资源简介

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
Unit 1 A New Start 语法解析
一、语法解析
(一)人称代词
*人称代词的形式:人称代词主要是指人的代词。人称代词有人称、数和格的变化。
格数人称 单数 复数
主格 宾格 主格 宾格
第一人称 I我 me We 我们 us
第二人称 you 你 you You 你们 you
第三人称 阳性 he 他 him they 他们 them
阴性 she 她 her 她们
中性 it 它 it 它们
*人称代词的功能
1)主格代词常作主语，宾格代词常作动词或介词的宾语。
Eg: I like playing football.(I在句中作主语) 我喜欢踢足球。
You can ask me for advice.(me在句中作ask宾语) 你可以向我咨询建议。
2)宾格代词有时可代替主格代词
在比较级中，在不引起误解的前提下，有时用宾格代词代替主格代词(尤其是其后跟有同位语all时).
Eg: He is taller than us all.他比我们都高。
在情景对话中，当省去谓语时
Eg:--Who can drive a bus --Me. -- 谁会开公交车 -- 我。
表示惊奇、猜疑、反问、不满、厌烦等情绪。
Eg: Why me (表示一种不满的情绪) 为什么是我
用作表语时，口语中常用宾语
Eg: -- Who is there -- It's me. -- 谁在那 -- 是我。
3)三个人称的代词同时出现时，其单数人称排列顺序一般是“2--3--1”; 复数人称排列顺序一般为“1--2--3”
Eg: You,she and I all enjoy music.你我她都喜欢音乐。
注意:在承担责任、承认错误、检讨工作时，排列顺序为“1--2--3”
Eg:I and she are to blame for the accident.她和我都应该为这次事故负责。
*it的用法
it用作人称代词，代替事物。
1)代替刚提到的过的一件事，既可以直接一个具体的东西，也可以指前面所谈的事情或情况。
Eg: Please give it to me.请把它给我。
2)习惯上用it代替this/that等指示代词。
Eg:--Who's this --It is my mum. -- 这是谁 -- 它是我妈妈。
3)it 常代替无法或没有必要分性别的人;有时指某个动作的人或心里所指的人。
Eg: Someone is knocking at the door. Go to see who it is.有人在敲门。去看看是谁。
4)指距离、时间、季节、天气、气候等自然现象、指环境、情况等。
Eg: It's sunny today.今天天气晴朗。
It's 10:00 now.现在10点。
5)it常用作形式主语句式:Itis + 形容词+for sb./ of sb. to do sth.
Eg: It is important for us to learn English.对我们来说学英语很重要。
It is kind of you to help me.你能帮我真善良。
注意: 形容词如果形容人的品格则用of;否则用 for
6)it常用作形式宾语
Eg: He found it difficult to learn maths.他发现学数学很难。
(二)物主代词
*含义:物主代词就是人称代词的属格，表示“所有”。因此，物主代词和人称代词是相对应的。
Eg: I always do my homework after dinner. 我总是晚饭后做我的作业。
如同名词所有格和of属格一样，物主代词也有形容词性和名词性物主代词之分。
Eg: This is my book.(my为形容词性物主代词) 这是我的书。
This book is mine.(mine为名词性物主代词)这本书时我的。
*物主代词形式
形容词性物主代词 名词性物主代词
第一人称 单数 my mine
复数 our ours
第二人称 单数 your yours
复数 your yours
第三人称 单数 his his
her hers
its its
复数 their theirs
注意:名词性物主代词 =形容词性物主代词+名词
Eg: This is my friend. = This friend is mine.这是我的朋友
名词性物主代词mine=形容词性物主代词my+名词friend.
