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Unit 3 知识归纳
重点短语
both A and B ……和……都；……既……又
in fact 事实上；实际上 care about 关心；在意
care for （非常喜欢）= take care of = look after 照顾
bring out 使显现；使表现出 get good grades 取得好成绩
break one’s arm 摔断某人的胳膊 be talented in 在……方面有天赋
be different from 与……不同； 与……有差异
the same as 和……相同； 与……一致
be similar to 与……相像的、类似的 be similar in 在……方面类似
the singing competition 歌唱比赛 a good listener 善于倾听的人
primary school 小学 make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事
as long as 只要；既然 share sth. with sb. 和某人分享某物 touch one’s heart 打动某人的心 be serious about... 对……认真
laugh at... 嘲笑…… reach for 伸手去拿……；够到……
get to = arrive in/at = reach +地点 到达某地
语法知识
形容词/副词的比较级
多数形容词和副词有三个等级：原级、比较级和最高级。
原级：即形容词或副词的原形。原级前可用very，quite，too等副词修饰。
I’m very hungry.
My sister runs quite fast.
表示两者在某一方面相同：as + adj./adv.原形 + as
This dress is as beautiful as that one.
Linda sings as well as Amy.
表示一方在某一方面不及另一方时 ：not as / so + adj./adv.原形+ as
Tom isn’t as/so tall as me.
I don’t sing as/so loudly as my sister.
比较级
1.定义
比较级：两者进行比较, 表示“一方比另一方更……”
2. 形容词或副词比较级的构成：+er/more
（1）规则变化
变化规则 例词
1.一般的词尾+er cold---colder tall---taller
2.以不发音字母e结尾的词, 在词尾+r nice---nicer
3.以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词，要双写词尾辅音字符再+er big---bigger thin---thinner hot---hotter
4.以“辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词，变y为i，再+er early---earlier busy---busier easy---easier heavy---heavier
5.多音节词或部分双音节词，在前面+more outgoing---more outgoing difficult---more difficult
6.动词加-ing或-ed 词缀的形容词，在前面加more interesting---more interesting bored---more bored
7.由形容词+ly构成的副词，在前面加上more happily---more happily
注意：shy---shyer
（2）不规则变化
good /well---better bad/badly---worse
many/much---more little---less
old---older/elder far---farther/further
练：将下列形容词变成比较级
cool______ 2. tall_____ 3. short______ 4. small_____
old_____ 6. large_____　 7 . quietly_____ 8. fine______
wet______ 10. hot_____ 11. thin_____ 12. busy______
13. heavy__________ 14. happy___________ 15. dry_______
16. friendly_____ 17. serious________ 18. well______
19. much______ 20. little______ 21. smart_______
22. fast_______ 23. high_____ 24. popular_______
比较级的常用句型结构
（1）“A + be + adj.比较级+ than + B”
“A +实义动词+ adv.比较级+ than + B”；意为“A 比 B 更……”。
Mark is more outgoing than Tony.
I did worse in the exam than Sally.
（2）“A+ is + the +adj.比较级+ of the two（+复数n）”；意为“A是两者中较......的”
Tom is the taller of of the two (boys).
（3）“比较级+ and +比较级”或“more and more +原级（多音节或部分双音节词）”；意为“越来越......”。
Our life is getting better and better.
The flowers are more and more beautiful.
（4）“ the +比较级, the +比较级” ；意为：“越……，就越……”
The more you eat, the fatter you will be.
特殊疑问词+be +adj.比较级，A or B
特殊疑问词+实义动词+adv.比较级，A or B
Which is bigger, the moon or the sun
Who sings better, Linda or Mary
4. 常见的比较级修饰词
（1）much/a lot/far +比较级 “……得多”
Lily is much smarter than before.
（2）a little/a bit+比较级 “稍微……”
Can you come to school a little earlier tomorrow
（3）even+比较级 “甚至……”
The book is even more useful than that one.
