资源简介

Unit 6　Survival
【Step 1　题源研读·探寻主题提升思维】
Maui rescue mission continues for lost pets
毛伊岛失踪宠物救援任务仍在继续
　　Shelly Polson woke up Aug.8 to see her neighbor’s house engulfed in flames.The Lahaina, Hawaii, resident lived with two dogs, Shadow and Rebel, and has provided refuge to numerous cats in her home near the southeast edge of town.The Maui Humane Society which the island’s only open admission animal shelter is leading the rescue efforts, with about 200 animals recovered from the burn area.About 30% of the animals have since been reunited with their families, while the rest remain in the care of the shelter or foster families. 　　During an Aug.14 news conference, Maui Humane Society Chief Executive Lisa Labrecque said the organization had deployed field services and veterinary teams daily to track down animals.The field teams go through areas cleared for safety and collect stray animals and the remains of those that were killed.Every animal found has its location recorded, is checked for identification and scanned for a microchip to contact the owner.The cataloging process is done to bring closure to pet owners.Katie Shannon, a spokeswoman for the Maui Humane Society, said the majority of animals in the Humane Society’s care are dogs and cats, but they have seen a wide range of creatures rescued. 　　The wildfires started on Aug.8 and blazed through the oceanside historic town of Lahaina on Maui.Authorities had previously announced that the fires claimed at least 115 lives, making it one of the worst natural disasters in Hawaii’s history and the deadliest US wildfires in over a century. —Los Angeles Time (同源高考:2020·全国Ⅲ卷B篇阅读选自本报刊)
金榜原创 1.What is in charge of the rescue operation (B) A.Residents in the Lahaina, Hawaii. B.An open admission animal shelter. C.Rescuers from the whole country. D.Many remaining foster families. 2.What’s the main idea of the second paragraph (A) A.The process of rescue. B.The way to track down animals. C.The cataloging process. D.The animals saved by the rescuers. 长难句分析 The Maui Humane Society which the island’s only open admission animal shelter is leading the rescue efforts, with about 200 animals recovered from the burn area. 分析:这是一个主从复合句,which引导定语从句,with about 200 animals recovered from the burn area as of last week为“with复合结构”,其中recover和about 200 animals为逻辑上的被动关系。 翻译:毛伊岛唯一开放的动物收容所毛伊岛人道协会正在领导救援工作,约有200只动物从烧伤区获救。
【Step 2　考点突破·感悟经典运用提升】
提示:题干中本单元词汇加波浪线显示
【重点单词——巧积词汇】
1.commit v.犯(错误或罪行);承诺, 保证;(使)致力于, 全心全意投入
【步入经典】 单句语法填空/同义句转换/完成句子
①The local government has made a commitment (commit) to make progress in ecological and environmental conservation.
②As a committed (commit) and patient scientist,she never acknowledged defeat whatever difficulties she met.
③Fan Zhongyan was devoted to carrying out a series of reforms to make his country prosperous.
→Fan Zhongyan committed himself to/ was committed to carrying out a series of reforms to make his country prosperous. <写作运用:应用文写作之人物介绍>
④It is strongly recommended that students (should) commit more free time to taking part in sports activities.
强烈建议学生们应把更多的自由时间用于参加体育活动。 <写作运用:应用文写作之建议信>
(1)commit a crime　　　　 犯罪
commit a mistake/an error 犯错误
(2)commit...to... 把……托付给……; 把……转交给……
commit oneself to sth./doing sth. 致力于, 献身于(做)某事
(3)committed adj.坚定的;尽心尽力的
be committed to sth./doing sth. 致力于, 献身于
(4)commitment n.奉献;承诺, 保证
make a commitment to do sth. 承诺做某事
2.estimate v.估计, 估算
【步入经典】 单句语法填空/完成句子
①The police estimated the number of tourists at about 20,000 during the tourist season.
②(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)The experiment of estimation (estimate) he conducted showed that in some cases, the average of a large number of independent estimates could be quite accurate.
③It is estimated that fatal road accidents have decreased in frequency over recent years.
据估计,近年来致命道路事故的频率有所下降。
(1)It is estimated that... 据估计……
estimate...at... 估计/猜测……为……
(2)estimation n.估计,判断
(3)近义词:value v.估价
calculate v.计算
judge v.判断
reckon v.估计
3.appreciate v.欣赏;赏识;感激
【步入经典】 单句语法填空/完成句子
①I appreciate having (have) the opportunity to discuss these important issues with you.
②Here I sincerely express my appreciation (appreciate) if you could help me solve the conflict with my parents over the future career.
③I appreciate your timely help and look forward to hearing from you.我感谢你的及时帮助,并期待着收到你的消息。 <写作运用:应用文写作之感谢信>
④I know you have a very busy schedule but I would appreciate it if you could take some time to go through them and make necessary changes.
我知道你的日程安排很忙,但如果你能花点时间仔细检查并做出必要的改变,我将不胜感激。
(1)appreciate sth./doing sth. 感激某物/做某事
I would appreciate it if... 如果……我会不胜感激
(2)appreciation n.欣赏;鉴定;感激
in appreciation of... 作为对……的感谢;为感谢……
(3)be thankful for 对……感激
be grateful to 对……感激
【误区释疑】
appreciate后跟宾语从句的时候, 要在宾语从句的前面加上形式宾语it。有类似用法的动词(短语)还有hate, dislike, love, like, depend on等。
4.restrict v.限制,控制
【步入经典】 单句语法填空/完成句子
①The tournament is restricted to players under the age of 23.
②They enjoyed themselves when wandering through the countryside without restriction, with blood warming and relaxing every inch of their bodies.
③The whole world should make an effort to place restrictions (restrict) on human activities in habitat to protect endangered species.
④It is strongly recommended that you should restrict yourself to the intake of high-fat food to improve your health condition.
强烈建议你应该限制高脂肪食物的摄入,以改善你的健康状况。<写作运用:应用文写作之建议信>
(1)restricted　　　　　 adj.有限制的,受限定的
be restricted to 仅限于
(2)restrict oneself to 限制自己
(3)restriction n.限制,限定,约束,制约因素
put/place restrictions on... 对……加以限制
without restriction 没有限制地
5.optimistic adj.乐观的;乐观主义的
【步入经典】 单句语法填空/完成句子
①(2023·全国甲卷) Thankfulness has a lot of benefits: Research shows it makes us happier, less stressed and even more optimistic (optimism).
②Trapped in the ruins, the girl still wore a smile, feeling optimistic about being rescued (rescue).
③Mary is responsible, optimistic and patient, who was admitted as one of the best coaches.
玛丽有责任心、乐观并且有耐心,她被认为是最好的教练之一。<写作运用:应用文写作之人物介绍>
(1)be optimistic about 　 对……乐观
(2)optimism n.乐观;乐观主义
optimist n.乐观主义者
(3)pessimistic adj.悲观的
pessimism n.悲观主义
pessimist n.悲观主义者
6.react v.(作出)反应
【步入经典】 单句语法填空/完成句子
①We had an experiment in the chemistry class which showed how iron reacts with air and water.
②Children tend to react against their parents by going against their wishes.
③Many plants could move northward and toward the Pacific coast in reaction to rising temperatures and changes in rainfall.
许多植物可能会北移到太平洋沿岸,以应对气温上升和降雨量变化。
④Surprised and angry, she sat there, not knowing how to react to the unexpected incident.
她坐在那里,又吃惊又生气,不知道如何应对这个意外事件。 <写作运用:读后续写之心理描写>
(1)react on/upon　对……起作用/有影响
react to 对……作出反应
react with 与……发生反应
react against 反对;反抗
(2)reaction n.反应;回应
in reaction to... 对……的反应
7.expose v.使暴露(于险境);揭露;使曝光;使遭受;使接触
【步入经典】 单句语法填空/一句多译
①He dived into the water, only leaving his face exposed (expose).
②接触外国文化可以帮助你更好地了解当地的文化和习俗。
Exposure to foreign cultures can help you have a better understanding of local cultures and customs.(exposure)
→Exposing yourself to/Being exposed to foreign cultures can help you have a better understanding of local cultures and customs.(expose)
→Exposed to foreign cultures, you can have a better understanding of local cultures and customs.(exposed) <写作运用:应用文写作之建议信>
(1)expose...to...　 使……暴露于……;使……接触……
be exposed to... 暴露于……;接触……
(2) exposure n.暴露, 显露; 揭露, 揭发
【备选要点】
terrifying adj.极其可怕的, 骇人听闻的
【步入经典】 单句语法填空/完成句子
①Tired and terrified (terrify) as she was, Jane plucked up courage to feel the way.
②The tiger in the cage looks so terrifying (terrify) that no one dares to get close to it.
③Seeing that his father exploded with anger, the boy was terrified out of moving.
看到父亲勃然大怒,男孩吓得不敢动了。
④Feeling terrified of going home alone, I glanced behind time after time, seeing human shapes behind every tree.
害怕独自回家,我一次又一次地回头看,看到每棵树后面都有人的形状。 <写作运用:读后续写之心理描写>
(1)terrify　　　　　　　　 v.使害怕, 使恐惧
terrify sb.into doing sth. 恐吓某人做某事
terrify sb.out of doing sth. 恐吓某人不做某事
(2)terrified adj.恐惧的;受惊吓的
be terrified of 害怕……
(3)terrifyingly adv.恐怖地
【核心短语——妙积词块】
8.get rid of 摆脱, 除去
【步入经典】 单句语法填空/完成句子
①(2023·全国甲卷) And the only way for us to get into the habit of waiting (wait) is to practice.
②It’s time to get down to arranging (arrange) variations of this programme to suit your requirements.
③(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷) First of all, students may feel uncomfortable or less motivated if paired with someone they don’t get along with.
首先,如果和不合群的人在一起,学生可能会感到不舒服或缺乏动力。 <写作运用:应用文写作之建议信>
④Second, going outdoors and playing team games with your friends is an effective way to get/of getting rid of anger.
第二,到户外和朋友一起做团队游戏是一种有效的排解愤怒的方式。 <写作运用:应用文写作之建议信>
get across　　　　　(使)被理解
get along (with) (与……)和睦相处
get around/round 四处走走;流传
get away (from) (从……)离开/逃跑
get down to 开始认真处理/对待
get into sth. 养成某种习惯;习惯于
get off 下(车、马)
get on 上(车、马)
get over 克服
get through 接通电话;完成;熬过
9.consist of 由……组成, 由……构成
【步入经典】 单句语法填空/完成句子
①Success consists in the ability to continue efforts through failures.
②Remember that your ideal life does not always consist with the reality.
③The company consisting (consist) of 15 small factories is facing a serious financial crisis.
④Life consists of/is made up of/is composed of not only sunshine but also hope, so we should be brave when faced with difficulties.
生活中不仅充满阳光而且充满希望,所以,面对困难,我们应该勇敢。 <写作运用:读后续写之精彩结尾句>
(1)consist　　　 v.由……组成
consist in 在于;存在于
consist with 与……并存/一致
(2)be made up of 由……组成
be composed of 由……组成
【误区释疑】
consist of不能用于被动语态和进行时态,类似的短语还有belong to, come into being等。
【经典句型——速积表达】
10.No matter how many crimes he committed, the police were powerless to arrest him.
不管它犯了多少罪, 警方都无力逮捕它。
【步入经典】 句型转换/完成句子
①However far away we are, we feel close to each other.
→No matter how far away we are, we feel close to each other.
②Therefore, we should keep calm whatever happens in the future.Only in this way can we deal with things correctly in our life.
→Therefore, we should keep calm no matter what happens in the future.Only in this way can we deal with things correctly in our life.
③By setting up a family blog, we can conveniently share our experiences no matter where/wherever we are.
