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专题 03 定语从句
知识点讲解
that引导的定语从句
定语从句的定义
在复合句中充当定语的从句叫作定语从句。定语从句回般放在它所修饰的名词或代词之后。
定语从句的关系词
引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词。常见的关系代词有that, which,who(宾格whom,所有格 whose)等;关系副词有 where,when等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间,起连接作用,同时又在定语从句中充当成分。
三、定语从句的结构
被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词,关系词一般跟在先行词之后,引导定语从句。关系代词或关系副词在先行词和定语从句之间起纽带作用,且在从句中充当成分。关系代词在从句中可作主语、宾语或定语,关系副词在从句中作状语。
★ I am waiting for the boy that is wearing a blue coat.(关系代词作主语)我正在等那个穿着蓝色外套的男孩。
先行词 关系代词
★ The dictionary that my sister gave me last Sunday is very expensive.(关系代词作宾语)我姐姐上个星期天给我的那本词典很贵。
先行词 关系代词
四、that引导的定语从句
that引导定语从句时,可以指物,也可指人,在从句中作主语或宾语。that在定语从句中作宾语时,常可省略。
*There are some films( that) Id like to see有几部电影我想去看。
* She is the only one among us that knows French.她是我们中唯一一个懂法语的人。
w
hich和who引导的定语从句
一、which引导的定语从句
which可以引导定语从句,修饰表示事物的先行词。
★ He is reading a book which he bought from London.他正在读一本他从伦敦买来的书。(关系代词 which在定语从句中充当宾语)
【注意】which和介词搭配使用时,介词可放在 which之前,若是固定词组,一般不能拆开。
The house in which Lu Xun once lived is now Lu Xun Museum.鲁迅曾住过的那所房子现在是鲁迅博物馆。
This is the pen which I am looking for这是我正在找的那支钢笔。
1.关系词只能用that而不用 which的情况
1)先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰。
★ He was the first person that passed the exam.他是第一个通过考试的人。
被修饰的先行词是all,any, everything,none等不定代词时。
★ Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop 你有什么东西想在这家商店里买吗
(3)先行词被 the only, the very, the same, little,,few等词修饰时。
★ This is the same bike that I lost.这就是我丢的那辆自行车
(4)先行词里同时含有人和物时。
★ can remember well the persons and pictures that I saw in the room.我能清楚地记得我在那个房间里看见的人和照片。
(5)主句是由who或 which引导的特殊疑问句时,从句只能用that引导。★ Who is the girl that is crying 正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁
(6)主句是 there be句型,修饰主语的定语从句用that引导。
★ There is a book that belongs to Tom on the desk.桌子上有一本属于汤姆的书。
2.关系词只能用 which,而不能用that的情况
(1)先行词为that时。
★What' s that which is under the desk 桌子底下的那个东西是什么 (2)关系代词前有介词时。
★ This is the room in which he lives.这是他住的房间。
二、who引导的定语从句
在who引导的定语从句中,关系代词who指人,在从句中作主语。在从句中作宾语时,用whom,常被省略,在口语中常用who代替whom。
★ This is the English teacher who teaches my son.这就是教我儿子的那位英语老师。
【注意】用who引导定语从句需要注意以下三点:
(1)who引导的定语从句的先行词是表示人的名词或代词。
★ The student who is answering the question is John.正在回答问题的那个学生是约翰。
(2)who是主格,在定语从句中作主语,此时不能省略。
★ The person who was here yesterday is a musician.昨天在这儿的那个人是一位音乐家。
在定语从句中,谓语动词应和其先行词在人称和数上保持一致。★ Do you know the boy who is standing over there 你认识站在那边的那个男孩吗
例题精炼
一、单项选择
1．—What does Alma Mater (母校) mean to you after graduation for so many years
—Everything! Those unforgettable things and people ________ I’m familiar (熟悉的) with will remain in my mind forever.
A．who B．that C．what D．which
2．My mother likes music ________ she can dance to, while my father likes music with great lyrics.
