best title for the passage
新知四 阅读理解之推理判断题
1.解答这类题的一般步骤是:(1)定位信息:通过寻读找到相关信息点.(2)字面理解:理解相关信息点的字面意义.(3)深层理解:结合语境和常识,在字面意义的基础上进行符合逻辑的推断,从而理解作者的言外之意.
2.推理判断题常见的命题方式有:
(1)We can guess the writer of the letter may be a________.
(2)We can infer from the text that________.
(3)It can be inferred from the text that________.
(4)From the story we can guess________.
(5)From the text we know that________.
(6)What would happen if...
(7)The story/passage implies that________.
(8)It may be concluded from the passage that________.
典例解析\归类探秘
题型一 阅读理解之事实细节题
例题1
In the animal kingdom, weakness can bring about aggression in other animals. This sometimes happens with humans also. But I have found that my weakness brings out the kindness in people. I see it every day when people hold doors for me, pour cream into my coffee, or help me to put on my coat. And I have discovered that it makes them happy.
From my wheelchair experience, I see the best in people, but sometimes I feel sad because those who appear independent miss the kindness I see daily. They don't get to see this soft side of others. Often, we try every way possible to avoid showing our weakness, which includes a lot of pretending. But only when we stop pretending we're brave or strong do we allow people to show the kindness that's in them.
(1)The author has discovered that people will feel happy when________.
A. they offer their help
B. they receive others' help
C. they feel others' kindness
D. they show their weakness
(2)The author feels sad sometimes because________.
A .he has a soft heart
B. he relies much on others
C. some people pretend to be kind
D. some people fail to see the kindness in others
思路点拨:(1)事实细节题.由第一段最后一句可知答案.关键是理解该句中的it,它指的是前文中的“the kindness in people”,其具体行为是“people hold doors for me, pour cream into my coffee, or help me to put on my coat”,人们的这些行为概括起来,就是 they offer their help.文中信息与选项表述的关系是具体与概括的关系.选A.(2)事实细节题.由第二段第1句中but 后的内容可知,选项D中用some people 代替了文中的 those who appear independent,用 fail to see 代替了文中的 miss.这是近义替换.选D.
即学即练
I was blind, but I was ashamed of it if it was known. I refused to use a white stick and hated asking for help. After all, I was a teenage girl, and I couldn't bear people to look at me and think I was not like them. I must have been a terrible danger on the ing across me wandering through the traffic, motorists probably would have to step rapidly on their brakes. Apart from that, there were all sorts of disasters that used to occur on the way to and from work.
1.The girl refused to ask for help because she thought________.
A. she might be recognized
B. asking for help looked silly
C. she was normal and independent
D. being found blind was embarrassing
答案:
D
例题2
Susan Sontag (1933-2004)was one of the most noticeable figures in the world of literature. For more than 40 years she made it morally necessary to know everything - to read every book worth reading, to see every movie worth seeing. When she was still in her early 30s, publishing essays in such important magazines as Partisan Review., she appeared as the symbol of American culture life, trying hard to follow every new development in literature, film and art. With great effort and serious judgment. Sontag walked at the latest edges of world culture.
Seriousness was one of Sontage's lifelong watchwords(格言).But at a time when the barriers between the well-educated and the poor-educated were obvious, she argued for a true openness to the pleasure of pop culture. In “Notes Camp”, the 1964 essay that first made her name, she explained what was then a little - known set of difficult understandings, through which she could not have been more famous. “Notes on Camp”, she wrote, represents “a victory of 'form' over 'content', “beauty 'over' morals'”.
By conviction(信念)she was a sensualist(感觉论者),but by nature she was a moralist, and in the works she published in the 1970s and 1980s,it was the latter side of her that came forward. In illness as Metaphor-published in 1978, after she suffered cancer-she argued against the idea that cancer was somehow a special problem of repressed personalities, a concept that effectively blamed the victim for the disease. In fact, re-examining old positions was her lifelong habit.
In America, her story of a 19th century Polish actress who set up a perfect society in California, won the National Book Award in 2000. But it was as a tireless, all-purpose cultural view that she made her lasting fame. “Sometimes,” she once said,“ I feel that, in the end, all I am really defending... is the idea of seriousness, of true seriousness.” And in the end, she made us take it seriously too.
1. The underlined sentence in paragraph 1 means Sontag________.
A. was a symbol of American cultural life
B. developed world literature, film and art
C. published many essays about world culture
D. kept pace with the newest development of world culture
2. She first won her name through________.
A. her story of a Polish actress
B. her book illness as Metaphor
C. publishing essays in magazines like partisan Review
D. her explanation of a set of difficult understandings
3.According to the passage, Susan Sontag________.
A. was a sensualist as well as a moralist
B. looked down upon the pop culture
C. thought content was more important than form
D. blamed the victim of cancer for being repressed
4.As for Susan Sontag's lifelong habit, she________.
A. misunderstood the idea of seriousness
B.re-examined old positions
C. argued for an openness to pop culture
D. preferred morals to beauty
5. Susan Sontag's lasting fame was made upon________.
A. a tireless, all-purpose cultural view
B .her lifelong watchword: seriousness
C. publishing books on morals
D. enjoying books worth reading and movies worth seeing
思路点拨:1.根据本句:Sontag walked at the latest edges of world culture.翻译该句即可知“走在世界文化的边缘”就是“与世界文化的新发展同步”.故D正确.2.根据 the 1964 essay that first made her name ,she explained what was then a little-known set of difficult understandings 可知D正确.3.根据By conviction(信念)she was a sensualist(感觉论者),but by nature she was a moralist(伦理学者)可知A正确.4.根据 re-examining old positions
was her lifelong lifelong habit 可知B正确.5.根据But it was as a tireless all-purposer cultural view that she made her lasting fame 可知A正确.点评:文章介绍了美国著名作家Susan Sontag的情况.本文难度较大,因为文章中对她的个人思想介绍较多,虽然考查的以细节题为主,但在阅读的时候要注意仔细地筛选辨析文章所给出的信息.
即学即练
Tales From Animal Hospital
David Grant
David Grant has become a familiar face to millions of fans of Animal Hospital. Here Dr Grant tells us the very best of his personal stories about the animals he has treated, including familiar patients such as the dogs Snowy and Duchess, the delightful cat Marigold Serendipity Diamond. He also takes the reader behind the scenes at Harmsworth Memorial Animal Hospital as he describes his day, from ordinary medical check ups to surgery. Tales from Animal Hospital will delight all fans of the programme and anyone who has a lively interest in their pet, whether it be cat, dog or snake!
14.99 Hardback 272pp Simon Schuster
ISBN 0751304417
2.What is Animal Hospital
A.A news story. B.A popular book. C.A research report. D.A TV programme.
答案:
D
题型二 阅读理解之词义猜测题
例题3
Can dogs and cats live in perfect harmony in the same home People who are thinking about adopting a dog as a friend for their cats are worried that they will fight. A recent research has found a new recipe of success.
According to the study, if the cat is adopted before the dog, and if they are introduced when still young (less than 6 months for cats, a year for dogs), it is highly probable that the two pets will get along swimmingly. Two-thirds of the homes interviewed reported a positive relationship between their cat and dog.
The underlined word “swimmingly” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to________.
A. early B. sweetly C. quickly D. smoothly
思路点拨:意义猜测题.第一句提出问题“猫狗能否同屋和谐相处 ”,第二句讲人们“担心猫狗打架”,第三句说最新的研究发现成功解决猫狗打架的“新秘方(a new recipe of success)”,接下来就应是“秘方”了.即 swimmingly 所在句便是发现的“秘方”,本句前面是条件,有了这些条件(即“秘方”),两者就会“相处好”了;再由本句后面一句中的a positive relationship between their cat and dog 可以进一步确定猫狗“相处得好”.选D.
即学即练
I
Before the 1830s, most newspapers were sold through annual subscriptions in America, usually ＄8 to $10 a year. Today $8 or $10 seems a small amount of money, but at that time these amounts were forbidding to most citizens. Accordingly, newspapers were read almost only by rich people in politics or the trades. In addition, most newspapers had little in them that would appeal to a mass audience. They were dull and visually forbidding. But the revolution that was taking place in the 1830s would change all that.
The trend, then, was toward the “penny paper”－a term referring to papers made widely available to the public. It meant any inexpensive newspaper; perhaps more importantly it meant newspapers that could be bought in single copies on the street.
This development did not take place overnight. It had been possible(but not easy) to buy single copies of newspapers before 1830, but this usually meant the reader had to go down to the printer's office to purchase a copy. Street sales were almost unknown. However, within a few years, street sales of newspapers would be commonplace in eastern cities. At first the price of single copies was seldom a penny-usually two or three cents was charged-and some of the older well-known papers charged five or six cents. But the phrase “penny paper” caught the public's fancy, and soon there would be papers that did indeed sell for only a penny.