通过建立家庭博客,无论在哪里我们都能方便地分享我们的经历。
④I have learned from Xu Xiake that no matter what/whatever we do, we should do it in person and explore the unknown bravely.
从徐霞客身上我学习到,无论做什么事情我们都要亲力亲为,并且勇敢地去探索未知世界。 <写作运用:应用文写作之人物介绍>
“no matter+疑问词”引导让步状语从句:
(1)no matter作“无论,不管”讲,后面接who, what, where, when, how等,引导让步状语从句。
(2)“no matter+疑问词”只能引导让步状语从句,而“疑问词+ever”既可以引导名词性从句,也可以引导让步状语从句;换句话说,“疑问词+ever”包含了“no matter+疑问词”的用法。
【备选要点】
Physical activity does the body good, and there’s growing evidence that it helps the brain too.
体育活动对身体有好处,越来越多的证据表明,它对大脑也有好处。
【步入经典】 句型转换/完成句子
①More evidently, thirteen people in all had taken part in planning the programme.
→There was more evidence that thirteen people in all had taken part in planning the programme.
②I enjoy every happy moment despite the fact that training life is really difficult.
→I enjoy every happy moment although training life is really difficult.
③Word came that he had won the first prize in the competition, making us delighted and excited.
他竞赛获得一等奖的消息传来, 我们又高兴又激动。<写作运用:读后续写之心理描写>
④She is seized with sorrow at the thought that her efforts might be in vain.
一想到她的努力可能会付诸东流,她就悲痛难忍。<写作运用:读后续写之心理描写>
同位语从句指的是在复合句中充当同位语的从句,属于名词性从句的范畴,同位语从句用来对其前的抽象名词进行解释说明,被解释说明的词和同位语在逻辑上是主表关系。
(1)可以跟同位语从句的名词通常有news, idea, fact, promise, question, doubt, thought, hope, message, suggestion, word(消息), evidence, proof, possibility, decision等(一般的“抽象”名词都可用)。
(2)英语中引导同位语从句的词通常有连词that, whether;连接代词what, who;连接副词how, when, where等。(注: if不能引导同位语从句)
(3)that连接同位语从句时,从句为一个句意完整的陈述句。that不能省略,没有具体的意思,不充当句子成分,只起连接作用。
(4)suggestion/request/order等名词后的同位语从句用虚拟语气,从句中的谓语动词要用“(should+)动词原形”的形式,其中should一词可省略。
【Step 3　进阶演练·强化基础素养落实】
【基础全面练——练透单元要点】
Ⅰ.语境填空——练熟高频词汇
1.The laws have led to a reduction in fuel consumption (consume) in the US.
2.The greedy (greed) boy ate up all the food remaining on the table.
3.Ask the children to guess what’s in each container (contain) by dipping their hands in.
4.My good performance in the job interview left me optimistic (optimism) about my future.
5.For the first two weeks patients are restricted to the grounds.
6.Having shown you around our school, we will introduce our most advanced (advance) science lab to you.
7.Some people think we shouldn’t expose the children to playing (play) computer games.
8.She was possessed of a terrifying (terrify) sensation that she had committed (commit) a mistake which led to her failure.
9.It is estimated (estimate) that in the past 50 years around 80 percent of Beijing’s courtyard houses have been wiped out.
10.I’d appreciate it if you could help me to cope with the stresses and strains of the job.
Ⅱ.完成句子——活用短语句式
1.一支由五名经验丰富的医生和十名技术娴熟的护士组成的医疗队被派往地震灾区。
A medical team,made up of/composed of/consisting of five experienced doctors and ten skillful nurses, was sent to the earthquake-stricken area.
2.在这样一个雾蒙蒙的早晨,他仍然无法摆脱这种奇怪的气味。
It is still impossible for him to get rid of the strange smell on such a foggy morning.
3.如果你能及时告诉我这种安排是否适合你,我将不胜感激。
I’d appreciate it very much if you could let me know in time whether the arrangement is suitable for you.
4.我接受了父亲的建议,要成为一名医生,虽然我对这样的前途毫无把握。
I accepted my father’s suggestion that I should become a doctor, though I’m not sure the prospect at all.
5.无论你面临多少压力,都不要半途而废。
No matter how much pressure you are under, you will never give up halfway.
Ⅲ.教材语篇——课文缩写填空
(黑体词是本单元核心词汇)
In Cape Town, you will witness many crimes 1.committed (commit) by animals, but there’s nothing the police can cope 2.with them.Nowadays, many wild animals are moving into cities, as if they bring our cities under their control.People often wonder about the reasons behind this mass urban migratory process, one of 3.which is that we humans have moved into their territory.Cities offer 4.increasingly (increase) appealing spaces to animals looking for new habitats.Without natural predators, the animals in cities often flourish and are easy to find plenty to eat.5.To figure (figure) out difficult problems in cities, animals need to be more intelligent.No matter 6.how some animals have even changed their living habits, many animals are still faced with fierce circumstances.Unable to distinguish between blue sky and glass, birds often crash into windows, 7.resulting (result) in many deaths.The reason is 8.that they have yet to change their migratory routes.Through this, we can get a 9.better (good) understanding of and even learn to appreciate our wild neighbours.Only then can we get rid of our 10.blindness (blind) and look towards harmoniously sharing our urban habitats.
【写作提能练——升华主题写作】
单元话题微写作——四种模式之读后续写
　　阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。
　　My teenage son, Jordan, always complained about having to be home earlier than all his friends.He would tell me that he was already seventeen, but still had a curfew (宵禁).He believed he was practically an adult.I pointed out that he was not an adult as he was still in high school.
　　“You don’t trust me!” he yelled.Before I continued, he rolled his eyes, slammed the door and walked away.I sighed.How could I make Jordan see that I only wanted to keep him safe
　　I decided to go for a walk, hoping the December air would clear my head.I opened the front door and nearly stepped on her: a small black puppy, just like a meatball.“Hi, Meatball,” I said,bringing her into my arms.I walked back in, touching her neck gently.Meatball seemed happy enough to come in the house, but after an hour or two, she sat by the door, barking to go back outside.
　　“Why won’t she just stay in with us all the time ” Nathan, my youngest son asked.
　　I explained to him that she was happy here but she liked being able to come and go as she pleased.
　　“That must be nice,” Jordan muttered from the other room, complaining why the puppy, not him, could come and go.He even asked me to give Meatball a curfew.
　　Meatball became a regular.
　　One night, temperatures were unusually low.Meatball stood at the door, barking to go outside.I shook my head at her, afraid that she might freeze to death.She stared at me and barked again.I patted her head, “I know you’re not happy, but it’s for your own good.”
　　“Mom’s not being mean to you,” Nathan told the puppy.“She’s just trying to keep you from turning into a frozen meatball.” We both laughed at his joke.
　　The next morning, I couldn’t find Meatball.I asked the kids if anyone had seen her.
注意:续写词数应为 150 个左右。
　　Jordan nodded, “I let her out last night.”_____________________________
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　　As I drove to the animal hospital, Jordan sat in the back, holding Meatball inside his coat.___________________________________________________________
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Step 1　快读文本 获取信息
1.故事发展线索:乔丹被要求早回家——天冷不允许狗出去——狗不见了——去找狗——发现狗——发现狗状态不对——送去救治——狗得救——乔丹懊悔
2.情感发展线索:抱怨(妈妈不允许乔丹晚归) ——担心(狗不见了) ——恐惧(外面天气很冷)——懊悔(狗被冻伤)
Step 2　细读首句 合理推测
1.针对续写首段段首:Jordan nodded,“I let her out last night.”设问:
(1)What is Jordan’s explanation
(2)How did they find the puppy
推测:续写的第一段首句讲的是狗被放出去。接着应该写他们去寻找的过程以及狗被找到后的状态。
2.针对续写第二段段首:As I drove to the animal hospital, Jordan sat in the back, holding Meatball inside his coat.设问:
(1)How does Jordan face the fact that the puppy is damaged
(2)What kind of feeling does the damaged puppy bring to Jordan
推测:续写的第二段首句讲的是开车去动物医院。接着应该写他们将狗送去救治的过程以及乔丹的懊悔。
Step 3　恰当用词 打造靓句
1.乔丹哽咽着收回了自己的话,惊呆了。
Jordan choked back his words,stunned.
2.乔丹紧随其后,眼中充满了恐惧。
Jordan followed,fear welling up in his eyes.
3.几分钟后,可怜的东西被发现了,颤抖着,蜷缩成一个小球。
Several minutes later, the poor thing was found,shaking and curling into a tiny ball.
4.看到它的眼睛睁开,乔丹抚摸着它的头,眼泪夺眶而出。
Seeing her eyes open, Jordan stroked her head,with all tears leaping up.
5.然后,令人惊讶的是,他转向我,为自己的所作所为道歉。
Then,surprisingly, he turned to me and apologized for what he had done.
Step 4　衔接过渡 组句成篇
　　Jordan nodded, “I let her out last night.” My mouth dropped open.“She was outside all night ” I was so furious, “It was freezing and she could die!” Jordan choked back his words, stunned.I grabbed my coat and rushed outside.Jordan followed, fear welling up in his eyes.Several minutes later, the poor thing was found, shaking and curling into a tiny ball.I picked her up, unsure whether she was alive or dead.Jordan was scared, “We need a vet! Now!”
　　As I drove to the animal hospital, Jordan sat in the back, holding Meatball inside his coat. I could hear him talking to the puppy, apologizing repeatedly.Luckily, the vet saved Meatball.Seeing her eyes open, Jordan stroked her head, with all tears leaping up.Then, surprisingly, he turned to me and apologized for what he had done.“I know you just want to keep me safe,” he murmured.I felt a lump in my throat.He rubbed Meatball’s back, “Looks like we are both going to observe the curfew.It’s for our own good.”　　Unit 3　Times change!
【Step 1 题源研读·探寻主题提升思维】
Germany is determined to develop artificial intelligence
德国决心发展人工智能
Self-learning machines are the essence of artificial intelligence (AI).While concepts already date back more than 50 years, only recently have technological advances enabled successful implementation at industrial scale.According to the McKinsey Global Institute (MGI), at least 30% of activities in 62% of German occupations can be automated, which is at a similar level as the US. Freed-up capacity can and needs to be put to new use in value-adding activities to support the health of Germany’s economy. Every job in Germany will involve working with artificial intelligence by the middle of the next decade, a senior minister has forecast.Hubertus Heil, the labour minister, said the technology could ease the country’s chronic shortages of skilled labour and streamline its bureaucracy.Ministerial speeches have praised the potential of AI but there are concerns about heavy regulation, job losses and slow adoption by businesses.Studies suggest that fewer than one in ten German companies use AI.Heil, however, argued that AI would change work rather than eliminate it.“We’re going to try to bring AI to the streets of Germany,” he told an audience in Berlin.“We want to build up people’s confidence in AI.”In recent years several reports have bemoaned the way that German universities produce world-class AI scientists and big ideas in computer science, only for them to flourish elsewhere.Several leading lights have moved to mon complaints include a restrictive approach to data and public-sector institutions that still largely run on physical documents. In April Olaf Scholz’s coalition government vowed to spend $3 billion building a quantum computer to make up ground Germany had lost to the US and China in the race for control of ultrafast processors that are expected to underpin the next generation of AI. —The Times (同源高考:2020·全国Ⅰ卷D篇阅读选自本报刊)
金榜原创 1.What does Hubertus Heil think of the future of AI (C) A.Negative.　　　　B.Doubtful. C.Optimistic. D.Ambiguous. 2.What measures will the German government take to promote the development of AI (C) A.Promote people’s confidence in AI. B.Produce more AI scientists. C.Invest much money. D.Compete with other countries. 长难句分析 In April Olaf Scholz’s coalition government vowed to spend $3 billion building a quantum computer to make up ground Germany had lost to the US and China in the race for control of ultrafast processors that are expected to underpin the next generation of AI. 分析:这是一个主从复合句,Germany had lost to the US and China in the race for control of ultrafast processors是省略连词that或which的定语从句,that引导定语从句,修饰先行词ultrafast processors。
【Step 2 考点突破·感悟经典运用提升】
提示:题干中本单元词汇加波浪线显示
【重点单词——巧积词汇】
1.sympathy n.同情
【步入经典】 一句多译/完成句子
①作为母亲, 她很高兴她的孩子学会了同情别人。
→As a mother, she was really happy that her child learned to feel sympathy for others.(用sympathy)
→As a mother, she was really happy that her child learned to be sympathetic to others.(用sympathetic)
→As a mother, she was really happy that her child learned to have mercy on others.(用mercy)
②At the thought of the best thing that I can do for Ashley, all of a sudden, a warm feeling of sympathy rose up in my heart.
