资源简介 高考英语语法填空十大词类考点总结一、 名词★考点1:名词变复数[知识清单]名词变复数的规则1. 规则名词的复数形式(语法填空常考,要精通常见的名词变复数规则)规则 例词1 一般情况在词尾加-s map-maps, sea-seas, girl-girls, day-days2 以s, x, ch, sh结尾的名词后加-es class-classes,box-boxes,watch-watches, dish-dishes3 以-f或-fe结尾的词 变-f和-fe为v再加-es leaf-leaves,thief-thieves, knife-knives, wife-wives, half-halves加-s chief-chiefs, proof-proofs, roof-roofs4 以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i加-es party-parties,family-families,story-stories, city-cities5 以元音字母加y结尾的名词,或专有名词以y结尾的,加-s toy-toys,boy-boys,day-days,ray-rays, Henry-Henrys6 以辅音字母加-o结尾的名词 一般加-es Negro-Negroes,hero-heroes,potato-potatoes, tomato-tomatoes一些加-s piano-pianos,photo-photos,auto-autos,kilo-kilos, solo-solos两者皆可 zero-zeros/zeroes,volcano-volcanoes/ volcanos7 以元音字母加-o结尾的名词加-s radio-radios,bamboo-bamboos, zoo-zoos8 以-th结尾的名词加-s truth-truths,mouth-mouths,month-months, path-paths2. 不规则名词的复数形式:英语里有些名词的复数形式是不规则的,虽然语法填空涉及较少,但掌握它对于夯实基础有帮助。现归纳如下:(1)改变名词中的元音字母或其他形式man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, goose-geese, mouse-mice(2)单复数相同sheep, deer, means, works, fish, yuan(3)只有复数形式trousers, clothes, thanks, goods, glasses,(4)一些集体名词总是用作复数people, police(5)部分集体名词既可以作单数(整体)也可以作复数(成员)class, family, crowd, couple, group, government, population, team, public, party(6)复数形式表示特别含义customs(海关), times(时代), spirits(情绪), drinks(饮料), sands(沙滩), papers(文件报纸), looks(外表), brains(头脑智力), greens(青菜)(7)表示“某国人”①加-sAmericans, Australians, Germans, Greeks, Swedes, Europeans②单复数同形Swiss, Portuguese, Chinese, Japanese③以-man或-woman结尾的改为-men,-womenEnglishmen, Frenchwomen(8)合成名词①将主体名词变为复数sons-in-law, lookers-on, passers-by, story-tellers, boy friends②无主体名词时将最后一部分变为复数grown-ups, housewives, stopwatches③将两部分变为复数women singers, men servants[技法指导]若提示词名词有以下情况时要考虑名词的复数:(1)有数词或these、 those、 several、 few、 many、 all、 both、 various、 different等词修饰时,用名词的复数形式;(2)名词前有one of时,用名词的复数形式;(3)若谓语动词是复数形式,则空处应用名词的复数形式。★考点2:名词变所有格[知识清单]名词在句中表示所有关系的语法形式叫做名词所有格。所有格分两种:一是名词词尾加’s构成,二是由介词of加名词构成。现详细归纳如下:1. ’s 所有格的构成规则 例子单数名词在末尾加’s the boy’s father, Jack’s book, her son-in-law’s photo复数名词 一般在末尾加’ the teachers’ room, the twins’ mother不规则复数名词后加’s the children’s toys, women’s rights以s结尾的人名所有格加’s或者’ Dickens’ novels, Charles’s job, the Smiths’ house表示各自的所有关系时,各名词末尾均须加’s Japan’s and America’s problems, Jane’s and Mary’s bikes表示共有的所有关系时在最后一词末加’s Japan and America’s problems, Jane and Mary’s father表示"某人家""店铺",所有格后名词省略 the doctor’s, the barber’s, the tailor’s, my uncle’s2. of 所有格的用法:①用于无生命的东西:the legs of the chair, the cover of the book;②用于有生命的东西,尤其是有较长定语时:the classrooms of the first-year students;③用于名词化的词:the struggle of the oppressed★考点3:名词变形(常考名词变形容词)[知识清单]提示词为名词,如果作定语修饰后面的名词时,则一般考查名词变形容词。注意常考名词变形容词的后缀:(1)n.+-ablehonor→honorable 可敬的(2)n.+-alnature→natural 自然的;天生的 music→musical 音乐的;悦耳的(3)n.+-fulcolour→colourful 颜色鲜艳的 meaning→meaningful有意义的(4)n.+-en:wood→wooden 木质的(5)n.