This new trend of newspapers for“ the man on the street” did not begin well. Some of the early ventures(企业)were immediate failures. Publishers already in business, people who were owners of successful papers, had little desire to change the tradition. It took a few youthful and daring businessmen to get the ball rolling.
3. Which of the following best describes newspapers in America before the 1830s
A.Academic. B.Unattractive. C.Inexpensive. D.Confidential.
4.What did street sales mean to newspapers
A. They would be priced higher.
B. They would disappear from cities.
C. They could have more readers.
D. They could regain public trust.
5. Who were the newspapers of the new trend targeted at
A.Local politicians. B.Common people. C.Young publishers. D.Rich businessmen.
6.What can we say about the birth of the penny paper
A. It was a difficult process.
B. It was a temporary success.
C. It was a robbery of the poor.
D. It was a disaster for printers.
答案:
3.B 4.C 5.B 6.A
II
If the wind is blowing from the side, it is blowing across the boat. In this case, you must keep the sail half way outside the boat. It should be at a 45° angle to the boat. It needs to be out far enough to catch the wind, but it shouldn't flap(摆动). It shouldn't look like on a flagpole. If it is flapping, it is probably out too far, and the boat will slow down.
7.What does the word “It" underlined in Paragraph 4 refer to
A.The boat B.The wind C.The sail D.The angle
C
III
Some plants pump out smelly chemicals to keep insects away. But others do double duty. They pump out perfumes designed to attract different insects who are natural enemies to the attackers. Once they arrive, the tables are turned. The attacker who was lunching now becomes lunch.
8. What does the author mean by “the tables are turned" in paragraph 3
A. The attackers get attacked.
B. The insects gather under the table.
C. The plants get ready to fight back.
D. The perfumes attract natural enemies.
答案:
A
IV
I am Peter Hodes. a volunteer stem cell courier. Since March 2012, I've done 89 trips-of those, 51 have been abroad. I have 42 hours to carry stem cells(干细胞)in my little box because I've got two ice packs and that's how long they last. In all, from the time the stem cells are harvested from a donor(捐献者)to the time they can be implanted in the patient, we've got 72 hours at most. So I am always conscious of time.
9. Which of the following can replace the underlined word "courier" in Paragraph 1
A. provider B. delivery man C. collector D. medical doctor
答案:
B
V
There are also varieties developed to suit specific local conditions. One of the very best varieties for eating quality is Orleans Reinette, but you'll need a warm, sheltered place with perfect soil to grow it, so it's a pipe dream for most apple lovers who fall for it.
10. What does the underlined phrase “a pipe dream” in Paragraph 3 mean
A.A practical idea B. A vain hope C. A brilliant plan D. A selfish desire
答案:
B
题型三 阅读理解之主旨大意题
例题4
We are fortunate that in such a large, high-pressure office we all get along so well.
You are one of the people who keep the social temperature at such a comfortable setting. I don't know anyone in the office who is better liked than you. You can perhaps help with this. The collection of contributions towards gifts for employees' personal-life events is becoming a little troubling. Certainly, the group sending of a gift is reasonable now and then. In the past month, however, there have been collections for two baby shower gifts, one wedding shower gift, two wedding gifts, one funeral remembrance, four birthday gifts, and three graduation gifts.
It's not only the collected-from who are growing uncomfortable ( and poor), but the collected-for feel uneasy receiving gifts from people who don't know them outside the office, who wouldn't even recognize their graduating children, their marrying daughters and sons, or their dead relatives.
This is basically a kind gesture (and one that people think well of you for), but the practice seems to have become too wide-ranging and feels improper in today's office setting. Thank you for understanding.
This is basically a letter of________.
A. apology B. sympathy C. appreciation D. dissatisfaction
思路点拨:这封信对某人说明了一些收取礼物费用的好处和带来的一些麻烦,请求他能够理解,所以推断他可能不进行这种习俗了.文中最后还说明,这是一慈善的举动,想说服某人继续维持这种交钱买礼物的习俗.从写信人的语气中可以看出,这是一封表示不满情绪的信.选D.
即学即练
I
Cassandra Feeley finds it hard to manage on her husband's income. So this year she did something more than a hobby: She planted vegetables in her yard. For her first garden, Ms. Feeley has put in 15 tomato plants, and five rows of a variety of vegetables. The family's old farm house has become a chicken house, its residents arriving next month. Last year, Ms. Rita Gartin kept a small garden. This year she has made it much larger because, she said," The cost of everything is going up and I was looking to lose a few pounds, too; so it's a win-win situation all around.”
They are among the growing number of Americans who, driven by higher living costs and a falling economy, have taken up vegetables gardening for the first time. Others have increased the size of their existing gardens. Seed companies and garden shops say not since the 1970s has there been such an increase in interest in growing food at home. Now many gardens across the country have been sold out for several months. In Austin, Tex, some of the gardens have a three-year waiting list.
George C. Ball Jr., owner of a company, said sales of vegetables seeds and plants are up by 40% over last year, double the average growth of the last five years. Mr. Ball argues that some of the reasons have been building for the last few years. The big one is the striking rise in the cost of food like bread and milk, together with the increases in the price of fruits and vegetables. Food prices have increased because of higher oil prices. People are now driving less, taking fewer vacations, so there is more time to garden.
11. Which of the following might be the best title for the text
A. Family Food Planning
B. Banking on Gardening
C.A Belt-tightening Move
D. Gardening as a Hobby
答案:
C
II
Bacteria are an annoying problem for astronauts. The microorganisms(微生物)from our bodies grow uncontrollably on surfaces of the International Space Station, so astronauts spend hours cleaning them up each week. How is NASA overcoming this very tiny big problem It's turning to a bunch of high school kids. But not just any kids. It depending on NASA HUNCH high school class, like the one science teachers Gene Gordon and Donna Himmelberg lead at Fairport High School in Fairport, New York.
HUNCH is designed to connect high school classrooms with NASA engineers. For the past two years, Gordon's students have been studying ways to kill bacteria in zero gravity, and they think they're close to a solution(解决方案).“We don't give the students any breaks. They have to do it just like NASA engineers,” says Florence Gold, a project manager.
“There are no tests,” Gordon says.“There is no graded homework. There almost are no grades, other than' Are you working towards your goal ' Basically, it's 'I've got to produce this product and then, at the end of year, present it to NASA.' Engineers come and really do an in-person review, and...it's not a very nice thing at time. It's a hard business review of your product.”
Gordon says the HUNCH program has an impact(影响)on college admissions and practical life skills. “These kids are so absorbed in their studies that I just sit back. I don't teach.” And that annoying bacteria Gordon says his students are emailing daily with NASA engineers about the problem, readying a workable solution to test in space.
12. What is the purpose of the HUNCH program
A. To strengthen teacher-student relationships.
B. To sharpen students' communication skills.
C. To allow students to experience zero gravity.
D. To link space technology with school education
13.What is the best title for the text
A.NASA: The Home of Astronauts.
B. Space: The Final Homework Frontier.
C. Nature: An Outdoor Classroom.
D.HUNCH:A College Admission Reform.
答案:
12.D 13.D
题型四 阅读理解之推理判断题
例题5
The position was offered at the last minute, and I was given two weeks to prepare, a period I spent searching for a briefcase(公文包)and standing before my full-length mirror, repeating the words, “Hello, class. I'm Mr. Davis.” Sometimes I would give myself an aggressive voice. Sometimes I would sound experienced. But when the day eventually came, my nerves kicked in and the true Mr. Davis was there, I sounded not like a thoughtful professor, but rather a 12-year-old boy.
What can we learn about the author from the paragraph
A. He would be aggressive in his first class.
B. He was well-prepared for his first class.
C. He got nervous upon the arrival of his first class.
D. He waited long for the arrival of his first class
思路点拨:推理判断题.根批本段中的“But when the day eventually came, my nerves kicked in and the true Mr. Davis was there. "和“I sounded not like a thoughtful professor, but rather a 12-year old boy.”可知本题选C.
即学即练
Skeptics are a strange lot. Some of them refuse to admit the serious threat of human activities to the environment, and they are tired of people who disagree with them. Those people, say skeptics, spread noting but bad news about the environment. The "eco-guilt” brought on by the discouraging news about our planet gives rise to the popularity of skeptics as people search for more comforting worldviews.
14.According to the passage, which of the following may be regarded as“ skeptics”
A. People who agree on the popularity of “eco-guilt”.
B. People who disbelieve the serious situation of our planet.
C. People who dislike the harmful effect of human activities.
D. People who spread comforting news to protect our environment.
答案:
B
例题6
Parents should stop blaming themselves because there's not a lot they can do about it. I mean the teenager problem. Whatever you do or however you choose to deal with it, at certain times a wonderful, reasonable and helpful child will turn into a terrible animal.