一想到我能为阿什利做的最好的事,我的心里突然升起了一股温暖的同情感。
<写作运用:读后续写之心理描写>
(1)have/express/feel sympathy for... 对……表示怜悯
have mercy on... 对……表示同情; 对……表示怜悯
take pity on... 对……表示同情; 对……表示怜悯
(2)sympathetic adj.同情的
be sympathetic to... 对……表示同情
2.compete v.竞争;参加比赛
【步入经典】 单句语法填空/完成句子
①Friendship can promote competition (compete): when competing with/against other friends, they should help each other and make progress together.
②(牛津高阶词典) There are six remaining competitors (compete) for the grand prize of $50,000.
③(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)On Oct.11, hundreds of runners competed in a cross-country race in Minnesota.
④Twenty elected outstanding singers from the whole school entered the final match, and competed for the title The Top Ten Singers.
来自全校的20名优秀歌手进入决赛,角逐“十大歌手”的称号。 <写作运用:应用文写作之报道>
(1)compete in　　　　　参加……比赛;在……方面竞争
compete for sth. 为了……而竞争
compete with/against sb. 和某人比赛
(2)competition n.比赛;竞争
competitor n.竞争者;对手
competitive adj.竞争的;有竞争性的
【误区释疑】
compete多用作不及物动词, 必须跟适当的介词才能跟宾语。表示“与某人比赛”用with或against;表示比赛的目的用for;表示比赛参与的项目时用in。
3.expand v.(使)扩大;使增加
【步入经典】 单句语法填空/完成句子
①At first, our company was very small, but after purchasing some smaller ones, it soon expanded into a large one.
②It is clarified that there are plans for the expansion (expand) of our school building.
③I am busy now, so I will expand on this problem next time.
④I definitely feel that I can broaden my horizons and expand my knowledge by attending your summer school.
我绝对觉得我可以通过上你们的暑期学校来开阔视野,扩大知识面。 <写作运
用:应用文写作之申请信>
(1)expand into　　　扩展到
expand on 细说,阐述
(2)expansion n.扩张
【误区释疑】extend, spread, stretch, expand
extend 伸出,延伸,指空间范围的扩大,以及长度、宽度的向外延伸,也可指时间的延长
spread 伸开,传播,一般指向四面八方扩大传播的范围,如传播(疾病)、散布(信息)等
stretch 伸展,拉长,一般指由曲变直,由短变长的伸展,不是加长
expand 膨胀,扩大,不仅指尺寸的增加,还可指范围和体积的扩大
4.tendency n.倾向;趋势
【步入经典】 单句语法填空/完成句子/句型转换
①In contrast to her brother, she has a strong natural tendency (tend) towards caution.
②(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷) If people are similar and tend to make (make) the same errors, then their errors won’t cancel each other out.
③Having pulled the massive body of the wolf out of the stump, Brian knelt down, cleaned the wounds, and tended to the wolf together with his partners.
布赖恩从树桩里拉出一具巨大的狼的躯体后,跪下来,清理伤口,和伙伴们一起照顾狼。 <写作运用:读后续写之动作描写>
④People have a growing tendency to work at homes instead of in offices.
→There is a growing tendency for people to work at homes instead of in offices.
(1)There is a tendency for sb.towards sth./to do sth.=Sb.have/has a tendency towards sth./to do sth.　　　　　某人有做某事的倾向
(2)tend v.有……的趋势,倾向于……;照料
tend to do... 倾向于做……;往往会做……
tend (to) sb. 照顾某人
5.convincing adj.有说服力的, 使人信服的
【步入经典】 单句语法填空/完成句子/句式升级
①You can rely on him to offer us convincing (convince) evidence that smoking causes heart disease.
②He is so stubborn that you cannot convince him of the reality of the danger.
③I am firmly convinced that the slight power of every person can make our country more prosperous.
我坚定地相信每个人轻微的力量都能使我们的国家更加的繁荣。 <写作运用:读后续写之精彩结尾句>
④I believe that you like paper-cutting, so I’d like to invite you to visit the exhibition.
→Convinced that you like paper-cutting, I’d like to invite you to visit the exhibition.(形容词短语作状语) <写作运用:应用文写作之邀请信>
(1)convince　　　　　　v.使确信;使信服
convince sb.of sth. 使某人相信某事
convince sb.to do sth. 说服某人做某事
convince sb.that... 使某人相信……
(2)convinced adj.确信的
be convinced of sth. 确信;坚信;深信
be convinced that... 相信……
(3)同义词: believable adj.可相信的
credible adj.可信的
反义词: unconvincing adj.不足以令人相信的
【备选要点】
1.adaptation n.适应,改编(版)
【步入经典】 单句语法填空/完成句子/句式升级
①Although he was occupied with his work, he made a quick adaptation (adapt) to the new environment.
②The famous expert adapted his speech to suit (suit) the interests of his audience.
③Taking some online courses of spoken Chinese can motivate you to adapt (yourself) to the Chinese language environment more quickly.
参加一些网络汉语口语课程会激励你更快地适应汉语的语言环境。 <写作运
用:应用文写作之推荐信>
④So popular was the book that many people went to see the film which was adapted from it.
→So popular was the book that many people went to see the film adapted from it.(用分词短语作定语升级)
(1)adapt　　　　　 v.(使)适应;(使)适合;改编;改写
adapt to/adapt oneself to/be adapted to 适应;适合
adapt for 调整,使适合于
adapt from 根据……改写或改编
adapt sth.for sth. 把某物改编成某物
adapt...to do... 调整……以做……
(2)adaptive adj.适应的;有适应能力的
2.urgently adv.紧急地;急迫地
【步入经典】 单句语法填空/完成句子/句型转换
①I make an urgent (urge) appeal that measures should be taken to cope with the situation.
②However, urged (urge) by the strong desire to be a member of the reading club, I quickened my paces spontaneously.
③But learning that we’ll be randomly paired to do the oral practice, I feel/have an urge to express my different voice, hoping that this wouldn’t offend you.
但得知我们将随机配对进行口语练习,我有一种表达不同声音的冲动,希望这不会冒犯你。 <写作运用:应用文写作之建议信>
④Students strongly urge that the library should be kept open during the weekend.
→It is strongly urged by students that the library should be kept open during the weekend.
(1)urge 　　　　　　v.催促;极力主张;鞭策;力劝,强烈要求 n.强烈的欲望,冲动
urge sb.to do sth. 催促某人做某事
urge that...(should) do... 主张……
It is urged that...(should) do...极力主张……做某事
feel/have an urge to do sth. 有强烈的欲望做某事
(2)urgent adj.紧急的;急迫的;急切的
urgency n.紧急;迫切
【核心短语——妙积词块】
6.drop in 顺便拜访
【步入经典】 单句语法填空/完成句子
①Drop in/by/round for a cup of coffee next time you’re passing by.
②I had injured my leg and had to drop out of the race last summer.
③Sales of ice cream have begun to drop off significantly since last week now that summer is over.
④In China, red stands for beauty, life and happiness, so you can drop in on a Chinese family dressed in red.
在中国,红色代表美丽、生命和幸福,所以你可以穿红色衣服去拜访一个中国家庭。 <写作运用:应用文写作之建议信>
drop by/round　 顺便拜访
drop off 中途放下(某人);中途卸下(某物);下降;减少
drop out (of) (从……中)退出
【误区释疑】
drop in是不及物动词词组, “顺便拜访某人”要用“drop in on sb.”; “顺便拜访某地”要用“drop in at a place”。
7.take over 接管,掌管
【步入经典】 单句语法填空/完成句子
①With the development of science and technology, my hometown has taken on a new look.
②The house where I grew up has been taken down and replaced by an office building.
③He didn’t take in what he read because his mind was focused on something else.
④While I was trapped in the bottom of the boat for hours, shock and fear ran through my body until tiredness finally took over my terror/fear and I fell asleep.
当被困在船底好几个小时,我全身充满了震惊和恐惧,直到疲倦终于取代了恐惧,我睡着了。 <写作运用:读后续写之心理描写>
take down　　写下;记下;拆除
take on 从事(某项工作);雇用;呈现(面貌)
take up 拿起;接受;开始从事;继续;占用(时间、空间等)
take off (飞机)起飞;脱掉(衣服等);突然成功;(事业等)腾飞
take in 吸收;欺骗;理解
【经典句型——速积表达】
8.Users of emojis say that they facilitate the way in which we communicate and express ourselves.表情符号的用户说, 它们促进了我们交流和表达自己的方式。
【步入经典】 单句语法填空/完成句子
①The way that/which came up at the meeting was unpractical.
②School activities are usually considered a good way to make/of making new friends and develop/developing new interests.
学校活动通常被认为是一种不错的交友和培养新的兴趣的方法。
③Something that happens in your daily life will change the way (that/in which) you look at the world and the people in it.
你日常生活中发生的事情会改变你看待世界和人们的方式。
(1)way表示“方式,方法”时,其后常接in which或that引导的定语从句,也可以将关系词in which或that省略掉,此时关系词在从句中作状语。
(2)way后接定语从句时,如果关系词在从句中作主语或宾语则用关系代词that/which,作宾语时可以省略,作主语时不可省略。
(3)way表示“方式,方法”时,其后还可接不定式或of doing sth.形式, 意为“做……的方式/方法”。
9.It made me realize that the bookstore and all that Old Casey had given to the community could soon disappear for good.这让我意识到书店和老凯西给社区的一切, 很快就会永远消失。
【步入经典】 单句语法填空/完成句子
①He is the only student in the class that has been selected to take part in the Model United Nations Conference.
②Sometimes we should bravely ignore the persons and things that upset us.
③The way they waved at you excitedly as you drove past is something that I have never experienced.
当你开车经过时,他们兴奋地向你挥手的样子是我从未经历过的。
④(2023·全国甲卷改编) One of his greatest achievements that he had made was that he discovered the source of the Jinsha River, and proved it to be the source of the Yangtze River.
他实现的最伟大的成就之一就是他发现了金沙江的源头并证明了金沙江是长江的源头。 <写作运用:应用文写作之人物介绍>
定语从句中只用that的情况:
(1)当先行词是much, little, none, all, few, every(thing), any(thing), no(thing) 等或被它们修饰时;
(2)当先行词被形容词最高级或序数词(包括last, next等)修饰时;
(3)当先行词被the very, the only, the same 等修饰时;
(4)当先行词是一个既指人又指物的并列词组时;
(5)当主句是以who, which开头的特殊疑问句或先行词是who, which要避免重复时。
【Step 3 进阶演练·强化基础素养落实】
【基础全面练——练透单元要点】
Ⅰ.语境填空——练熟高频词汇
1.A complex engine has many separate components (compose), each performing a different function.
2.The woman gave her neighbour a nudge and whispered urgently (urgent) in his ear.
3.All the rooms in this building are so well designed that they are accessible (access) to the disabled.
4.The runway of this airport is undergoing expansion (expand) to accommodate large planes.
