资源简介

1. Do you study English by l__________ to tapes
2. Reading a_________ can help practice p_______________.
3. He thinks English grammar is boring, but I feel d_____________.
4. I cannot understand what he said, because he speaks too q_________,
I hope he can speak s_________.
5. I don't know how to p__________ these English words.
6. Don’t l________ at others’ m___________, it will h__________ their feelings.
7. ---Sorry to trouble you ---It doesn’t m___________.
8. L_______ on, I r_________ the i____________ of learning English.
9. To i__________ your vocabulary, you should read English newspapers and magazines more often.
10. I am a__________ to speak in front of others because I am shy.
11. You can’t pass the exam u_________ you study hard.
12. My English is not good enough, and I often have t________ making c__________ sentences.
13. Doing lots of listening practice is one of the s_________ of becoming a good language l_________.
14. He is a s_________ and he has been in the army for three years.
15. He is r_________ as one of the best students in our school.
16. I don't know how to d_________ with the problems.
17. A teacher must do his d__________. So must a student.
18. I didn’t go shopping yesterday. I stayed at home i__________.
19. His foot sank slightly into the s_________ ground.
20. I study English by t_________ n________.(记笔记)
21. Don’t let him i________ your decision.
22. We hope the f__________ between us will last forever.
23. They l_________ all their money when the business failed.
24. With the d__________ of computer technology, computers have become more and more popular.
25. The math problem is not very difficult, I can work it out e_________.
26. He can f________ the difficulty with great courage.
27. I u________ to be very shy, but now I don’t.
28. He goes to sleep w_______ his bedroom light o______.
29. The pet’s d________ makes her sad.
30. Do you know what c________ the traffic accident
31. The boy is too young to look after h_________.
32. Children often think the medicine is c________ and eat it.
33. I booked a d________ paper and a monthly magazine the other day.
34. The doctor is always very p_________ to his p_________.
35. To my s__________, the little boy can l_________ such a big s__________.
36. We shouldn’t w_________ time.
37. He took (a) great p________ in being a member of the club.
38. He didn't pay a___________ to me.
39. You are not a__________ to drive until you have got your driver’s l__________.
40. It is s_________ of you to spend so much money on the clothes.
41. I am free at p________, so I can go to the shop to buy a birthday p_________ for your mother,
42. He has too much e__________ in teaching English.
43. It’s too late. I’m very s_________. I want to go to bed right now.
44. He cannot r________ to the question.
45. H_______ on to your dreams and never g______ up and you can a________ the dreams one day.
46. ---Did he s___________ in passing the examination ---No, he f___________.
47. Chinese is t__________ in many countries all over the world.
48. He came first in the boy’s 100-meter r__________.
49. What’s the p_________ of your argument
50. If I had one million dollars, I would give it to the m________ r__________ to help sick people.
51. Don’t w________ about your exam. I can help you.
52. Would you please help me t_________ the horse to the tree
53. There are p_________ of books on the s_________ in our school library.
54. I have a large c_________ of friends.
55. He knows a lot of things, he is a k___________ man.
56. One of the books is written in Chinese, the r________ are in English.
57. The old man fell d_________ and h_________ his knees by a___________.
58. My answer is c__________, and yours is wrong.
59. Your ___________ (建议)are very h__________ to me.
60. I o__________ him a cigarette but he r____________.
61. The river is about 2 meters d__________ and 30 meters wide.
62. The mountain is c__________ with the green trees.
63. She b________ her hand on the hot pan.
64. Please write to me as soon as p__________.
65. He looks w__________. What’s the matter with him
66. If the whether is fine, we will have a p_________ in the park tomorrow.
67. Jimmy’s name is on the bag, I think it must b________ to him.
68. He d__________ some soup on his suit.
69. He made his third and f_________ jump to beat the world record.
70. Mr Smith is the o________ of the shop.
71. I got up early this morning to c__________ the first bus.
72. He has ___________ a lot of people for the job.（面试）
73. It is very n__________ outside. Can you hear the n___________
74. The w____________ is blowing hard.
75. Mr Wang lives next to my house, he is my n____________.
76. The d____________ of the zoo says threes m__________ e_________ form the zoo last night.
77. The food s__________ nice but t___________ terrible.
78. One f___________ cannot l________ a small stone.
79. A________ is a small insect living on the ground in well-ordered groups and famous for hard work.
80. I’d love to s_________ across the P__________ O___________.(太平洋)
81. Don’t let yesterday u________ up too much of today.
82. I p_________ the songs that have great l___________.
83. The ______________(照片) r___________ me of thinking of my grandfather.
84. Those f____________ live on fishing in the sea.（渔民）
85. The beautiful song i____________ me a lot.
86. Don't believe him w___________ he says, he is a d_____________ man.
87. He is an h___________ boy, he never tells lies.
88. Most people in Japan think they belong to the middle c__________.
89. I got up late so I m___________ the school bus this morning.
90. His white face s___________ his bad illness.
91. Young people usually have more e_________ than the old.
92. Smoking too much can cause c__________.
93. Read carefully and try to catch the m_________ idea of the story.
94. The world’s population has i____________ these years.
95. Smoking can increase the r___________ of developing heart dease.
96. Some children like eating candies and b___________.
97. Why not ___________(考虑) t___________ through the Amazon Jungle
98. Hangzhou is one of the l_____________ cities and it has many beautiful s____________.
99. Everyone is here, i____________ Jimmy and Sally.
100. Would you please t__________ these sentences into English
101. The box is not very heavy, it’s l_________.
102. After having a short rest, they c_____________ with the work.
103. It is cheap and convenient to take u______________ trains in Beijing.
104. Could you p___________ me with some ____________ (信息)about the kinds of vacations.
105. The __________ is made from grapes. （酒）
106. The weather r___________ says that it will be rainy and w___________ tomorrow.
107. I d__________ I could fly last night.
108. The most popular ___________ (选择)of job is computer p___________.
109. Shanghai is in ___________ China, and Zhejiang is in the ___________ of China.（东部）
110. This is the factory w___________ my father u_________ to work several years ago.
111. This is the factory w___________ we visited several years ago.
112. I like living in the room w__________ windows f__________ south.
113. Many famous photos are on d__________ in the exhibition.
114. Stpehen Hawking(霍金) can’t walk or even speak, but he has become famous and s____________.
115. Mike is t___________ of the dark, so he never goes out at night.
116. Both Tom and Jack can play football, so the ball m_________ b_________ to one of them.
117. Last summer I had an o______________ to v____________ in a local hospital.
118. I try to find q__________ an i______________ hotel, because I want to s_________ money.
119. He is kind, he is always w___________ to help others.
120. In g__________ the film is not too bad.
121. Notre Dame Cathedral is one of the famous c___________ in the world.
122. The ___________ man says, “ Eating _____________ is good for our___________.” (健康)
123. I used to dig the garden every week, but I lost h__________ when the rain washed all the
plants away.
124. Sixteen-year-olds shouldn’t be allowed to g__________ their ears p____________.
125. He is so kind-hearted that he always v_____________ his time to help the poor.
126. Last week, an earthquake destroyed their village, they became h__________ people.
127. Lots of poor people died of cold and h__________ in that winter.
128. He looks so sad. Let’s try to c_________ him up.
129. My brother is good at football, so he wants to c___________ a football team for little kids.
130. I am annoyed that the interesting TV programmes are often broken in with all kinds of a_________
131. Would you please s_________ the table for us
132. A new school will be _________ __________ next year. (建立)
133. My bike is broken, I’ll have it r____________.
134. Her dress is s_____________ to yours, they almost look the same.
135. The bottle is f__________ with milk.
136. ---I left my keys in the office. Could you f_________ them for me ---It’s my p_____________.
137. Be sure to s_________ the doors and windows before you leave.
138. I love Italy, e___________ in summer.
139. My friend Dave came up with a great idea! We are going to make a pen pal w___________.
140. I can’t i__________ life without water or air.
141. The b_________ can’t see and the d_________ can’t hear. They are d____________ people.
142. The boy is very clever, he can f________ up the bike himself.
143. The big stone is too heavy to c__________.
144. Edison was a great i___________, he __________ 1,093 i__________ in his life.
145. The dish is very cold, you should h_________ it before having it.
146. The grapes are s__________ than apples.
147. Change is an old a__________ legend in China.
148. Very little of the house r___________ after the fire.
149. A man was n_________ to hurry into the room.
150. Now many famous foreign cars are p____________ in China.
151. We had a p___________ trip this summer.
152. The old chair should be t__________ away.
153. The soup has very little t__________.
154. There are one hundred years in a c___________.
155. We always take a_________ part in sports.
156. The government plans to c____________ more jobs for young people.
157. The knife is made of m__________. Paper is made f_________ wood.
158. K__________ into players and falling down would be dangerous.
159. Ninety d__________ by three is thirty.
160. A half and a quarter is ______________.
161. As we know, Yao Ming is a great b___________ player.
162. Please do not write b________ this line.
163. China is a d___________ country, America is a d___________ country.
164. The river runs t__________ the ocean.
165. When we reached the top of the mountain, the sun had r_________.
166. It is b___________ that the first basketball game in history was played on December 21st, 1891.
167. The driver drove very s____________ and took the passengers to the s___________.
168. She put salt into her tea by m___________.
答案：
1. listening 2. aloud, pronunciation 3. differently 4.quickly, slowly 5. pronounce 6. laugh, mistakes, hurt 7. matter 8. Later, realized, importance 9. improve 10. afraid 11. unless 12. trouble, complete 13. secrets, learner 14. soldier 15. regarded 16. deal 17. duty 18. instead 19. soft 20. taking notes 21. influence 22. friendship 23. lost 24. development, 25. easily 26. face 27. used 28. with, on 29. death 30. caused 31. himself 32. candy 33. daily 34. patient, patients 35. surprise, lift, stone 36. waste 37. pride 38. attention 39. allowed, licence/license 40. silly 41. present, present 42. experience 43. sleepy 44. reply 45. hold, give, achieve 46. succeed, fail 47. taught 48. race 49. point 50. medical research 51. worry 52. tie 53. plenty, shelves 54. circle 55. knowledgeable 56. rest 57. downstairs, hurt, accident 58. correct 59. suggestions, helpful 60. offered, refused 61. deep 63. covered 63. burned 64. possible 65. worried 66. picnic 67. belong 68. dropped 69. final 70. owner 71. catch 72. interviewed 73. noisy, noise 74. wind 75. neighbor 76. director, monkeys, escaped 77. smells, tastes 78. finger, lift 79. Ant 80. sail, Pacific Ocean 81. until 82. prefer, lyrics 83. photograph(s), remind(s) 84. fishermen 85. interests 86. whatever, dishonest 87. honest 88. class 89. missed 90. suggests 91. energy 92. cancer 93. main 94. increased 95. risk 96. biscuits 97. consider, trekking 98. liveliest, sights 99. including 100. translate
