资源简介

现在完成时
用法和结构
现在完成时的用法：现在完成时用于描述过去发生的动作对现在的影响或结果。
现在完成时的句式变化
肯定句 主语+have/has+过去分词+其他.
否定句 主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他.
一般疑问句 Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他？
肯定回答：Yes，主语+have/has.
否定回答：No，主语+haven’t/hasn’t.
*have/has在这里不是“拥有”的意思，而是一个表示现在完成时的助动词，无实义。
例句：They have already finished the project. 他们已经完成了那个项目。
I have cleaned the room. 我已经打扫过房间了。
I haven’t cleaned the room. 我还没有打扫房间。
---Have you cleaned the room 你打扫过房间了吗？
---Yes, I have. 是的，我打扫过了。 ---No, I haven’t. 不，我还没有打扫。
例题：---It’s a great pity that the famous football player has gone to another club.
---Don’t worry! They ______ another top star recently.
buy B. bought C. have bought
现在完成时和一般过去时的区别
现在完成时和一般过去时都表示在过去发生的动作。但现在完成时强调的是这一动作与现在的关系，如对现在造成的结果或影响等；而一般过去时只表示动作在过去某一时间发生，不强调和现在的关系。试比较：
I have lost my new book. 我把我的新书丢了。（现在还未找到）
I lost my new book yesterday. 我昨天把我的新书丢了。（昨天丢的，现在找到与否没说明）
主要比较点：
一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。
一般过去时的时间状语：yesterday, last week, ...ago, in 1980, just now, in the past 等。
现在完成时常与already, yet, just, ever, never; for, since, this month, this year等搭配。
例题：---Yunnan is very beautiful. I _____ there last year.
---Yes, I ______ there twice.
went; have gone B. went; have been C. have gone; went D. have been; went
现在完成时的注意事项
如果单纯表示一段时间，或强调一段时间，虽有since从句（一般过去时），主句也可以不用现在完成时。
如：It is two years since his father died.
= His father has been dead for two years. 他父亲已去世两年了。
非延续性动词在完成时的否定式中已变成一种可以延续的状态，因此可以表示动作的延续性。
如：I haven’t left here since 1997. 自从1997年以来，我一直没有离开过这儿。
常见的非延续性动词与延续性动词的转换（主要是指将一个非延续性动词转换成一个延续性动词）
初中常见的需要转换的词有：
leave be away (from) die be dead
begin be on join be a member+介词短语; 或be in
buy have become be go/come→be in
borrow keep open(v.) be open(adj.)
例句：She left her hometown five years ago. 她五年前离开了她的家乡。
She has been away from her hometown for five years. 她离开家乡有五年时间了。
例题：①---You didn’t watch the movie
---Yes, but by the time I _____ to the cinema, the movie _____ for several minutes.
got; has begun B. got; had been on C. got; had begun D. got; has been on
②---Have you been to Suning Plaza(苏宁购物中心) in our city
---No. Although it ______ for more than a week. I’m far too busy to go there.
has started B. has been on C. has been open D. has opened
have been to 、 have been in 与have gone to
have/has been to 意为“曾经去过某地”，表示现在已经不再那里了，可与just, ever, never, before,或表示次数的状语等连用。
例句：① I’ve just been to the post office. 我刚才去邮局了。
② Have you ever been to Hangzhou 你曾经去过杭州市吗？
have/has been in 意为“已经在某地待了多长时间”，表状态，后跟地点，常与表示一段时间的状语how long, since, for等连用。
例句：They have been in Canada for five years. 他们到加拿大有五年了。
have/has gone to 意为“到某地去了”，表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中。说话时该人不在现场，即去而未返。一般不用第一、二人称代词做主语。
例句：---Where is Tom 汤姆在哪里？
---He has gone to the bookshop.他到书店去了。
例题：1. Lin Tao isn’t here now. He ______ to Qingdao.
A. goes B. went C. has been D. has gone
2. The shopping mall opened two years ago, but I _____ there only once.
A. have gone in B. have been in C. have gone D. have been
3.---Where is your uncle I haven’t seen him for a long time.
---He _____ Beijing for about half a year.
A. has gone to B. has been to C. has arrived in D. has been in
4. You said that Zhijin Cave was very beautiful. _____ you ______ there
A. Have; gone B. Have; been C. Have; gone to D. Have; been to
习题：
写出下列动词的过去式和过去分词
1.own _______ _______ 2.carry_______ ________ 3.change_______ _______
4.drop_______ _______ 5.hurt_______ _______ 6.think______ _______
7.choose_______ _______ 8.come_______ _______
二、句型转换
1. I have already sold my old car. （改为否定句）
I _______ _______ my old car _______.
2.Dale has found his lost pencil.（改为一般疑问句并作肯定和否定回答）
_______ Dale _______ his lost pencil
---＿＿＿_, ＿＿＿ _______.
---_______, ______ _______.
3. We have lived in the city since I was in primary school. （对划线部分提问）
_______ _______ _______ _______ _______ in the city
4. Amy joined the art club one week ago. （改为同义句）
Amy ______ _______ _______ _______ _______ the art club for one week.
5. The movie began ten minutes ago. （改为同义句）
The movie _______ _______ _______ _______ ten minutes.
6. My brother went to college two years ago. （改为同义句）
It _______ _______ two years _______ my brother went to college.
三、单项选择题
1.Wow! You _____ dinner! Let’s eat now.
A. cook B. are cooking C. will cook D. have cooked
2.Mount Yangming is fantastic. _____ you ever _____ it
A.Have; visited B. Was; visiting C. Do; visit
3.I’ve just returned from my trip to London. I _______ many interesting places there.
A.visit B. will visit C.am visiting D.visited
4.---Do you know the Color Run, a five-kilometer race
---Yes. So far it _____ into quite a few cities in our country.
A. comes B. came C. has come
5. John and I ______ to visit his grandparents last Sunday afternoon.
A.go B.went C.will go D.have gone
6.I _____ football quite well, but I haven’t had time to play since the new year.
A. will play B. have played C. played D.play
7.---Look! Your teacher Miss White is over there.
---No, it can’t be her. She ______ to Beijing.
A.has gone B.has been C.went D. will go
8.---Frank, where is your father
---He isn’t at home now. He _____ New York.
A.has gone to B. has been to C.goes to
9. ---______ you ever _____ to the Great Wall
---Yes. Three times.
A. Has; been B. Have; been C. Have; gone
10. ---Yunnan is very beautiful. I ______ there last year.
---Yes, I ______ there twice.
A.went; have gone B.went; have been C.have gone; went D.have been; went
11.Betty _____ hard since last term. That’s why her exam results are so good!
A.has worked B.will work C. worked D.was working
12.---I’m sorry for being late.
---Never mind. The meeting _____ for only 5 minutes. This way, please.
A.has begun B. has ended C. has been on
13.--- You have a nice car.
---Thank you. I _____ it for less than one month.
A. bought B. have bought C. had D. have had
14. ---Where is your uncle, Jane
---He is in Guangzhou. He _____ for a month.
A. has left B. has gone C. left D. has been away
15. Some boys in our class ______ the football club for a year. They are crazy about playing football now.
A. joined B. have joined C. have been in
16.---How long is it since he _____ this school
---He _____ for three years.
A. has left; has left B. left; has been away C. leaves; has left

展开更多......

收起↑