A．what B．who C．when D．which
3．I admire the people _______ are honest and hard-working.
A．who B．whom C．which D．whose
4．He is the boy ________ I played basketball.
A．who B．with whom C．whose D．that
5．Lily is a beautiful girl ________ dream is to be a scientist in the future.
A．who B．whose C．which D．that
6．Chengdu is a big city in ________ we can learn ancient Shu culture and enjoy modern life.
A．which B．who C．that D．whom
7．Tina won’t forget the moment ________ she saw her favorite singer.
A．which B．that C．who D．when
8．I love the school ________ I have studied for three years.
A．where B．when C．why D．what
9．The reason________ he didn’t come was__________ he was ill.
A．why； that B．that； why C．for that； that D．for which； what
10．His glasses, ________ he was like a blind man, were broken.
A．with which B．with it C．without which D．without it
11．I am so glad that I have found the same modern computer _______ I am working on.
A．which B．as C．that D．where
12．The tree, _______ leaves were green and brown, was blown down in the typhoon.
A．its B．of which C．whose D．which
13．Tom went to New York in 2000, ________ only two years later he became a millionaire.
A．that B．where C．what D．when
二、完成句子
14．they wear, that keep the flies away, special hats ( . )
.
15．The watch was made in America. Her uncle gave her the watch. (改为含定语从句的复合句)
The watch her uncle her was made in America.
16．Is that the boy You talked about the boy yesterday. （改为复合句）
17．This is a village. My father worked in the village ten years ago.（把简单句改为包含定语从句的复合句）
18．friendly, places, the, are, where, the, people, I, love, really
.
19．there, a way, is, there, where, a will, is.
.
20．那就是我喜欢《动物世界》的原因。
I love Animal World.
21．There are many foreigners living in Guangzhou, and most of them are from America.
(Rewrite the sentence with an attributive clause 定语从句. )
There are many foreigners living in Guangzhou, .
22．众所周知，词汇对学习英语来说很重要。
known to all, vocabulary is very important to learn English.
23．You just met Thomson this morning. He is the captain of the basketball team.
24．There are lots of things. You need to prepare them before the trip.（改为含有定语从句的复合句）
There are lots of things before the trip.
25．The people were very friendly to me. They met the people at the party.
26．I know a boy. The boy saved an old man.
三、单词拼写
27．This is the game in many students are interested.
28．—Do you know the boy got first prize in the talent show
—Of course. He’s my new neighbor.
29．The woman you visited last week is a famous writer.
30．The boy w parents are dead was brought up by his grandparents.
31．The time we got together finally arrived.
32．The r why I was late for school was that I missed the first bus.
33．Della and Jim have two precious possessions (财产). They are Jim’s gold watch and Della’s long beautiful hair, are the only wealth for them.
34． , water is the most important resource in the world. (众所周知)
35．There are about seven million people taking part in the election, most of are well educated.
36．Have you ever been to Hangzhou, lies the West Lake
参考答案：
1．B
2．D
3．A
4．B
5．B
6．A
7．D
8．A
9．A
10．C
11．B
12．C
13．B
14．They wear special hats that keep the flies away
15． which/that gave
16．Is that the boy who you talked about yesterday /Is that the boy that you talked about yesterday /Is that the boy whom you talked about yesterday
17．This is the village in which my father worked ten years ago./This is the village where my father worked ten years ago.
18．I really love the places where the people are friendly
19．There is a way where there is a will
20．That is why/That is the reason why
21．most of whom are from America
22． As is
23．You just met Thomson, who is the captain of the basketball team this morning.
24．that you need to prepare/which you need to prepare
25．The people who they met at the party were very friendly to me./The people that they met at the party were very friendly to me./The people they met at the party were very friendly to me.
26．I know the boy who saved an old man.
27．which
28．who/that
29．who/whom/that
30．whose
31．when
32．(r)eason
33．which
34．As we all know/As is known to all/As everyone knows
35．whom
36．where
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