5.I came to London with the intention (intend) of studying English literature.
6.You don’t have to work very hard to figure out what these different facial (face) expressions mean.
7.The room has been empty for a long time and all the furniture is dusty (dust).
8.To test the effect of social (society) influence on eating habits, the researchers conducted two experiments and came to the convincing (convince) results.
9.Because of the confidence she inspired in me, I’ve carved out a successful occupation (occupy) as a journalist (journal).
10.Our class won the first prize in the English oral competition (compete) held this Monday, through which we learned that making a quick adaptation (adapt) to the new competitive (compete) environment plays an important part.
Ⅱ.完成句子——活用短语句式
1.让我们告别刷手机的习惯,花一些宝贵的时间和家人在一起。
Let’s wave goodbye to the habit of checking phones and spend some valuable time with our family.
2.我心中有一个疑团,百思不得其解,然后突然想出了一条妙计。
I have in mind some doubts which really puzzle me, and then a wonderful idea has just popped up.
3.当这位老化学家无法继续进行实验时,他的助手接替了他的工作。
When the old chemist was unable to go on with the experiment, his assistant took it over.
4.如果我们不能解决这个问题,许多城市将有被垃圾包围的趋势。
If we can’t deal with the problem, many cities will have a tendency to be surrounded by garbage.
5.当我偶然到珍妮家串门时,她正巧在电话簿上查找我的电话号码。
Jenny happened to be looking up my phone number in the directory when I dropped in at her house.
6.但也许最重要的是人们与自然和谐相处的方式,建造这些梯田并种植水稻。
But perhaps what is the most significant is the way(that/in which) people have worked in harmony with nature to make these terraces and grow rice.
7.他对在展览会上看到的所有事物都感兴趣。
He was interested in all that he had seen at the exhibition.
Ⅲ.教材语篇——课文缩写填空
(黑体词是本单元核心词汇)
The day I heard that the Rainbow Bookstore was closing after 50 years of business, I was heartbroken.The bookstore was the only place 1.that anyone could drop in at to connect through their love of books.
I hurried to the store 2.urgently (urgent) and had a long chat with Casey, the store’s elderly owner.3.Sighing (sigh) deeply, he told me how it was becoming difficult to run an independent bookstore in such a 4.competitive (compete) market.Childhood memories came back to me so clearly, as if the events 5.had happened (happen) only yesterday.
A few months later, I was surprised to see that the Rainbow Bookstore 6.was taken (take) over by a saleswoman.The bookstore has changed in the way in which its business has been expanded beyond imagination.7.Clearly (clear), the Rainbow Bookstore was in good, creative hands.
I joined Casey, who was looking up at the screen on which readers’ comments kept 8.popping (pop) up.“Well, as you can see, corporate knowledge 9.combined (combine) with creativity has paved 10.the way and brought my humble bookstore into the 21st century!”
【写作提能练——升华主题写作】
单元话题微写作——四种模式之读后续写
阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Last Saturday, Jordon was taking a walk in the park near his home when he noticed a woman with a boy of about seven years old.When Jordon passed them, he heard the woman yell, “How stupid you are! You are good at nothing.” Jordon stopped and looked at the little boy.The boy said nothing.He just stood there, looking upset.
Jordon was reminded of his English teacher Mrs Mary in middle school.After he entered middle school, Jordon lacked self-confidence because he was often made fun of by others.He was often told that he was good at nothing, which Jordon believed.But one day it all changed.One day, in an English writing class, Mrs Mary asked them to read a novel.They were asked to write a new chapter of the novel after they finished reading the book.A few days later, Jordon handed in his story.He didn’t give it much thought.But the next day to his surprise, the comment “well done” from Mrs Mary came into view the moment he turned to the page where the story was written.When Jordon read that, he almost burst into tears.He never expected to be praised one day.He suddenly gained some self-confidence.That day after he returned home, he wrote a short story and gave it to Mrs Mary the next morning.And again he was praised.
Jordon became very interested in writing.He often wrote short stories and asked Mrs Mary to read them and correct them for him.Mrs Mary always corrected them for him.Mrs Mary always corrected the mistakes he had made and gave him good advice to improve them.One year later, Jordon joined the school newspaper and became an editor of it.He was no longer that boy who lacked self-confidence.He gained his confidence and was hopeful about his future.He succeeded in entering college and kept writing.Several years after graduating from college, he had his first book published.With some more books coming out, he became famous as a writer in his country.And he owed his success to Mrs Mary’s encouragement.Without her encouragement, his life might be very different now.
注意:续写词数应为 150 个左右。
Inspired by his own life story, Jordon decided to do something for that boy.
____________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
　　The mother was ashamed when she heard that.
____________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Step 1　快读文本 获取信息
1.故事发展线索:认出Jordon开始聊天——Jordon讲述自己的经历——女人感到惭愧——转变态度——女人和小男孩离开——Jordon希望自己的行为起作用
2.情感发展线索:共情(小时候相似的经历)——决心(决定帮助小男孩)——羞愧(对孩子产生误解)——宽慰(母亲幡然醒悟)
Step 2　细读首句 合理推测
1.针对续写第一段段首:Inspired by his own life story, Jordon decided to do something for that boy.设问:
(1)Would the woman like to communicate with Jordon
(2)What did Jordon decide to do to help the boy
推测:续写的第一段首句讲的是Jordon受到自己生活故事的启发,可知第一段可描写Jordon是如何帮助那个男孩的。
2.针对续写第二段段首:The mother was ashamed when she heard that.设问:
(1)Would the woman want to change her attitude to the boy
(2)How would the woman treat her son in the future
推测:续写的第二段首句讲的是那位母亲听到Jordon的话感到很惭愧,可知第二段可描写听了Jordon的话后母亲的感悟。
Step 3　恰当用词 打造靓句
1.He went to the woman,who immediately recognized him because she had read his books and seen his pictures.
他走到那个女人面前,她立刻认出了他,因为她读过他的书,看过他的照片。
2.He told her that what she said to her boy was not appropriate.
他告诉她,她对儿子说的话不恰当。
3.I couldn’t have become a writer if I had believed I was good at nothing.
如果我认为自己什么都不擅长,我就不可能成为一名作家。
4.She realized that she shouldn’t have called her son stupid, which would make him lose confidence in himself.
她意识到她不应该说她的儿子愚蠢,这会让他对自己失去信心。
5.Looking at the back of the boy, Jordan felt relieved, hoping his action could make some difference to the boy.
看着男孩的背影,Jordon松了一口气,希望他的行为能给男孩带来一些改变。
Step 4　衔接过渡 组句成篇
Inspired by his own life story, Jordan decided to do something for that boy.He went to the woman, who immediately recognized him because she had read his books and seen his pictures.Jordan started to chat with her.He told her that what she said to her boy was not appropriate.Then he told her about the encouragement he once got from Mrs Mary.In the end, he said, “I couldn’t have become a writer if I had believed I was good at nothing.”
The mother was ashamed when she heard that.She realized that she shouldn’t have called her son stupid, which would make him lose confidence in himself.So she said, “Thank you for your advice.I’ll never say such things to him again.Instead, I’ll find out what he’s good at and encourage him.” The woman then left with the boy.Looking at the back of the boy, Jordan felt relieved, hoping his action could make some difference to the boy.Unit 5　A delicate world
【Step 1　题源研读·探寻主题提升思维】
Invasive species cost humans $423bn each year and threaten world’s diversity
入侵物种每年给人类造成4 230亿美元的损失,并威胁到世界的多样性
　　Invasive species are costing the world at least $423bn every year and have become a leading threat to the diversity of life on Earth, according to a UN assessment.From invasive mice that eat seabird chicks in their nests to non-native grasses that helped fuel and intensify deadly fires in Hawaii, at least 3,500 harmful invasive species have been recorded globally in every region, spread by human travel and trade.Their impact is destructive for humans and wildlife, sometimes causing extinctions and permanently damaging the healthy functioning of an ecosystem. 　　The expert assessment found that there were a wide range of options to combat the spread and impact of invasive species, one of the targets agreed at biodiversity Cop15 in Montreal in this decade’s global targets. 　　Eradication programmes on islands, which are disproportionately affected by the spread of invasive species, have had an 88% success rate, according to the report.Examples include Redonda, a mile long rock that is part of Antigua and Barbuda in the Caribbean, where native vegetation, birds and reptiles burst back into life once invasive black rats and feral goats were removed in 2017, transforming the barren grey rock into a green island once again. 　　“We want to highlight that the thing that works the best is prevention.That’s the main message.It’s much more cost-effective to prevent the introduction of invasive species such as taking bio-security measures, border controls and risk analysis of non-native species that are being introduced intentionally,” said Prof Peter Stoett, who led the research. —The Guardian (同源高考:2020·全国Ⅲ卷C篇阅读选自本报刊)
金榜原创 1.How does the first paragraph develop (A) A.By giving examples. B.By making comparisons. C.By providing explanations. D.By examining differences. 2.What will be most probably talked about next (D) A.The influence by the spread of invasive species. B.Other choices to deal with invasive species. C.Getting rid of all invasive species. D.Prevention of the introduction of invasive species. 长难句分析 From invasive mice that eat seabird chicks in their nests to non-native grasses that helped fuel and intensify deadly fires in Hawaii, at least 3,500 harmful invasive species have been recorded globally in every region, spread by human travel and trade. 分析:这是一个主从复合句,第一个that引导定语从句,修饰先行词mice,第二个that引导定语从句,修饰先行词grasses,spread by human travel and trade为过去分词短语作定语,修饰harmful invasive species。
【Step 2　考点突破·感悟经典运用提升】
提示:题干中本单元词汇加波浪线显示
【重点单词——巧积词汇】
1.decrease v.(使)减少;(使)变小n.减少;降低
【步入经典】 单句语法填空/同义句转换/完成句子
①The operation must be carefully planned so that the loss of blood would be decreased to a minimum.
②Their salaries decrease annually by one hundred dollars.
③The number of cyclists running traffic lights is decreasing.
→The number of cyclists running traffic lights is on the decrease.
④If your goal is to decrease risk of death and improve life expectancy, jogging a few times a week at a moderate pace is a good strategy.
如果你的目标是降低死亡风险,延长预期寿命,每周以适中的速度慢跑几次是一个不错的策略。 <写作运用:应用文写作之建议信>
(1)decrease to...　 　　 下降到/减少到……
decrease by... 下降了/减少了……
decrease from...to... 从……下降到……
(2)increase v.&n.增加, 增长
increase to... 增加到/增长到……
increase by... 增加了/增长了……
(3)a decrease/an increase in... ……减少/增加
on the decrease/increase 在减少/在增加
2.trap v.使陷入困境n.夹子;陷阱
【步入经典】 单句语法填空/完成句子/句式升级
①Vehicles go faster than ever, but they remain trapped (trap) in traffic jams.
②The man trapped him into giving (give) away the business secret.
③Suddenly, he was trapped in the mud, then struggled hard but couldn’t get out.He screamed for help, but all in vain.
突然,他被困在泥里,然后奋力挣扎,却出不去。他大声呼救,但都无济于事。 <写作运用:读后续写之动作描写>
④When I was trapped in the dense mist, I could do nothing but burst into tears, helpless and disappointed.
→Trapped in the dense mist, I could do nothing but burst into tears, helpless and disappointed.(用分词作状语升级) <写作运用:读后续写之心理描写>
(1)fall into a trap　　　 落入圈套
(2)be trapped in 被困在……
trap sb.into doing sth. 设圈套诱使某人做某事
3.endangered adj.濒危的;濒临灭绝的
【步入经典】 单句语法填空/完成句子
①With the assistance of an experienced tutor, outdoor survival training would not endanger (danger) our lives.
②Only when we make efforts to set up as many natural reserves as possible can we protect endangered (endanger) animals.