I've seen friends deal with it in all kinds of different ways. One strict mother insisted that her son, right from a child, should stand up whenever anyone entered the room, open doors and shake hands like a gentleman. I saw him last week when I called round. Sprawling himself(懒散地躺)on the sofa in full length, he made no attempt to turn off the loud TV he was watching as I walked in, and his greeting was no more than a quick glance at me. His mother was ashamed. “I don't know what to do with him these days,” she said. “He's forgotten all the manners we taught him.”
He hasn't forgotten them. He' s just decided that he's not going to use them. She confessed that she would like to come up behind him and throw him down from the sofa onto the floor.
Another good friend of mine let her two daughters climb all over the furniture, reach across the table, stare at me and say,“ I don't like your dress; it's ugly.” One of the daughters has recently been driven out of school. The other has left home.
“Where did we go wrong ” Her parents are now very sad. Probably nowhere much. At least, no more than the rest of that unfortunate race, parents.
1.This text is most probably written by________.
A. a specialist in teenager studies
B. a headmaster of a middle school
C. a parent with teenage children
D. a doctor for mental health problems
2. The underlined word “it" in the second paragraph refers to________.
A. the change from good to bad that's seen in a child
B. die way that parents often blame themselves
C. the opinion that a child has of his parents
D. the advice that parents want their children to follow
3.The boy on the sofa would most probably be described as________.
A.lazy B.quiet C.unusual D.rude
4.From the second example we can infer that the parents of the two daughters________.
A. pay no attention to them
B. are too busy to look after them
C. have come to hate them
D. feel helpless to do much about them
5.What is the author's opinion about the sudden change in teenage children
A. Parents have no choice but to try to accept it.
B. Parents should pay still sore attention to the change.
C. Parents should work more closely with school teachers.
D. Parents are at fault for the change in their children.
思路点拨:父母应该停止抱怨自己因为没有很多他们可以做的事.我指的是青少年问题.你做什么或无论你选择如何去处理这一切,在某些时候,一个美妙的,合理的和有帮助的孩子会变成一个可怕的动物.详细点拨与答案见答案页.
答案:
1.根据短文内容可推知此文最有可能是一位青少年研究专家写的,故选A.
2.根据短文可知it指代的是看见孩子由好变坏的事.故选A.
3.根据生活常识可知选D.
4.根据最后一段“Where did we go wrong ”her parents are now very sad. Probably nowhere much. At least, no more than the rest of that unfortunate race, parents.可知选D.
5.根据短文可知作者对于十几岁孩子的突变所持观点是父母不得不尝试去接受它.所以选A.
即学即练
My first reaction was annoyance. It was Friday afternoon, and I was within an hour of finishing my work for the week. As I was leaving, a nurse brought me one more patient message. The statement read: "Mm. Jones called to say that she has had blurred vision(视觉模糊)ever since her medical test this morning. " I smiled. Suddenly our tests were causing eye problems.
This week my patients had questioned everything. My patient with high blood pressure had stopped coming to her treatment on the advice of an Internet chat room. A woman who had a mental problem was substituting St. John's word for her medication. Now Mrs. Jones was imagining problems. I rolled my eyes.
My second reaction was worry. As I looked through her record, I tried to figure out why she would have blurred vision, but nothing in her record explained the new problem. She's probably just anxious, I thought. Still, she wouldn't have called if she had been all right. I picked up the phone.
What I next felt can only be described as delight. Before I made the call, the nurse ran in: Mrs. Jones called. Her vision is fine. Turns out she picked up the wrong glasses when she left the office. The X-ray technician has been having the same problem. I let out a laugh. Mrs. Jones had been right. Her vision had been blurred. Now we know why.
Finally I felt shame. I came to realize what Mrs. Jones had taught me. I had first known she was wrong, that her anxiety had clouded her judgment. Instead, my medical training had clouded mine. Now I feel thankful that Mrs. Jones figured it out before I made a mistake about our relationship. Patients come to me for my help. They pay me to listen, diagnose, treat and talk. That suggests trust; I must remember that, and trust them too.
15. The writer smiled while reading the patient message because he knew________.
A. Mrs. Jones would ask for more tests
B. the patient was being unreasonable
C. the nurse was joking with him
D. Mrs. Jones would call him
16. What has caused Mrs. Jones' eye problem
A.Wrong glasses. B.Medical checkup. C. Her own imagination. D. Chatting on the Internet.
17. The underlined words “clouded her judgment” in the last paragraph probably mean
A. made her less trustful toward the doctor
B. put her in control of her own feelings
C. made her less able to think clearly
D. put her in a dangerous situation
答案:
15.B 16.A 17.C
验学
I
A possible solution to global warming may be further away than ever, according to a new report published in the journal Nature. Scientists measuring how much of the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide is locked away in the deep ocean by plankton when it dies found that it was significantly less than previous estimates.
Plankton is a natural sponge(海绵)for carbon dioxide. It occurs naturally in the ocean and its growth is stimulated by iron which it uses to photosynthesize(进行光合作用)and grow. When plankton dies it sinks to the bottom of the ocean locking away some of the carbon it has absorbed from the atmosphere. Fertilizing plankton by the artificial addition of iron has long been proposed as a potential way to geo-engineer the removal of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.
Researchers analysed an area of the Southern ocean known to be naturally rich in iron and their report reveals that the amount of carbon sequestered(隐藏)to the deep ocean for a given input of natural iron falls far short of previous geo-engineering estimates, This has serious implications for proposals to influence climate change through iron fertilization of the sea.
Yet some researchers believe that the theory should not be discounted and that more research is needed. Dr. Gary Fones is a marine biogeochemist at the University of Portsmouth's School of Earth and Environmental Science. He was part of the team which carried out the study around the Crozet islands in the Southern ocean. He said:“We know that carbon is transported to the deep ocean and seabed(海底)via the plankton, but the question is how much and for how long ” The combined results of all the studies undertaken so far indicate that there could be other factors influencing the amount of carbon exported.
1.Which statement of the following is the closest to the underlined sentence in the meaning
A. People will never solve the problem of global warming.
B. A solution to the problem of global warming is more effective than ever.
C. It has been found to solve the problem of global warming.
D. There is still a long way to go to solve the problem of global warming.
2. According to the passage, what does plankton use to grow
A. Carbon dioxide B. Iron C. Photosynthesize D. Sea water
3.In which section of a newspaper can you probably find this article
A. Entertainment Report
B. Society News
C. Scientific Exploration
D. Advertisement Information
4.Which of the following statements is NOT true
A. Researchers originally thought that the Southern Ocean is rich in iron resources.
B. Plankton can easily absorb carbon dioxide, which occurs naturally in the ocean.
C. There couldn't be other factors influencing the amount of carbon exported except plankton.
D. When plankton dies it sinks to the bottom of the ocean locking away some of the carbon.
5.In the last paragraph, the author quote Dr. Gary Fones' words in order to show that________.
A. the number of carbon which is transported to the deep ocean and seabed is still further studied
B. the way of carbon which is transported to the deep ocean and seabed is still further studied
C. the time of carbon which is transported to the deep ocean and seabed is still further studied
D. the factors of carbon which is transported to the deep ocean and seabed is still further studied
答案:
1.根据第三段最后一句的阐述,可知由于浮游生物靠铁来生长,它锁定了大量的铁,已严重影响了一些通过海洋里丰富的铁资源来影响气候变化的建议.可知这个方法行不通,故人们还有很长的路要走.选D.
2.由第二段第2句可知,浮游生物的成长是靠它用来进行光合作用和成长的铁来刺激的.选B.
3.文章报道的是试图解决全球变暖问题的一种解决方法,属于科技探索类内容,而非娱乐报道、社会新闻和广告信息.选C.
4.由第三段第1句可知A项正确,由第二段头两句可知B项正确,由文章最后一句话可知C项表述错误,由第二段第3句可知D项也正确.选C.
5.由博士的话“but the question is how much and for how long”可知应选A.
II
In 2001,scientists at Texas A&M University successfully cloned a cat for the first time, but this copy cat is no mirror image of the original. Copy Cat(CC) was the first cat ever cloned. In 2001, researchers at Texas A&M University created the clone from the DNA of a calico cat(三色猫)named Rainbow after a failed attempt at cloning a dog.
Interestingly, Rainbow and Copy Cat are different in many ways. Rainbow's coat is brown and white, while CC's is gray and white; Rainbow is shy, but CC is outgoing and curious.
The differences in the two cats indicate that identical DNA won't necessarily create similar appearances or personalities because there are many other factors that contribute to both surface characteristics and temperament(性情).
CC has since gone on to have three healthy kittens(小猫)via the natural method, and the research that led to her creation became the foundation for a California-based pet cloning company called Genetic Savings & Clone, Inc.
However, the cat cloning project caused criticism from animal welfare groups, which pointed out that millions of cats are killed in shelters each year due to pet overpopulation. They argued that the large sums of money spent on creating more cats could be put to better use providing homes for strays.
There are also objections to the cloning process itself. Many people consider cloning cruel, as it is a process that can lead to deformities and other problems, which is evident in the fact that many clones die within months or even days of creation.