101. light 102. continued 103. underground 104. provide, information 105. wine 106. report, windy107. dreamed 108. choice, programming 109. eastern, east 110. where, used 111. which 112. whose, face 113. display 114. successful 115. terrified 116. might, belong 117. opportunity, volunteer 118. quite, inexpensive, save 119. willing 120. general 121.church 122. healthy, healthily, health 123. heart 124. get, pierced 125. volunteers 126. homeless 127. hunger 128. cheer 129. coach 130. advertisements 131. set 132. set up 133. repaired 134. similar 135. filled 136. fetch, pleasure 137. shut 138. especially 139. website 140. imagine 141. blind, deaf, disable 142. fix 143. carry 144. inventor, invented, inventions 145.heat 146. sourer 147. ancient 148. remained 149. noticed 150. produced 151. pleasant 152. taken 153. taste 154. century 155. active 156. create 157. metal, from 158. Knocking 159. divided 160. three fourths 161. basketball 162. below 163. developing, developed 164.towards 165. risen 166. believed 167. safely, safety 168. mistake一
介词by的用法
1、 意为“在……旁”，“靠近”。Some are singing and dancing under a big tree。Some are drawing by the lake。有的在大树下唱歌跳舞。有的在湖边画画儿。
2、意为“不迟于”，“到……时为止”。Your son will be all right by supper time。你的儿子在晚饭前会好的。How many English songs had you learned by the end of last term 到上个学期末你们已经学了多少首英语歌曲
3、表示方法、手段，可译作“靠”、“用”、“凭借”、“通过”、“乘坐”等。The monkey was hanging from the tree by his tail and laughing。猴子用尾巴吊在树上哈哈大笑。The boy’s father was so thankful that he taught Edison how to send messages by railway telegraph。孩子的父亲是那么的感激，于是他教爱迪生怎样通过铁路电报来传达信息。
4、表示“逐个”，“逐批”的意思。One by one they went past the table in the dark。他们一个一个得在黑暗中经过这张桌子。
5、表示“根据”，“按照”的意思。What time is it by your watch 你的表几点了
6、和take ， hold等动词连用，说明接触身体的某一部分。I took him by the hand。我拉住了他的手。
7、用于被动句中，表示行为主体，常译作“被”、“由”等。English is spoken by many people。英语被许多人说。(即“许多人讲英语。”)
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二
动名词doing
动名词相当于名词，在句子中可以做主语、宾语、表语、定语等。
1、作主语Fighting broke out between the South and the North。南方与北方开战了。
2、作宾语Would you mind turning down your radio a little， please 请问你介意调小一点收音机的音量吗
3、作表语Babysister’s job is washing，cooking and taking care of the children。保姆的工作是洗衣服，作饭和照看孩子。
4、做定语a washing machine 一台洗衣机
三
used to 的用法
used to 意为过去常常做某事。
1、肯定句：used这个词没有人称的变化，to后面接动词原形。否定句是didn’t use to…。When I was a child， I didn’t use to like apples。当我还是孩子的时候我不喜欢苹果。疑问形式是Did you use to… Where did you use to live before you came here 当你来这儿之前你住哪儿
2、含有used to 的句子的反意疑问句不要usedn’t + 主语，而用didn’t + 主语。——He used to smoke， didn’t he ——他过去常常吸烟，是吗 Yes， he did。/ No， he didn’t。是的，他吸。/ 不，他不吸。
四
被动语态
被动语态由助动词be加及物动词的过去分词构成，助动词be有时态，人称和数的变化。被动语态的时态是由be的时态决定的，be是什么时态，全句就是什么时态，be动词后面的过去分词不变。
1、各种时态的被动语态结构如下：一般现在时的被动语态：主语+am / is / are (not)+过去分词一般过去时的被动语态：主语+was / were +过去分词现在完成时的被动语态：主语+have / has +been +过去分词一般将来时的被动语态：主语+will +be +过去分词过去将来时的被动语态：主语+would / should + be +过去分词过去进行时的被动语态：主语+was / were + being +过去分词过去完成时的被动语态：主语+had + been +过去分词情态动词的被动语态：情态动词+be+过去分词
2、被动语态的用法
(1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁，不用by+动作执行者短语。Football is played widely all over the world。全世界都广泛地踢足球。
(2)强调动作的承受者。The bank was robbed yesterday afternoon。昨天下午这家银行遭到抢劫。
(3)作客观说明时，常采用一种被动语态句型。It is reported that about twenty children have died of flu in the USA。据报道美国大约二十名儿童死于流感。
3、主动语态的句子变为被动语态的步骤(1)把原句中的宾语变为主语(2)动词改为被动形式，即be+过去分词(3)原来的主语，如果需要的话，放在by后面;如果没必要，可省略。
五
虚拟语气
如果我们所说的不是事实，而只是一种假设、愿望、建议或是一种实现不了的空想就用虚拟语气。
注意：条件句分两种，真实条件句和虚拟条件句。只有在虚拟(非真实)条件句中，才用虚拟语气;而在真实条件句中，要用陈述语气。
请比较：
(1)If it is sunny tomorrow ，we’ll go to the zoo。
如果明天天气好，我们将会去公园。
在这句话中，明天天气好是完全有可能实现的，并非虚拟、幻想，因此是真实条件句，在本句中，适用“主将从现。”
(2)If I were you ，I would go at once。
如果我是你的话，我立刻就走。
在这句话中，条件句“如果我是你”，但事实上，我不可能成为你，这只是假设的情况，没有实现的可能。当条件实现的可能性很小，甚至可以说没有时，就需要用虚拟语气来表示。
虚拟语气表示和现在的事实相反，从句用一般过时，主句用 “should/would/could/ might +动词原形。
例如 ：
If I had time， I would go for a walk。
If I were invited， I would go to the dinner party。
If I won a million dollars in the lottery， I would put it in the bank。
If I were you ， I’d wear a shirt and tie。
注意：在虚拟语气的句子中，be动词只能用were，不能用was。
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六
must/might/could/can't
1、must
(1)must 表示主观看法，意为“必须”。如：You must stay here until I come back。Must I hand in my homework right now 对must引导的疑问句，肯定回答为must，否定回答为needn’t 或don’t have to 。如：—Must I finish my homework —No， you needn’t。
(2)must也可以表示有把握的推测，意为“ 一定，肯定”，用于肯定句。如：The light is on， so he must be at home now。其否定形式mustn’t表示“禁止，不许”。如：You mustn’t play with fire。You mustn’t be late。
2、could
(1)can的过去式，意为“能、会”，表示过去的能力。如：He could write poems when he was 10。
(2)could在疑问句中，表示委婉请求的语气，此时could没有过去式的意思。如：Could you do me a favour —Could I use your pen —Yes， you can。(注意回答)
3、mightmight为may的过去式。might表示推测时，表示可能性低于may(此时might没有过去式的意思)，当请求讲时，比may的语气更委婉。He is away from school。He might be sick。Might I use your dictionary
4、can
(1)表示能力，一般译为“能、会”，尤其指生来具备的能力。如：She can swim fast， but I can’t 。
(2)表示许可，常在口语中。如：You can use my dictionary。
(3)表示推测，意为“可能”，常用于否定句和疑问句中，此时can’t译为“不可能”。如：—Can the news be true —No， it can’t be our teacher。He is on a visit to the Great Wall。
七
定语从句
1、定语从句的概念在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词，定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。
2、定语从句的关系词引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词，常见的关系代词包括that， which， who(宾格whom，所有格whose)等，关系副词包括where， when， why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的重要成分。
3、定语从句的分类根据定语从句与先行词的关系，定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词，主句与从句不用逗号分开，从句不可省去。非限制性定语从句与主句之间有逗号分开，起补充说明作用，如省去，意思仍完整。
4、关系代词的用法
(1)that 既可以用于指人，也可以用于指物。在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。作主语时不可省略，作宾语可省略。
例如：Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle。玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。(that作主语)The coat (that) I put on the desk is blue。我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。(that作宾语)
(2)which用于指物，在句中作主语、宾语或表语。作主语不可省略，作宾语可省略。
例如：The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket。位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。(作主语)The film (which) we saw last night was wonderful。我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。(作宾语)
(3)who， whom用于指人，who 用作主语，whom用作宾语。在口语中，有时可用who代替whom。who和whom作宾语时也可省略。
例如：The girl who often helps me with my English is from England。经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。(作主语)Who is the teacher (whom) Li Ming is talking to 正在与李明谈话的老师是谁 (作宾语)
5、关系副词的用法
(1)when指时间，其先行词表示时间，when在定语从句中作时间状语。
例如：This was the time when he arrived。这是他到达的时间。
(2)where指地点，其先行词表示地点，where在定语从句中作地点状语。
例如：This is place where he works。这是他工作的地点。
(3)why 指原因，其先行词是原因，why在定语从句中做原因状语。
例如：Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school。没人知道他为什么上学总迟到。
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拓展阅读：初中英语成绩提升方法
1. 极度重视课本。当然，中考绝对不会考课本上的文章。但是，中考一定会考课本上的单词。而对单词的真正掌握，除了要记住，还必须会用，会用才能真正记住。反复阅读课文，划出里面的关键词、短语和句型，在具体语境中去掌握它们。然后，要习惯背诵英语课文，可以是整篇，也可以是其中一两个精彩段落，看你对自己的具体要求和实际情况来。因为，背诵是习得英语语感的最佳方法。我不知道语感这个东西是否有些人先天就具备，这是一个科技问题，至少我没有先天语感优势，我唯一能用自身经历证明的是：语感，完全可以通过后天的训练不断增强。
2. 买一本课本同步参考资料。课本上的东西是零散的，你还需要一个对于课本重点知识系统的总结和归纳。而课本同步参考资料就是起到这样的重要作用。仔细读完、分析完课本文章之后，一定要看看同步参考书，将课本零散知识点系统梳理一遍，参考书上的习题也要做一遍，做完后一定要核对答案、改错和分析错误，彻底弄懂错题，这个环节必不可少。
3. 准备一个单词笔记本。把课本同步资料上的重点单词、短语、句型及其用法用心摘抄到笔记本上，一周至少复习三次。你可以早自习复习，也可以睡上睡觉前过一遍，个人觉得这两个时间段复习单词效率最高。早自习时一天中头脑最清醒的时候，晚睡前记住的东西经过一夜的潜意识加工，第二天会记得格外清晰。
4. 每天都要刷阅读理解和完形填空题。如果我说的前面三点你都在严格执行，那么，基本词汇量肯定是有了，基本的阅读能力也具备了，此时，你的英语成绩能保持在100-110分。如何提高到120分呢，没错，就是阅读。你需要每天至少刷四篇阅读理解和一篇完形填空，按考试规定的时间完成，无论繁忙还是空闲，健康还是疾病，一息尚存，你就要坚持读下去。做完题目之后，核对答案，对于错题一定要认真分析、直到彻底弄懂。
5. 保存做过的每一篇完形和阅读。这样做的目的是，要定期翻看上面的生词注释，避免遗忘。前提是，做完每一篇之后你要把生词查出来标注在相应位置。我不建议把文章中的生词摘抄到笔记本上，脱离语境的记忆印象不深刻、记忆不持久、用法不清晰。
6. 看名著简写本。阅读英语名著，可以增加词汇量、提高阅读能力、了解英语本土文化、滋养身心……真是好处多多啊!定义
情态动词(Modal verbs)本身有一定的词义，表示语气的单词。但是不能独立作谓语，只能和动词原形一起构成谓语。情态动词用在行为动词前，表示说话人对这一动作或状态的看法或主观设想。
情态动词虽然数量不多，但用途广泛，主要有下列：can (could), may (might), must, need, ought to, dare (dared), shall (should), will (would)。
因为情态动词带有某种的情绪性，比如dare就很强硬，比较负面，而may就比较的和善，为了避免在谈话时把“讨论”变成“攻击”，宝贝们一定要学会善用情态动词哦!
下面这张图帮你理清这些情态动词，表示说话者语气的强硬度从高到低依次递减，dare最强硬，shall最温和哦~
分类
情态动词有四类：①只做情态动词：must,can(could),may(might),ought to②可做情态动词又可做实义动词：need,dare③可做情态动词又可做助动词：shall(should),will(would)④具有情态动词特征：have(had) to,used to
位置
情态动词在句中放在谓语动词之前, 谓语动词前若有助动词,则在助动词之前,疑问句中，情态动词则在主语之前。I can see e here.我能看见你，过来吧。He must have been away.他一定走了。What can I do for you 我能帮你吗 How dare you treat us like that!你怎能那样对待我们!
特点
情态动词无人称和数的变化, 情态动词后面跟的动词需用原形,否定式构成是在情态动词后面加 "not"。个别情态动词有现在式和过去式两种形式, 过去式用来表达更加客气, 委婉的语气, 时态性不强, 可用于过去，现在或将来。情态动词属非及物动词，故没有被动语态。情态动词没有非谓语形式，即没有不定式，分词，等形式。He could be here soon.他很快就来。We can't carry the heavy box.我们搬不动那箱子。I'm sorry I can't help you.对不起，我帮不上你。
基本助动词与情态助动词最主要的区别之一是，基本助动词本身没有词义，而情态助动词则有自己的词义，能表示说话人对有关动作或状态的看法，或表示主观设想：What have you been doing since (构成完成进行体，本身无词义)I am afraid I must be going. (一定要)You may have read some account of the matter. (或许已经)
除此之外，情态助动词还有如下词法和句法特征：1) 除ought和used以外，其他情态动词后面只能接不带to的不定式。如果我们把ought to和used to看做是固定词组的话，那么，所有情态动词无一例外地只能接不带to的不定式：We used to grow beautiful roses.I asked if he would come and repair my television set.
2) 情态助动词在限定动词词组总是位居第一：They need not have been punished so severely.
3) 情态助动词用于第三人称单数现在时的时候，没有词形变化，即其词尾无-s形式：She dare not say what she thinks.
4) 情态动词没有非限定形式，即没有不定式和分词形式，也没有相应的动名词：Still, she needn't have run away.
5) 情态助动词的“时”的形式并不是时间区别的主要标志。在不少场合，情态助动词的现在时和过去时形式都可以表示现在、过去或将来时间：Would you mind very much if I ask you to do something She told him he ought not to have done it.
6) 情态助动词之间是相互排斥的，即在一个限定动词词组中只能出现一个情态助动词，但有时却可以与have和be基本助动词连用：You should have washed the wound.Well, you shouldn't be reading a novel.
用法
首先它是动词，而且不同于行为动词，行为动词表示的是可以通过行为来表达的动作(如写，读，跑)，而情态动词只是表达的一种想法(如能，也许，敢)。
用法是：情态动词+行为动词原形例句：I can read this sentence in English.我能用英语读这句话。
情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义,表示说话人的情绪,态度或语气的动词,但不能单独作谓语,只能和其他动词原形构成谓语。We can be there on time tomorrow.我们明天能按时去那儿。May I have your name 我能知道你的名字吗 Shall we begin now 我们现在就开始吗 You must obey the school rules.你必须遵守校规。
功能
助动词(auxiliary)主要有两类：基本助动词(primary auxiliary)和情态助动词(modal auxiliary)。基本助动词有三个：do, have和be;情态助动词有十三个：may, might; can, could; will, would; shall, should; must, need, dare, used to, ought to.上述两类助动词的共同特征是，在协助主动词构成限定动词词组时，具有作用词的功能：
1) 构成否定式：He didn't go and neither did she.The meeting might not start until 5 o'clock.
2) 构成疑问式或附加疑问式：Must you leave right now You have been learning French for 5 years, haven't you
3) 构成修辞倒装：Nowhere can he obtain any information about his sister.Hardly had he arrived when she started complaining.
4) 代替限定动词词组：A: Who can solve this crossword puzzle B: Tom can.A: Shall I write to him B: Yes, do.
用法要点
can, could
1) 表示能力(体力、知识、技能)。Can you lift this heavy box (体力)Mary can speak three languages.(知识)Can you skate (技能)此时可用be able to代替。Can只有一般现在时和一般过去式;而be able to则有更多的时态。I’ll not be able to come this afternoon.当表示“经过努力才得以做成功某事”时应用be able to，不能用Can。如：He was able to go to the party yesterday evening in spite of the heavy rain.
2) 表示请求和允许。Can I go now Yes, you can. / No, you can’t.此时可与may互换。在疑问句中还可用could,might代替，不是过去式，只是语气更委婉，不能用于肯定句和答语中。Could I come to see you tomorrow Yes, you can. ( No, I’m afraid not. )
3) 表示客观可能性(客观原因形成的能力)。They’ve changed the timetable, so we can go by bus instead.This hall can hold 500 people at least.
4) 表示推测(惊讶、怀疑、不相信的态度)，用于疑问句、否定句和感叹句中。Can this be true This can’t be done by him.How can this be true
特别说明：(1) could用来表示请求时，语气委婉，主要用于疑问句，不能用于肯定句，答语应用can(即：could不能用于现在时态的简略答语中)。Could I use your dictionary Yes, you can.(否定回答可用：No, I’m afraid not.)此时可与may互换。在疑问句中还可用could,might代替，不是过去式，只是语气更委婉，不能用于肯定句和答语中。Could I come to see you tomorrow Yes, you can. ( No, I’m afraid not. )(2) can和be able to辨析can(could)和be able to都可以表示能力，意思上没有区别。但can只有现在式和过去式，而be able to则有更多的形式。如：I’ve always wanted to able to speak fluent English.Those bags look really heavy, are you sure you’ll be able to carry them on your own 但是，表示在过去某时的某一场合经过一番努力，终于做成了某事，通常不用could，而用was/were able to来表示。could：有潜能，但并未做到，这时was/were able to相当于managed to do或succeed in doing。如：After the accident it was a long time before she was able to walk again.The fire was very big, but most people were able to escape from the building.I can sing many English songs.我会唱许多英文歌曲。We were able to return to our campsite before the heavy rain.我们在下大雨前设法会到了野营地。He was able to swim across the river and escaped being caught.他游到了河对岸，没有被抓住。在否定句中，can/could与be able t几乎没有什么差别，两者可以互换。例如：She wasn’t able to/couldn’t cook French dishes.她不会做法国菜。(3) 惯用形式“can not …too…”表示“无论怎么……也不(过分)”。如：You cannot be too careful.你越小心越好。惯用形式“can not but+ 不定式(不带to)”表示“不得不，只好”。如：I can not but admire her determination.我不得不钦佩你的决心。
may, might
1) 表示请求和允许。might比 may语气更委婉，而不是过去式。否定回答时可用can’t或mustn’t，表示“不可以，禁止”。Might/ May I smoke in this room No, you mustn’t.May/Might I take this book out of the room Yes, you can. (No, you can’t / mustn’t. )用May I... 征徇对方许可时比较正式和客气，而用Can I... 在口语中更常见。
2)用于祈使句，表示祝愿。May you succeed!