③With there being barely four inches of air left for them to breathe, they came to terrifying realization that they were in danger.
④ I was seized by a strong sense of horror, my palms sweating and I wondered whether I could be out of danger.
我被一种强烈的恐惧感所控制,手掌冒汗,不知道自己是否能脱离危险。 <写作运用:读后续写之心理描写>
(1)endanger　 vt.危及;危害
(2)danger n.危险
in danger 处于危险中
out of danger 脱离危险
(3)dangerous adj.危险的
4.departure　n.离开;(航班等)出发
【步入经典】 单句语法填空/完成句子
① (牛津高阶词典) Departing from her usual routine, she took the bus to work.
②The train to Beijing will depart from Platform 6 in five minutes.
③With the moment of our departure (depart) arriving, we loaded suitcases, books, camping equipment, and a tent into the car and bravely drove off.
④Numb with terror, she stared at the departing masked robbers.
她吓得呆若木鸡,眼睁睁地看着蒙面劫匪们离去。 <写作运用:读后续写之心理描写>
(1)departure from...　从……离开
(2)depart v.离开;起程;动身;出发;违反
depart from... 离开……,从……出发;违反,背离
(3)department n.系;部;司;局
5.owe v.应该做;对……负有……的义务;欠(债;钱;人情等);应给予;把……归功于……
【步入经典】 单句语法填空/完成句子/一句多译
①Owing to the effective prevention, no more people are infected with the infectious virus.
②I owe you an apology for not going to the bookstore with you on Friday afternoon.
周五下午我未能和你一起去书店,我应向你道歉。 <写作运用:应用文写作之道歉信>
③我把在英语学习方面取得的巨大进步归功于你的合理建议。
→I owe my great progress in English learning to your reasonable advice.
→I owe it to your reasonable advice that I have made great progress in English learning. <写作运用:应用文写作之感谢信>
(1)owe...to...　　　 把……归功于……
owe sb.sth.=owe sth.to sb. 欠某人某物;把……归功于某人
owe(...)for... 欠(……)……钱
owe it to sb.that... 多亏某人……
owe thanks to sb. 应感谢某人
owe sb.an apology 应向某人道歉
(2)owing to=because of/due to/thanks to 幸亏, 由于, 因为
6.comparison n.比较
【步入经典】 单句语法填空/句型转换/完成句子
①In comparison (compare) with other comedians, Chaplin was not only a genius, but was among the most influential figures in film history.
②I compared the copy with the original, but there was not much difference.
③If you compare the two methods carefully, you will find the deep divisions.
→Careful comparison of the two methods will show you the deep divisions.
④Also, compared with reading, listening to books is more friendly to our over-used eyes.
此外,与阅读相比,听书对我们过度使用的眼睛更友好。 <写作运用:应用文写作之建议信>
(1)in comparison with...　　 与……比较
beyond/without comparison 无与伦比的
(2)compare v.比较;对比
compare...with... 把……和……相比
compare...to... 把……比作……
compared with/to... 与……相比
(3)comparable adj.可比较的
【核心短语——妙积词块】
7.on behalf of 代表;为了
【步入经典】 单句语法填空/完成句子
①People believe that two “nines” meeting together stand for a long life.
②My husband could not be here tonight, but I want to thank you on his behalf.
③It is a great honor to be on behalf of/to represent our school to inform you that we’ll invite you to see an English short film named Growing Together, which is about the development of our school.
很荣幸能代表我们学校通知你,我们将邀请你观看一部关于我们学校发展的英文短片《一起成长》。 <写作运用:应用文写作之通知>
(1)on behalf of sb.=on sb.’s behalf 代表某人
(2)represent vt.代表,象征(用来表示代表某人/某个团体/政府等)
(3)stand for 代表,象征(往往用来表示字母、数字、符号等代表/象征什么)
8.participate in 参加, 加入
【步入经典】 单句语法填空/完成句子
①The problems of global warming cannot be solved without the participation (participate) of all countries.
②The participants (participate) not only broadened their horizons but also relaxed themselves physically and mentally.
③Last Sunday witnessed my participating in a meaningful activity named “Getting to Know the Plants around Us” organized by the Students’ Union.
上周日我参加了学生会组织的一次有意义的活动:“认识我们身边的植物”。
<写作运用:应用文写作之物称主语句>
(1)participate　　　v.参与, 参加
(2)participant n.参与者
(3)participation n.参与
9.die out 灭绝
【步入经典】 单句语法填空/完成句子
①Without joint efforts, the living environment will become worse and worse;many species may gradually die out.
②My face flushed red and I stared at my feet, feeling that I would have died of embarrassment.
③To our relief, the wind gradually died away, but few hours later another storm blew up and our ship took an even greater battering.
令我们宽慰的是,风渐渐地消失了,但几个小时后又刮起了一场风暴,我们的船遭受了更大的撞击。 <写作运用:读后续写之场景描写>
④I am dying to have/for the chance to be a volunteer.I do hope you can offer me the precious opportunity.
我渴望有机会成为一名志愿者。我的确希望你能给我这个宝贵的机会。 <写作运用:应用文写作之申请信>
die away 　　　　 (声音、风、光线等)渐息;渐弱
die of 死于(疾病、衰老、饥饿、悲伤等自身原因)
die from 死于 (意外等外部原因)
(be) dying to 极想;渴望
be dying for sth. 渴望/想要某物
【备选要点】
out of control 失去控制;无法管理
【步入经典】 同义句转换/一句多译
①There’s no need to flap─I’ve taken control of everything.
→There’s no need to flap─I’ve got everything under control.
②他试图刹车,但车无法控制,这让他陷入了恐惧和绝望之中。
→He tried to brake the car, but it was beyond control, causing him overcome by fear and despair.
→He tried to brake the car, but it was out of control, causing him overcome by fear and despair.
→He tried to brake the car, but he lost control of it, causing him overcome by fear and despair. <写作运用:读后续写之心理描写>
in control of　　　　 控制……
in the control of 由……控制,被……控制
under control 在控制之中
under the control of... 在……的控制下
beyond control 无法控制
lose control of 失去对……的控制
take control of 控制……
bring...under control 使……处于控制之下
【经典句型——速积表达】
10.Nor would they fail to imagine how its native inhabitants, including royal penguins, king penguins, and elephant seals, existed in perfect harmony with their natural habitat for thousands of years.他们也会去想象岛上的栖息动物,包括皇家企鹅、帝企鹅和象海豹,是如何与自然栖息地和谐共存数千年的。
【步入经典】 完成句子/句式升级
①Not only does bike-sharing give us a chance to exercise, but also it helps to decrease the use of private cars.共享单车不仅给了我们一个锻炼的机会,而且有助于减少私家车的使用。
②Never had I had such a thrilling yet dangerous vacation before.The special trip to the Wild West was deeply engraved in my mind.
我以前从未有过如此惊险而又危险的假期。狂野西部之旅深深地刻在我的脑海里。
③I felt so proud that I shared housework with my parents, which also showed I had grown up.
→So proud did I feel that I shared housework with my parents, which also showed I had grown up.
下列情况需使用部分倒装:
(1)表示否定意义的词或短语位于句首时,应使用部分倒装。
(2)用于so开头的句子,意义是“也,也是”时。
(3)so/such...that...句型中,当so/such和that之间的部分位于句首时,需用部分倒装。
(4)“only+状语”位于句首时要用部分倒装。
(5)当 as引导让步状语时,要用部分倒装;though引导让步状语时,可以用部分倒装,也可以不倒装。
(6)在某些表示祝愿的句型中要用部分倒装。
11.No visitor would think it surprising that the island is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
没有游客会对这个岛是联合国教科文组织的世界遗产感到惊讶。
【步入经典】 单句语法填空/完成句子
①Transferred to this new school in a foreign country, Jonah felt it difficult to tackle (tackle) language barriers.
②Sitting in the guestroom, I found it really blissful to be accompanied (accompany) by our beloved ones.
③I’d appreciate it if you could take my tips into account and I do hope that your paper will make a difference to environmental protection.
如果你考虑我的建议我将感激不尽,我的确希望你们的报纸将会对环境保护有所影响。 <写作运用:应用文写作之建议信>
④The thick smoke prevented him from seeing anything, burned his eyes, and made it impossible to breathe.
浓烟使他看不见任何东西,灼伤了他的眼睛,使他无法呼吸。 <写作运用:读后续写之场景描写>
下列四种情况须用it 作形式宾语:
(1)当不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)或从句在复合宾语结构中作某些动词(如think, make, find, consider, feel, suppose等)的宾语时。
(2)某些表示“喜、怒、哀、乐”的动词, 如appreciate, enjoy, like, dislike, love, hate, prefer等,往往不能直接接宾语从句。
(3)that引导的宾语从句不能直接作介词的宾语。
(4)由及物动词与介词组成的固定搭配中,宾语从句若作该动词的宾语时,须借用it。
【Step 3　进阶演练·强化基础素养落实】
【基础全面练——练透单元要点】
Ⅰ.语境填空——练熟高频词汇
1.Since he is often ignored by his colleagues, he rarely (rare) has the opportunity to show his ability.
2.It’s apparently (apparent) rare for it to be this hot in April.
3.The Beatles were described as a British invasion (invade) by local and nationwide newspapers at that time.
4.A board inside the airport shows arrivals and departures (depart).
5.By now, the number of the workers in that factory has decreased by 12 percent.
6.By opening a novel, I can leave behind my burdens and enter into a wonderful and mysterious (mystery) world where I am now a new character.
7.Those trapped (trap) in the burning building managed to escape before the roof collapsed (collapse).
8.It is difficult to make a comparison (compare) with her previous book—there are wide variations (vary) caused by different cultural background.
9.With further heavy financial intervention (intervene) developed, the number of homeless people has reduced dramatically (drama).
10.This is the story of wildlife conservation (conserve) in an age when the endangered (endanger) wildlife is on the decrease.
Ⅱ.完成句子——活用短语句式
1.双方的谈判因为他们的缺席而迟缓下来。
The progress of negotiation between the two sides has slowed down owing to their absence.
2.在森林大火几乎失去控制时突然下起了大雨,化险为夷。
The forest fire was nearly out of control when suddenly it rained heavily and saved the day.
3.我的女儿们渴望得到一盒巧克力,而我的妻子则渴望看到展览。
My daughters are dying for a box of chocolates, while my wife is dying to see the exhibit.
4.我认为将学生随机分为两人一组练习口语不是个好主意。
I don’t think it a good idea to randomly pair up students for the spoken English training class.
5.更糟糕的是,我们几乎没有时间和我们的父母和朋友合作。 我们也没有时间进行体育锻炼。
Worse still, we have little time to collaborate with our parents and friends, and nor do we have time for physical exercise.
Ⅲ.教材语篇——课文缩写填空
(黑体词是本单元核心词汇)
　　Macquarie Island is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.But when humans arrived on the island in 1810, a tragic story began.Rats and mice were brought 1.by accident that quickly took over the island.2.Subsequently (subsequence), cats were brought to the island to control rats and mice, but they developed an appetite for the birds, too.Apart from cats, rabbits were also introduced to the island as a kind of food for humans.However, 3.owing (owe) to the explosion of rabbits and soil erosion, the number of cats which ate rabbits and birds increased too.
　　To remove all the rabbits from the island, a virus was released onto the island and as the rabbits were on 4.the decrease, cats began to eat more native birds.In the 1980s, the cats 5.were trapped (trap) in and eaten by dogs, which resulted in the 6.dramatically (drama) increasing number of mice and rats again.Meanwhile, the remaining rabbits developed an immunity to the virus, and their numbers 7.multiplied (multiply) once again and were out of control.People found 8.it urgent to solve the rat, mouse and rabbit problem once and for all.So, I am here 9.to participate (participate) in the programme to tackle this problem.But this 10.intervention (intervene) is a long, much-delayed ending to a sad story.
