资源简介

Unit 12 Life is full of the unexpected
l. Unexpected adj. 出乎意料的；始料不及的 反义词：expected 预期的；预料的
e.g.: life is full Of the expected.
I ) 期望某人做某事expect sb. to do sth -----sb. be expected to do Sth.
e.g: In the united states, they are expected to shake hands for the first time.
2) expect +that从句 预计、料想
e.g.: I didn't expect you -would get there so soon.
3) expect to do sth. 料想做某事
e.g.: The old man is expecting to visit his daughter.
4) expect +n/pron.预计....可能发生；期待某人某物
e.g.: 1 expect a snowstorm. 我预计会有一场暴风雪。
by the time 到......时 （1）用来指到某一时间为止，后面可接时间状语从句，主句常用完成时态；如果从句用一般过去时，主句用过去完成时。如果从句用一般现在时，主句就用将来完成时。
e.g.: Be the time he was 12, he had learned three languages.
e.g.: By the time graduate next year, I will have lived here for 5 years.
复习： by the end of 在....以前，与by the time 的时态用法一致
2. Backpack 背包，背包旅行
3. Oversleep — overslept —overslept (类似sleep-slept-slept) 睡过头，睡太久
e.g.: Sorry! I am late. I overslept.
give sb. a lift= give sb. a ride
复习lift-lift up 抬起；举起；鼓励；给予信心
4. Block 街区
e.g.: The church is down the block. 教堂就在这个街区的那头
e.g.: Let's walk around the block.
5. inline with 与.....成一排
e.g.: As I was waiting in line with other office workers, I heard a loud sound. P91
1）line线条 underline 下划线
6. stare 盯着看，凝视
l) stare at sb. 盯着某人看
e.g.: It's rude to stare.
e.g.: Do you like being stared at
7..disbelief n.不信；怀疑 反：belief
e.g.: I stare in disbelief at the black smoke rising-above the burning building.
l) believe相信 believe sb./+that 从句
believe in sb./sth.相信。。。。。的存在
e.g.: Do you believe in ghosts e.g.: I believe in God.
2) belief in sth.对某事某物的信仰
e. .: She has lost belief in God.
3) beyond belief 难以置信
8. above 在....上面、adv 在上面
I ) on 与表面接触e.g.: There is an apple on the table.
2) above 只表示“在.....上方或位置高出......与below 相对e.g.: A plane flew above out heads.
3) over 表示在正上方，与 under相对 There is a bridge over the river.
4)below 在下方，低于.... Her skirts reaches just below her knees.
5) under 在正下方e.g.: She is sitting under the tree.
9. burn-burnt;burnt/burned;burned着火；燃烧
1) burning adj. 着火的，燃烧的
10. alive 活着的，有生气的
l ) alive 做后置定语和表语 e.g.: He is the greatest writer alive in the world.
e.g.: The fish is still alive.
2) living 活着的，有生命的
e.g.:This is a living fish.
e.g.: This fish is still living.
I I. Airport机场 at the airport
12. till&until 可作介词、连词，一般情况下可以互换。用于肯定句，主句的动词只用延续性的，他所表示的动作一致延续到till或until表示的时间为止，意为直到.....为止；用于否定句时，主句动词一般是非延续性的，也可以是延续性的，他所表示的动作知道till和until所表示的时间才发生，意为“直到.....才”
e.g.: She watched TV till/until her mother came back.
e.g.: She didn't watch TV till/ until her mother came back.He
e.g.: She didn't know me until /till last week.
2）not until放句首，句子要倒装
Einstein was not able to return to his homeland until the war was over.
-----Not until the war was over was Einstein able to return to his homeland.(放句首只能用until）
13. show up 赶到；露面
14. fool n. 蠢人；傻瓜 V. 愚弄
e.g.: You are such a fool.
Even the expert was fooled.
embarrassed ad. 窘迫的；害羞的
Vt embarrassed使局促不安的
Adj. Embarrassing 使人尴尬的
N. Embarrassment 窘迫；尴尬
16. costume party 化妆舞会
17. announce v. 宣布，宣告
e.g.: They announced their engagement in "The Times. "
18. spaghetti 意大利面条
19.hoax 恶作剧
20. sell out卖光 （可以用被动）
E.g. :All the clothes have been sold out.