3) 表示推测、可能性(不用于疑问句)。might不是过去式，它所表示的可能性比may小。1.He may /might be very busy now.2.Your mother may /might not know the truth.
must, have to
1) 表示必须、必要。You must come in time.在回答引出的问句时，如果是否定的，不能用mustn't(禁止，不准)，而用needn’t, don’t have to(不必).Must we hand in our exercise books today Yes, you must.No, you don’t have to / you needn’t.
2) must是说话人的主观看法， 而have to则强调客观需要。Must只有一般现在时， have to 有更多的时态形式。1. He play isn’t interesting, I really must go now.2. I had to work when I was your age.
3) 表示推测、可能性(只用于肯定的陈述句)1. You’re Tom’s good friend, so you must know what helikes best.2. Your mother must be waiting for you now.
dare, need
1) dare作情态动词用时, 常用于疑问句、否定句和条件从句中, 过去式形式为dared。1. How dare you say I’m unfair 2. He daren’t speak English before such a crowd, dare he 3. If we dared not go there that day， we couldn’t get the beautiful flowers.
2) need 作情态动词用时, 常用于疑问句、否定句。在肯定句中一般用must, have to, ought to, should代替。1.You needn’t come so early.2. Need I finish the work today Yes, you must. / No, you needn’t.
3) dare和 need作实义动词用时， 有人称、时态和数的变化。在肯定句中，dare后面常接带to的不定式。在疑问句和否定句中，dare后 面可接带to或不带to的不定式。而need后面只能接带to的不定式。1. I dare to swim across this river.2. He doesn’t dare (to) answer.3. He needs to finish his homework today.
shall, should
1) shall 用于第一人称，征求对方的意见。What shall we do this evening
2) shall 用于第二、三人称，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。1. You shall fail if you don’t work hard.(警告)2. He shall have the book when I finish it.(允诺)3. He shall be punished.(威胁)
will, would
1) 表示请求、建议等，would更委婉。Will / Would you pass me the ball, please
2) 表示意志、愿望和决心。1. I will never do that again.2. They asked him if he would go abroad.
3) would表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向。would表示过去习惯时比used to正式，且没有“现已无此习惯”的含义。1. During the vacation, he would visit me every other day.2. The wound would not heal.4) 表示估计和猜想。It would be about ten o’clock when she left home.
特别说明：would与used to辨析would可用来表示过去反复出现的动作，但不能表示过去存在的状态，所以我们不能说：“she would be a quiet girl.”另外，would强调过去某种特定情况下的活动，是完全过去的事情，同现在没有联系。而used to则着眼于过去和现在的对比，隐含现在已不存在，动作或状态都可表示。Would可以表示不规则的习惯，used to则不可。如：He used to be a naughty boy and cause trouble.I used to get up at six in the morning.Sometimes she would take a walk in the neighboring woods.In those days, whenever I had difficulties, I would go to Mr. Chen for help.
should, ought to
1) should, ought to表示“应该”，ought to表示义务或责任，比should语气重。1. I should help her because she is in trouble.2. You ought to take care of the baby.
2) 表示劝告、建议和命令。should, ought to可通用，但在疑问句中常用should。1. You should / ought to go to class right away.2. Should I open the window
3) 表示推测，should , ought to (客观推测), must(主观推测)。1.He must be home by now. (断定他已到家)2.He ought to/should be home by now.(不太肯定)3. This is where the oil must be.(直爽)4. This is where the oil ought to/should be.(含蓄)
情态动词+不定式完成式(have done)
1) can / could + have done在肯定句中表示“本来可以做而实际上能做某事”，是虚拟语气;在疑问句或否定句中表示对过去行为的怀 疑或不肯定, 表示推测。1. You could have done better, but you didn’t try your best.(虚拟语气)2. He can’t have been to that town.(推测)3. Can he have got the book (推测)
2) may / might +不定式完成式(have done)表示对过去行为的推测。不能用于疑问句中，没有虚拟语气的用法。Might所表示的可能性比may小。1. He may not have finished the work .2. If we had taken the other road, we might have arrived earlier.
3)must +不定式完成式(have done)用于肯定句中，表示对过去行为的推测。意为“一定、想必”。其疑问、否定形式用can，can’t代替。参看1) can / could + have done表示推测。1. You must have seen the film Titanic.2. He must have been to Shanghai.
4)should +不定式完成式(have done)用于肯定句中，表示对过去行为的推测。He should have finished the work by now。表示“本应该做而实际上没有做某事”，其否定式表示某种行为本不该发生却发生了。可以与ought to +不定式完成式(have don e)互换。1. You ought to / should have helped him. (but you didn’t.)2. She shouldn’t have taken away my measuring tape, for I wanted to use it.
5) needn’t +不定式完成式(have done)表示“本来不必做而实际上做了某事”。You needn’t have watered the flowers, for it is going to rain.
6) will +不定式完成式(have done)主要用于第二、三人称，表示对已完成的动作或事态的推测。He will have arrived by now.
情态动词表示猜测肯定：must>should>could>may>might否定：can’t>shouldn’t>couldn’t>may not>表示要求，命令时，语气由 should(应该)、had better最好)、must(必须)渐强。必须掌握情态动词表示推测语气时的反意疑问句。例如：The road is wet. It must have rained, hasn't it The road is wet. It must have rained last night, didn't it (多了过去时的时间状语)I met him on his way home. He can’t be in the library now, isn't he The coat is too close to the fire. It might get burnt, doesn't it 1.动词变名词
1.v+ ment 结尾
achieve --- achievement 成就
advertise --- advertisement 广告
agree --- agreement 同意
apartment 公寓
amusement 娱乐
argue --- argument 争吵
commit --- commitment 奉献
compliment 称赞，恭维
develop --- development 发展
disgree --- disagreement 不赞同
department 局，部
experiment 实验，试验
equip 装备 --- equipment 装备，器材
govern 统治 --- government 政府
manage---management 经营 管理
2．V+ tion 结尾
admit --- admission 承认
attract --- attraction 吸引
conclude --- conclusion 结论
compete --- competition 竞争，比赛
discuss --- discussion 讨论
educate --- education 教育
decide --- decision 决定
describe --- description描写，描绘
express ----expression 词语；表达
graduate --- graduation 毕业
operate --- operation 操作，动手术
organize ---organization
imagine --- imagination 想象力
introduce ---introduction 介绍
instruct --- instruction 指导， 介绍
invent--- inventor / invention 发明
illustrate --- illustration 阐明，举例说明
invite --- invitation 邀请
inspire---inspiration 灵感，鼓舞人心的
pollute --- pollution 污染
predict ---prediction 预言
pronounce ---pronunciation
resolve --- resolution 决心
impress --- impression 印象
permit --- permission 允许
suggest ---suggestion 建议，暗示
solve ---solution 解决方法
3．V+ ance 结尾
allow --- allowance 允许
appear --- appearance 外貌 ，出现
perform --- performance 演出
exist --- existance 存在
4．V+ ing 结尾
bathe 洗澡 ---bathing
end 结束 --- ending 结尾，结局
train 训练---training
mean ---- meaning 意义
say--- saying 谚语
remind --- reminding提醒
5．V+ 其他
beg(乞讨)---beggar 乞丐
sit---seat 座位
employ- --employer 雇主，老板 ---employee雇员
believe --- belief 信仰
behave 行为，举止--- behavior 行为
know--- knowledge 知识
fly--- flight 飞行
heat 加热---heat 热量
hit 撞击 --- hit 轰动一时的人或物
mix 混合 --- mixture 混合物
press 按，压 --- pressure 压力
receive --- receptionist 接待员
serve --- service 服务
succeed ---success 成功
tour 在...旅游，在...作巡回演出 直接+地点 tour China
---tour 旅游/ tourist 游客
pursue --- pursuit 追求，从事
propose --- proposal 建议
withdraw --- withdrawal 取钱；收回；撤退
survive --- survival--survivor 幸存者
arrive --- arrival到达
analyze --- analysis 分析形容词
2.名词/动词变形容词
1.名词+y
anger --- angry 生气的
honest --- honesty 诚实的
hunger---hungry 饥饿的
fog--- foggy 有雾的
fur--- furry 毛皮的
guilt 罪恶---guilty 内疚的
health---healthy 健康的
luck---lucky 幸运的
cloud---cloudy 多云的
wind—windy 多风的
rain---rainy 多雨的
snow---snowy 多雪的
sun--- sunny 阳关灿烂的
tourist --- touristy 游客多的
business---busy 忙碌的
salt 盐--- salty 咸的
shine---shiny 发亮的
silk 丝绸 ---silky 丝绸般的
sleep--- sleepy 昏昏欲睡的
taste 口味，品味--- tasty 甜的
fish---fishy 怀疑的
2.名词/动词+ ed
balance --- balanced 平衡的
spot 斑点，地点 --- spotted 有斑点的
talent --- talented 有天赋的
organize ---organized 有组织的
distust ---distusted 厌恶的
offend ---offended 生气的
crowd ---crowded 拥挤的
pollute ---polluted 被污染的
please ---pleased 高兴的
3．名词+ ful/less
meaning --- meaningful 有意义的
care --- careful/ careless 小心的；粗心的
help--- helpful / helpless
home --- homeless 无家可归的
colour--- colourful 多彩的
pain 疼痛 ---painful 痛苦的
use--- useless/ useful 有用的
thank--- thankful 充满感激的
peace 和平 --- peaceful 平静的，宁静的
play --- playful 顽皮的，爱玩耍的
4．名词/动词+ able
还有一般以e 结尾的词，去e 加able，
change --- changeable 易变的
动词以辅音加y结尾 把y变i 加able ，
deny--- deniable 可否认的
rely--- reliable 可靠的
adjust---adjustable 可调整的
comfort---comfortable 舒适的
knowledge---knowledgeable 知识渊博的
suit 一套---suitable 合适的
5.名词+ ous
courage---courageous 勇敢的
danger--- dangerous 危险的
mystery 神秘--- mysterious 神秘的
6.ce 变 t
confidence--- confident 自信的
difference---different 不同的
dependence --- dependent 依赖他人的
independence--- independent 独立的
7. al 结尾
addition--- additional 附加的，额外的
class--- classical 经典的
medicine 药---medical 医学的
music--- musical 音乐的
nature---natural 自然的
person---personal (私人的)
nation--- national 国家的
education---educational有教育意义的
tradition--- traditional 传统的
origin起源---original 新颖的；独创的
grammar--- grammatical 语法的
globe--- global 全球的
8．名词+ ly
friend--- friendly 友好的
live---lively 活跃的，有生气的
love---lovely 可爱的
week---weekly 每周的
man---manly 男子气概的；强壮的
9.+ en 结尾
wood--- wooden 木制的
wool--- woolen 羊毛的
10. 其他
energy精力---energetic 精力充沛的
strategy---strategic 战略的
fool 傻子---foolish 愚蠢的
freedom 自由---free 空的， 免费的
height 高度---high 高的
illness 疾病--- ill 生病的
love---loving 慈爱的
death---dead 死亡的
pleasure---pleasant / pleased
popularity 流行性---popular
pride---proud 自豪的
scientist---scientific 科学的
3.形容词变副词
1． 形容词+ ly
bad---badly 坏地
bright---brightly 明亮地
casual---casually 随意地
clear---clearly 清楚地
complete---completely 完全
correct---correctly 正确地
final---finally 最后
fortunate---fortunately幸运地
general---generally 一般来讲
loud---loudly 大声地
particular 特殊的，独特的---particularly
polite---politely 礼貌地
proper 合适的，恰当的---properly
main---mainly 主要地
most 多数---mostly 多半，大多数
normal---normally 正常地
quick---quickly 迅速地
quiet---quietly 轻轻地，安静地
real---really 真正地
recent 最近的---recently 最近；近来
hard 难的；努力地---hardly 几乎不
late 迟的---lately 最近；近来
sad---sadly 悲哀地
slow---slowly 缓慢地
special---specially 专门，特殊地
specific---specifically 特定地，明确地
strong---strongly 坚决地， 强烈地
sudden---suddenly突然
usual---usually 通常
2. 以le 结尾的 去e + y
comfortable---comfortably 舒服地
gentle---gently 温柔地
possible---possibly 可能地
simple---simply 仅仅；只；简单地
terrible---terribly 非常；极度地
3. 辅音字母+ y 变 ily
easy---easily 容易地
heavy---heavily 沉重地
happy---happily 快乐地
4.特殊
good---well好地 well 身体健康的
true---truly 真实地
4.形容词变名词
efficient有效率的---efficiency 效率
patient---patience/impatience 耐性/无耐心
dependent---dependenc依赖性
independent---independency 独立性
true---truth 真相
high---height 高度
wide---width 宽度
long---length 长度
possible---possibility 可能
responsible---responsibility 责任；职责
urgent---urgency 紧急
prosperous---prosperity 繁荣
accurate---accuracy 准确性
5.形容词变动词
modern---modernize 使...现代化
social---socialize 使...社会化
fast---fasten 使固定；集中于
short--- shorten 缩短
long---lengthen 使延长
wide---widen 放宽
less---lessen 使...减少