*形容词性物主代词的功能和用法
形容词性物主代词具有形容词性质，相当于所有格+名词
形容词性物主代词在句中只能作定语
Eg: Bob sends his photo to me.鲍勃把他的照片寄给我。(其中his作定语修饰photo)
2)形容词性物主代词与own连用，表强调
Eg: He always reads his own books.他总是读他自己的书。
3)形容词性物主代词有时由定冠词代替。
Eg: A bee stung her on the nose.(the代替her) 蜜蜂叮了她的鼻子。
*名词性物主代词的功能和用法
名词性物主代词具有名词性质，能担任名词的各种功能，同时也能担任名词of属格的功能
1)名词性物主代词在句中可用作主语、表语、宾语和介词短语。
Eg: Ours is a new and strong country.(主语) 我们的国家是一个新的且强壮的国家。
This house is hers. (表语) 这个房子是她的。
My bike is broken, may I use yours.(宾语)我的自行车坏了，我可以用你的吗
My grandma lives upstairs, above ours. (作介词短语)我的奶奶住在我们的楼上。
2) 名词性物主代词还可以与of连用，表部分概念。
Eg: This is a photo of mine.这是我的一张照片。(强调所有照片中的一张)
(三)反身代词
*含义:反身代词是一种表示反射或强调的代词。
基本含义为:通过反身代词指代主语，使施动者把动作在形式上反射到施动者自己。因此，反身代词与它所指代的名词或代词形成互指关系，在人称、数上保持一致。
Eg: He saw himself in the mirror.他在镜中里看见了他自己。(himself 和he为同一人)
He saw him in the mirror.他在镜子里看见了他。 (him指另一个人)
*形式
单数 复数
第一人称 myself 我自己 ourselves我们自己
第二人称 yourself 你自己 yourselves你们自己
第三人称 himself 他自己 themselves 他/她/它们自己
herself 她自己
itself 它自己
Eg: She can look after herself very well.她可以很好地照顾自己。
注意:Oneself是不定代词one的反身代词
*用法及位置
1)作宾语时可位于动词、介词之后
Eg: Tom enjoyed himself at the dancing party. 汤姆在舞会上玩得很开心。(himself位于动词enjoy之后)
He can take care of himself. 他可以照顾他自己。
(himself位于介词of之后)
2) 作表语时可位于系动词之后
Eg: Mary hasn't quite been herself recently.玛丽最近不在状态。(herself位于系动词Be之后)
3)作同位语时可位于名词或代词之后或句末
Eg: You had better ask the driver himself.你最好问一下司机本人。(himself位于句末作driver的同位语)
二、音标
/a:/发音要领:口腔打开，嘴张大，下巴放低，舌平放，舌尖不抵下齿，轻松发音。
字母组合: a -- star; ar -- card; au-- aunt; al- -half
/ /发音要领:嘴张大，舌尖抵下齿，嘴角尽量拉向两边，成扁平形。
字母组合: a -- ant/ apple/ flag
/e/ 发音要领:嘴型扁平，舌尖抵下齿，舌前部稍抬起
字母组合:e-- egg/ bell; ea -- bread
三、写作
话题一:Mia's reply to her parents.
*提示:1.Show thanks to Dad and Mum.
2.How is life different at junior high
3.What is my problem
4.What am I going to do
*写作步骤
定文体(记叙文)、人称(第一人称)、时态(一般现在时、一般将来时)
*范文:
Dear Mum and Dad:
I want to say“thank you”from the bottom of my heart. In fact, I am nervous about the coming life of junior high. But with your help, I have been ready for it.
I know primary school and middle school are very different. First, junior high school has more subjects than in primary school and they are more difficult. Secondly, I have more opportunity to explore new interests and talents. Finally, I believe junior high school will provide a broader stage for me.
I am afraid that I couldn't fit in well because I didn't know about the teachers and students in new school. But I still remember what you have told me. And when I got to school, I found everyone was friendly to me.
In the future, no matter when meet difficult problems, I can get over any difficulties.
话题二: My first lesson
*提示:1.What was your first teacher
2.What did you learn from the school
3.What is your favourite subject
4.What happened during the lesson
5.What is your feeling and experiences at junior high school
*写作步骤:
定文体(记叙文)、定人称(第一人称)、定时态(一般过去时)
*范文:
My first lesson at junior high school was an English lesson.
Miss Wang was our English teacher. I remember I still felt nervous at first. But when the lesson began, Miss Wang told us some interesting things about learning English, and she taught us a song called Yesterday Once More. Then she asked us to introduce ourselves. When it was my turn to introduce myself, I said nothing because I was nervous. But Miss Wang smiled at me and encouraged me to relax. And then she set an example for me.
She told us it is necessary to feel nervous but don't be afraid of it. We should have courage to face the challenge in our life.
Thanks to Miss Wang, I enjoy myself at my first English lesson.
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