资源简介 Unit 2 Topic 2 Section D课文讲解及知识点一 . 课文翻译 :Although the world is hungry , it is even thirstier .尽管世界饥饿,但它更加缺水。While nearly 3/4 of the earth is covered with water , we are still short of drinking water .尽管地球近四分之三的面积被水覆盖,但我们仍然缺乏饮用水。This is because about 97% of the water on the earth is sea water .这是因为地球上约97%的水是海水。So we can ' t use it for watering plants or drinking directly .所以我们不能直接用它来浇灌植物或饮用。Humans can only drink and use fresh water from places including rivers , lakes and underground .人类只能从河流、湖泊和地下等地方获取和使用淡水。How can we avoid a serious water shortage 我们怎样才能避免严重的水资源短缺呢?First , we should save water and not waste it .首先,我们应该节约用水,不浪费。Second , we should protect our water resources and not pollute them .其次,我们应该保护我们的水资源,不污染它们。Third , we should discover ways to reuse water .第三,我们应该找到重复利用水的方法。Scientists have made some progress in this field .科学家们在这个领域已经取得了一些进展。Today , some large cities are reusing their water .如今,一些大城市正在重复使用他们的水。But people ' s need for water is increasing day by day .但人们对水的需求与日俱增。We still don ' t have enough water .我们仍然没有足够的水。What else can we do 我们还能做什么呢?The sea seems to have the best answer .大海似乎给出了最好的答案。There is plenty of water in the sea .海里有大量的水。But we need to take the salt away from the sea water .但我们需要把盐从海水中分离出来。This is very expensive .这非常昂贵。If scientists can find cheaper ways to do it , we can solve the problem of the shortage of water .如果科学家能找到更便宜的方法来做这件事,我们就可以解决缺水的问题。二 . 课文讲解及知识点:Although the world is hungry, it is even thirstier.主句:it is even thirstier主语:it(代指the world)谓语:is表语:even thirstier从句:Although the world is hungry引导词:Although主语:the world谓语:is表语:hungry知识点:Although引导的让步状语从句,表示“尽管”。形容词比较级thirstier,表示“更饥渴的”。短语及拓展:be hungry for sth.:渴望某物be thirsty for sth.:渴望某物(常指物质上的需求,如水、食物等)While nearly 3/4 of the earth is covered with water, we are still short of drinking water.主句:we are still short of drinking water主语:we谓语:are表语:still short of drinking water从句:While nearly 3/4 of the earth is covered with water引导词:While主语:nearly 3/4 of the earth谓语:is covered状语:with water知识点:While引导的并列句,表示对比或同时发生的情况。be covered with sth.:被某物覆盖。be short of sth.:缺少某物。短语及拓展:be full of sth.:充满某物(与be short of形成对比)drinking water:饮用水This is because about 97% of the water on the earth is sea water.主句:This is because...主语:This谓语:is表语从句:because about 97% of the water on the earth is sea water主语:about 97% of the water on the earth谓语:is表语:sea water知识点:because引导的原因状语从句。百分比的表达:about 97%。短语及拓展:on the earth:在地球上fresh water:淡水(与sea water相对)So we can't use it for watering plants or drinking directly.主句:we can't use it主语:we谓语:can't use宾语:it目的状语:for watering plants or drinking directly介词短语:for...动名词短语:watering plants并列结构:or drinking directly知识点:can't表示否定能力或可能性。for引导的动名词短语作目的状语。短语及拓展:use sth. for sth./doing sth.:用某物做某事directly:直接地(副词)Humans can only drink and use fresh water from places including rivers, lakes and underground.主句:Humans can only drink and use fresh water主语:Humans谓语:can drink and use宾语:fresh water状语:only介词短语作定语:from places including rivers, lakes and underground介词短语:from places现在分词短语作定语:including rivers, lakes and underground知识点:现在分词短语作定语,修饰places。介词from表示来源。短语及拓展:including sth.:包括某物underground water:地下水How can we avoid a serious water shortage 特殊疑问句:How can we avoid a serious water shortage 特殊疑问词:How主语:we谓语:can avoid宾语:a serious water shortage知识点:How引导的特殊疑问句,询问方式或方法。avoid sth.:避免某事。短语及拓展:serious problem:严重的问题shortage of sth.:某物的短缺First, we should save water and not waste it.并列句:First, we should save water and not waste it.第一部分:we should save water主语:we谓语:should save宾语:water第二部分:not waste it(省略了should)谓语:should not waste宾语:it知识点:并列句结构,用and连接两个并列的谓语。省略句结构,第二部分省略了与第一部分相同的助动词should。短语及拓展:save water:节约用水waste sth.:浪费某物Second, we should protect our water resources and not pollute them.