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英语中的五种基本句型
英语句子有长在短，有简有繁，从现象看，似乎千变万化，难以捉摸，但从实质看，可以发现其内在联系，找出其共同规律。英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。
英语五种基本句型列式如下：
基本句型一： Ｓ +Ｖ （主＋谓）
基本句型二： Ｓ +Ｖ +Ｐ （主＋系＋表）
基本句型三： Ｓ +Ｖ +Ｏ （主＋谓＋宾）
基本句型四： Ｓ +Ｖ +IO +DO（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）
基本句型五： Ｓ +Ｖ +O +OC（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）
一 Ｓ +Ｖ（主＋谓）
此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。
这类动词叫做不及物动词（Vi），后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。
Ｓ Ｖi （不及物动词）
1. Time 2. The sun 3. The man 4. We all 5. Everybody 6. I 7. They 8. He 9. He 10. They flies. rose. cooked. eat, and drink. laughed woke. talked (for half an hour). walked (yesterday ) is playing have gone
主语可有修饰语---定语，谓语可有修饰语---状语。
1. The red sun rises in the east.
2. So they had to travel by air or boat.
3.We got up early so as to pick fresh apple.
4. She sat under the tree alone, reading a novel written by Hellen Keller.
二Ｓ +Ｖ +Ｐ（主＋系＋表）
此句型的句子有一个共同的特点：句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思，这类动词叫做连系动词。
Ｓ Linking-V Ｐ(表语)
1. This 2. The dinner 3. He 4. Everything 5. He 6. The book 7. The weather 8. His face is smells fell looks is is became turned an English dictionary. good. happy. different. tall and strong. interesting. warmer. red.
Practice
1. 天越来越冷了。
2. 他看上去很累。
3. 你的汤味道很好。
4. 孩子不久就睡着了。
It’s getting cold.
He looks very tired.
Your soup tastes very good.
Soon the child fell asleep.
三Ｓ +Ｖ +Ｏ（主＋谓＋宾）
谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词（Vt）。
Ｓ Vt Ｏ
1. Who 2. She 3. He 4. He 5. They 6. Danny 7. I 8. He knows laugh at understands made ate likes want said the answer him. English. cakes. some apples. donuts. to have a cup of tea. "Good morning."
宾语成分的多样化
1. Tom made a hole in the wall.
2. I don’t know if he can come tomorrow.
3. They haven’t decided where to go next.
4. She stopped teaching English two years ago.
5. It took them ten years to build the dam.
6. Mother promises to give me a present.
四
Ｓ +Ｖ +IO +DO（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）
Ｓ Ｖ（及物） IO（多指人） DO（多指物）
1. She 2. She 3. He 4. He 5. I 6. I 7. I 8. He passed cooked brought bought showed gave told showed him him sister you her him him me a new dress. a delicious meal. a dictionary. nothing. my pictures. a hand. how to run the machine. that the bus was late.
谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者，另一个是动作的间接承受者。
Ｓ +Ｖ +IO +DO
She brings me cookies every day.
S + V + DO + to/for + IO
She brings cookies to me every day.
She made a beautiful dress for me.
用to侧重指动作的方向，表示朝着，向着，对着某人。
用for 侧重指动作的受益者，表示为了某人，替某人。
（需借助to的）bring, give, lend, hand, offer, pass, pay, promise, return, send, show, teach, tell, write, ask；
（需借助for 的） buy, call, cook, choose, draw, find, get, make, order, sing, save, spare。
常跟双宾语的动词
give, offer, teach, tell, read, ask, bring, pass, lend, return, write, throw, allow, send, cost, make, buy, do, get, save, cook, sing, find
五
Ｓ +Ｖ +Ｏ +Ｃ（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）
动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。
可以用做宾补的有：名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，动词不定式，分词等。
The sun keeps us warm.
I heard him singing.
You must get your hair cut.
They made Tom monitor.
He used to do his homework with his radio on.
常用的带复合宾语的动词
Ｓ Ｖ(及物) Ｏ(宾语) Ｃ(宾补)
1. We 2. They 3. They 4. They 5. What 6. We 7. He 8. I keep painted call found makes saw asked saw the table the door supper the house him him me them clean. green. dinner. dirty. sad out. to come back soon. getting on the bus.
think, consider, feel, find, have, see, hear, notice, get, leave, ask, tell
1. 我们把窗框漆成了黄色。
2. 她把连衣裙染成淡蓝色。
3. 他发现这工作很有意思。
4. 什么使你这样生气？
5. 我们必须在半小时内把晚饭做好。
6. 你们必须保持房间干净。
7. 我认为这没有必要。
8. 不久他们就把她释放了。
除了基本句型的成分不变外，通常是在这些成分的前面或后面增加一些修饰语而加以扩大。这些修饰语可以是单词（主要是形容词、副词和数词），也可以是各种类型的短语（主要是介词短语、不定式短语和分词短语）。
We found the hall full.
我们发现礼堂坐满了。
We found the great hall full of students and teachers.
我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师。
We found the great hall full of students and teachers listening to an important report.
我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师，在听一个重要报告。
We found the great hall full of students and teachers listening to an important report made by a comrade from the People's Daily on current affairs in East Europe.
我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师，在听人民日报的一位同志作有关东欧局势的重要报告。
1.They work hard.
主 + 谓
2.The flower is dead.
主 + 系 + 表
3.Plants need water.
主 + 谓 + 宾
4.He gives me some seeds.
主 + 谓 + 直宾 + 间宾
5.We should keep the plants in the shade.
主 + 谓 + 宾 + 宾补
6.Many animals live in trees.
主 + 谓
不同的动词使用的句型也不尽一样，因此在学习动词时，应掌握动词的类型。以 get 为例：
He's getting angry. (S V P)
He got through the window. (S V O)
You'll get a surprise. (S V O)
He got his shoes and socks wet. (S V O C)
He got himself into trouble. (S V O C)
He got her a splendid present. (S V IO DO)　
在句子中词类和词的位置也影响句子的句型和意思:
I found the book easily. (S V O M)
我很容易地找到了这本书。
I found the book easy. (S V O C)
我觉得这本书很容易。

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