+-y:wealth→wealthy 富有的二、 代词★一个考点:人称代词、物主代词、反身代词[知识清单] 人称代词、物主代词和反身代词一览表人称 类别 单数 复数第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称人称代词 主格 I you he/she/it we you they宾格 me you him/her/it us you them物主代词 形容词性 my your his/her/its our your their名词性 mine yours his/hers/its ours yours theirs反身代词 myself yourself himself/ herself/ itself ourselves yourselves themselves[技法指导]提示词为代词,分析句子结构发现提示词作动词或介词的宾语,且和主语是同一人时,应考虑反身代词。三、 动词★考点1:谓语动词(时态、语态、主谓一致)[名师指津]时态的判断方法有两种:第一种是有时间状语标志词请根据时间状语选择相应的时态(尤其注意现在完成时);第二种是无时间状语标志词请根据句子语境,段落语境,或者篇章语境选择与句子语境、段落语境或者篇章语境相符的时态(一般是以一般现在时或者一般过去时为主)。[知识清单]1、常考时间状语标志词(1)一般现在时:always、 often、 sometimes、 usually、 occasionally、 seldom、 every time、 now and then等;(2)一般过去时:yesterday、 last year、 in 2022、 the other day、 two days ago等;(3)一般将来时:tomorrow、 next year、 in a week、 in the future、 soon等;(4)现在进行时:all the time、 at this moment、 at present、 always、 constantly等;(5)现在完成时:recently;recent years; these days/years; lately;since引导时间状语从句;for+一段时间;in the past/last+一段时间; ever since; up to now; since then; so far; ever;never; already;before,just等;(6)过去完成时:by then、 by the end of ...、 by that time等。 2、常考时态的被动语态构成(1)牢记常见几种时态的被动语态结构:一般现在时:am/is/are done一般过去时:was/were done一般将来时:will be done过去将来时:would be done现在进行时:am/is/are being done过去进行时:was/were being done现在完成时:have/has been done过去完成时:had been done(2)带有情态动词的被动语态的基本形式为:情态动词+be done★考点2:非谓语动词(动词不定式to do、现在分词 doing、过去分词 done)【详见限时训练课后语法精练】★考点3:动词变形(动词变名词)[知识清单]动词转换为名词(1)v.+-ion/-tion/-ation/-sion转换为名词,表示“状态或行为”celebrate→celebration 庆祝 compete→competition 比赛pollute→pollution 污染 educate→education 教育possess→possession 拥有(2)v.+-ment转换为名词,表示“行为或结果”develop→development 发展 announce→announcement 宣布argue→argument 争论;论据 encourage→encouragement 鼓励(3)v.+-r/-er/-or转换为名词,表示“人”perform→performer 表演者 settle→settler 移民者 educate→educator 教育家direct→director 导演 visit→visitor 访问者(4)v.+-ure转换为名词fail→failure; mix→mixture;press→pressure; depart→departure(5)后缀-th结尾的名词grow→growth; die→death deep→depth; wide→widthwarm→warmth; true→truth(6)后缀-ance/-ence结尾的名词exist→existence; guide→guidance(7)后缀-al结尾的名词arrive→arrival; approve→approval; survive→survival四、 形容词★考点1:形容词变副词(要精通形容词变副词的规则)[知识清单]形容词变副词的规则(1)一般形况下ly,如:quick--quickly; sad--sadly;immediate--immediately(2)少数以e结尾的形容词,要去掉e再加ly, 如:true--truly; due--duly(3)绝大多数辅音字母加e结尾的形容词直接加ly,如:polite--politely;extreme--extremely;wide--widely;wise--wisely(4)以y结尾的,且读音为[i],改y为i,再加ly,如:happy--happily;heavy--heavily;angry--angrily;busy--busily但是如果读音为[ai],直接加ly,如:dry--dryly; sly--slyly; shy--shyly(5)以ic结尾的词,加ally,如:economic--economically; basic--basically;scientific--scientifically; automatic--automatically但是public--publicly例外。(6)以辅音字母加le结尾时,去e加y,如:simple--simply;considerable--considerably;terrible--terribly;gentle--gently;possible--possibly;probable--probably;incredible--incredibly(7)元音字母加le直接加ly,如:sole(唯一的;专有的)--solely.但是whole--wholly例外。