strong ---strengthen 加强；巩固
large --- enlarge 扩大；放大
6.名词---形容词—副词
beauty 美，人---beautiful--- beautifully
care---careful---carefully
care---careless---carelessly
difference---different---differently
fortune---fortunate---fortunately/unfortunately
happiness---happy---happily
hunger---hungry---hungrily
health---healthy---healthily
luck---lucky---luckily
noise---noisy---noisily
pride---proud---proudly骄傲地
sadnes---sad---sadly
safety 安全；安全的地方---safe---safely
silence---silent---silently 默默地
success---successful---successfully
truth---true---truly
unluck---unlucky---unluckily
wonder 奇迹---wonderful---wonderfully
7.方位的词 名词—形容词
East---eastern
West---western
South---southern
North---northern
In the west of China
In the western part of China
8.四大洲 名词-----形容词
Asia 亚洲--- Asian
Africa 非洲---African
Europe欧洲--- European
America 美洲---American
9.既是形容词又是副词
early：get up early；an early train
late：be late for class；come late for school
deep：dive deep into the sea ；a hole deep large
high：jump high；a high mountain
hard：a hard question；a hard stone ；
work hard / study hard rain hard
long：It takes too long；It takes a long time
far：jump far；My home is far from school
straight：a straight line；go straight along here“arrive，reach，get to” 辨析
三者都有“到达”的意思
arrive 不及物动词，arrive in + 大地方(国家、城市等);arrive at + 小地方(村庄、车站、码头等)
例句：He arrived in Nanjing last week. 他上星期来到南京。
reach 及物动词，其后直接跟地点名词作宾语
例如：Please write to me when you reach Beijing. 你到北京后请给我写信。
get to 后接地点名词，特例：当其后接副词here，there，home时，要省略to
例句：When did you get home yesterday 你昨天什么时候到的家
“between，among” 辨析
两者均有“在…之间”的意思
between 用于表示双方之间的关系，通常和and连用：between … and …
例句：There is a tree between the two houses. 这两座房子之间有一棵树。
among 用于表示三个或三个以上之间的关系
例句: London is among the greatest cities of the world. 伦敦是世界上最大的城市之一。
“because，because of” 辨析
二者均表示“因为”
because是连词，引导状语从句。
例句：We stayed at home because it rained. 因为下雨我们待在家里。
because of 是介词短语，后面接名词性词语。
例句：We stayed at home because of the rain.因为下雨我们待在家里
“catch a cold，have/has a cold” 辨析
二者都有“得感冒”的意思
catch a cold 强调动作
例句：It’s cold outside. Go into the house, or you’ll catch a cold. 外面冷，到房间去吧，不然你会感冒。
have/has a cold 强调状态
例句：I have had a cold for several days and I can’t get rid of it. 我已经感冒好几天了，可还是没好。
“forget to do sth，forget doing sth” 辨析
forget to do sth.忘记要去做某事(事情还未做)
例句：Don’t forget to wake me up at 6:00 tomorrow morning. 别忘了明天早晨6点叫醒我。
forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事(事情已做过或已经发生)
例句：I forgot telling him about the news. 我忘了曾把这条消息告诉过他。
注：记忆方式：to 表示指向，事情还未做，而doing表示已经做过了。后续如果有碰到和forget相同用法的动词，可以放在一起记忆。
“happen，take place” 辨析
二者都有“发生”的意思。
happen指事情的发生，往往带有"偶然"的意思。
例句：What happened to your new car 你的新车怎么了
take place指事先安排或策划好而后发生，没有"偶然"的意思。
例句：The meeting should take place on the fifth of May.会议应于5月5日举行。
注：happen和take place 都不用于被动态，take place 表示发生时，后面通常不跟介词to
“borrow，lend” 辨析
二者都有"借"的意思。borrow是"借入"，lend是"借出"。
borrow sth. from sb. 向某人借某物(借入)
例句：I borrowed 2 books from library yesterday.昨天我从图书馆借了两本书。
lend sth. to sb. = lend sb. sth. 借给某人某物(借出)
例句：I have lent my bike to my classmate.我把自行车借给了我同学。
“agree with，agree to，agree on” 辨析
agree with 后面常接表示人或意见(看法)的名词作宾语。
I agree with you to a certain degree. 我在某种程度上同意你的观点。(to a certain degree 在某种程度上)
agree with 还有“适合”、“符合”的含义。
e.g. The climate here doesn't agree with him。他不适合这里的气候。
agree to 后面一般接表示提议、办法、计划之类的名词作宾语。
Do you think he'll agree to their proposal 你认为他会同意他们的建议吗
agree on就…达成一致的意见。
e.g. We rarely agree on what to do. 我们很少在要做的事情上看法一致。
“how long，how often，how far，how soon” 辨析
how long意为"多久、多长时间"，主要是对一段时间进行提问，答语通常是(for) five days/weeks/months/years等时间段，可用于各种时态。e.g. How long does it take to get to London from here 从这里到伦敦要多 时间
how often意为"多久……次"，用来提问在某一特定的时间进行某个动作的次数(问频率)，答语通常是频率副词来回答，例如always，usually，often，seldom，sometimes，once/twice a day/week/month等。e.g. How often do you use the bus 你多长时间坐一次公共汽车
how far意为"多远"，对距离提问时使用。e.g.How far is it to your house from here 从这儿到你家有多远
how soon意为"还要多久"，是对(从即时起)到将来某个时刻之间的时间长短提问，常用在一般将来时态的句子中，其答语通常是"in + 一段时间"e.g. How soon will you come back 你多久回来 -In an hour. 一小时后。
“at，on，in + 时间” 辨析
at, on, in+时间，均可表示"在……的时候"。
at + 具体的时间点
I get up at six o'clock in the morning . 我早晨六点起床。
Breakfast would be finished at seven.早餐将在七点结束。
on+具体某一天或具体某一个早上(下午、晚上)
on Monday 在星期一on Sunday morning 在星期天早上(特指)on July 1st 在七月1日on a cold
night in 1938 在1938年的一个寒冷的晚上
in+具体某一年(季、月)，早上，下午，晚上
in 2020 在2020年in September 在九月in the morning 在早上(泛指)in the evening 在晚上
可见at后跟的时间更精准，on次之，in排在最后。
spend，pay，cost，take 辨析
sb. spend +时间/金钱 on sth. 某人在…上花费时间/金钱e.g. I spend two hours on English every day. 我每天花两小时学英语。sb. spend +时间/金钱 (in) doing sth. 某人花费时间/金钱做某事e.g. Tom spends 5 dollar updating his computer system. Tom花五美元更新他的电脑系统。
sb. pay + 金钱 for… 某人在...上花费金钱e.g. I paid 100 yuan for the shirt. 我花100元买这件T恤。
sth. cost sb. + 金钱/时间 …花了某人的金钱/时间(cost的用法中，花金钱的出现频率比花时间高)e.g. It costs him ten euros. 它花了他十欧元。
It takes/took sb. +时间/金钱 to do sth. 花了某人时间/金钱做某事It takes me 6 minutes to take a shower. 冲澡花了我6分钟。… take sb. +时间/金钱. …花了某人时间/金钱。
注意：spend和pay主语通常是人，而cost和take主语通常是物。
“in front of ，in the front of” 辨析
in front of…意思是"在……前面"，指甲物在乙物之前，两者互不包括;其反义词是behind(在……的后面)。例句1：He walked in fount of me。他走在我的前面。例句2：There are some flowers in fount of the house。房子前面有些花卉。
in the front of 意思是"在某一空间内的前部"，即甲物在乙物的范围之内;其反义词是at the back of…(在……范围内的后部)。例句1：There is a big desk and a blackboard in the fount of our classroom。我们的教室前边有一张大桌子和一块黑板。例句2：Our teacher stands in the fount of the classroom。我们的老师站在教室前
“look，see，watch” 辨析
三者都有“看”的意思。
look强调看的动作，look如果要加名词，需要加介词at，例如：look at the flower 看这朵花。
例句：I looked , but saw nothing . 我看了，但什么也没看见。
see强调看的结果。see a film看电影 see a play看戏(话剧)
watch是看移动的事物或长时间地看。watch a football match看足球比赛。watch TV看电视
注：I looked at my phone 指我看了一下手机
I saw my phone 指我看见我的手机在哪
I am watching my phone 指我在刷手机
“by the way，on the way，in the way” 辨析
by the way 顺便问下，顺便说下;(缩写：BTW)
例句：By the way, I’m your number-one fan. 顺便说下，我是你的头号粉丝。
on the way 在…的路上，后面接名词时需要加介词to，home 除外
例句1：He bought a pen on his/the way to school. 他在上学的路上买了一支钢笔。
例句2：On the way home, I meet my old friends. 在回家的路上，我碰到了我的老朋友。
in the way 挡路，妨碍
例句：I left them alone, as I felt I was in the way. 我留下他们单独在一起，因为我觉得我碍他们的事。
英语查漏补缺
…not…any more / longer = no more/longer“不再 ... ”
I am not a teacher any more/longer.= I am no more/longer a teacher. 我不再是一名老师了。
Can you think what his job is 含有宾语从句的复合句，宾语从句的从句必须是陈述句。
make a contribution to sth. 对……有贡献
live on… 靠……为生
spend，pay，cost，take 辨析
1.sb. spend +时间/金钱 on sth. 某人在…上花费时间/金钱e.g. I spend two hours on English every day.我每天花两小时学英语。sb. spend +时间/金钱 (in) doing sth. 某人花费时间/金钱做某事e.g. Tom spends 5 dollar updating his computer system. Tom花五美元更新他的电脑系统。
2.sb. pay +金钱 for… 某人在...上花费金钱e.g. I paid 100 yuan for the shirt.我花100元买这件T恤。
3.sth. cost sb. +金钱/时间 …花了某人的金钱/时间 (cost的用法中，花金钱的出现频率比花时间高)e.g.It costs him ten euros. 它花了他十欧元。
4.It takes/took sb. +时间/金钱 to do sth. 花了某人时间/金钱做某事It takes me 6 minutes to take a shower.冲澡花了我6分钟。… take sb. +时间/金钱. …花了某人时间/金钱。注意：spend和pay主语通常是人，而cost和take主语通常是物。
in + 时间段(将来时)多久后
ask sb. sth. 问某人某事
ask sb. to do sth. 叫某人做某事
So + be/情态动词/助动词+主语(与前一句的主语不同) 意为“... 也”
She is a beautiful girl. So am I. 她是一个漂亮的女孩，我也是。
Neither + be/情态动词/助动词+主语(与前一句的主语不同) 意为“... 也不”
She is not good at running. Neither is he. 她不擅长跑步，他也不擅长。
需要注意：So + 主语(与前一句主语相同)+be/情态动词/助动词 意为“... 的确...”
—He has done a good job. 他干得不错。
—So he has. 他的确干得不错。
would like sth. 想要…
would like to do sth. 想要做某事would like sb. to do sth. 想要某人做某事look 短语
1. look at 看......
2. look for 寻找
3. look up 查阅，向上看
4. look out 向外看，小心
5. look over 仔细检查
6. look after 照顾，照料
7. look like 看起来像
8. look through 浏览
9. look into 向—里看；调查，研究
10. look around 环顾四周
11. look forward to 期盼，期待
12. look ahead 向前看
put 短语
1. put up 举起，挂起，搭建
2. put on 穿上，戴上，上演
3. put away 把—放好
4. put off 推迟，推延
5. put down 把—放下，记下
6. put out 扑灭，伸出
7. put into 把……放进……，把……译成……
8. put one's heart into 全神贯注于……
get 短语
1. get up 起床
2. get off 下车
3. get on 上车，相处，进展
4. get over 克服，恢复，原谅
5. get back 回来，返回
6. get through 接通电话
7. get along 进展，相处
8. get into 陷入……
9. get out 出去，离开
10. get together 相聚
11. get ready for 为……做准备
12. get married 结婚
13. get in the way 碍事，挡道
14. get to 到达
give 短语
1. give up 放弃
2. give out 分发
3. give away 赠送，分发
4. give back 归还
think 短语
1.think of 想起，认为
2.think up 想出，提出
3.think about 考虑
4.think over 仔细考虑
take 短语
1. take up 占据（时间，空间）
2. take after 与（父母等）相像
3. take place 发生
4. take care 小心，当心
5. take off 脱下，起飞
6. take out 拿出，取出
7. take away 拿走，带走
8. take down 取下
9. take it easy 从容，不紧张
10. take care of 照顾，照料
11. take a rest 休息一下
12. take a shower 洗澡
13. take part in 参加
14. take pride in 对……感到自豪
15. take a photo 拍照
16. take turns 轮流，依次
17. take an interest in 对……感兴趣
18. take a vacation 去度假
19. take medicine 服药
20. take an action 采取行动
21. take a taxi 打的
22. take one's advice 接受某人的建议
keep 短语
1. keep on 继续
2. keep out 不让……进入，挡住
3. keep off 使—不踏入
4. keep away from 远离……
5. keep...down 控制，抑制
6. keep healthy/fit 保持健康
7. keep from 隐瞒
8. keep doing sth 一直做某事
9. keep sb doing sth 使某人一直做某事
10. keep sb from doing sth 阻止某人做某事
11. keep up 坚持，保持
12. keep in touch with sb 与某人保持联系
turn 短语
1. turn on 打开
2. turn off 关闭
3. turn up 调大，放大
4. turn down 调小，关小
5. turn over 翻转过来
6. turn left/right 向左转/向右转
make 短语
1. make up 编造，杜撰，构成，组成
2. make a noise 吵闹
3. make a decision 做决定
4. make room for 为……腾地方
5. make a face 做鬼脸
6. make mistakes 犯错误
7. make the bed 铺床
8. make friends 交朋友
9. make a living 谋生，度日
10. make money 赚钱
11. make progress 取得进步
12. make it 约定，成功，及时赶到
13. make sure 务必，确保
14. make a plan 制定计划
15. make a telephone call 打电话
16. make up one’s mind 下决心
17. make sb feel at home 使某人感到宾至如归
18. make a contribution to 为……做贡献
come 短语
1. come over 顺便来访
2. come true 实现，达到
3. come out 出来，开放，出版
4. come on 加油，来吧
5. come back 回来
6. come up with 想出，提出
7. come in 进来
8. come along 出现，发生，来到
9. come from 来自，产自
e across 遇见，（偶然）发现
on 短语
1. on duty 值日，值班
2. on time 准时，按时
3. on foot 步行
4. on vacation 度假
5. on sale 销售，出售
6. on TV 在电视里
7. on display 展出，陈列
8. on board 在船上