Unit 4 知识归纳
重点短语
so far = up to now 到目前为止；迄今为止
have ... in common 有相同特征；(想法、兴趣等方面)相同
and so on 等等 for example 例如
be up to 是……的职责；由……决定
play a role 发挥作用；有影响 play a role in... 在某方面发挥作用/扮演角色
make up 编造(故事、谎言等)；化妆
take ... seriously = be serious about... 认真对待……
all kinds of 各种类型的；各种各样的
make one’s dream come true 实现某人的愿望或梦想
get a prize 得奖；得到一笔奖金
be talented in... = have a talent for.. 在……方面有天赋
street performers 街头表演者
语法知识
形容词/副词的最高级
最高级
1.定义
最高级：表示“最……”，用于三者或三者以上(人或物)进行比较。形容词的最高级前一般要加定冠词the, 但如果前有形容词性物主代词或名词所有格等修饰语时, 则不用定冠词the。副词最高级前面的the, 可以省略。
2. 形容词或副词最高级的构成：+est/most
（1）规则变化
变化规则 例词
1.一般的词尾+est cold---coldest tall---tallest
2.以不发音字母e结尾的词, 在词尾+st nice---nicest
3.以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词，要双写词尾辅音字母再+est big---biggest thin---thinnest hot---hottest
4.以“辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词，变y为i，再+est early---earliest busy---busiest easy---easiest heavy---heaviest
5.多音节词或部分双音节词，在前面+most outgoing---most outgoing difficult---most difficult
6.动词加-ing或-ed 词缀的形容词，在前面加most interesting---most interesting bored---most bored
7.由形容词+ly构成的副词，在前面加上most happily---most happily
注意：shy---shyest
friendly--- friendliest/ most friendly
clever --- cleverest/ most clever
（2）不规则变化
good /well---best bad/badly---worst
many/much---most little---least
old---oldest/eldest far---farthest/furthest
(距离远)/(程度深)
练：写出下列词的最高级
1. cold ______ 2. tall______
3. old_______ 4. large_____
5. fine______ 6. wet______
7. hot______ 8. thin______
9. busy______ 10.heavy_______
11. friendly________ 12. outgoing ____________
13. well______ 14. much______
15. little______ 16. smart_______
17. good_____ 18. bad/badly______
19. many _____ 20. beautiful____________
21.comfortable ____________ 22.careful____________
3. 最高级的常用句型结构
（1）“主语+ be + the + adj.最高级+ in/of短语”；意为“……是……中最……的”。
Mark is the most outgoing in his class.
Mark is the most outgoing of all the students.
（2）“主语+ 实义动词+ (the )+ adv.最高级+ in/of短语”；意为“……是……中最……的”。
I run (the) fastest in my class.
I run (the) fastest of all the students.
（3）“主语+ be + one of the + adj.最高级+复数名词+ in/of短语”；意为“……是……中最……的……之一”。
This house is one of the oldest buildings in our town.
（4）“特殊疑问词+be + the + adj.最高级，A, B or C ”
Which country is the largest, China, Russia or the UK
（5）“特殊疑问词+助动词+主语+动词原形+(the )+ adv.最高级，A, B or C ”
Which country do you like best, China, Russia or the UK
（6）“the +序数词+ adj.最高级+ n. ”；意为“第几最……的”
The Yellow River is the second river in China.
4. 比较级表示最高级
（1）“比较级 +than any other +单数名词” 意为“比其他任何一个都……”
“比较级 +than the other +复数名词” 意为“比其他的都……”
（在同一范围内作比较）
China is larger than any other country in Asia.
Mary sings more beautifully than any other student in our class.
= Mary sings the most beautifully in our class.
（2）“比较级 +than any +单数名词” 意为“比其他任何……都……” （不在同一范围内作比较）
China is larger than any country in Africa.
（3）否定词+比较级=最高级（可不讲）
I like nothing better than swimming.
No one is taller than him in his class.
I can never have a better teacher than Mr. Li.

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