(8)以ll结尾时,只须加y;如:dull--dully;shrill(尖锐的;刺耳的)--shrilly注意:有些以ly结尾的词是形容词而非副词,如:friendly; motherly(慈母般的); lovely; monthly;heavenly(天空的;神圣的)★考点2:形容词变比较级或者最高级(要精通形容词变比较级或者最高级的规则)[知识清单]形容词、副词转换为比较级、最高级(1)一般加-er或-estfast - faster - fastest tall - taller - tallest(2)以e结尾加-r或-stnice - nicer - nicest large - larger - largest(3)重读闭音节,要双写辅音字母,再加er/esthot - hotter - hottest big - bigger - biggest(4)以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变 “y”为“i”, 再加-er或-estlazy - lazier - laziest lucky - luckier - luckiest(5)多音节形容词,前加more或 mostimportant - more important - most important(6)特殊变化good/well-better-best bad/badly/ill- worse- worstmany/much-more-most little-less-leastfar-farther(further)-farthest(furthest)old-older(elder)-oldest(eldest)[技法指导](1)利用标志词确定比较等级①题目中有much、 far、 still、 even、 rather、 a little、 a bit、 a lot、 a great deal、 than等标志性词汇时用比较级;②空后有表示范围的标志词in、 of、 among等时用最高级;③空前有one of the等修饰词时,用最高级。(2)利用固定句型“the+比较级...,the+比较级...”表示“越……,就越……”。(3)利用隐含信息判断句中虽没有标志词,但暗含比较,也需要用比较级或最高级。★考点3:形容词变形(形容词变名词)[知识清单]形容词变名词常考词汇汇总1.-age结尾的名词short→shortage 不足;短缺2.-cy结尾的名词fluent →fluency 流利;流畅 accurate →accuracy 准确(性)private →privacy 隐私 efficient →efficiency 效率urgent→urgency 紧急3.-dom结尾的名词free →freedom 自由 wise →wisdom 智慧4.-ness结尾的名词dark→darkness 黑暗 weak→weakness 虚弱kind →kindness 善良 cold→coldness 冷淡;冷漠aware→awareness 知道;意识 ill → illness 疾病sad→sadness 悲伤5.-th结尾的名词warm→warmth 温暖 true→truth 真相deep→depth 深度 strong →strength 力量long →length 长度 wide→width 宽度grow→growth 成长6.-y/-ty/-ity结尾的名词difficult →difficulty 困难 honest→honesty 诚实safe→safety 安全 cruel →cruelty 残忍responsible→responsibility 责任 real→reality 真实possible →possibility 可能性 able →ability 能力7. -ent变为-ence,- ant变为-ance, -nd变为-nse:different →difference 不同 silent→silence 寂静respond →response 响应 patient →patience 耐心absent →absence 缺席 present →presence 出席confident →confidence 信心 convenient →convenience 便利important →importance 重要性 defend →defense/defence 防御;保护五、 副词★一个考点:副词变比较级或者最高级六、 冠词 a\an\the【详见冠词专题讲义】七、 介词 考点太多,应加强平时积累【详见介词专题讲义】八、 感叹词(无考点)九、 连词★考点1:并列连词[知识清单]四种关系:并列关系: and;both...and...; not only...but also...转折关系: but; yet; while; whereas(但是;尽管)选择关系: or; either...or...;因果关系: for★考点2:从属连词【1】定语从句[知识清单]定语从句关系词①关系代词:who; that; which; whom; whose; as②关系副词:when; where; why【2】状语从句[知识清单]状语从句引导词①时间状语从句:when ,as,while,as soon as,before,after,since,not...until,until/till,the minute,the moment,the second,every time,the day,the instant,immediately,directly(不久,立即),no sooner…than(一...就...),hardly…when(一...就...),scarcely…when(一...就...),as soon as(一…就…)等(注意)hardly(scarcely,rarely)……when,before,no sooner…than相当于as soon as之意。主句用过去完成时,从句用一般过去时态。当hardly,scarcely,rarely和no sooner位于句首时,主句应用倒装语序。例如:Hardly had I sat down when he stepped in. 我刚坐下,他就进来了。②地点状语从句:where; wherever③原因状语从句:because; since; as; for; now that 等④条件状语从句:if; unless; as long as; so long as 等⑤结果状语从句:so...that...; such...that...; so (that); so 等⑥目的状语从句:so that,in order that 等⑦让步状语从句:although,though,even though,even if等⑧比较状语从句:as…as,not so(as),than 等⑨方式状语从句:as, (just) as…so…, as if, as though 等【3】名词性从句[知识清单]名词性从句连接词名词性从句又可分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类:(1)从属连词:that, whether, if(不充当从句的任何成分)(2)连接代词:what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which等(3)连接副词:when, where, how, why十、 数词★一个考点:基数词变序数词[知识清单]1——10基数词变序数词one-first; two-second; three-third; four-fourth; five-fifth;six-sixth; seven-seventh; eight-eighth; nine-ninth; ten-tenth.1 展开更多...... 收起↑ 资源预览