【写作提能练——升华主题写作】
单元话题微写作——四种模式之应用文补全短文
　　假如你是学生会主席李华,请你代表学校写一篇保护环境的英语演讲稿,号召同学们从我做起,从身边的小事做起,共同保护环境。(根据文中的提示,使用本单元词汇与句型补全短文。)
Hello, everyone,
　　It’s an honor for me to make a speech 1.on behalf of (代表) our school.Recently, I find that there are some issues on environmental protection.For example, some people don’t care about the 2.environmental conservation (环境保护) so they throw plastic bags everywhere.Additionally, 3.owing to (由于) the destruction of habitats, many animals are losing their homes to live in.As a result, the population of many endangered animals is 4.on the decrease (正在下降), and some of them are even 5.dying out (灭绝).
　　I 6.think it essential (认为……极其重要) for us to create a healthy, harmonious, stimulating environment.Only when we take action to protect the earth, 7.will we enjoy (我们能够享有) a more harmonious environment in the future.So, I call on students to 8.participate in (参加) voluntary work to jointly protect the environment.
　　Thank you for your listening.Unit 2　Improving yourself
【Step 1 题源研读·探寻主题提升思维】
Get paid $1,000 to digital detox in nature
在大自然参加数字脱瘾者可获得1 000美元报酬
The Salt Lake City-based company has taken it upon itself to provide a respite from tech to one lucky applicant in the form of a 48-hour dream job.The randomly selected winner will receive $1,000 for going 48 hours without technology of any sort. The catch—or is it the bonus —is that the 48 hours must take place in an RV (and its surroundings) in a US national park.The RV will not be provided, but the cost to rent (up to $1,000) will be reimbursed, separate from the $1,000 for completing the detox.Tim Tincher, staff researcher, says they did something similar last year, but the winner had to stay in the Joshua Tree National Park, not choose from the US parks. Tim Tincher says, “We know that staying connected has become more important than ever but that doesn’t mean we’re still prone to too much screen time.” The selected detoxer must be 25 years or older, have a valid driver’s license and be eligible to work in the US.A winner will be chosen on September 23, at 11:59 p.m.; dates of travel are up to the individual. Technology will be allowed to reach the destination—and any national park can be chosen—but once the RV’s campsite is accessed, the phone and computer and whatever other pieces of tech you’re addicted to,will be prohibited. The winner does not have to brave the elements alone, however.Tincher says they are free to bring along whoever they choose. At the end of the 48-hour digital detox, Satellite Internet will provide a mobile hotspot for you to share your digital detox experience online. —https://edition.cnn.com/ (同源高考:2023·全国甲卷A篇阅读选自本网站)
金榜原创 1.Why is the dream job offered by the Salt Lake City-based company (C) A.To select detoxer. B.To get high income. C.To break away from technology. D.To provide a mobile service. 2.Who won’t be selected to get the job (D) A.Those aged 35. B.Those with driver’s license. C.Those able to work in the US. D.Those enjoying travelling. 长难句分析 Technology will be allowed to reach the destination—and any national park can be chosen—but once the RV’s campsite is accessed, the phone and computer and whatever other pieces of tech you’re addicted to, will be prohibited. 分析:这是一个主从复合句,once the RV’s campsite is accessed,...addicted to是once引导的条件状语从句,其中包括whatever引导的让步状语从句和省略that或which的定语从句you’re addicted to。 一词多义 ①The only access to the farmhouse is across the fields. 通道 ②Students must have access to good resources.机会,权利 ③Someone has illegally accessed and misused confidential security files. 存取,访问 ④The loft can be accessed by a ladder. 进入;使用
【Step 2 考点突破·感悟经典运用提升】
提示:题干中本单元词汇加波浪线显示
【重点单词——巧积词汇】
1.security n.安全
【步入经典】 单句语法填空/完成句子
①Rest brought him new confidence and almost a feeling of security (secure).
②They built a ten-foot high fence to secure the house against/from burglary.
③Feeling secure about the situation of the river course, Alex and Maria swam across the river, pulled themselves onto the dock,and fixed the other side of the log with branches and rocks.
对河道的情况感到安全,亚历克斯和玛丽亚游过了河,爬上码头,用树枝和石头固定住了原木的另一边。 <写作运用:读后续写之动作描写>
secure adj.稳定的,安全的,牢靠的vt.使安全;保卫
be secure against/from 　　 没有……的危险
feel/be secure about 对……觉得放心
2.switch v.(用开关)改变, 转换n.开关,电闸;转变
【步入经典】 单句语法填空/完成句子
①(2023·浙江1月高考) I experienced this when I started switching to a zero waste lifestyle five years ago,as I was living with my parents.
②Instantly it gets dark, electronic timers automatically switch on the lights.
③(牛津高阶词典)Do you think she’ll notice if I switch my glass with hers
④My father put on the blinker, pulled off the road, switched off the engine, and waited for the officer to approach.
我父亲打开车子的闪光灯,把车开到路边停下,关闭了引擎,等待着那位警察靠近。 <写作运用:读后续写之动作描写>
switch on (=turn on)　　打开(电灯、电视等)
switch off(=turn off) 关上(电灯、电视等)
switch (from...) to... (从……)转变/换为……
switch sth. with sth. 把……与……更换
3.motivate v.激发, 激励
【步入经典】 单句语法填空/完成句子
①(朗文词典) Aspirations, a sense of how we can realise our potential, give us power and motivation (motivate).
②More than that, how should you lay aside fear and stay motivated (motivate) to achieve the goal
③He is really motivated by this role model and has a positive attitude to his future life.
④Moved to tears, I determined to learn piano lessons by heart and my memory of grandma motivated me to practice day and night.
我感动得流下了眼泪,决心用心学习钢琴,对奶奶的记忆激励我夜以继日地练习。<写作运用:读后续写之心理描写>
(1)motivate sb.to do sth.　 激励某人做某事
be motivated by sth. 被某事激励/驱使
(2)motivation n.激励
motivated adj.积极的,主动的
(3)同义词: inspire v.鼓舞;激励
encourage v.鼓舞;激励
4.occupy v.占领; 占用,占去,占据(时间、空间等); 居住; 使从事; 使忙于
【步入经典】 写出句中黑体部分的含义/单句语法填空/句式升级
①(2023·全国甲卷) Grizzly bears, which may grow to about 2.5 m long and weigh over 400 kg, occupy a conflicted corner of the American psyche... 占据,占用
②With their chins on their hands, they occupy themselves by staring out of the window or up at the ceiling. 使忙碌
③This man was so much occupied (occupy) that he did not even raise his head at the little prince’s arrival.
④Because they were occupied in making and selling popcorn, they spared no time to play around.
→Occupying themselves in making and selling popcorn,they spared no time to play around.(用动词-ing形式作状语升级)
→Occupied in making and selling popcorn,they spared no time to play around.(用过去分词短语作状语升级)
(1)occupy oneself with sth./in doing sth. 从事于……;忙于……;专心于……
be occupied in doing sth./with sth. 忙于(做)某事
keep sb.occupied 使某人忙碌
(2)occupation n.占领;职业;消遣
5.access n.接触的机会;(使用或见到的)机会, 权利;通道, 入口 v.使用;到达;访问
【步入经典】 单句语法填空/完成句子/一句多译
①It is evident to me that she’s very accessible (access).
②One reason for our preference for city life is that we can easily access places like shops and restaurants.
我们喜欢城市生活的一个原因是,我们可以方便地进入商店和餐馆等地方。 <写作运用:应用文写作之演讲稿>
③我强烈建议每个高中生都可以容易地接触到各种各样的优秀刊物。
→I strongly recommend that varied excellent publications should be easily accessible to every high school student.(accessible)
→I strongly recommend that every high school student should have easy access to varied excellent publications.(access) <写作运用:应用文写作之演讲稿>
(1)have/gain/get (easy/hard) access to (容易/难)接近、会见、进入、使用……
without access to 使用/享受不到
(2)accessible adj.可接近的;可进入的;可使用的
be accessible to... 能接近……;可使用……
6.considerate adj.体贴的;体谅的;考虑周到的;替他人着想的
【步入经典】 单句语法填空/完成句子
①You are so kind and considerate (consider), and as a consequence, we hope to be friends with you no matter where you are.
②All the staff in our company are considering going (go) to the city centre for the fashion show.
③As is known to us all, Columbus is considered to have discovered (discover) the great land of America.
④Should it be possible, I truly hope you can take my suggestions into consideration.
如果有可能的话,我真的希望你能考虑我的建议。 <写作运用:应用文写作之建
议信>
(1)consider 　　　　　 v.考虑;把(某人,某事)看作……,认为;细想
consider doing 考虑做……
consider sb.to be/as... 认为某人是……
sb.be considered to have done sth. 认为某人已经做了某事
consider+疑问词+不定式　 考虑……
consider+it+adj./n.+to do 认为做某事……
(2)consideration n.仔细考虑
take sth.into consideration 把……考虑在内;考虑到;顾及
7.promote v.促进,增进;提升;推销
【步入经典】 单句语法填空/同义句转换
①Students who pass the test will be promoted to the next grade, as has been announced.
②They ran a sales promotion (promote) scheme in which a World Cup coin was given away with every four gallons of petrol purchased.
③After the election, Jack got a higher position in the large company via many years of hard work.
→After the election, Jack got/was promoted in the large company via many years of hard work.(promote v.)
→After the election, Jack got/won/gained promotion in the large company via many years of hard work.(promotion n.)
(1)promotion　　　　 　 n.提升,晋级;(商品等的)促销,推销
get/win/gain promotion 获得晋升
(2)promoter n.促进者,助长者
(3)promote sb.from sth.to sth. 把某人从某职位提升到某职位
be promoted to 被提升为
【备选要点】
equip v.使有知识和技能, 使能够胜任
【步入经典】 单句语法填空/句式升级
①Members of staff should make a commitment to learn the use of different fire equipment (equip).
②We want our children to receive a good education, which will not only improve their competence but also equip them to prepare (prepare) for future life.
③It is dangerous to go with a group of people, none of whom were correctly equipped for such a climb.
④My English teacher is equipped with rich knowledge and interesting teaching methods, so he is very popular among us students.
→Equipped with rich knowledge and interesting teaching methods, my English teacher is very popular among us students.(用分词短语作状语升级) <写作运用:应用文写作之人物介绍>
(1)equip...with...　 以……装备……;使……具备……
be equipped with... 装备/具有……
equip sb./sth.for 为……而武装某人;为……而装备某物
be equipped to do sth. 能够胜任做某事
(2)equipment n.装备,设备(不可数名词)
a piece of equipment 一件设备
【核心短语——妙积词块】
8.rely on 依靠, 依赖
【步入经典】 单句语法填空/一句多译
①We rely on him finishing (finish) the work today.
②(朗文词典) Eating sensibly and taking regular exercise is a fairly reliable (rely) method of losing weight.
③当人们遇到困难时,他们可以依靠慈善机构为他们提供一些及时的援助。
→When people are in trouble, they can rely on/upon charities to offer them some timely aid.(rely on/upon sb./sth. to do)
→When people are in trouble, they can rely on/upon it that charities can offer them some timely aid.(rely on/upon it that...) <写作运用:应用文写作之演讲稿>
(1)rely on/upon　　 依赖,依靠
rely on sb. doing sth. 依赖某人做某事
rely on it that... 相信……;指望……
(2)reliable adj.可信赖的, 可依靠的
(3)同义短语:
depend on/upon 依靠, 依赖;取决于
count on/upon 依靠, 依赖
【误区释疑】
介词on后边通常不能直接跟that引导的宾语从句,需要用it作形式宾语再接宾语从句。
9.turn over　翻身, 翻转;移交;仔细考虑
【步入经典】 单句语法填空/完成句子
①More than ten policemen turned up at the spot where the accident happened.