Much to the delight of animal welfare advocates(提倡者),after cloning five cats in total, Genetic Savings & Clone shut down in 2006. The reason for the company's close was its inability to make its cloning technology affordable and thus accessible to mainstream consumers.
1.What is the best title of the passage
A. Cloned Cats-A Surprising Development on Technology
B. Cloned Cats-Cloning Produces Surprising Results
C. Cloned Cats-A Cruel Research in Science
D. Cloned Cats-A Project Caused Criticism
2. Which of the following about CC is TRUE
A. The researchers failed in cloning it in 2001.
B. Its fur is brown and white as the calico cat.
C. It is outgoing and curious as Rainbow,
D. It doesn't have similar personalities as Rainbow.
3. According to the passage, Genetic Savings & Clone, Inc, is founded after cloning________ cat (s),
A. one B. three C, four D. five
4. What's the underlined word in the 6th paragraph similar to
A. Criticism. B. Waste of Money. C. Disability. D. Overpopulation.
5. The reason for the company's demise is that________.
A. cloning is a waste of money
B. cloning is cruel sometimes
C. cloning is inaccessible to most people
D. cloning is affordable to consumers
答案:
1.由文章的主要内容可知.选B.
2.由第二段第2句以及第三段可知.选D.
3.由第四段可判断当CC被克隆后这个地方成了基地.选A.
4.根据该词前后的句子可判断死亡是因为身体上出现问题.选C.
5.根据文章最后一句话可以判断.选C.
III
If you want to become a fluent English speaker you should take some advice. There are four skills in learning English. They are reading, listening, speaking, and writing. The most important thing you must remember is that if you want to improve your speaking and writing skills, you should first master the skills of reading and listening.
Read as much as you can. But your reading must be active. It means that you must think about the meaning of the sentence, the meaning of the unfamiliar words, etc. There is no need for you to pay much attention to grammars or try to understand all the unfamiliar words you come across, but the fact that you see them for the first time and recognize them whenever you see them, for example, in other passages or books, is enough. It would be better to prepare yourself a notebook so you can write down the important words or sentences in it.
As for listening, there are two choices: besides reading, you can listen every day for about 30 minutes. You can only pay attention to your reading and become skillful at your reading, then you can catch up on your listening. Since you have lots of inputs in your mind, you can easily guess what the speaker is going to say. This never means that you should not practice listening. For listening you can listen to cartoons or some movies that are specially made for children, Their languages are easy. Or if you are good at listening you can listen to VOA or BBC programs every day, Again the thing to remember is being active in listening and preferably taking some notes,
1.According to the author, which should you improve first among the four skills
A. Reading and listening.
B. Reading and writing.
C. Writing and speaking.
D. Speaking and listening.
2. The underlined phrase "come across" in paragraph 2 can probably be replaced by“________”.
A. meet by accident B. discover C. find on purpose D. look for
3. The author seems to agree with the view that________.
A. everyone should listen to VOA or BBC programs every day
B. you needn't practice listening if you keep on reading every day
C. being good at reading is helpful in improving your listening
D. you should take notes of whatever you are hearing
4. The passage is mainly about how to________.
A. choose suitable listening materials
B. deal with new words in reading
C. improve your English as quickly as possible
D. become fluent in speaking and writing English
答案:
1.由第一段最后一句可知,作者认为要想提高说和写的能力,首先要掌握读和听.选A.
2.此处是告诉读者没有必要去理解遇到的所有的不熟悉的单词,由此可推知come across 指“偶然遇到”.选A.
3.由第三段第二句可知,作者认为多阅读有助于提高听力.选C.
4.文章第一句话便点明主题,接着用大量篇幅阐述了如何通过提高阅读和听力技能,从而带动说和写的技能,成为a fluent English speaker.选D.
IV
Before you make friends, you have to decide who you want to be your friends. Most people like to have friends who like to do the same thing they do.
The quickest way to make a friend is to smile. When you smile, people think you are friendly and easy to talk to. It may not be easy at first to smile, but remember most people will stay away from a scared(害怕的)or angry looking face.
One easy way to start a conversation with someone is to say something nice about him. Think about how great you feel when someone says something nice to you. Doesn't it make you want to keep talking to that person
Ask your new friends questions about themselves, Who's their favorite singer, where do they live, what do they do after school are all good questions to start a conversation. Make sure you have something to add to the conversation, too. When someone asks you a question, do have an answer for them, There's nothing that will stop a conversation quicker than a shrug for an answer.
Kids who show an interest in other kids and who are kind and friendly make good friends. Remember, everyone wants to be around people who like to do similar(相似的)things and people who are nice to them.
1. This passage gives us some advice on________.
A. how to make friends
B. what kind of person you can make friends with
C. how to start a conversation
D. the importance of smile
2. Most people like to make friends with those________.
A. who are sad every day
B. who share the same interest
C. who are fond of talking
D. who say bad things to them
3. According to the third paragraph, most people enjoy talking to one________.
A. who is always smiling
B. who seems to be friendly
C. who praises them
D. who points out their shortcomings
4. What does the underlined part in this passage mean
A. Being very proud. B. Making no answer. C. Knowing nothing. D. Not hoping to answer.
答案:
1.通读全文可知文章主要讲述了如何交朋友.选A.
2.由第一段第2句和最后一段可知兴趣相同的人容易成为朋友.选B.
3.由第三段第2句可知人们喜欢和表扬自己的人谈话.选C.
4.画线部分与前面的“When someone asks you a question, do have an answer for them.”相对应,因此画线部分的意思是“不做回答”.选B.专题11阅读理解
预学
温故知新\自学巩固
回顾一 阅读理解题的类型
英语阅读理解的设题主要包括:细节理解题、词义猜测题、推理判断题和主旨大意题.
1.考查考生对文章中的主要事实、关键信息的把握和字面意义理解的题目叫细节理解题.此种类型的题属于字面理解层面的题目,一般只要找准了相关细节,通过简单的转换即可答对,为客观题,较容易.
2.词义猜测题是命题人在文章中选出一个关键词(多为生词)或短语甚至是句子,要求考生根据阅读文章掌握的信息并通过上下文来猜测生词、短语或句子在文中正确意义的试题.
3.推理判断题,顾名思义,是考生在理解阅读文章的基础上,要通过上下文及相互之间的关系做出合理推断进而确定答案的题目,主要考查考生对文章言外之意、字里行间隐含意义的理解,属于主观题,往往有一定的难度,不能从文章中直接找到答案.
4.考查考生对短文主题思想或全文梗概的掌握和理解情况的题目叫主旨大意题,也是主观题,要求考生具有较强的综合概括能力,也是难度较大的一题,尤其是标题选择题,往往是最让考生觉得棘手的一类题.
回顾二 解题方法
1.阅读全文,捕捉信息.考生应仔细阅读全文,掌握其大意,了解作者的观点和写作意图,故事的起因、时间、地点以及结局.考生必须在有限的时间内迅速抓住文章的要点,读懂全文.
2.注意首句,抓住中心.俗话说“眼睛是心灵的窗户”,那么一篇文章的眼睛应是题目,而许多阅读题是不给文章题目的.这给考生快速了解全文的中心增加了难度,在这种情况下,考生应特别注意首段和每一自然段的首句以及结尾句.这样才能迅速抓住中心,为正确答题打下良好的基础.
3.优选排除,确定答案.阅读理解题备选答案有三个是干扰项.我们可先排除语法、词法上明显有错误的选项,再排除与短文内容不符的选项,剩下的就是应选答案了,在这个过程中要仔细鉴别,对比各选项的区别.
4.复读全文,检查答案.考生应把短文中考查的信息归纳一遍,再次阅读,检查答案,看看是否前后一致,是否符合逻辑推理,有错及时纠正.
5.阅读三清原则:文章看清,选项看清,题干看清.
链接
真题引路\考点对接
【问题】下列是武汉市的中考真题,你能找准做题的切入点吗
Donna Ashlock, a 14-year-old girl from California, was very sick. She had a bad heart.“Donna needs a new heart,” her doctor said. “She must have a new heart, or she will die soon.”
Felipe Garza, 15, was worried about Donna. Felipe was Donna's friend. He liked Donna very much. He liked her freckles(雀斑),and he liked her smile. Felipe didn't want Donna to die.
Felipe talked to his mother about Donna. “I am going to die, ” Felipe told his mother, “and I am going to give my heart to Donna.”
Felipe's mother didn't pay much attention to Felipe. "Felipe is just kidding, ” she thought. “Felipe is not going to die. He's strong and healthy.”
But Felipe was not healthy. He had terrible headaches sometimes.“My head really hurts, ” he often told his friends. Felipe never told his parents about his headaches.
One morning Felipe woke up with a sharp pain in his head. He was dizzy (眩晕的),and he couldn't breathe. His parents rushed Felipe to the hospital. Doctors at the hospital had terrible news for them. “Felipe's brain is dead,” the doctors said.“We can't save him.”