9. on the Internet 在网上
10. on the radio 在收音机里
11. on one’s way 在—的路上
12. on weekends 在周末
13. on the other hand 另一方面
14. on the left/right 在左边/右边
15. on the phone 用电话交谈，在通话
16. on the wall 在墙上
17. depend on 依靠，依赖，取决于
18. get on 上车，相处，进展
19. work on 从事，忙于，演算
20. put on 穿上，戴上
21. turn on 打开
22. try on 试穿，试戴
23. pass on 传递
24. hold on 稍等片刻
25. go on 继续
26. decide on 决定
27. concentrate on 专心，专注
28. live on 以……为生
29. spend...on 在……花费
e on 加油，来吧
in 短语
1. in all 总共，共计
2. in class 在班上
3. in English 用英语
4. in short 总之，简言之
5. in a hurry 匆忙
6. in the end 最后，终于
7. in the future 在将来
8. in time 及时
9. in fact 事实上，实际上
10. in bed 在床上
11. in hospital 住院
12. in the way 碍事的，挡道的
13. in this way 这样
14. in red 穿着红衣服
15. in danger 处于危险中
16. in trouble 处于困境中
17. in a minute 立刻，马上
18. in surprise 惊奇地，惊讶地
19. in public 当众，公开
20. in general 大体上，一般而言，通常
21. in common 共有的，公有的
22. in style 时尚的
23. in good health 身体健康
24. in front of 在……前面
25. in the sun 在阳光下
26. in the past few years 在过去几年时间里
27. in order to 为了
28. in the past 在过去
29. do well in 在……方面干得好
30. major in 专修，主修
31. be interested in 对……感兴趣
32. take part in 参加
33. be weak in 在……差
34. take pride in 以……而自豪
35. hand in 上交，交纳
36. arrive in 到达（大地点）
at 短语
1. at once 立刻，马上
2. at least 至少
3. at most 最多
4. at last 最后
5. at home 在家
6. at noon 在中午
7. at night 在夜晚
8. at times 有时，偶尔
9. at school 在上学
10. at table 在吃饭
11. at present 目前，现在
12. at work 在工作
13. at all 全然，根本
14. at the age of 在……岁时
15. at the end of 在……结尾
16. at the moment 此刻，现在
17. at the same time 同时
18. at first 首先
19. aim at 旨在，目的是
20. knock at 敲击
21. look at 看着
22. shout at 叫喊，叫嚷
23. point at 指着
24. arrive at 到达（小地点）
25. be good at 对……干得好
26. be angry at 对……生气
27. be surprised at 对……感到惊讶
28. laugh at 嘲笑
up 短语
1. give up 放弃
2. take up 占据，占去，从事
3. put up 举起，挂起，张贴，搭建
4. set up 建立，创立
5. open up 打开，开阔
6. dress up 乔装打扮
7. stay up 熬夜，不睡觉
8. wake up 醒来，唤醒，叫醒
9. look up 向上看，查阅
10. cheer up 使……振作
11. end up 以……结束，结果为……
12. go up 升起，上升
13. hurry up 赶快
14. use up 用光，用完
15. show up 出席，露面
16. stand up 起立，站起来
17. make up 编造，构成，化妆
18. think up 想出，提出
19. cut up 切碎
20. pick up 捡起，乘搭便车
21. mix up 混合
22. call up 打电话
23. grow up 成长，长大
24. ring up 打电话
25. clean up 把……打扫干净
26. fix up 修理，修补
27. get up 起床
28. keep up 保持，坚持
29. fill up 装满
30. send up 发射
out 短语
1. give out 给出，分发
2. hand out 分发
3. hang out 闲逛
4. break out 爆发
5. sell out 卖完，售完
6. look out 向外看，小心
7. go out 出去，熄灭
8. put out 伸出去，熄灭，扑灭
9. keep out 不使……进入
10. find out 查明，弄清
11. run out 用完，用尽
12. take out 拿出，取出，带出
13. clean out 把……打扫干净，清除
e out 出来，开放，出版
15. work out 产生结果，算出
16. point out 指出
17. help sb out 帮助某人解决困难
18. get out 出去，离开
off 短语
1. get off 下车
2. put off 推迟，拖延
3. take off 脱下，起飞
4. go off 发出响声，离开
5. turn off 关闭
6. cut off 切断
7. set off 激起，引起，出发
8. break off 突然中止，中断
9. keep off 远离，使—不踏入
10. run off 迅速离开，跑掉
11. be off 离开，走开
12. fall off 落下，从……掉下
13. show off 炫耀，卖弄
for 短语
1. wait for 等待
2. look for 寻找
3. pay for 为……付款
4. care for 关心，照料
5. stand for 代表
6. leave for 动身去某地
7. ask for 请求，要求
8. prepare for 为……做准备
9. provide...for 为……提供
10. thanks for 为……而感谢……
11. get ready for 为……做准备
12. be famous for 因……而闻名
13. be good for 对……有益
14. be bad for 对……有害
15. be late for 迟到
16. be used for 用来做……
with 短语
1. agree with 同意
2. play with 与……玩，玩弄
3. share with 与……分享……
4. come up with 想出，提出
5. end up with 以……而结束
6. fight with 与……打架
7. catch/catch up with 赶上
8. be filled with ……里装满……
9. deal/do with 对付，处理
10. provide...with 为……提供
11. begin start with 以……开始
12. get along/on well with 与……相处得融洽
13. argue with 与……争吵
14. with one’s help 在某人的帮助下
15. with the light on 开着灯
16. quarrel with 与……吵架
17. be busy with 忙于……
18. be angry with sb 生某人的气
19. be strict with sb 对某人严格要求
20. be popular with 深受……的喜欢
21. fall in love with 爱上……
22. help sb with sth 帮助某人做某事
pare...with 与……相比
about 短语
1. talk about 谈论,讨论
2. worry about 担心
3. care about 关心，担心
4. learn about 了解关于……
5. think about 考虑
6. be excited about 对……感到兴奋
7. be nervous about 对……紧张
8. be serious about 对……是认真的
9. complain about 埋怨，抱怨
of 短语
1. be afraid of 害怕……
2. be tired of 厌倦……
3. be sure of 确信……
4. be made of 由……做成
5. be terrified of 害怕……
6. be fond of 喜欢……
7. be careful of 小心……，当心……
8. be full of ……里装满……
9. be proud of 以……而自豪
10. be confident of 对……有信心
11. take care of 照顾，照料
12. think of 考虑，认为，想起
13. hear of 听说
14. remind of 使某人想起……
15. dream of 梦想
16. run out of 用完，用光
17. look out of 向……外看
18. because of 因为， 由于
19. instead of 代替，而不是
20. plenty of 大量的，充足的
21. kind of 稍微，有点
22. all kinds of 各种各样的
23. the number of ……的数量
24. a number of 许多
25. hundreds of 数百……
26. thousands of 成千上万的
27. in front of 在……的前面
28. at the end of 在……的尽头，在……末尾
29. a pair of 一双/副/条……
30. a piece of 一片/块/条/则……
31. a set of 一副/串
32. a lot of 许多，好多
be+adj./过去分词+介词
1. be interested in 对……感兴趣
2. be surprised at 对……感到惊讶
3. be famous for 因……而闻名
4. be good at 擅长于……
5. be angry with/at 生……的气
6. be worried about 担心……
7. be strict with/in 对……要求严格
8. be proud of 以……而自豪
9. be ready for 为……做准备
10. be busy with 忙于……
11. be popular with 深受……的喜爱
12. be nervous about 对……感到紧张
13. be excited about 对……感到兴奋
14. be similar to 与……相似
15. be different from 与……不同
16. be filled with ……里装满……
17. be used to 习惯于……
18. be afraid of 害怕……
19. be good for 对……有益
20. be bad for 对……有害
21. be friendly to 对……友好
22. be relaxed about 对……感到放松
23. be covered with 被……所覆盖
24. be crazy about 热衷于……
25. be fond of 喜欢……
26. be terrified of 害怕……
27. be full of ……里充满……
28. be made of ……由……做成 01.Break
break away: 突然离开、革除（习惯、信仰、思想方式）
break away from：脱离……、离开、背叛
break down：破坏、压倒、发生故障、失败、分解（化学反应）break in：闯入、打断（谈话等）、训练成为
break into：闯入……、侵占、占用
break off：折断、断绝、突然中断
break off from：跟……断绝关系
break out : 发生、逃脱、爆发（战争）、发生（火灾、疾病、争吵、骚乱）
break up: 开垦、破坏、解散、结束、（指人）衰弱
break with：与……绝交、放弃 2． Bring
bring about 引起，发生，造成，导致
bring back 送回，使回忆，恢复（健康）
bring down 打落（飞机、鸟等），降低（物价、温度等），打倒
bring in 引进，收获，产生，介绍
bring into being 实现，使产生
bring off 送去，完成，办完，救出
bring on 引起，使成长，发展，前进，提出（论点）
bring out 显出，发表，说明，出版，产生
bring over 进口，说服，使转变（思想、信仰、事业等）
bring round 使……苏醒，恢复知觉，觉悟过来，转向（话题），说服
bring to an end 使终止，使停止，结束
bring up语 养育，教育，（旧事）重提，使停止，（船）到达终点
02.come
come about 发生，（风等）改变方向
come across （偶然）发现、遇到
come after 跟在……后面，来找
come along 一道来，一起去，进步
come around / round 绕道而来，过访，（风向）改变，改变（主意）
come at 达到，接近，袭击
come away 脱开，离开，折断
come back 回来，复原，恢复
come by 从旁走过，获得
come down 倒下，降落，跌落，（病）倒
come in 进来，
come into 进入……得到，继承
come into power 上台执政，开始当权
come into being （事物、局面等）形成，产生，成立，开始存在
come into use 开始使用，使用起来
come on （演员）出台，（戏）上演，（问题）被提出，跟上来，（敌人）袭击
come out 出来，长出，传出，出版，解答出来，罢工，（污点）弄掉，显现
come out with 发表，公布，讲出，泄露
come over 过来，从远处来，传来，改变立场或意见，感觉到（头晕）
come to 总计，苏醒，复原
come true 实现，（预言等）成为事实，应验
come up 走近，上来，长出，流行，（太阳）出来，（问题）出现
come up to 到达，符合（标准），不辜负（期望）
come up with 赶上，提出
03.get
get along 前进，进展，过活，友好相处
get along with 在……方面有进展，与……相处
get away 离开，逃脱，把……送走
get back 取回，回来，恢复
get behind 落后，识破，支持，深入
get going 出发，采取行动
get / take / seize / catch hold of 抓住，捉住，掌握
get in 进入，到达，收割，收集，当选
get in a word 插话
get into 进入，陷入（困境），从事于，习惯，变成
get off 送出送走，脱下（衣服），下车，出发，避开，免罚，起飞
get on 上（车，马等），进展，过活，接近，穿上，识破
get on with在……方面有进展
get out 出去，离开，避开，泄露，取出发觉，出版 get over 越过，恢复，克服，完成，结束
get round 说服，逃避，克服（困难）
get through 到达（目的地），完成（工作任务），通过（议案），（考试）及格，（电话）接通，（钱）
花光
get to 开始，到达，变成 get together 聚集，商谈，积累
get down to sth. / doing sth. 开始认真干，认真着手进行
get up 起床，起立，产生，研究，安排
get on with在……方面有进展
get out 出去，离开，避开，泄露，取出发觉，出版
get over 越过，恢复，克服，完成，结束
get round 说服，逃避，克服（困难）
get through 到达（目的地），完成（工作任务），通过（议案），（考试）及格，（电话）接通，（钱）
花光
get to 开始，到达，变成
get together 聚集，商谈，积累
get down to sth. / doing sth. 开始认真干，认真着手进行
get up 起床，起立，产生，研究，安排
04. give
give away 送掉，泄露，放弃，分配，出卖
give back 归还，送回，恢复，后退，报复
give in 屈服，让步，交上，提出，宣布
give off 放出，发出（气味、热等）
give oneself up to 牺牲自己，专心致志于
give out 发出，发表，发布，分发，（不用被动）用完、疲惫
give over 停止，放弃，交给
give up 让给，放弃，投降
05.keep
keep away 不接近，避开
keep back留在后面，阻止，留下，隐瞒
keep back one’s tears 忍住眼泪
keep down 躺下，保留 keep in mind 记住，不忘
keep in touch with 和……保持联系
keep off 让开，驱散，防止，不接近
keep time 按时，守时
keep up 坚持，继续，保持，（斗志）不低落
keep up with 跟上，赶上，不落后于
06.make
be made of 用……(材料)制成
be made from用……(原料)制成
be made up of 由……所组成
be made into 把……做成, 使……转变成
make out 起草(文件), 开(支票, 清单等), 理解, 辨认
make out of 用……做, 从……得出
make up 编造, 赔偿
make up for 弥补, 补上
make up one’s mind 下决心
07.put
put away 把……收起来, 储存……备用
put back 把……放回原处, 妨碍, 折回
put down 放下, 镇压, 记下, 制止, (飞机) 降落
put in 把……放进, 提出, 实行, 度过(时间), (船) 进港
put into 把……放进, 插进, 翻译成, (船) 进港
put off 推迟, 延期, 阻止, 劝阻, 脱(衣服), 出航
put on 穿上(衣, 鞋等), 增加(体种等), 假装, 拨快(钟表), 推荐, 安排, 上演,
put out 放出, 长出, 熄灭, 激怒, 出版, 生产, 出发, 启航
put over 放在……之上, 推迟, 延期, 做成, 被人接受
put up 举起, 打开, 挂起(旗), 进行, 提名, 搭起, 提高, 上演, 陈列, 供给食宿, 张贴
08.set
set about (sth. / doing sth.) 开始、着手（工作）
set an example to sb. 给……树立榜样
set back 拨回(钟表), 使退步, 阻碍
set down 放下, 记下, 卸下, 制定
set fire to sth. 放火焚烧, 引火烧
set foot on 踏上……, 登上……
set free 释放
set ……going 运转，开动，推动
set off 出发，动身，放（火箭、炮）
set one’s heart / mind on / upon 专心致志于，渴望，热心
set out 出发，开始，陈列，陈述，打算
set sth. on fire 放火焚烧, 引火烧
set …….-ing / to do 使……做
set up 竖起, 建立, 开办, 贴出,提出(意见), 使精神振奋
09. take
take away 拿走, 取走, 减去
take back 收回, 取消, 撤消
take down 拿下, 取下, 拆毁, 记录下来
take in 收进, 接受, 收容, 理解, 留宿
take it easy 别紧张
take off 拿掉, 移送, 免除, 脱去(依、帽、鞋等)
take out 取出，除去，摘录（要点）
take over 接收，接办，接任
take part in 参加
take an active part in 积极参加
take place 发生
take the place of / take one’s place 代替 t
ake the part of 支持
take up 拿起，开始，从事，汲取，接纳（乘客），接受，占（时间、空间、注意力），学习（学科），继续
take up with 和……交往, 忍受, 采用
10.throw
throw at 向……投掷
throw about 乱丢(东西), 乱花(钱)
throw away 抛弃, 浪费, 错过(机会)
throw back 丢回, 拒绝, 反驳, 使想起, 使恢复原状
throw down 推倒, 推翻, 拆毁, 使沉淀
throw in 扔进, 插话, (免费) 附送
throw into 陷入(某种状态), 投身于
throw off 抛弃, 摆脱
throw up 呕吐1. He gave me a very good advice yesterday.
句中的a要去掉，因为advice是不可数名词。一些汉语概念为可数的词在英语中却是不可数的，表示数量时在其前加a piece of，类似的词有：news, bread, work, paper, chalk, furniture, information等等。
2. That girl loves reading book.
可数名词单数不能孤零零地放在句子里，或前面加冠词，或将其变为复数。此处最好变为books.
3. He went into a book’s shop and bought a dictionary.
一般表示有生命的东西的名词的所有格用's，如my mother's car, 而此处适宜用名词修饰名词，改为a book shop.