②He turned down the job because it involved too much travelling.
③(2023·全国乙卷) As it turned out (正如事实证明), Douglas did exactly what she needed to do to become Olympic champion when she defeated two Russians.
④With these thoughts turning over and over in my mind,I decided to go for a walk to clear my head.
这些想法在我的脑海里翻来覆去,我决定去走走,清醒一下头脑。 <写作运用:读后续写之心理描写>
turn around　　 转动;转身;(使)好转
turn up 把(声音等)调高;出现
turn down 把(声音等)调低;拒绝
turn off 关掉(电器、水龙头、煤气等)
turn on 打开(电器、水龙头、煤气等);突然攻击
turn in 上交;提交
turn into 变成
turn out 结果是, 证明是;关掉
turn to 求助于, 转向
10.other than 除了,而非
【步入经典】 单句语法填空/完成句子/同义转换
①It was the greatest honor, other than getting (get) accepted in heaven.
②He doesn’t eat pork, but other than that (除此之外) he’ll eat just about anything.
③I met him very late on Friday night, to be more exact, early on Saturday morning.
→I met him very late on Friday night, or rather, early on Saturday morning.
④In my opinion, he is very brave and intelligent.
→ In my opinion, he is more than brave and intelligent.
more than　　　　　超过;非常;不仅仅
no more than 仅仅;只不过
not more than 不超过;至多
rather than 而不是;不愿
less than 少于
【备选要点】
put aside 储存;留出;撇开不理;暂不考虑;放下
【步入经典】 单句语法填空/同义句转换/完成句子
①She was too busy and had to keep putting off going to the dentist.
②Then Jeff noticed steam shooting out of the pot and the lid starting to shake.The next minute, the porridge boiled over and put out the fire.
③When she was seeing through her mind, all at once an idea popped into her head.
→Seeing through her mind, she suddenly put forward a good idea.
④I put aside my uneasiness, plucked enough courage to go on stage and then gave a speech.
我放下不安,鼓起足够的勇气上台,然后发表了演讲。 <写作运用:读后续写之
动作描写>
put up　　　 建造; 张贴; 提高(价格); 举起; 让(某人)留宿
put away 放好; 储存……备用
put down 写下, 记下
put off 推迟
put on 穿上; 增加; 演出
put out 扑灭; 熄灭
put up with 容忍, 忍受
put forward 提出(建议等)
【经典句型——速积表达】
11.With the detox now finished, they’ve switched on their devices and they’re back online.
如今脱瘾活动已经结束,他们纷纷开启电子设备,重返网络。
【步入经典】 单句语法填空/完成句子
①With his plan ruined (ruin) by the accident, he let out a cry of anger.
②With a lot of tough problems to settle (settle), he was in deep despair.
③Giggling instantly with a broad smile spreading on his face, he told me that he was proud of my wonderful performance.
他笑得很开心,脸上洋溢着灿烂的笑容,他告诉我他为我的精彩表演感到骄傲。 <写作运用:读后续写之心理描写>
④ (2023·新高考Ⅱ卷) With excited tears in my eyes, I thanked him again, adding that it was he who let me get a taste for writing.
我热泪盈眶,再次感谢他,并补充说是他让我尝到了写作的滋味。 <写作运用:读后续写之心理描写>
with的复合结构由 “with+宾语+宾语补足语 ”构成,在句子中作状语,表示伴随、原因、时间等,有时也可作定语。
(1)with+名词/代词 +to do(表示未发生的动作)
(2)with +名词/代词 + doing(表示主动或正在进行的动作)
(3)with +名词/代词 + done(表示被动且已经完成的动作)
(4)with+名词/代词+形容词
(5)with+名词/代词+副词
(6)with+名词/代词+介词短语
【Step 3 进阶演练·强化基础素养落实】
【基础全面练——练透单元要点】
Ⅰ.语境填空——练熟高频词汇
1.When working, one should concentrate and not allow oneself to be distracted (distract).
2.He is equipped with much experience in teaching, so he is well-respected by all his students.
3.You must ensure their security (secure) when you take the children to the park.
4.Try to view yourself as objectively (objective) as possible.
5.It is considerate (consider) of you not to make any noise while the others are having a rest.
6.He arrived home late and did not switch on the light so as not to disturb his family.
7.I’m happy to inform you that you have been/will be promoted (promote) to captain because you sit tight and do your job well constantly (constant).
8.I suppose I am looking for an occupation (occupy) which motivates me to be (be) positive.
9.Nowadays with the Hope Project carried (carry) out, education is accessible (access) to more children, especially to those in need of financial (finance) assistance in poor districts.
Ⅱ.完成句子——活用短语句式
1.我们错过了末班车,又没钱打车,只好步行回家。
We missed out the last bus and didn’t have any money for taxi, so we had to walk home.
2.起初我认为这是个坏主意,但仔细一想,我意识到她是对的。
At first, I thought it was a bad idea, but on reflection I realised she was right.
3.他的妻子伤心极了,眼里满是泪水。
His wife was in deep sorrow with her eyes filled with tears.
4.在跑完马拉松两英里后,安迪和杰西卡决定认输。
After running two miles of the marathon, Andy and Jessica decided to throw in the towel.
5.我们第一次见面就是在这家超市。
It was in this supermarket that we met each other for the first time.
Ⅲ.教材语篇——课文缩写填空
(黑体词是本单元核心词汇)
In order to make young people realise the 1.importance (important) of the Social Media Detox, we held an activity.With the detox now 2.finished (finish), they’ve switched 3.on their devices and they are back online.4.It took Anna two days to be aware how much time had been occupied with checking the phone.Doing the detox not only made Devon realise the value of real contact but also motivated Cindy 5.to have (have) a proper conversation for over two hours, without 6.being distracted (distract) by messages from other people.An hour’s sport each day let George become 7.healthier (healthy) than before.It is a pity that Max threw 8.in the towel on the first day.In a word, the Social Media Detox raises 9.successfully (success) the awareness of how much we rely 10.on/upon social media and helps teenagers to step away from social media and communicate with each other better.
【写作提能练——升华主题写作】
单元话题微写作——四种模式之读后续写
阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。
On a sunny afternoon in July, my husband Lenny decided to run our garbage.Living on a farm where no pick-up service was available, we burned what we could and took the rest to the town’s landfill (垃圾填埋场).After unloading, Lenny walked around to see what others had thrown away.Being a person who finds treasure in what others call trash, Lenny would sometimes bring home what he called “great finds”.He’d say, “You’ll never know when this will come in handy” or “Look at what someone threw away.I can fix and use that.”As a family on a tight budget, we appreciated his finds.
As Lenny walked around that day, he picked up a few items and threw them on a large pile of garbage.Suddenly, he heard a “meow” and he looked around for what he thought would be a wild cat, but he saw nothing.Then he saw a shoebox in the garbage pile move slightly, and he heard the cries again.He picked up the box, which was sealed with tape.When Lenny cut the tape and cautiously tore open the shoebox, he found a black-and-white little cat, approximately eight weeks old.It was so frightened that it jumped into Lenny’s arms and clung on to him with its tiny claws.The little cat wasn’t afraid of him.The poor thing was very thin and had probably been taken away from its mother only recently.
My husband wasn’t a great cat lover.He did not feel they should be household pets.Our two daughters had a different perspective as they had recently got another kitten from a local farmer.Even though he didn’t like cats, he knew he couldn’t leave this cat in the shoebox.It would probably be eaten by a fox.
注意:续写词数应为 150 个左右。
So, he decided to bring it home.____________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Later, Lenny and the cat became best friends, too._________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Step 1　快读文本 获取信息
1.故事发展线索:家人反应——小猫依赖——爸爸接受——和小猫相处——作者
感悟
2.情感发展线索:担心(被狐狸吃掉) ——纠结(不喜欢养猫) ——决定(把小猫带回
家)——相处(成为好朋友)
Step 2 细读首句 合理推测
1.针对续写首段段首:So, he decided to bring it home.设问:
(1)Would other members of the family accept it
(2)Would they get along with each other
推测:续写的第一段首句讲的是莱尼决定把小猫带回家。接着应该写家人和小猫相处的过程。
2.针对续写第二段段首:Later, Lenny and the cat became best friends, too.设问:
(1)How would they get on with each other between Lenny and the kitten
(2)How would other families treat the kitten
推测:续写的第二段首句讲的是后来莱尼也和这只小猫成为最好的朋友。接着应该写莱尼和小猫关系融洽,及其他家庭成员对小猫的接受。
Step 3　恰当用词 打造靓句
1.一进屋,莱尼的两个女儿就高兴地喊叫起来,一个把小猫抱在怀里,另一个给它找食物和睡觉的地方。
Once inside the house, Lenny’s two daughters cried happily, one holding the kitten in her arms while the other finding it food and a place to sleep.
2.小猫轻轻地哭了一声,好像是在感谢他们收留它。
The kitten made a soft cry as if to thank them for taking it in.
3.每天早上,小猫都会叫他们起床,当看到家人时,它会用头摩擦他们。
Every morning the kitten meowed them out of bed and when seeing family members, it would rub its head against them.
4.每当爸爸不忙的时候,他就会和小猫一起玩,扔毛线球。
Whenever dad was not busy, he would play with the kitten and throw wool balls.
5.有一段时间,小猫的小爪子抓着一个球滚动。
For a while the kitten’s small claws scratched a ball, while holding the ball rolling.
6.我们都觉得家里有猫是一件美妙的事情。
We all felt it was a wonderful thing to have the kitten in the house.
Step 4　衔接过渡 组句成篇
So, he decided to bring it home.Once inside the house, Lenny’s two daughters cried happily, one holding the kitten in her arms while the other finding it food and a place to sleep.The kitten made a soft cry as if to thank them for taking it in.Every morning the kitten meowed them out of bed and when seeing family members, it would rub its head against them. When people watched TV, it would lie on the side quietly enjoying everyone’s touch, whose general nature is very pitiful.
Later, Lenny and the cat became best friends, too.When dad came home from work, the kitten would greet him at the door.Whenever dad was not busy, he would play with the kitten and throw wool balls.For a while the kitten’s small claws scratched a ball, while holding the ball rolling.It was so lovely that my father would laugh happily.My father grew fond of the kitten.We all felt it was a wonderful thing to have the kitten in the house.选择性必修 第二册
Unit 1　Growing up
【Step 1题源研读·探寻主题提升思维】
A unique coming-of-age ceremony in Yueqing, Wenzhou
温州市乐清独特的成人仪式
A unique coming-of-age ceremony that is still observed by Xinqiao villagers in Yueqing, Wenzhou, East China’s Zhejiang Province to mark the 18th birthday of sons recently impressed Delon and Nev from South Africa, local media outlets reported. “I’ve never seen dishes that can be piled up so high.It was quite eye-catching and impressive,” Nev said. She was referring to clam, crab, dried shrimp, dried beef, chocolate, sugar orange and cherries that were piled layer by layer to form a “tower” about 33 centimeters tall. The tradition has been followed by local residents for more than 300 years and was included in the Zhejiang provincial intangible cultural heritage list in recent years.It is a way for the older to wish good luck to the young in shouldering their responsibilities and cultivating a determined spirit.The ceremony is held on the third day of the first lunar month, which fell on Jan. 24 this year. A total of 12 young men took part in the coming-of-age ceremony this year. “I appreciated the opportunity to get a new taste of Chinese New Year celebrations and I really enjoyed the festive atmosphere,” Delon said. —https://www.chinadaily./ (同源高考:2022年新高考I卷七选五选自本网站)
金榜原创 1.What does Nev think of the coming-of-age ceremony (A) A.Noticeable and attractive. B.Surprising and relaxing. C.Descriptive and serious. D.Emotional and objective. 2.What significance does the coming-of-age ceremony convey (B) A.Good fortune for the future. B.Strong motivation to succeed. C.The festive atmosphere. D.Being responsible for the old. 3.Which of the following is true according to the passage (C) A.A tower was built to celebrate the festival. B.Young men participate in the ceremony every year. C.It’s a tradition to pile up dishes high. D.The tradition has been listed in the national intangible cultural heritage. 长难句分析 A unique coming-of-age ceremony that is still observed by Xinqiao villagers in Yueqing, Wenzhou, East China’s Zhejiang Province to mark the 18th birthday of sons recently impressed Delon and Nev from South Africa, local media outlets reported. 分析:这是一个主从复合句,that引导的是一个定语从句,that是关系代词,在从句中作主语,指代先行词A unique coming-of-age ceremony,to mark the 18th birthday of sons作目的状语。 一词多义 ①The patients were observed over a period of several months. 观察 ②Imposing speed restrictions is easy, but forcing motorists to observe them is trickier. 遵守 ③As for the Christmas tree, most Americans who observe Christmas have one in their homes. 庆祝
【Step 2考点突破·感悟经典运用提升】
提示:题干中本单元词汇加波浪线显示
【重点单词——巧积词汇】
1.election n.选举
【步入经典】 单句语法填空/完成句子
①Increasing numbers of people elect to work (work) from home nowadays.