The parents were very sad. But they remembered Felipe's words.“Felipe wanted to give his heart to Donna,” they told the doctors.
The doctors did several tests. Then they told the parents,“We can give Felipe's heart to Donna.”
The doctors took out Felipe's heart and rushed the heart to Donna. Other doctors took out Donna's heart and put Felipe's heart in her chest. In a short time the heart began to beat.
The operation was a success. Felipe's heart was beating in Donna's chest, but Donna didn't know it. Her parents and doctors didn't tell her. They waited until she was stronger; then they told her about Felipe.“I feel very sad,” Donna said, “but I am thankful to Felipe.”
Three months after the operation Donna went back to school. She has to have regular checkups, and she has to take medicine every day. But she is living a normal life.
Felipe's brother John says,“ Every time we see Donna, we think of Felipe. She has Felipe's heart in her. That gives us great peace.”
1.Felipe was worried about Donna because________ .
A. she had freckles
B. she was very sick
C. she would have a new heart
D. she had a sharp pain in her head
2.We learn from the passage that________.
A. Felipe promised Donna to give her his heart
B. Donna needed a new heart instead of her own
C. the doctors asked Felipe's parents to donate his heart
D. Felipe never told anyone about his terrible headaches
3. Donna knew nothing about Felipe's heart until________.
A. Felipe's parents told her the bad news
B. the operation was going to start
C. she was well and strong enough
D. she went back to school
4.It is clear that________.
A. Felipe's brother often goes to see Donna in hospital
B. Donna can live a normal life without medicine
C. the doctors did several tests during the operation
D. the Garzas have great peace because of Donna
5. Which of the following may probably be the best title for the passage
A.The Gift B.The Operations C.The Peace D.The Illnesses
注意:
初中阶段阅读理解考查要求:(1)考查学生理解短文主旨和主题要义的能力;(2)理解短文具体信息(包括图文转换的信息)的能力;(3)根据短文上下情景猜测单词的能力;(4)根据短文内容判断和推理的能力;(5)理解作者的意图和态度的能力.
高中阶段对阅读理解的主要要求是:(1)掌握所读文章的主旨和大意以及用以说明主旨和大意的事实和细节;(2)既理解具体的事实,也理解抽象的概念;(3)既理解字面意想,也理解根据字面意思可以推断出来的没有明确说出的深沉含义,包括作者的态度、意图等;(4)既理解某句、某段的意义,也理解全篇的逻辑关系,并据此进行推理和判断.
思路点拨
短文大意:本文讲述了一位患严重头疼病的男孩死后将其心脏捐赠给他患有心脏病的朋友挽救朋友生命的故事,让人感受到真正的朋友之间真挚深厚的情谊,无私的关爱,令人为之感动.
第1讲 阅读理解之题型分析
探学
知识拓展\深度衔接
新知一 阅读理解之事实细节题
1.解题原则:忠实于原文及全篇的逻辑关系,决不能主观臆断.
2.文章中心是论点,事实细节是论据或主要理由;有关细节的问题通常是对文中某个词语、某个句子、某个段落等细节及事实进行提问,所提问题一般可直接或间接在文章中找到答案.
3.提问的特殊疑问词常有:what, who, which, where, how, why等.
4.在阅读理解中,事实细节题常见的命题方式如下:
(1)Which of the following is right
(2)Which of the following is NOT true according to the information in the passage
(3)Which of the following statements is correct according to the passage
(4)Which of the following is NOT true in the passage
(5)Which of the following is NOT mentioned
(6)Which of the following is mentioned in the passage
(7)The writer mentions all of the items listed below except________.
(8)What is the example of ... as described in the passage
(9)From this passage we know that________.
(10)In the passage, the author states that________.
新知二 阅读理解之词义猜测题
1.此类题的一般提问形式
(1)The word “ABC” in the passage probably means________.
(2)The underlined word“ ABC” in the passage refers to / means________.
(3)Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word in the second paragraph
(4)The underlined sentence in the last paragraph means________.
(5)The word“ it(them)” in the first paragraph refers to________.
(6)Which of the following is nearest/closest in meaning to “...”
2.猜词技巧点拨
解答这类试题最重要的方法是理解含生词部分的上下文(也就是人们常说的语境)来推测其意思.以下是可供参考的几个小技巧:
(1)根据近义词关系:一是要看由and或or连接的同义词词组;二是看在进一步解释的过程中使用的同义词.作者可能会用一个近义词或者同义词去解释另一个更难的词.
如:At the beginning they did not have enough capital to start a business, nor were they able to borrow the amount of money they needed from the bank.( )
解析:根据nor结构后的money, bank可以推测capital在这里不是指首都而是指“资金”.
(2)根据反义词关系:作者常常用反义词来使文章更具表现力,我们可以利用反义词作为线索去猜句中出现的生词的意思.一是看表转折关系的连词或副词,如but, while, however等;二是看与not搭配的或表示否定意义的词语.
如:He is so homely, not at all as handsome as his brother.( )
解析:根据 not at all...handsome 我们不难推测出homely的意思,即“不英俊的,不漂亮的”.
(3)根据同位或解释关系:当作者不能肯定读者能够理解他的意思时,他会用另外一种方式陈述自己的观点.此时,可以通过生词后的定语(定语从句或分词短语等)、表语、同位语、逗号、括号、破折号等的解释说明来推测其意思.常见的用来表示同位或解释关系的词或短语有:is, means, or(即,或者说);that is(也就是说);that is to say(也就是说);in other words(换句话说);to put it another way(换句话说);等等.
如:It will be very hard but also very brittle -that is, it will break easily.( )
解析:从that is后面的解释中我们可以了解到brittle表示的意思是“脆弱的,易碎的”.
(4)根据转折或对比关系:由上下句之间的转折或对比关系来推测词义或者通过同义词和反义词的关系猜词.
如:She is usually prompt for all her classes, but today she arrived in the middle of her first class.( )
解析:but一词表转折,因此but前后的意思正相反.后半句的意思是她今天“第一节课上了一半才来”,因此反向推理,可得出她平时一向“准时”的结论.
(5)根据因果关系:根据前后的因果关系来推断其中的某个生词或短语的意思.既可由因推果,也可由果推因.通过因果关系猜词,首先要找出生词与上下文之间的逻辑关系,然后才能猜词.
如:You shouldn't have blamed him for that, for it wasn't his fault.( )
解析:通过for引出的句子所表示的原因(那不是他的错),可猜出blame的词义是“责备”.
(6)根据列举的实例:根据such as, for example等后面列举的实例也可推测出前面某个词语的意思.
如:Cars must have certain safety devices such as seat belts, headlights, and good brakes.( )
解析:根据such as后面列举的内容可知devices应该表示“装置”.
(7)根据并列同类关系:一般说来,并列的几个事物应属同类事物,由此可推测其中一个的大概意思.
如:Bananas, oranges, pineapples, coconuts and some other kinds of fruit grow in warm areas.( )
解析:假如pineapples和coconuts是生词,我们可以从这两个词在句中所处的位置来判断它们大致的意思.从句中不难看出pineapples, coconuts和 bananas, oranges是同类关系,同属fruit类,因此它们是两样水果,准确地说,是菠萝和椰子.
(8)根据描述猜词:描述作者为帮助读者更深更感性地了解某人或某物而对该人或该物做出的外在相貌或内在特征的描写.
如:The penguin is a kind of sea bird living in the South Pole. It is fat and walks in a funny way. Although it cannot fly, it can swim in the icy water to catch the fish.( )
解析:从例句的描述中可知penguin是一种生活在南极的鸟类(企鹅).后面更详尽地描述了该鸟类的生活习性.
新知三 阅读理解之主旨大意题
1.找主题句的方法
用浏览法(skimming),即快速阅读文首、文尾,或每段的首句和尾句等,搜索主题线索和主题信息.首段出现疑问句时,对该问题的回答很可能就是文章主旨.作者有意识地反复重复的观点,通常是主旨;反复出现的词语,一般为体现文章主旨的关键词.表示总结或结论的词语有 therefore, thus, in short, conclude, conclusion等.
2.关于干扰项和正确答案
干扰项可能是文中某个具体事实或细节;可能是文中某些(不完全的)事实或细节片面推出的错误结论;可能是非文章事实的主观臆断.正确答案是根据文章意思全面理解而归纳概括出来的,但不能太笼统、言过其实或以偏概全.
3.主旨大意题常见的设问方式
(1)What's the main idea of this passage
(2)What does the passage mainly tell us
(3)The writer means to tell us that________.
(4)The main idea/point of the passage is that________.
(5)From the passage, we can learn/conclude.
(6)What can we know from the whole passage
(7)The last paragraph is chiefly concerned with________.
(8)What's the best title for the passage
新知四 阅读理解之推理判断题
1.解答这类题的一般步骤是:(1)定位信息:通过寻读找到相关信息点.(2)字面理解:理解相关信息点的字面意义.(3)深层理解:结合语境和常识,在字面意义的基础上进行符合逻辑的推断,从而理解作者的言外之意.