与This kind of shirt sells well. 区别
discovery n. 发觉；发现
discover 发现；发觉
E.g.Shen Nong discovered tea.
cancel v. 取消；终止
E.g. Our flight was canceled.
23.Believable可相信的；可信任的------unbelievable 难以置信的
Disappear 消失的 appear 出现的
第二部分： Grammar
过去完成时态：（The Past Perfect Tense）表示过去某一时间或动作以前已经发生或完成了的动作对过去的某一点造成的某种影响或是结果，用来指在另一个过去行动之前就已经完成了的时间。它表示动作发生的时间是“过去的过去”，侧重事情的结果。
（1）结构：had + done主语+had+动词过去分词
肯定句：主语+had+动词过去分词+其他．
否定句：主语+had+not+动词过去分词+其他．
疑问句：Had+主语+动词过去分词+其他？
肯定回答：Yes，主语+had.
否定回答：No，主语+hadn't.
特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词或词组+had +主语+过去分词+其他？
被动语态：主语+had(not)+been+动词过去分词+其他.
（2）过去完成时常用的时状语有：
．By the end of last+时间段 By the end of last term, we had learned 5000new words.
By the time sb.+动词过去分词如： The bus had already left by the time I got there.
(3)用法
过去完成时表示在某一时间或动作之前己经发生或完成了的动作。它表示动作发的时间是“过去的过去"。表示过去某一时刻可用by、before等构成的短语，也可用when、before等引导的从句，或者通过上下文表示。
列举
1 □By the time I went outside,the bus had already left.我到外面去的时候，车己经开走了。
2 □When I got to school,l realized I had left my backpack at home.当我到达学校的时候，我意识倒我把背包落在家里了
例句
1 □ Mr.Smith died yesterday. He had been a good friend of mine.史密斯先生昨天去世了。他是我的好朋友·
2 □I didn’t know a thing about the verbs, for I had not studied my lesson.我对动词一无所知，因为我没有好好学习功课。
3 □He said that he had known her well.他说，他很了解她。
4 □I thought I had sent the letter for a week before.我以为前一周我寄了那封信的。
5 □ After he arrived in England, Marx worked hard to improve his English. 马克思到英国后，他努力提高他的英语水平
6 □When I woke up, it had already stopped raining.当我醒来时，雨已经停了
7 □ We had hoped to be able to come and see you.我们希望能被允许来看你。
8 □lt was the third time that he had been out of work that year.这是他那一年第三次失业。
9 □I had finished reading the novel by nine o'clock last night.到昨晚9点钟，我已经读完这本小说。
（4）与现在完成时的区别。
现在完成时表示的动作发生在过去，以now的时间为基点，但侧重对now产生的结构或造成的影响；过去完成时则是一个相对的时态，以过去时间为基点，它所表示的动作不仅发生在过去，更强调“过去的过去”，只有和过去某时或某动作相比较时，才用到它。
比较：
I have learned 1000 English words so far. 到目前为止，我已经学会了1000个英语单词。
I had learned 1000 English till then. 到那时为止我已经学会了1000个英语单词。
----I'm sorry to keep you waiting. 对不起，让你久等了。
----Oh, not at all. I have been here only a few minutes.没什么，我只等了几分钟。
与一般过时的区别
时间状语不同：过去完成时在时间上强调过去的过去；而一般过去时只强调过去某一特定的时间。
比较
They had arrived at the station by ten yesterday.
They arrived at the station at ten yesterday.
2 过去完成时表示过去的过去，不单独使用，一般和一般过去时连用。
3. 当两个或两个以上接连发生的动作用and 或but连接时，按时间顺序，只需用一般过去时来代替过去完成时；另外，在 before，after , as soon as 引导的从句中，由于这些连词本身已经表示出时间的先后，因此也可以用过去时来代替过去完成时。
He entered the room, turned on the light and read an evening paper.
第三部分Key sentences
I. I was about to go up when I decided to get a coffee first.
I) Be about to do sth. 表示即将做某事
e.g.: He is about to go.
e.g.: Mrs. Brown was about to begin, but Jennie spoke first.
2) be about to do sth.常与 when 连用，表示正要做某事 突然....
e.g.: I was about to watch TV when the light went off.
2. why did the supermarkets run out of spaghetti on April Fool's Day.