4. My family is watching TV.
一些集合名词如看成一个整体，则用单数的谓语动词，如My family is a happy one; 如强调集合中每个个体的个人行为，则用复数的谓语动词。此处看电视是个体行为，应把is改为are。类似的词有：team, class, audience等。
5. I bought some potatos and tomatos at the supermarket.
中学阶段以“o”结尾的名词中有四个词变复数时要加es，它们是tomato, potato, Negro, hero; 其余的都加s变为复数。
6．This has nothing to do with their believes.（这和他们的信仰没关系。）
以f, fe 结尾的词变为复数时一般去f, fe 加ves，如knife—knives, thief—thieves; 而roof 和belief直接加s变为复数。所以应把believes改为beliefs.
7. The boss wants to hire an useful person.
用a还是an，取决于后面单词的第一个音标，如为元音用an，为辅音用a。useful的第一个音是辅音所以应把an改为a。类似的，我们说a European country.
8．Plane is a machine that can fly.
Plane为可数名词单数，不能单独放在句中，应在其前加冠词或把它变为复数，而本句后有a machine, 因此只能在其前面加a，变为A plane。
9．He played a piano at the party yesterday.
把a 改为the ，因为乐器前用定冠词。
10．The machine was invented in 1920s.
在in后加the，因为表示年代用in加the再加几十的复数，如在八十年代in the 80s。
11．Xiao Hong went to school by the bus every day.
去掉the，因为表示交通方式用by直接加交通工具。使用代词时请注意其单、复数，主、宾格以及形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词的用法。
12．He is one of those speakers who make his ideas perfectly clear.
定语从句的先行词是those speakers，为复数，因此从句中的指示代词应为复数，应把his改为their。
13． Whom do you think has left the lights on？
放在疑问句特殊疑问词后的do you think / believe / guess / imagine / suppose等都不参与句子成分，把它们去掉后，疑问词在句中做主语用主格，做宾语用宾格。本句中去掉do you think后缺的是主语，应把Whom改为Who。
14．The boss pretended not to see John and I.
John和I在句中都做的宾语，应把I 改为me。
15．These books are mine; those in the bag are her.
Her是形容词性物主代词，后面应该加名词books，或把her 改为hers。
16．There are fourteen hundreds students in our school.
Hundred / thousand / million / score/ dozen等词前有具体数字时后不加s，前面没有具体数字时在其后加s 和of，表示大约几百几千的概念。如 two hundred students（两百个学生），hundreds of students（成百上千个学生）。例句中应把hundreds 改为hundred。
17．Their school is twice as larger as our school.
表倍数关系的as---as中间只能用形容词或副词的原级。因此把larger改为large.
18．Today's homework is a five-hundred-words composition.
几个单词由连字符连接而组成的复合形容词中的名词只能用单数，所以把five-hundred-words改为five-hundred-word.
19．Two third of the students in our school are from America.
英语表达中分数的分子用基数词，分母用序数词，分子大于一时分母后要加s，所以就把third 改为thirds
形容词和副容易被误用，形容词和副词的比较级和最高级也是应注意的重点。
20．The patient appeared nervously when he talked to the doctor.
appear在此是个系动词，其后应接形容词作表语。所以把nervously改为nervous.
21．The artist worked hardly to finish his drawings on time.
此句需要一个副词来修饰，hardly是副词，但意为“几乎不”，hard 也可以是副词，表努力，因此把 hardly 改为hard.
22．This shirt is more cheaper than that one.
More只构成比较级，而不能修饰比较级。因此把more去掉。
23．He is the most successful of the two businessmen.
两者相比较时，比较级前用定冠词，三者或三者以上才用most，因此把most改为more.
24．He works less harder than he used to.
表不如… 时用less加上形容词和副词的原级，因此把harder改为hard.
25．The book is fairly more interesting than that one.
fairly只能修饰形容词和副词的原级，可以修饰比较级的副词或短语有：much, even, still, far, a lot, a little, a bit, any, no, by far, rather等，因此把fairly改为rather.
26．This is as an interesting a story as the one in the magazine.
as … as中间的词序是as加上形容词加上a(n)加上名词再加上as，因此应改为as interesting a story as the one.
27．The weather here is nicer than Xizang.
同样的事物才能相比较，weather和Xizang不具有可比性，因此应改为The weather here is nicer than that of Xizang.
29．I would rather take a train than went by bus.
这个词组为would rather do … than do …，因此把went改为go.
30．Is there interesting anything at the meeting
修饰anything, something, every-thing, nothing的形容词都要放在它们的后面。
31．I never have seen such a person before.
像never之类的副词在句中应放在be动词、助动词之后，实意动词之前。因为应改为I have never seen such a person before.
32．The book is worth to be read.
be worth doing 意为值得被做。因此改为The book is worth reading.
33．It is sure that he will succeed.
sure 的主语只能为人，而certain的主语可为人和物。因此把sure改为certain.
34．He is regarded as one of the best alive writers at present.
alive 为表语形容词，偶尔也做后置定语。因此把alive改为living，或把alive 放在writers后面。
35．I don't know that he has finished the work yet.
yet 用于否定和疑问句，already用于肯定句。把yet 改为already.
36．He said nearly nothing at the meeting.
nearly 不与否定词用在同一个句子中，而almost可以。因此把nearly 改为almost.
37．He usually goes to school by his father’s car.
by加上名词表示一种交通方式，中间什么都不加，如by car, by bus, by plane等；如果名词前有其他的词修饰，则应除by以外的其他介词，此处把by改为in.
38．Please wait me at the school gate.
wait为不及物动词，需加介词for后才能再跟名词或代词做宾语。
39．He has been married with Betty for more than twenty years.
marry不跟 with连用，应把with改为to。
40．I finished the work on time under the help of him.
“在…的帮助下”用with而不用under。
41．He can be at home now because the light in his room is still on.
表特别有把握的肯定判断时用must，表特别有把握的否定判断时用can, can表判断时只用在否定句中。因此把can 改为must。
42．He need come here before the meeting begins.
作情态动词时need用在否定，疑问和条件句中，不能用于肯定句中，而作实意动词时则可以。所以应改为：He needs to come here before the meeting begins.
43．He used to get up very early in the morning, and now he is still doing so.
used to 用来表示过去常常做某事而现在不了，所以应把后半句改为：but now he is not doing so.
44．I needn't come yesterday because all the work had been finished.
由于情态动词本身不体现时态，所以在谈论过去的事情时在情态动词后加 have done，因此在 needn’t 后加have。
45．You hadn't better stay up too late because you have to get up early tomorrow.
had better 的否定在 better 后面加not.
英语的常用时态有十六种，一般根据上下文和时间状语来确定时态。
46．I will tell her about that when she will come tomorrow.
主句为将来时，其时间、条件、方式和让步状语从句中用一般现在时。因此将will come改为comes。
47．The meeting is about to begin in ten minutes.
be about to 一般不与具体的时间状语连用。因此把 in ten minutes 去掉。
48．The boy opened his eyes for a moment, looking at the captain and then died.
此处look并非伴随状语，而是三个并列的谓语动词，因此把looking 改为looked。
49．I have bought this bike for ten years and I am still using it now.
当句中有for加一段时间作状语时，谓语动词必须为延续性动词，此处把bought改为kept。
50．I haven't learnt any English before I came here.
我来这儿已经是过去的动作，在此之前发生的事应该用过去完成时。因此应把haven't改为hadn't及物动词用在主动语态时要有宾语，因此可以变为被动语态；不及物动词用于主动语态时不能接宾语，因此无被动语态。
51．The two thieves have been disappeared.
disappear 为不及物动词，因此不能用于被动语态。所以把 been去掉。
52．The building built now will be our teaching building.
表“现在正在建的”应用被动语态的正在进行时，因此在built 前加being。
53．He is being operated by the famous doctor.
主动语态变为被动语态时，应注意短语动词的完整性，别忘了介词或副词。“给…做手术”应为operate on sb，所以在operated 后加上on。
54．I wonder if the doctor has been sent.
原因同上，应在sent 后加上for。
55．The book written by him is sold well.
说一本书畅销是指书本身的属性，因此不用被动语态。本句应改为：The
book written by him sells well.
56．This history book is worthy reading.
“值得被做”可以有如下几种说法：be worth doing; be worthy of being done; be worthy to be done. 因此本句应该为：This history book is worthy to be read.
57．We are going to talk about the problem discussing at the last meeting.
此处为分词作定语，问题应该被讨论，所以把discussing改为discussed。
58．The girl dressed herself in red is my sister.
dress为及物动词，意为“给…穿衣服”，此处为分词作定语修饰girl, girl应是它的逻辑宾语，因此把herself去掉。
59．Being seriously ill, his class-mates sent him to hospital.
分词作状语时，其逻辑主语为这句话的主语，此句应为“因为他病了，他的同学才把他送到医院去”，因此把前半句改为：He being seriously ill.
60．Having not seen her for many years, we could hardly recognize her.
现在分词的否定应把not放在现在分词前面，所以前半句应改为：Not having seen her for many years.
61．Seeing from the space, the earth looks like a ball.
分词作状语，其逻辑主语应是这句话的主语，此句中地球应该被看，所以把Seeing 改为Seen。
62．English is easy to learn it.
此句中是不定式作状语修饰easy, English应该是learn的逻辑宾语，所以把it去掉。
63．I will get somebody repair the recorder for you.
“让某人做某事”可以有以下几种表达法：make sb do sth; have sb do sth; get sb to sth. 因此在repair 前加to。
64．She decided to work harder in order to not fall behind the others.
不定式的否定把not放在to前面。因此应改为：She decided to work harder in order not to fall behind the others.
65．It's better to laugh than crying.
表比较时比较的双方应为同种结构，或都是名词或都是不定式。因此有两种改法：It's better to laugh than to cry 或 It’s better laughing than crying.
66．It's no use to send for the doctor.
做某事是没用的要说成It’s no use doing,所以把to send 改为sending。
67．She practices to play the piano after school every day.
practise 后只跟动名词作宾语，因此把to play 改为playing。
68．When the teacher came in, he stopped listening to the teacher.
stop doing 为停止做这件事，而stop to do 为停下来正在做的事去做这件事。所以后半句应该为：he stopped to listen to the teacher.
69．We are talking about if this plan should be carried out.
If 和whether都可以引导动词的宾语从句，如果从句做的是介词宾语，只能用whether引导。所以把if 改为whether。
70．I can not decide if to stay or not.
只有whether才能和不定式搭配使用。因此把if 改为whether。
71．My suggestion is we try for a second time.
表语从句的引导词如为that，一般不省略。因此在we前加上that。
72．What will the professor say is not known yet.
名词性从句的语序都是陈述句语序。因此应改为：What the professor will say is not known yet.
73．I will go unless he invites me.
此句意为“除非他邀请我，否则我不去。”而unless相当于if not, 所以本句应改成：I won't go unless he invites me。
74．Although he tried, but he still couldn’t keep up with the others.
although 和but 不能同时用在一句话中，去掉任何一个都可以。
75．I won't stay until he comes back.
含有not…until的句子的谓语动词应是点动词，含有until的肯定句的动词应是延续性动词，此句有两种改法：I will stay until he comes back.或I won't leave until he comes back.
76．An orphan is a child who's parents are dead.
定语从句中表“…的”引导词只有whose，所以把who's 改为whose。
77．This is the very thing which I lost yesterday.
如果先行词为物且前有the only, the last, the very修饰时，定语从句的引导词只能用that。
78．This is the car for that I paid a high price.
定语从句的先行词为物，而且引导词放在介词后时，只能用which.
79．She is one of the students who has passed the exam.
定语从句修饰one of 加上复数名词时，复数名词是定语从句的先行词，因此把 has 改为have。
80．This is the place where we visited last year.
定语从句的先行词用关系代词还是关系副词要看定语从句中缺不缺主语或宾语，如缺用关系代词，如不缺用关系副词。此句中visit为及物动词，后无宾语，因此把where 改为which或that。
81．I, who is your friend, can understand you.
定语从句的谓语动词应与其先行词保持一致，因此把is 改为am。
82．China is a developing country, that is known to all.
非限定性定语从句的引导词永远不会是that，因此把that 改为which 或as。
83．The poet and writer are invited to give a speech at the meeting.
poet和writer共用一个冠词，指的是一个人身兼二职，所以谓语动词应为单数。把are改为is.
84．No one except my parents know it.
主语后加except再加上若干数量的名词，谓语动词和主语保持一致。所以把know改为knows。类似的用法的词或短语有：but, besides, with, together with, along with, as well as等等。
85．Your clothes is on the table over there.
clothes为复数句词，谓语动词应为复数。把is改为are。
86. The number of the students in that school are about one thousand.
此名的主语为number而不是students。因此把are 改为is。
87．The class was watching TV when I entered the room.
class作主语时，把它看成一个整体时谓语动词用单数，看成每一个成员的个体行为时谓语动词用复数。一般来说，一些具体行为如看电视、吃饭、洗澡等都属于每一个成员的个体行为。此处把was改为were。
88．The population of our country are increasing slowly now.
population 单独作主语谓语动词经常用单数；如果其前有分数或百分数，而且后面又有复数名词时谓语动词用复数。如：One fifth of the Chinese population are workers. 此处把are改为is。
89．No sooner he had reached the station than the train left.
no sooner 为否定副词，放于句首时句子要部分倒装，因此此句应改为：No sooner had he reached the station than the train left.
90．Here comes he.
here 放于句首时，句子主谓要完全倒装，但句子主语为代词时，则主谓不倒装。此句应改为：Here he comes.
91．A child as he is, he can speak five languages.
用as引导让步状语从句，可把形容词、副词和不带冠词的名词放于as前。所以前半句改为：Child as he is...
92．She would have come if we invited her.
这是与过去事实相反的虚拟假设，从句应该用过去完成时。所以在 we 后加 had.
93．My suggestion is that we would send a few people to help them.
suggestion 的表语从句也应用虚拟语气，必须用should加动词原形，should可以省略。此处去掉would 或把would 改为should。
94．The secretary wishes that she has time to type the letter now.
wish 后的时态应该把真实时态往后推一个时态，所以把has改为had。
95．It's time that we go to bed.
句式为It's time sb did sth 所以把 go 改为 went。
96．I would rather you have another try tomorrow.
词组为would rather sb did sth. 所以把have改为had。
97．There are a bag and several books on the table.
There be 句式遵循谓语动词就近原则，a bag为单数，所以把are改为is。
98．There were several people stood at the back of the room.
There be句式的谓语动词为be动词，句中其他的动词应为非谓语动词。所以把stood改为standing.
99．We almost have written twenty compositions this term.
像almost这样的副词在句中放在助动词、be动词之后，实意动词之前。因此把almost放在have后面。
100．The girl has beautiful, silky hair who lives high in the mountains.