2.推理判断题常见的命题方式有:
(1)We can guess the writer of the letter may be a________.
(2)We can infer from the text that________.
(3)It can be inferred from the text that________.
(4)From the story we can guess________.
(5)From the text we know that________.
(6)What would happen if...
(7)The story/passage implies that________.
(8)It may be concluded from the passage that________.
典例解析\归类探秘
题型一 阅读理解之事实细节题
例题1
In the animal kingdom, weakness can bring about aggression in other animals. This sometimes happens with humans also. But I have found that my weakness brings out the kindness in people. I see it every day when people hold doors for me, pour cream into my coffee, or help me to put on my coat. And I have discovered that it makes them happy.
From my wheelchair experience, I see the best in people, but sometimes I feel sad because those who appear independent miss the kindness I see daily. They don't get to see this soft side of others. Often, we try every way possible to avoid showing our weakness, which includes a lot of pretending. But only when we stop pretending we're brave or strong do we allow people to show the kindness that's in them.
(1)The author has discovered that people will feel happy when________.
A. they offer their help
B. they receive others' help
C. they feel others' kindness
D. they show their weakness
(2)The author feels sad sometimes because________.
A .he has a soft heart
B. he relies much on others
C. some people pretend to be kind
D. some people fail to see the kindness in others
即学即练
I was blind, but I was ashamed of it if it was known. I refused to use a white stick and hated asking for help. After all, I was a teenage girl, and I couldn't bear people to look at me and think I was not like them. I must have been a terrible danger on the ing across me wandering through the traffic, motorists probably would have to step rapidly on their brakes. Apart from that, there were all sorts of disasters that used to occur on the way to and from work.
1.The girl refused to ask for help because she thought________.
A. she might be recognized
B. asking for help looked silly
C. she was normal and independent
D. being found blind was embarrassing
例题2
Susan Sontag (1933-2004)was one of the most noticeable figures in the world of literature. For more than 40 years she made it morally necessary to know everything - to read every book worth reading, to see every movie worth seeing. When she was still in her early 30s, publishing essays in such important magazines as Partisan Review., she appeared as the symbol of American culture life, trying hard to follow every new development in literature, film and art. With great effort and serious judgment. Sontag walked at the latest edges of world culture.
Seriousness was one of Sontage's lifelong watchwords(格言).But at a time when the barriers between the well-educated and the poor-educated were obvious, she argued for a true openness to the pleasure of pop culture. In “Notes Camp”, the 1964 essay that first made her name, she explained what was then a little - known set of difficult understandings, through which she could not have been more famous. “Notes on Camp”, she wrote, represents “a victory of 'form' over 'content', “beauty 'over' morals'”.
By conviction(信念)she was a sensualist(感觉论者),but by nature she was a moralist, and in the works she published in the 1970s and 1980s,it was the latter side of her that came forward. In illness as Metaphor-published in 1978, after she suffered cancer-she argued against the idea that cancer was somehow a special problem of repressed personalities, a concept that effectively blamed the victim for the disease. In fact, re-examining old positions was her lifelong habit.
In America, her story of a 19th century Polish actress who set up a perfect society in California, won the National Book Award in 2000. But it was as a tireless, all-purpose cultural view that she made her lasting fame. “Sometimes,” she once said,“ I feel that, in the end, all I am really defending... is the idea of seriousness, of true seriousness.” And in the end, she made us take it seriously too.
1. The underlined sentence in paragraph 1 means Sontag________.
A. was a symbol of American cultural life
B. developed world literature, film and art
C. published many essays about world culture
D. kept pace with the newest development of world culture
2. She first won her name through________.
A. her story of a Polish actress
B. her book illness as Metaphor
C. publishing essays in magazines like partisan Review
D. her explanation of a set of difficult understandings
3.According to the passage, Susan Sontag________.
A. was a sensualist as well as a moralist
B. looked down upon the pop culture
C. thought content was more important than form
D. blamed the victim of cancer for being repressed
4.As for Susan Sontag's lifelong habit, she________.
A. misunderstood the idea of seriousness
B.re-examined old positions
C. argued for an openness to pop culture
D. preferred morals to beauty
5. Susan Sontag's lasting fame was made upon________.
A. a tireless, all-purpose cultural view
B .her lifelong watchword: seriousness
C. publishing books on morals
D. enjoying books worth reading and movies worth seeing
即学即练
Tales From Animal Hospital
David Grant
David Grant has become a familiar face to millions of fans of Animal Hospital. Here Dr Grant tells us the very best of his personal stories about the animals he has treated, including familiar patients such as the dogs Snowy and Duchess, the delightful cat Marigold Serendipity Diamond. He also takes the reader behind the scenes at Harmsworth Memorial Animal Hospital as he describes his day, from ordinary medical check ups to surgery. Tales from Animal Hospital will delight all fans of the programme and anyone who has a lively interest in their pet, whether it be cat, dog or snake!
14.99 Hardback 272pp Simon Schuster
ISBN 0751304417
2.What is Animal Hospital
A.A news story. B.A popular book. C.A research report. D.A TV programme.
题型二 阅读理解之词义猜测题
例题3
Can dogs and cats live in perfect harmony in the same home People who are thinking about adopting a dog as a friend for their cats are worried that they will fight. A recent research has found a new recipe of success.
According to the study, if the cat is adopted before the dog, and if they are introduced when still young (less than 6 months for cats, a year for dogs), it is highly probable that the two pets will get along swimmingly. Two-thirds of the homes interviewed reported a positive relationship between their cat and dog.
The underlined word “swimmingly” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to________.
A. early B. sweetly C. quickly D. smoothly
即学即练
I
Before the 1830s, most newspapers were sold through annual subscriptions in America, usually ＄8 to $10 a year. Today $8 or $10 seems a small amount of money, but at that time these amounts were forbidding to most citizens. Accordingly, newspapers were read almost only by rich people in politics or the trades. In addition, most newspapers had little in them that would appeal to a mass audience. They were dull and visually forbidding. But the revolution that was taking place in the 1830s would change all that.
The trend, then, was toward the “penny paper”－a term referring to papers made widely available to the public. It meant any inexpensive newspaper; perhaps more importantly it meant newspapers that could be bought in single copies on the street.
This development did not take place overnight. It had been possible(but not easy) to buy single copies of newspapers before 1830, but this usually meant the reader had to go down to the printer's office to purchase a copy. Street sales were almost unknown. However, within a few years, street sales of newspapers would be commonplace in eastern cities. At first the price of single copies was seldom a penny-usually two or three cents was charged-and some of the older well-known papers charged five or six cents. But the phrase “penny paper” caught the public's fancy, and soon there would be papers that did indeed sell for only a penny.
This new trend of newspapers for“ the man on the street” did not begin well. Some of the early ventures(企业)were immediate failures. Publishers already in business, people who were owners of successful papers, had little desire to change the tradition. It took a few youthful and daring businessmen to get the ball rolling.
3. Which of the following best describes newspapers in America before the 1830s
A.Academic. B.Unattractive. C.Inexpensive. D.Confidential.
4.What did street sales mean to newspapers
A. They would be priced higher.
B. They would disappear from cities.
C. They could have more readers.
D. They could regain public trust.
5. Who were the newspapers of the new trend targeted at
A.Local politicians. B.Common people. C.Young publishers. D.Rich businessmen.
6.What can we say about the birth of the penny paper
A. It was a difficult process.
B. It was a temporary success.
C. It was a robbery of the poor.
D. It was a disaster for printers.
II
If the wind is blowing from the side, it is blowing across the boat. In this case, you must keep the sail half way outside the boat. It should be at a 45° angle to the boat. It needs to be out far enough to catch the wind, but it shouldn't flap(摆动). It shouldn't look like on a flagpole. If it is flapping, it is probably out too far, and the boat will slow down.
7.What does the word “It" underlined in Paragraph 4 refer to
A.The boat B.The wind C.The sail D.The angle
III
Some plants pump out smelly chemicals to keep insects away. But others do double duty. They pump out perfumes designed to attract different insects who are natural enemies to the attackers. Once they arrive, the tables are turned. The attacker who was lunching now becomes lunch.
8. What does the author mean by “the tables are turned" in paragraph 3
A. The attackers get attacked.
B. The insects gather under the table.
C. The plants get ready to fight back.
D. The perfumes attract natural enemies.
IV
I am Peter Hodes. a volunteer stem cell courier. Since March 2012, I've done 89 trips-of those, 51 have been abroad. I have 42 hours to carry stem cells(干细胞)in my little box because I've got two ice packs and that's how long they last. In all, from the time the stem cells are harvested from a donor(捐献者)to the time they can be implanted in the patient, we've got 72 hours at most. So I am always conscious of time.