I) run out of up 用完，及物动词短语=宾语=use up— run out of sth.
We have run out of money.
Run out 不及物动词短语sth. run out
Our money has run out.
2. I turned around and decided to go to a nearby mall.
1) Turn around(round) 转身，转向
e.g.: She turned around and saw her teacher.
e.g.: He turned the desk around.
2） 复 习 与 turn 有 关 的 短语
Turn off/on/up/down/left/right
3. Why didn't you hand in your science homework.
Hand in 交 来; 交 上 来 ·
Hand sb. Sth./hand sth.to sb. 把 某 物 递 给 某 人
分状语从句
状语从句在复合句中作状语，修饰动词、形容词或副词等。状语从句可以表示时间、条件、原因、地点、目的、结果、让步、方式、比较等含义。
一、各 类 状 浯 从 连 接 词 （ 短 语 ） 一 览 表 ；
时 间 when, while,as,as soon as, since ,until, after, before
条 件 If,unless
原 因 As ， because ， Since
地 点 Where
目 的 So that, in order that
结 果 so that,so.....that, such......that
让 步 though, although, even if , however, whatever
方 式 As
比 较 than, (not)as...as ，
二、 例 句
时 间 状 语 从 句 ：
When he comes ， we are going to start our discussion.
条 件 状 语 从 句 ：
As long as l am alive,l will go on studying. 只 要 我 活 着 ， 我 就 要 学 习 。
原 因 状 语 从 句 ：
Since we live near the sea,we enjoy nice weather. 由 于 我 们 住 在 海 边 ， 能 享 受 到 好 的 地 点 状 语 从 句 ：
Put it where we can all see it. 把 它 放 在 我 们 都 能 看 到 的 位 置 。
目 的 状 语 从 句 ：
Finish this so that you can start another. 把 这 个 做 完 ， 你 可 以 开 始 另 一 个 。
结 果 状 语 从 句 ：
He was 50 angry that he couldn’t say a word. 他 气 得 说 不 出 话 了 。
让 步 状 语 从 句 ：
Though he is in poor health, he works hard ． 虽 然 他 身 体 不 好 ， 但 是 他 工 作 很 努 力 。
方 式 状 语 从 句 ：
Students do as the teachers say ． 学 生 们 按 照 老 师 说 的 去 做 。
比 较 状 语 从 句 ：
The work isn’t as easy as l thought ． 这 项 工 作 比 我 想 象 得 难 。
三、 易 混 点 对 比
1. 易 混 引 导 词 while, when ， as 的 区 别 ：
when 既 可 以 指 " 时 间 点 " ， 与 瞬 间 动 词 连 用 ， 也 可 以 指 " 时 间 段 " ， 与 延 续 性 动 词 连 用 （ =while） 。
如：
When he came in, his mother was cooking.
When (While) we were at school, we went to the library every day.
while 表示时间段，因此，while从句的谓语动词要用延续性动词。 如：
Please don't talk so loud while Others are working.
As 与when用法相似，但着重强调主句动作与从句动作同时发生，有“随着.....”或”一边.....一边......“之意。如：
As you get older, you get more knowledge. 随着年龄的增长，你获得的知识就越多。
Because，as， since的区别：
Because用于表示直接原因，回答why提出的问题，语气最强；as用于说明原因，着重点在主句，常译成“由于”；since表示显然的或已经知道的理由或事实，常译成“既然”、如：
Water is very important because we can't live without it.
He didn't come yesterday as his mother was ill.
I'll do it for you since you are busy.
such...that, so...that, so that 引导结果状语从句的区别：
Such是形容词，修饰名词；so 是副词，修饰形容词或副词。其结构如下：
such+a（n）+形容词+单数可数名词+that......
Such+形容词+复数可数名词+that......
Such +形容词+不可数名词+that.......如：
This was such a good film that I went to see it several times.
It was such good books that they sell well.
It was such bad weather that I had to stay at home.
He spoke so fast that I couldn't follow him.
He is such a lovely boy that we all like him.
=He is so lovely a boy that we all like him.
注：在“形容词+可数名词、不可数名词”结构中，当名词前有many.much,few,little表示数量的多少时，名词前用so， 如：
She made so many mistakes that she didn't pass the exam.

展开更多......

收起↑