定语从句应紧跟先行词，所以改为：The girl, who lives high in the mountains, has beautiful, silky hair.1. clothes, cloth, clothing
clothes统指各种衣服，谓语动词永远是复数cloth指布，为不可数名词 clothing服装的总称，指一件衣服用a piece of, an article of
2. incident, accident
incident指小事件, accident指不幸的事故
He was killed in the accident.
3. amount, number
amount后接不可数名词， number后接可数名词 a number of students
4. sound, voice, noise
sound自然界各种各样的声音，voice人的嗓音，noise噪音I hate the loud noise outside.
5. photo, picture, drawing
photo用照相机拍摄的照片，picture可指相片，图片，电影片，drawing画的画Let's go and see a good picture.6. weather, climate
weather一天内具体的天气状况，climate长期的气候状况 The climate here is not good for you.
7. road, street, path, way
road具体的公路，马路，street街道，path小路，小径，way道路，途径
take this road; in the street, show me the way to the museum.
8. course, subject
course课程（可包括多门科目），
subject科目（具体的学科）a summer course
9. custom, habit
custom传统风俗，习俗，也可指生活习惯，后接to do，habit生活习惯，习惯成自然，后接of doing. I've got the habit of drinking a lot.
10. cause, reason
cause指造成某一事实或现象的直接原因，后接of sth./doing sth，reason用来解释某种现象或结果的理由，后接for sth./doing sth. the reason for being late
11. exercise, exercises, practice
exercise运动，锻炼（不可数），exercises练习（可数），practice（反复做的）练习 Practice makes perfect.
12. class, lesson
作"课"解时,两者可以替换.指课文用lesson.指班级或全体学生用class. lesson 6; class 5
13. speech, talk, lecture
speech指在公共场所所做的经过准备的较正式的演说，talk日常生活中的一般的谈话，讲话，lecture学术性的演讲，讲课 a series of lecture on… 14. work, job二者均指工作。work不可数，job可数 a good job
15. couple, pair
couple主要指人或动物，pair多指由两部分组成的东西 a pair of trousers
16. country, nation, state, land
country侧重指版图，疆域，nation指人民，国民，民族，state侧重指政府，政体，land国土，国家 The whole nation was sad at the news.
17. cook, cooker
cook厨师，cooker厨具 He is a good cook.
18. damage, damages
damage不可数名词,损害，损失; damages复数形式,赔偿金 $900 damages
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19. police, policeman
police警察的总称，后接复数谓语动词，policeman指某个具体的警察
The police are questioning everyone in the house.
20. problem, question
problem常和困难连系，前面的动词常为think about, solve, raise，question常和疑问连系，多和ask, answer连用
21. trip, journey, traveltravel是最常用的，trip指短期的旅途，journey指稍长的旅途， a three-day trip
22. sport, game
sport多指户外的游戏或娱乐活动，如打球，游泳，打猎，赛马等；game指决定胜负的游戏，通常有一套规则 His favorite sport is swimming.
23. price, prize
price价格，prize奖，奖品，奖金 win the first prize The price is high/low.
24. a number of, the number of
a number of许多，谓语动词用复数。the number of…的数目，谓语动词用单数。The number of students is increasing.
25. in front of, in the front of
in front of范围外的前面，in the front of范围内的前面 In the front of the room sits a boy.
26. for a moment, for the moment
for a moment片刻，一会儿，for the moment暂时，一时 Thinking for a moment, he agreed.
27. next year, the next year
next year将来时间状语，the next year过去将来时间状语 He said he would go abroad the next year.
28. more than a year, more than one year
more than a year一年多，more than one year超过一年（两年或三年等）
29. take advice, take the(one's) advice
take advice征求意见，take the advice接受忠告
He refused to take the advice and failed again.
30. take air, take the airtake air传播，走漏，take the air到户外去，散步
31. in a word, in words
in a word总之，一句话， in words口头上 In a word, you are right.
32. in place of, in the place of
in place of代替，in the place of在…地方 A new building is built in the place of the old one.
33. in secret, in the secret
in secret秘密地，暗自地，偷偷地，一般用作状语；in the secret知道内情，知道秘密，一般用作表语 My mother was in the secret from the beginning.
34. go to sea, by sea, by the sea
go to sea当海员，出航，by sea乘船，由海路， by the sea在海边 go by sea
35. the doctor and teacher, the doctor and the teacher
the doctor and teacher指一个人，既是医生又是老师，the doctor and the teacher两个人，一个医生和一个老师 the doctor and teacher is
36. in office, in the officein office在职的，in the office在办公室里He is in office, not out ofoffice.
37. in bed, on the bedin bed卧在床上，on the bed在床上The book is on the bed. Heis ill in bed.
38. in charge of, in the charge ofin charge of管理，负责照料，in the charge of由……照料He is in charge of thematter. The matter is in the charge of her.
39. in class, in the classin class在课上，in the class在班级里He is the best student inthe class.
40. on fire, on the fireon fire着火,on the fire在火上Put the food on the fire.The house is on fire.
41. out of question, out of the questionout of question毫无疑问的，out of the question不可能的
42. a second, the seconda second又一，再一，the second第……He won the second prize.
43. it, oneit同一物体，one同类不同一I lost my pen. I have to buy a new one.
44. that, thisthat指代上文所提到的，this导出下文所要说的I was ill. That's why…
45. none, nothing, no onenone强调有多少，nothing, no one强调有没有，nothing指物，no one指人--- How many…/How much… --- None.
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46. anyone, any oneanyone指人，不能接of，any one指人物均可，可接of any one of you
47. who, whatwho指姓名或关系，what指职业或地位What is your dad He is a teacher.
48. what, whichwhat的选择基础是无限制的，which在一定范围内进行选择Which do you prefer, bananas or apples
49. not a little, not a bitnot a little非常，not a bit一点也不I'm not a bit tired.我一点儿也不累。
50. by oneself, for oneself, to oneself, of oneselfby oneself单独的，独自的，for oneself为自己，to oneself供自己用的，of oneself自行的，自动的The door opened of itself.
51. high, highlyhigh具体的高，highly抽象的高，高度的think highly of
52. healthy, healthfulhealthy健康的，健壮的，healthful有益于健康的healthful exercise
53. sleeping, asleep, sleepysleeping正在睡觉，asleep睡着，熟睡，只能做表语，sleepy困的，有睡意的asleeping baby The baby is asleep. I'm sleepy.
54. gold, goldengold指真金制品，golden指金色的，但金鱼用gold fish a gold ring
55. most, mostlymost用于表感受的肯定句中，相当于very，当大部分，大多数解时是形容词或名词，mostly大部分,是副词most people, the people are mostly…
56. real, truereal真的，真实的，指的是事实上存在而不是想象的，true真的，真正的，指的是事实和实际情况相符合real gold, a true story
57. respectful, respectablerespectful尊敬，有礼貌，respectable可敬的，值得尊敬的be respectful to the aged
58. pleasant, pleased, pleasingpleasant常用作定语，pleased, pleasing常用作表语，pleased主语常为人，pleasing主语常为物a pleasant trip The trip ispleasing.
59. understanding, understandableunderstanding明白事理的，能体谅的，understandable可理解的，能够懂的an understanding girl, an understandable mistake
60. close, closelyclose接近，靠近，closely紧紧地，紧密地closely connected, standclose
61. ill, sick
ill做表语，sick定，表均可a sick boy
62. good, wellgood形容词，well副词，但指身体状况是形容词He is well again.
63. quiet, silent, stillquiet安静的，可以发出小的声音，silent不发出声音，但可以动，still完全不动，完全无声响He stand there still.他站在那儿，一动不动，也不说话。
64. able, capableable与不定式to do连用，capable有能力的常与of连用He is capable of cooking…
65. almost, nearly二者均为"几乎,差不多"和否定词连用almost almost nobody
66. late, latelylate迟，晚，lately最近，近来 还可以做形容词，最新的I haven't seen him lately(recently).
67. living, alive, live, livelyliving, alive, live均为活着的，living定表均可，alive定表均可，定语后置，live只能做定语，lively意为活泼的all the living people=all the people alive
68. deep, deeplydeep具体的深，deeply抽象的深，深深地deeply moved, dig deep
69. worth, worthy二者均为值得，worth后接doing，worthy后接to be done, of being doneIt is worth visiting. = It's worthy to be visited. = It's worthy of being visited.
70. happy, gladhappy高兴，幸福，定表均可，glad高兴，只能做表语a happy girl
71. instead, instead ofinstead是副词，放在句首或句末，instead of是介词短语，放在句中He didn't see a film.Instead he watched TV. He watched TV instead of seeing a film.
72. raise, riseraise及物动词，rise不及物动词The sun rises in the east.
73. bring, take, carry, fetchbring拿来，take带走，carry随身携带，fetch去回这一往返动作fetch a box of chalk
74. join, join in, take part injoin加入某个组织，并成为其中的一员；join in参加小型的活动, join sb. in；take part in参加大型的活动He joined the army fiveyears ago.
75. learn, studylearn学习，侧重学习的结果，study学习，侧重学习的过程，研究
76. want, hope, wishwant打算，想要，want to do, want sb. to do,hope希望（通常可以实现），hope to do/ hope that… wish希望（通常不能实现）wish (sb.) todo, wish sb/sth. + n. I wish you success.
77. discover, invent, find outdiscover发现本来存在但不为人所知的东西，invent发明本来不存在的物体，find out发现，查明At last he found out the truth
78. leave, leave forleave离开，leave for前往He left Beijing for Shanghai.
79. rob, stealrob抢劫rob sb. of sth.，steal偷steal sth. from sb.
80. search, search forsearch后接地点，search for后接东西He searched his pocket for money
81. win, lose, beatwin后接sth.，反义词为lose, beat后接sb. win the game, beat them
82. live on, live bylive on以…为主食，live by靠…谋生live on fish/ live by fishing
83.beat,hit, strikebeat连续性地击打；hit打中，对准打；strike打一下或若干下
84. be tired of, be tiredwith/frombe tired of厌烦…，be tired with/from因为…而累了be tired with/from running 800 meters
85. care about, care forcare about关心，计较，在乎，一般多用于否定句中；care for关心，照料，喜欢，愿意He doesn't care about his clothes. I don't care formovies.
86. catch a cold, have a cold
catch a cold不能和表示"一段时间"的状语连用，而have a cold可以
She has had a cold for a week.
87. change for, change intochange for调换成，change into变成Changethe shirt for a bigger one. Water changes into ice.
88. continue, last二者均为持续，continue主动，被动均可，last只能用主动 The warcontinued/lasted five years. The story is to be continued.
90. feed, raisefeed喂养，养活，饲养(to give food to)，raise饲养，养育(cause to grow, bring up children) raise the family
91. insist on, stick toinsist on坚持要求，后常接doing, stick to坚持,后常接sth. stick to the plan
92. mean to do, mean doingmean to do打算，想要做某事，mean doing意思是，意味着By this I mean giving thestudents more practice.
93. die from, die ofdie from表示死于（枪）伤，虚弱，过度劳累，饮食过度等，die of表示死于疾病，饥饿，寒冷，年老，忧愁，失恋等精神因素die of hunger and cold
94. pay for, pay back, pay offpay for为…付钱，pay back还钱，但不一定还清，payoff还清payfor the book, pay off the debt(债务)
95. grow, plantgrow使某种植物在某地生长着或使其发展下去，plant移植，移栽已经长成秧苗的植物plant the trees, trees are growing
96. manage, trymanage to do设法做成了某事，try to do尽力去做某事但不一定成功He tried to pass the exam, but he failed.
97. choose, selectchoose凭个人的判断力进行选择，select有目的地仔细认真地选择choose the best answer
98. build, put up, set up, foundbuild一般用语，建成，put up临时搭建，set up建成（内部的设施基本齐全），found国家或组织的建成putup a tent, set up a school
99. be familiar to, be familiar withbe familiar to某物对某人来说是熟悉的，be familiar with某人熟悉某物Thebook is familiar to me. I'm familiar with the book.
100. receive, acceptreceive收到某一东西，但不一定接受，accept接受I received a gift, but I didn't accept it.
101. wear, put on, dresswear和dress表状态,wear接衣服等,可用进行时，dress接人,be dressed in, put on表动作 It's coldoutside. Put on your warm clothes.
102. listen, hearlisten强调动作，hear强调结果I listened, but I heard nothing.
103. look, see, watchlook看的动作，see看的结果，watch强调所看物体的变化、移动和发展watch TV
104. lie, laylie躺，位于(lay, lain),说谎(lied, lied)，lay平放(laid, laid) lay the book
105. work as, act aswork as工作是…，act as充当某种职务或身份，或扮演某种角色He works as a teacher. He acts as an interpreter.
106. hurt, injure, woundhurt感情上受伤，injure事故中受伤，wound战争中受伤He was wounded in the war.
107. turn, get, growturn表突变，后常接表颜色的词，get强调变的结果，grow强调过程，逐渐的变化turn yellow, get tired, grow big
108. close, shut, turn offclose和shut当关解时可以通用，用于可开合的物体，turn off用于指有开关的物体Close/Shut the door. Turn off the TV.
109. set out, set about, set off指出发，着手时，set out后接to do，set about后接doing, set off后接for sp.
110. at work, in workat work在工作，在上班，in work有职业，有工作Both my parents are at work. They are not at home.
111. increase to, increase byincrease to增长到…，increase by增长了…The number increased by 2,000 to 5,000.
112. day after day, day by dayday after day日复一日（无变化）；day by day一天天地（有变化）Trees grow taller day by day.
113. after, in (表时间)after接时间点，in接时间段after 7:00, in five minutes
113.either…or…& neither…nor… & not only…but also… & both…and…
[误] Either he or I are right.
[正] Either he or I am right.
前三个连词连接名词、代词等作主语时,谓语动词要与离其最近的主语的单复数一致,both…and…的谓语动词则要用复数1. welcome to sp 欢迎到某地
Eg. Welcome to China.
2. What's the matter with sb. / sth 出什么毛病了？
Eg. What's the matter with your watch
3. be different from 与......不同
Eg. The weather in Beijing is different from that of Nanjing.
4. be the same as 与……相同
Eg. His trousers are the same as mine.
5. be friendly to sb. 对某人友好
Eg. Mr. Wang is very friendly to us.
6. want to do sth. 想做某事
Eg. I want to go to school.
7. want sb. to do sth. 想让某人做某事
Eg. I want my son to go to school.
8. what to do 做什么
Eg. We don't know what to do next.
9. let sb. do sth. 让某人做某事
Eg. Let him enter the room.
10. let sb. not do sth. 让某人不做某人
Eg. Let him not stand in the rain.
11. why don't you do sth
怎么不做某事呢？
Eg. Why don't you play football with us
12. why not do sth. 怎么不做某事呢？
Eg. Why not play football with us
13. make sb. sth. 为某人制造某物
Eg. My father made me a kite.