9. Which of the following can replace the underlined word "courier" in Paragraph 1
A. provider B. delivery man C. collector D. medical doctor
V
There are also varieties developed to suit specific local conditions. One of the very best varieties for eating quality is Orleans Reinette, but you'll need a warm, sheltered place with perfect soil to grow it, so it's a pipe dream for most apple lovers who fall for it.
10. What does the underlined phrase “a pipe dream” in Paragraph 3 mean
A.A practical idea B. A vain hope C. A brilliant plan D. A selfish desire
题型三 阅读理解之主旨大意题
例题4
We are fortunate that in such a large, high-pressure office we all get along so well.
You are one of the people who keep the social temperature at such a comfortable setting. I don't know anyone in the office who is better liked than you. You can perhaps help with this. The collection of contributions towards gifts for employees' personal-life events is becoming a little troubling. Certainly, the group sending of a gift is reasonable now and then. In the past month, however, there have been collections for two baby shower gifts, one wedding shower gift, two wedding gifts, one funeral remembrance, four birthday gifts, and three graduation gifts.
It's not only the collected-from who are growing uncomfortable ( and poor), but the collected-for feel uneasy receiving gifts from people who don't know them outside the office, who wouldn't even recognize their graduating children, their marrying daughters and sons, or their dead relatives.
This is basically a kind gesture (and one that people think well of you for), but the practice seems to have become too wide-ranging and feels improper in today's office setting. Thank you for understanding.
This is basically a letter of________.
A. apology B. sympathy C. appreciation D. dissatisfaction
即学即练
I
Cassandra Feeley finds it hard to manage on her husband's income. So this year she did something more than a hobby: She planted vegetables in her yard. For her first garden, Ms. Feeley has put in 15 tomato plants, and five rows of a variety of vegetables. The family's old farm house has become a chicken house, its residents arriving next month. Last year, Ms. Rita Gartin kept a small garden. This year she has made it much larger because, she said," The cost of everything is going up and I was looking to lose a few pounds, too; so it's a win-win situation all around.”
They are among the growing number of Americans who, driven by higher living costs and a falling economy, have taken up vegetables gardening for the first time. Others have increased the size of their existing gardens. Seed companies and garden shops say not since the 1970s has there been such an increase in interest in growing food at home. Now many gardens across the country have been sold out for several months. In Austin, Tex, some of the gardens have a three-year waiting list.
George C. Ball Jr., owner of a company, said sales of vegetables seeds and plants are up by 40% over last year, double the average growth of the last five years. Mr. Ball argues that some of the reasons have been building for the last few years. The big one is the striking rise in the cost of food like bread and milk, together with the increases in the price of fruits and vegetables. Food prices have increased because of higher oil prices. People are now driving less, taking fewer vacations, so there is more time to garden.
11. Which of the following might be the best title for the text
A. Family Food Planning
B. Banking on Gardening
C.A Belt-tightening Move
D. Gardening as a Hobby
II
Bacteria are an annoying problem for astronauts. The microorganisms(微生物)from our bodies grow uncontrollably on surfaces of the International Space Station, so astronauts spend hours cleaning them up each week. How is NASA overcoming this very tiny big problem It's turning to a bunch of high school kids. But not just any kids. It depending on NASA HUNCH high school class, like the one science teachers Gene Gordon and Donna Himmelberg lead at Fairport High School in Fairport, New York.
HUNCH is designed to connect high school classrooms with NASA engineers. For the past two years, Gordon's students have been studying ways to kill bacteria in zero gravity, and they think they're close to a solution(解决方案).“We don't give the students any breaks. They have to do it just like NASA engineers,” says Florence Gold, a project manager.
“There are no tests,” Gordon says.“There is no graded homework. There almost are no grades, other than' Are you working towards your goal ' Basically, it's 'I've got to produce this product and then, at the end of year, present it to NASA.' Engineers come and really do an in-person review, and...it's not a very nice thing at time. It's a hard business review of your product.”
Gordon says the HUNCH program has an impact(影响)on college admissions and practical life skills. “These kids are so absorbed in their studies that I just sit back. I don't teach.” And that annoying bacteria Gordon says his students are emailing daily with NASA engineers about the problem, readying a workable solution to test in space.
12. What is the purpose of the HUNCH program
A. To strengthen teacher-student relationships.
B. To sharpen students' communication skills.
C. To allow students to experience zero gravity.
D. To link space technology with school education
13.What is the best title for the text
A.NASA: The Home of Astronauts.
B. Space: The Final Homework Frontier.
C. Nature: An Outdoor Classroom.
D.HUNCH:A College Admission Reform.
题型四 阅读理解之推理判断题
例题5
The position was offered at the last minute, and I was given two weeks to prepare, a period I spent searching for a briefcase(公文包)and standing before my full-length mirror, repeating the words, “Hello, class. I'm Mr. Davis.” Sometimes I would give myself an aggressive voice. Sometimes I would sound experienced. But when the day eventually came, my nerves kicked in and the true Mr. Davis was there, I sounded not like a thoughtful professor, but rather a 12-year-old boy.
What can we learn about the author from the paragraph
A. He would be aggressive in his first class.
B. He was well-prepared for his first class.
C. He got nervous upon the arrival of his first class.
D. He waited long for the arrival of his first class
即学即练
Skeptics are a strange lot. Some of them refuse to admit the serious threat of human activities to the environment, and they are tired of people who disagree with them. Those people, say skeptics, spread noting but bad news about the environment. The "eco-guilt” brought on by the discouraging news about our planet gives rise to the popularity of skeptics as people search for more comforting worldviews.
14.According to the passage, which of the following may be regarded as“ skeptics”
A. People who agree on the popularity of “eco-guilt”.
B. People who disbelieve the serious situation of our planet.
C. People who dislike the harmful effect of human activities.
D. People who spread comforting news to protect our environment.
例题6
Parents should stop blaming themselves because there's not a lot they can do about it. I mean the teenager problem. Whatever you do or however you choose to deal with it, at certain times a wonderful, reasonable and helpful child will turn into a terrible animal.
I've seen friends deal with it in all kinds of different ways. One strict mother insisted that her son, right from a child, should stand up whenever anyone entered the room, open doors and shake hands like a gentleman. I saw him last week when I called round. Sprawling himself(懒散地躺)on the sofa in full length, he made no attempt to turn off the loud TV he was watching as I walked in, and his greeting was no more than a quick glance at me. His mother was ashamed. “I don't know what to do with him these days,” she said. “He's forgotten all the manners we taught him.”
He hasn't forgotten them. He' s just decided that he's not going to use them. She confessed that she would like to come up behind him and throw him down from the sofa onto the floor.
Another good friend of mine let her two daughters climb all over the furniture, reach across the table, stare at me and say,“ I don't like your dress; it's ugly.” One of the daughters has recently been driven out of school. The other has left home.
“Where did we go wrong ” Her parents are now very sad. Probably nowhere much. At least, no more than the rest of that unfortunate race, parents.
1.This text is most probably written by________.
A. a specialist in teenager studies
B. a headmaster of a middle school
C. a parent with teenage children
D. a doctor for mental health problems
2. The underlined word “it" in the second paragraph refers to________.
A. the change from good to bad that's seen in a child
B. die way that parents often blame themselves
C. the opinion that a child has of his parents
D. the advice that parents want their children to follow
3.The boy on the sofa would most probably be described as________.
A.lazy B.quiet C.unusual D.rude
4.From the second example we can infer that the parents of the two daughters________.
A. pay no attention to them
B. are too busy to look after them
C. have come to hate them
D. feel helpless to do much about them
5.What is the author's opinion about the sudden change in teenage children
A. Parents have no choice but to try to accept it.
B. Parents should pay still sore attention to the change.
C. Parents should work more closely with school teachers.
D. Parents are at fault for the change in their children.
即学即练
My first reaction was annoyance. It was Friday afternoon, and I was within an hour of finishing my work for the week. As I was leaving, a nurse brought me one more patient message. The statement read: "Mm. Jones called to say that she has had blurred vision(视觉模糊)ever since her medical test this morning. " I smiled. Suddenly our tests were causing eye problems.
This week my patients had questioned everything. My patient with high blood pressure had stopped coming to her treatment on the advice of an Internet chat room. A woman who had a mental problem was substituting St. John's word for her medication. Now Mrs. Jones was imagining problems. I rolled my eyes.
My second reaction was worry. As I looked through her record, I tried to figure out why she would have blurred vision, but nothing in her record explained the new problem. She's probably just anxious, I thought. Still, she wouldn't have called if she had been all right. I picked up the phone.
What I next felt can only be described as delight. Before I made the call, the nurse ran in: Mrs. Jones called. Her vision is fine. Turns out she picked up the wrong glasses when she left the office. The X-ray technician has been having the same problem. I let out a laugh. Mrs. Jones had been right. Her vision had been blurred. Now we know why.