主语:we谓语:should protect;should not pollute宾语:water resources短语及拓展:protect sth.:保护某物water resources:水资源pollute sth.:污染某物Third, we should discover ways to reuse water.主句:we should discover ways主语:we谓语:should discover宾语:ways不定式短语作定语:to reuse water修饰ways知识点:不定式短语作定语,表示目的或方式。短语及拓展:discover sth.:发现某物reuse sth.:重复利用某物Scientists have made some progress in this field.主句:Scientists have made some progress主语:Scientists谓语:have made宾语:some progress介词短语作状语:in this field修饰整个句子,说明领域或范围。知识点:现在完成时,表示过去的动作对现在的影响或结果。in this field:在这个领域。短语及拓展:make progress:取得进步in...field:在……领域Today, some large cities are reusing their water.主语:some large cities谓语:are reusing宾语:their water时间状语:Today知识点:时态:现在进行时(are reusing),表示正在进行的动作。物主代词:their,表示“他们的”,用于修饰名词water。短语及拓展:reuse sth.:重复使用某物their own water:他们自己的水(强调归属)But people's need for water is increasing day by day.主语:people's need for water谓语:is increasing状语:day by day知识点:现在进行时表示逐渐变化的过程(is increasing),强调“日益增多”。名词所有格:people's,表示“人们的”。短语及拓展:day by day:日复一日,逐渐地the need for sth.:对某物的需求We still don't have enough water.主语:We谓语:don't have宾语:enough water状语:still知识点:否定句结构:don't + 动词原形。enough作形容词,修饰名词water,表示“足够的”。短语及拓展:not have enough sth.:没有足够的某物still:仍然,表示状态持续What else can we do 疑问词:What else助动词:can主语:we谓语:do知识点:特殊疑问句结构:疑问词 + 情态动词/助动词 + 主语 + 动词原形。else作副词,用于疑问词后,表示“其他的”。短语及拓展:what else:还有什么can do sth.:能够做某事The sea seems to have the best answer.主语:The sea谓语:seems宾语补足语:to have the best answer知识点:似乎/好像的表达:seem to do sth.,表示主观判断或感觉。the best answer:最好的答案。短语及拓展:seem to do sth.:似乎做某事the answer to sth.:某事的答案There is plenty of water in the sea.There be句型:There is主语:plenty of water介词短语:in the sea知识点:There be句型表示“存在”或“有”。plenty of表示“大量的”。短语及拓展:plenty of sth.:大量的某物in the sea:在海里But we need to take the salt away from the sea water.主语:we谓语:need宾语补足语:to take the salt away from the sea water知识点:need to do sth.:需要做某事。take sth. away from sth.:把某物从另一物中取走。短语及拓展:take sth. away:把某物带走sea water:海水This is very expensive.主语:This谓语:is表语:very expensive知识点:形容词作表语,描述主语的状态或特征。very修饰形容词expensive,表示“非常昂贵”。短语及拓展:be expensive:昂贵的very + 形容词:非常...If scientists can find cheaper ways to do it, we can solve the problem of the shortage of water.条件状语从句:If scientists can find cheaper ways to do it主句:we can solve the problem of the shortage of water知识点:条件状语从句:if引导的条件句,表示假设条件。动词不定式作定语:cheaper ways to do it,表示“做这件事的更便宜的方法”。solve the problem of sth.:解决某问题。短语及拓展:cheaper ways:更便宜的方法the shortage of sth.:某物的短缺solve a problem:解决问题三 . Grammar(不定代词和副词)Indefinite Pronoun(不定代词)定义:不定代词是指那些指代不明确的人或事物,不具体指出是谁或是什么的代词。它们通常用于泛指一类人或事物,而不是特定的人或事物。用法及特点:指代范围:不定代词可以指代人、事物或抽象概念,如“someone”(某人)、“anything”(任何事)、“nobody”(没有人)等。动词形式:在语法上,当不定代词作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数形式,如“Everyone is here.”(每个人都在这里。)但在重提或指代前文提到的不定代词时,可以使用复数代词来指代,如“They all enjoyed the concert.”(他们都很喜欢这场音乐会。)否定句中的用法:在否定句中,不定代词常与否定词连用,如“nobody”(没有人)、“nothing”(没有什么)等。此时,不需要再使用另一个否定词,如“Nobody came.”(没有人来。)而不是“Nobody didn't come.”。形容词修饰:不定代词后常跟形容词作修饰语,如“something interesting”(有趣的事情)、“anyone important”(任何重要的人)等。例句:“I'm looking for someone to help me with my homework.”(我正在找人帮我做作业。)“Nothing is impossible if you put your heart into it.”(只要用心去做,没有什么是不可能的。)Adverb(副词)定义:副词是用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或整个句子的词,主要说明动作或状态的特征、程度、时间、地点等。用法及特点:修饰动词:副词最常见的用法是修饰动词,说明动作的方式、程度、时间等,如“He speaks loudly.”(他大声说话。)中的“loudly”修饰动词“speaks”。修饰形容词:副词也可以修饰形容词,表示程度或状态,如“She is extremely beautiful.”(她非常漂亮。)中的“extremely”修饰形容词“beautiful”。修饰其他副词:有些副词还可以修饰其他副词,表示程度或方式,如“He runs very fast.”(他跑得非常快。)中的“very”修饰副词“fast”。作状语:副词在句子中通常作状语,表示时间、地点、方式、原因、结果等,如“He came here yesterday.”(他昨天来这里的。)中的“yesterday”表示时间。分类:根据功能,副词可分为时间副词(如“now”、“then”)、地点副词(如“here”、“there”)、方式副词(如“slowly”、“quietly”)、程度副词(如“very”、“extremely”)等。根据结构,副词可分为简单副词(如“fast”、“loud”)、复合副词(如“upstairs”、“downstairs”)等。例句:“She sings beautifully.”(她唱得很美。)“Please answer the question carefully.”(请仔细回答这个问题。) 展开更多...... 收起↑ 资源预览