14. make sth for sb. 为某人制造某物
Eg. My father made a kite for me.
15. What …mean by … 做……是什么意思？
Eg. What do you mean by doing that
16. like doing sth. 喜欢做某事
Eg. Jim likes swimming.
17. like to do sth. 喜欢做某事
Eg. He doesn't like to swim now.
18. feel like doing sth. 想做某事
Eg. I feel like eating bananas.
19. would like to do sth. 愿意做某事
Eg. Would you like to go rowing with me
20. would like sb. to do sth. 愿意某人做某事
Eg. I’d like you to stay with me tonight.
21. make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事
Eg. His brother often makes him stay in the sun.
22. let sb. do sth. 让某人做某事
Eg. Let me sing a song for you.
23. have sb. do sth. 使某人做某事
Eg. You shouldn't have the students work so hard.
24. be far from sp 离某地远
Eg. His school is far from his home.
25. be near to sp 离某地近
Eg. The hospital is near to the post office.
26. be good at sth. / doing sth. 擅长某事/做某事
Eg.They are good at boating.
27. It takes sb. some time to do sth. 某人花多少时间做某事
Eg. It took me more than a year to learn to draw a beautiful horse in five minutes.
28. sb. spends some time/money (in) doing sth. 某人花多少时间做某事
Eg. I spent twenty years in writing the novel.
29. sb. spends some time/money on sth. 某事花了某人多少时间/金钱
Eg. Jim spent 1000 yuan on the bike.
30. sth. costs sb. some money. 某物花了某人多少钱
Eg. The bike cost Jim 1000 yuan.
31. sb. pays some money for sth. 某人为某物付了多少钱
Eg. Jim paid 1000 yuan for the bike.
32. begin / start with sth. 开始做某事
Eg. The started the meeting with a song.
33. be going to do sth. 打算做某事
Eg. We are going to study in Japan.
34. call A B 叫 A B
Eg. They called the village Gumtree.
35. thank sb. for sth. / doing sth. 感谢某人做某事
Eg. Thank you for your help.
36. What ……for 为什么
Eg. What do you learn English for
37. How / what about doing sth.？做某事怎么样？
Eg. How about going fishing
38. Sb +be+ the+最高级+of/in短语
Eg. Lucy is the tallest in her class.
39. Sb + be +比较级+than any other + n.
Eg. Lucy is taller than any other student in her class.
40. have to do sth. 不得不做某事
Eg. I have to go home now.
41. had better do sth. 最好做某事
Eg. You'd better study hard at English.
42. had better not do sth. 最好别做某事
Eg. You'd better not stay up.
43. help sb. to do sth. 帮助某人做某事
Eg. Lucy often helps Lily to wash her clothes.
44. help sb. do sth. 帮助某人做某事
Eg. He usually helps me learn English.
45. help sb. with sth. 帮助某人做某事
Eg. I sometimes help my mother with
46. the housework make it +时间 把时间定在几点
Eg. Let's make it 8:30.
47. take sb. to sp 带某人到某地
Eg. Mr. Wang will take us to the Summer Palace next Sunday.
49. have nothing to do (with sb) 与某人没有关系
Eg. That has nothing to do with me.
50. 主语+ don't think + 从句 认为……不……
Eg. I don't think it will rain tomorrow.
51. It's + adj.+ for sb. to do sth. 做某事对某人来说怎么样
Eg. It is lucky for you to go to London.
52. How + adj / adv + 主+ 谓！多么……啊！
Eg. How beautiful the flower is!
53. what + a / an + adj + n + 主+ 谓！
Eg. What an beautiful flower it is!
54. What + adj+ pl. / [u] +主+ 谓！
Eg. What bad weather it is today!
55. find it + adj+ to do sth. 发现做某事如何
Eg. I find it hard to speak English well!
56. ask sb. for sth. 向某人要某物
Eg. They often ask me for money.
57. need to do sth. 需要做某事
Eg. You need to study hard.
58. need sth 需要某物
Eg. I don't need your money.
59. use A to do B 用A来做B
Eg. We use pens to write.
60. show sb. sth 给某人看某物
Eg. Please show me the map.
61. show sth. to sb. 把某物给某人看
Eg. Please show the map to me.
62. pass sb. sth. 把某物递给某人
Eg. Pass me the cup of tea.
63. pass sth. to sb. 把某物递给某人
Eg. Pass the cup of tea to me.
64. buy sb. sth. 为某人买某物
Eg. Mother bought me a bike.
65. buy sth. for sb. 为某人买某物
Eg. Mother bought a bike for me.
66. give sb. sth 把某物给某人
Eg. Jim gave me an English dictionary.
67. give sth. to sb. 把某物给某人
Eg. Jim gave an English dictionary to me.
68. get to sp 达到某地
Eg. I got to Beijing on the morning of May 1st.
69. arrive at / in sp 达到某地
Eg. I arrived in Beijing on the morning of May 1st.
70. reach sp 到达某地
Eg. I reached Beijing on the morning of May 1st.
71. hope to do sth. 希望某人做某事
Eg. I hope to see you soon.
72. there is sth. wrong with sth. / sb. 某物/某人出什么状况了
Eg. There is something wrong my car.
73. sth. is wrong with … 某物出什么毛病了
Eg. Something is wrong with my car.
74. How do you like sth 你认为……怎么样？
Eg. How do you like Beijing
75.What do you think of sth. 你认为……怎么样？
Eg. What do you think of Beijing
76. start doing sth. 开始做某事
Eg. I started learning English in 1983.
77. start to do sth. 开始做某事
Eg. I started to watch TV after finishing my homework.
78.finish doing sth. 完成作某事
Eg. I finished cleaning my car just now.
79. enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事
Eg. They all enjoy living and working in China.
80.What / when / where / who / something / anything / nothing else …… 别的什么/何时/何地/谁……
① What else do you want to buy
② Where else have you gone
③ Who else have you played with
④ I have nothing else to tell you.
⑤ Would you like something else
81. forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事了（已做）
Eg. I forgot turning off the lights. Look, it is dark in the room.
82. forget to do sth. 忘了做某事了（未做）
Eg. I forgot to turn off the lights. Could you go back and shut the off
83. remember doing sth. 记得做过某事了（已做）
Eg. I remembered returning your money. You are so forgetful.
84. remember to do sth. 记住去做某事（未做）
Eg. Remember to bring me some money. I've run out of it.
85.stop to do sth. 停下来去做某事
Eg. He stopped to talk with Mary when she enter the office.
86. stop doing sth. 停止做某事
Eg. The students stopped talking when the teachet came in.
87. watch / see / hear sb. do sth. 观看/看见/听见某人做了某事（全过程）
Eg. I saw you pick an apple just now.
88. watch / see / hear sb. doing sth. 观看/看见/听见某人正在做某事（点动作）
Eg. I saw you playing basketball with your classmates on the playground last Sunday.
89. go on doing sth. 继续作某事
Eg. He went on reading after a short rest.
90. go on to do sth. 继续作某事
Eg. He went on to read after finishing wash the dishes.
91. go on with sth. 继续某事
Eg. He went on with his work after a short rest.
92. say hello / goodbye to sb. 向某人告别
Eg.I came to say good-bye to you.
93. be busy doing sth. 忙于做某事
Eg. They are busy planting trees on the hill.
94. be interested in sth. 对某事感兴趣
Eg. English is very interesting. We are all interested in it.
95. tell sb. to do sth. 告诉某人做某事
Eg. Mother told me to go shopping with her.
96. ask sb. to do sth. 让某人做某事
Eg. Jim ask me to go rowing with him.
97. call / ring sb. up 给某人打电话
Eg. I will call you up tommow.
98. be ready to do sth. 准备做某事
Eg. We are ready to have lunch.
99. go doing sth. 去做某事
Eg. Let's go fishing.
100. prefer A / doing A to B / doing B 比起A / 做A，更喜欢B / 做B
Eg. Lucy prefers English to French. I prefer staying at home to going to the cinema.
101、the most + 形容词 + 名词 +(that)+ 主词 + have ever + seen(known/heard/had/read, etc)
Helen is the most beautiful girl that I have ever seen。
海伦是我所看过最美丽的女孩。
102、Nothing is + er than to + V
Nothing is + more + 形容词 + than to + V
例句：
Nothing is more important than to receive education。
没有比接受教育更重要的事。
103、cannot emphasize the importance of … too much
(再怎么强调……的重要性也不为过。)
例句：
We cannot emphasize the importance of protecting our eyes too much。
我们再怎么强调保护眼睛的重要性也不为过。
104、There is no denying that + S + V(不可否认的……)
例句：
There is no denying that the qualities of our living have gone from bad to worse。
不可否认的，我们的生活品质已经每况愈下。
105、It is universally acknowledged that + 句子 (全世界都知道……)
例句：
It is universally acknowledged that trees are indispensable to us。
全世界都知道树木对我们是不可或缺的。
106、There is no doubt that + 句子(毫无疑问的……)
例句：
There is no doubt that our educational system leaves something to be desired。
毫无疑问的我们的教育制度令人不满意。
107、An advantage of is that + 句子(……的优点是……)
例句：
An advantage of using the solar energy is that it won't create
(produce) any pollution。
使用太阳能的优点是它不会制造任何污染。
108、The reason why + 句子 is that + 句子(……的原因是……)
例句：
The reason why we have to grow trees is that they can provide
us with fresh air。
我们必须种树的原因是它们能供应我们新鲜的空气。
109、So + 形容词 + be + 主词 + that + 句子(如此……以致于……)
例句：So precious is time that we can't afford to waste it。
时间是如此珍贵，它经不起我们浪费。
110、adj. + as + Subject(主词)+ be, S + V (虽然……)
例句：
Rich as our country is, the qualities of our living are by no
means satisfactory。
（by no means = in no way = on no account 一点也不）
虽然我们的国家富有，我们的生活品质绝对令人不满意。
111、The + ~er + S + V,the + ~er + S + V
The + more + Adj + S + V, the + more + Adj + S + V
(愈……愈……)
例句：
The harder you work, the more progress you make。
你愈努力，你愈进步。
112、By +Ving, can (借着……，……能够……)
例句：
By taking exercise, we can always stay healthy。
借着做运动，我们能够始终保持健康。
113、enable + Object(受词)+ to + V (……使……能够……)
例句：
Listening to music enables us to feel relaxed。
听音乐使我们能够感觉轻松。
114、On no account can we + V ~~~ (我们绝对不能……)
例句：
On no account can we ignore the value of knowledge。
我们绝对不能忽略知识的价值。
115、It is time + S + 过去式 (该是……的时候了)
例句：
It is time the authorities concerned took proper steps to solve
the traffic problems。
该是有关当局采取适当的措施来解决交通问题的时候了。
116、Those who …… (……的人……)
例句：
Those who break the law should be punished。
违法的人应该受处罚。
117、There is no one but …… (没有人不……)
例句：
There is no one but longs to go to college。
没有人不渴望上大学。
118、be + forced/compelled/obliged + to + V (不得不……)
例句：
Since the examination is around the corner, I am compelled to
give up doing sports。
由于考试迫在眉睫，我不得不放弃做运动。
119、可想而知……
It is conceivable that + 句子 (可想而知的)
It is obvious that + 句子 (明显的)
It is apparent that + 句子 (显然的)
例句：
It is conceivable that knowledge plays an important role in our
life。
可想而知，知识在我们的一生中扮演一个重要的角色。
120、That is the reason why （那就是……的原因）
例句：
Summer is hot.That is the reason why I don't like it。
夏天很炎热。那就是我不喜欢它的原因。
121、For the past + 时间，S + 现在完成式。(过去……年来，……一直……)
例句：
For the past two years, I have been busy preparing for the
examination。
过去两年来，我一直忙着准备考试。
122、Since + S + 过去式，S + 现在完成式
例句：
Since he went to senior high school, he has worked very hard。
自从他上高中，他一直很用功。
123、It pays to + V (……是值得的。)
例句：
It pays to help others。
帮助别人是值得的。
124、be based on (以……为基础)
例句：
The progress of the society is based on harmony。
社会的进步是以和谐为基础的。
125、Spare no effort to + V (不遗余力的)
We should spare no effort to beautify our environment。
我们应该不遗余力的美化我们的环境。
126、bring home to +人+事 (让……明白……事)
例句：
We should bring home to people the value of working hard。
我们应该让人们明白努力的价值。
127、be closely related to (与……息息相关)
例句：
Taking exercise is closely related to health。
做运动与健康息息相关。
128、Get into the habit of + Ving= make it a rule to + V (养成……的习惯)
例句：
We should get into the habit of previewing and reviewing。
我们应该养成预习和复习的习惯。
129、Due to/Owing to/Thanks to + N/Ving, (因为……)
例句：
Thanks to his encouragement, I finally realized my dream。
因为他的鼓励，我终于实现我的梦想。
130、What a + Adj + N + S + V!= How + Adj + a + N + V!(多么……!)
例句：
What an important thing it is to keep our promise!
How important a thing is to keep our promise!
遵守诺言是多么重要的事！
131、Have a great influence on …(对……有很大的影响)
例句：
Smoking has a great influence on our health。
抽烟对我们的健康有很大的影响。
132、do good to (对…有益)，do harm to (对……有害)
例句：
Reading does good to our mind。读书对心灵有益。
Overwork does harm to health。工作过度对健康有害。
133、Pose a great threat to (对……造成一大威胁)
例句：
Pollution poses a great threat to our existence。
污染对我们的生存造成一大威胁。
134、do one's utmost to + V = do one's best (尽全力去……)
例句：
We should do our utmost to achieve our goal in life。
我们应尽全力去达成我们的人生目标。
135、Among various kinds of …，…= Of all the …， … 在各种…之中…
例句：
Among various kinds of sports, I like jogging in particular。
在各种运动中我尤其喜欢慢跑。
136、In my opinion， …= To my mind， …= As far as I am concerned， …= I am of the opinion that子句 就我的看法…；我认为…
例句：
In my opinion, playing copmuter games not only takes much time but also is harmful to health。
就我的看法玩电脑游戏既花费时间也有害健康。
137、Of all the people I know， perhaps non deserves my respect more than …
在我认识的人当中也许没有一个人比…更值得我尊敬。
例句：
Of all the people I know， perhaps non deserves my respect more than Miss Wang, my English teacher。
在我认识的人当中也许没有一个人比我的英文老师王老师更值得我尊敬。
138、常用句型
据说…… It is said (that)子句
一般认为…… It is thought (that)子句
大家都知道…… It is known (that)子句
据报导…… It is reported (that)子句
一般预料…… It is expected (that)子句
据估计…… It is estimated (that)子句
一般相信…… It is believed (that)子句

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