Finally I felt shame. I came to realize what Mrs. Jones had taught me. I had first known she was wrong, that her anxiety had clouded her judgment. Instead, my medical training had clouded mine. Now I feel thankful that Mrs. Jones figured it out before I made a mistake about our relationship. Patients come to me for my help. They pay me to listen, diagnose, treat and talk. That suggests trust; I must remember that, and trust them too.
15. The writer smiled while reading the patient message because he knew________.
A. Mrs. Jones would ask for more tests
B. the patient was being unreasonable
C. the nurse was joking with him
D. Mrs. Jones would call him
16. What has caused Mrs. Jones' eye problem
A.Wrong glasses. B.Medical checkup. C. Her own imagination. D. Chatting on the Internet.
17. The underlined words “clouded her judgment” in the last paragraph probably mean
A. made her less trustful toward the doctor
B. put her in control of her own feelings
C. made her less able to think clearly
D. put her in a dangerous situation
验学
I
A possible solution to global warming may be further away than ever, according to a new report published in the journal Nature. Scientists measuring how much of the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide is locked away in the deep ocean by plankton when it dies found that it was significantly less than previous estimates.
Plankton is a natural sponge(海绵)for carbon dioxide. It occurs naturally in the ocean and its growth is stimulated by iron which it uses to photosynthesize(进行光合作用)and grow. When plankton dies it sinks to the bottom of the ocean locking away some of the carbon it has absorbed from the atmosphere. Fertilizing plankton by the artificial addition of iron has long been proposed as a potential way to geo-engineer the removal of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.
Researchers analysed an area of the Southern ocean known to be naturally rich in iron and their report reveals that the amount of carbon sequestered(隐藏)to the deep ocean for a given input of natural iron falls far short of previous geo-engineering estimates, This has serious implications for proposals to influence climate change through iron fertilization of the sea.
Yet some researchers believe that the theory should not be discounted and that more research is needed. Dr. Gary Fones is a marine biogeochemist at the University of Portsmouth's School of Earth and Environmental Science. He was part of the team which carried out the study around the Crozet islands in the Southern ocean. He said:“We know that carbon is transported to the deep ocean and seabed(海底)via the plankton, but the question is how much and for how long ” The combined results of all the studies undertaken so far indicate that there could be other factors influencing the amount of carbon exported.
1.Which statement of the following is the closest to the underlined sentence in the meaning
A. People will never solve the problem of global warming.
B. A solution to the problem of global warming is more effective than ever.
C. It has been found to solve the problem of global warming.
D. There is still a long way to go to solve the problem of global warming.
2. According to the passage, what does plankton use to grow
A. Carbon dioxide B. Iron C. Photosynthesize D. Sea water
3.In which section of a newspaper can you probably find this article
A. Entertainment Report
B. Society News
C. Scientific Exploration
D. Advertisement Information
4.Which of the following statements is NOT true
A. Researchers originally thought that the Southern Ocean is rich in iron resources.
B. Plankton can easily absorb carbon dioxide, which occurs naturally in the ocean.
C. There couldn't be other factors influencing the amount of carbon exported except plankton.
D. When plankton dies it sinks to the bottom of the ocean locking away some of the carbon.
5.In the last paragraph, the author quote Dr. Gary Fones' words in order to show that________.
A. the number of carbon which is transported to the deep ocean and seabed is still further studied
B. the way of carbon which is transported to the deep ocean and seabed is still further studied
C. the time of carbon which is transported to the deep ocean and seabed is still further studied
D. the factors of carbon which is transported to the deep ocean and seabed is still further studied
II
In 2001,scientists at Texas A&M University successfully cloned a cat for the first time, but this copy cat is no mirror image of the original. Copy Cat(CC) was the first cat ever cloned. In 2001, researchers at Texas A&M University created the clone from the DNA of a calico cat(三色猫)named Rainbow after a failed attempt at cloning a dog.
Interestingly, Rainbow and Copy Cat are different in many ways. Rainbow's coat is brown and white, while CC's is gray and white; Rainbow is shy, but CC is outgoing and curious.
The differences in the two cats indicate that identical DNA won't necessarily create similar appearances or personalities because there are many other factors that contribute to both surface characteristics and temperament(性情).
CC has since gone on to have three healthy kittens(小猫)via the natural method, and the research that led to her creation became the foundation for a California-based pet cloning company called Genetic Savings & Clone, Inc.
However, the cat cloning project caused criticism from animal welfare groups, which pointed out that millions of cats are killed in shelters each year due to pet overpopulation. They argued that the large sums of money spent on creating more cats could be put to better use providing homes for strays.
There are also objections to the cloning process itself. Many people consider cloning cruel, as it is a process that can lead to deformities and other problems, which is evident in the fact that many clones die within months or even days of creation.
Much to the delight of animal welfare advocates(提倡者),after cloning five cats in total, Genetic Savings & Clone shut down in 2006. The reason for the company's close was its inability to make its cloning technology affordable and thus accessible to mainstream consumers.
1.What is the best title of the passage
A. Cloned Cats-A Surprising Development on Technology
B. Cloned Cats-Cloning Produces Surprising Results
C. Cloned Cats-A Cruel Research in Science
D. Cloned Cats-A Project Caused Criticism
2. Which of the following about CC is TRUE
A. The researchers failed in cloning it in 2001.
B. Its fur is brown and white as the calico cat.
C. It is outgoing and curious as Rainbow,
D. It doesn't have similar personalities as Rainbow.
3. According to the passage, Genetic Savings & Clone, Inc, is founded after cloning________ cat (s),
A. one B. three C, four D. five
4. What's the underlined word in the 6th paragraph similar to
A. Criticism. B. Waste of Money. C. Disability. D. Overpopulation.
5. The reason for the company's demise is that________.
A. cloning is a waste of money
B. cloning is cruel sometimes
C. cloning is inaccessible to most people
D. cloning is affordable to consumers
III
If you want to become a fluent English speaker you should take some advice. There are four skills in learning English. They are reading, listening, speaking, and writing. The most important thing you must remember is that if you want to improve your speaking and writing skills, you should first master the skills of reading and listening.
Read as much as you can. But your reading must be active. It means that you must think about the meaning of the sentence, the meaning of the unfamiliar words, etc. There is no need for you to pay much attention to grammars or try to understand all the unfamiliar words you come across, but the fact that you see them for the first time and recognize them whenever you see them, for example, in other passages or books, is enough. It would be better to prepare yourself a notebook so you can write down the important words or sentences in it.
As for listening, there are two choices: besides reading, you can listen every day for about 30 minutes. You can only pay attention to your reading and become skillful at your reading, then you can catch up on your listening. Since you have lots of inputs in your mind, you can easily guess what the speaker is going to say. This never means that you should not practice listening. For listening you can listen to cartoons or some movies that are specially made for children, Their languages are easy. Or if you are good at listening you can listen to VOA or BBC programs every day, Again the thing to remember is being active in listening and preferably taking some notes,
1.According to the author, which should you improve first among the four skills
A. Reading and listening.
B. Reading and writing.
C. Writing and speaking.
D. Speaking and listening.
2. The underlined phrase "come across" in paragraph 2 can probably be replaced by“________”.
A. meet by accident B. discover C. find on purpose D. look for
3. The author seems to agree with the view that________.
A. everyone should listen to VOA or BBC programs every day
B. you needn't practice listening if you keep on reading every day
C. being good at reading is helpful in improving your listening
D. you should take notes of whatever you are hearing
4. The passage is mainly about how to________.
A. choose suitable listening materials
B. deal with new words in reading
C. improve your English as quickly as possible
D. become fluent in speaking and writing English
IV
Before you make friends, you have to decide who you want to be your friends. Most people like to have friends who like to do the same thing they do.
The quickest way to make a friend is to smile. When you smile, people think you are friendly and easy to talk to. It may not be easy at first to smile, but remember most people will stay away from a scared(害怕的)or angry looking face.
One easy way to start a conversation with someone is to say something nice about him. Think about how great you feel when someone says something nice to you. Doesn't it make you want to keep talking to that person
Ask your new friends questions about themselves, Who's their favorite singer, where do they live, what do they do after school are all good questions to start a conversation. Make sure you have something to add to the conversation, too. When someone asks you a question, do have an answer for them, There's nothing that will stop a conversation quicker than a shrug for an answer.
Kids who show an interest in other kids and who are kind and friendly make good friends. Remember, everyone wants to be around people who like to do similar(相似的)things and people who are nice to them.
1. This passage gives us some advice on________.
A. how to make friends
B. what kind of person you can make friends with
C. how to start a conversation
D. the importance of smile
2. Most people like to make friends with those________.
A. who are sad every day
B. who share the same interest
C. who are fond of talking
D. who say bad things to them
3. According to the third paragraph, most people enjoy talking to one________.
A. who is always smiling
B. who seems to be friendly
C. who praises them
D. who points out their shortcomings
4. What does the underlined part in this passage mean
A. Being very proud. B. Making no answer. C. Knowing nothing. D. Not hoping to answer.

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