②Taking all the factors into account, I think his chances of winning the election (elect) were slim.
③Our classmates are in favour of electing him as our monitor because he has all the right qualifications.
④If I am lucky enough to be elected as president of the student union, I will make every effort to serve for the benefit of teachers and classmates.
如果我有幸当选学生会主席,我会尽一切努力为老师和同学们服务。 <写作运用:应用文写作之演讲稿>
elect　　　　　　　 v.选举;选择;决定(做某事)
elect to do sth. 决定/选择做某事
elect sb.(to be/as...) 　选某人(为……)
【误区释疑】
“elect sb.+职位”结构中,如主席、总统等独一无二的职位前不用任何冠词。
2.legal adj.合法的
【步入经典】 单句语法填空/完成句子
①It is illegal (legal) to park your car on the freeway.
②(牛津高阶词典) You cannot legally (legal) take possession of the property until three weeks after the contract is signed.
③It’s illegal for people under 16 to cycle e-bikes in our country.　
在我国,16岁以下的人骑行电动车是违法的。
(1)legal holiday/age　　 法定假期/年龄
take legal action 起诉; 采取法律行动
(2)legally adv.合法地
(3)illegal adj.不合法的
(4)It’s legal/illegal (for sb.) to do sth. (某人)做某事是合法的/违法的
3.instantly adv.立即, 马上
【步入经典】 单句语法填空/完成句子
①Seeing the wolf wandering around there and the bicycle lying on the ground, they instantly (instant) realized what had happened.
②He met with difficulties while doing research, but he just hesitated for an instant and then he went on with his work.
③(牛津高阶词典) On/Upon arriving home I discovered they had gone.
④The moment/minute/instant/Instantly/Immediately/Directly Jenny finished her speech, a storm of applause erupted from the class, with her face breaking into a smile.
珍妮的演讲一结束,班上就爆发出一阵掌声,她脸上突然绽放出笑容。 <写作运
用:读后续写之动作描写>
(1)instant　　　 adj.立即的;立刻的;速食的;即食的;速溶的;方便的
instant coffee 速溶咖啡
(2)instant n.瞬间;片刻
for an instant 片刻, 一瞬间
in an instant 立即;马上
(3)表达“一……(就……)”的几种常见结构:
the instant/the moment/the minute...;
instantly/immediately/directly...;
on/upon doing 或on/upon+名词;
as soon as; hardly...when...; no sooner...than...
4.approve vi.赞成, 同意 vt.批准;认可
【步入经典】 单句语法填空/完成句子/一句多译
①(朗文词典) Again she heard the boys’ warm approving(approve) voices, voices that left her outside the heat of that dangerous moment.
②At the thought of not winning his father’s approval (approve), a sense of failure overcame him, tears falling onto the silent ground.
③Our teacher approved of us/our making a video to record our experiences at the summer camp where we had a great time.
我们的老师同意我们制作一个视频来记录我们在夏令营的经历,在那里我们玩得很高兴。
④如果您能批准我们筹集资金的提议,我将不胜感激。
→I would appreciate it if you could approve our proposal to raise money.(approve)
→I would appreciate it if you could give your approval to our proposal to raise money.(approval) <写作运用:应用文写作之感谢信>
(1)approve of sb./sth.　 赞成/同意某人/某事
approve the plan 批准计划
(2)approval n.同意;批准
give one’s approval 批准
win one’s approval 得到某人的赞同
(3)disapprove v.不同意;不赞成
(4)disapproval n.不赞成;反对
5.commitment n.投入;奉献;承诺
【步入经典】 单句语法填空/完成句子
①The naughty boy made a commitment that he would never commit the same mistake again.(commit)
②He had a preference for playing this instrument in his childhood, and was committed to practicing (practice) it.
③I strongly suggest that you (should) commit one hour to reading English every day,which will gradually improve your spoken English.
我强烈建议你每天抽出一个小时读英语,这将逐渐提高你的英语口语。 <写作
运用:应用文写作之建议信>
(1) make a commitment to　对……做出承诺
(2)commit vt.做出(错事或非法的事);犯(罪或错等);承诺;保证(做某事、遵守协议或遵从安排等);花(钱或时间)vi.忠于(某个人、机构等);全心全意投入(工作、活动等)
commit oneself to (doing) sth. 承诺;保证(做)某事;致力于(做)某事
(3)committed adj.尽心尽力的;坚定的
be committed to (doing) sth. 致力于(做)某事
6.varied adj.各种各样的
【步入经典】 单句语法填空/句式升级
①(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷) We offer the newest bicycles in a wide variety (vary), including basic bikes with foot brake (刹车), bikes with hand brake and gears (排挡), bikes with child seats, and children’s bikes.
②Anger seems simple and disturbing when we are feeling it, but the causes of anger are varied (vary).
③(2023·浙江1月高考) Over the past few years, many solar farm developers have transformed the space under their solar panels into a shelter for various (vary) kinds of pollinators, resulting in soil improvement and carbon reduction.
④In the course of the Art and Cultural Show,there are a mass of performances which vary from singing,dancing to reciting poems.
→In the course of the Art and Cultural Show, there are a mass of performances, varying from singing, dancing to reciting poems.(用动词-ing形式作定语升级)
<写作运用:应用文写作之新闻报道>
(1)variety　　　　　　　n.多样性
a variety of =varieties of 各种各样的
(2)vary v.改变, 变化;使多样化
vary from 不同于;不等于
vary from...to... 从……到……各不相同
vary in sth. 在……方面不同
vary with 随……而变化
【误区释疑】
various adj.各种各样的(强调种类不同,通常作定语)
varied adj.各种各样的 (强调变化、相异、不同)
7.consequence n.结果,后果
【步入经典】 单句语法填空/同义句转换
① (朗文词典) Such faults as can be detected are of little consequence (consequent) to the average kite-maker.
②Giving others help sometimes helps yourself consequently (consequence).
③I spent most of my money in the first week, and in consequence (consequent) had very little to eat by the end of the holiday.
④His mother was poor in health, as a consequence, he lay awake all night, anxiety sweeping over him into pieces.
→As a consequence of his mother’s poor health, he lay awake all night, anxiety sweeping over him into pieces. <写作运用:读后续写之心理描写>
(1)as a consequence=in consequence =as a result　　　　　 因此,结果
as a consequence of = in consequence of = as a result of 由于……;因为
take the consequence of... 承担……后果
answer for the consequence 对后果负责
(2)consequent adj.作为结果的,随之发生的
consequently adv.因此,结果
8.evidence n.证词;证据
【步入经典】 单句语法填空/完成句子
①(2022·全国乙卷) For a long time, this ineffective hiding method was interpreted as evidence (evident) that children are hopelessly “egocentric” creatures.
②He looked at his children with evident (evidence) pride.
③Evidently (evident), he was sensitive to the topic of the operation.
④With his face clouding with anger and his voice trembling with rage, it was evident that he was about to explode.
他气得脸色阴沉,声音因愤怒而颤抖,很明显他的愤怒就要爆发了。 <写作运
用:读后续写之心理描写>
(1)evident 　　 adj.明显的;明白的,清楚的
It is evident to sb.that... 在某人看来……很明显
(2)evidently adv.明显地,清楚地,证据确凿地
(3)on the evidence of... 依据……来看
【误区释疑】evident, obvious, apparent
evident 多用于推理抽象的事,指“有证据证明”
obvious 指“容易知道或发现,无需解释或证明的”
apparent 指“一目了然的,显而易见的”,还可指“思想上容易理解的”
【核心短语——妙积词块】
9.lay aside 把……搁置一边;留存备用
【步入经典】 单句语法填空/完成句子
①With the crisis of economy, many workers have been laid off.
②He was sitting on a sleeping bag with multiple resumes neatly laid out, along with a sign that read “need work and food”.
③When the English class began, we laid aside the books not related to English.
④I laid down the present on the doorstep, knocked at the door three times and quickly ran away to hide behind the tree nearby.我把礼物放在门口台阶上,敲了三下门,然后迅速逃跑,躲在附近的树后面。 <写作运用:读后续写之动作描写>
⑤As the competition began, participants laid out the paper, picked up the paintbrush and gave full play to their talent, displaying the beauty of our motherland.
比赛开始时,参赛人员纷纷摊开试卷,拿起画笔充分发挥自己的才华,展示我们祖国的美丽。 <写作运用:读后续写之微场景描写>
lay off　　　　　　　 辞退,解雇
lay down 放下,制定
lay out 展示;摆出;安排;筹划
10.in charge of 主管;掌管
【步入经典】 单句语法填空/同义句转换/完成句子
①The police charged the thief with stealing raw materials in the company.
②An experienced mechanic is in charge of the job.
→The job is in the charge of an experienced mechanic.
→An experienced mechanic takes charge of the job.
③With Granny leading the charge, a group of strangers came together and pinned the man to the sidewalk, holding him there until the police came.
在奶奶带头的情况下,一群陌生人走到一起,把这名男子按在人行道上,一直到警察来。 <写作运用:读后续写之微场景描写>
④Last week we had a heated debate about whether citizens can access the Science Museum free of charge.
上周我们就市民们能否免费进入科学博物馆进行了激烈的辩论。 <写作运用:应用文写作之议论文>
(1)charge　　　 n.指控;主管,掌管;职责;要价
free of charge 免费的(地)
in the charge of 被……负责/掌管
take charge of 接管,控制
lead the charge 带头,打头阵
(2)charge vt.收费,要价;指控;充电
charge sb.money for (doing) sth. 因(做)某事而收某人的钱
charge sb.with sth.=accuse sb.of sth. 因某事指控某人
【误区释疑】
in charge of多以人作主语,指“某人负责/主管某事”;in the charge of 多以物作主语,指“某物由某人掌管”。类似的还有:in possession of, in the possession of; in control of, in the control of。
11.at a glance 一瞥, 看一眼
【步入经典】 单句语法填空/完成句子
①He could tell at a glance that something was wrong.
②(朗文词典) At first glance this will probably sound strange, yet there is a way in which it is also logical.
③She glanced around the room before she left.
她在离开前环视了一下房间。
④With a trembling hand, Germain unfolded the letter, glanced at/took/cast a glance at the words, and rushed wildly out of the room.
杰曼颤抖着一只手,打开信,瞥了一眼信上的字,然后狂奔出了房间。 <写作运用:读后续写之动作描写>
(1)glance　　　　　n.匆匆一看;一瞥;扫视
at first glance 乍看之下, 乍一看
take/cast a glance at 瞥一眼, 扫视
(2)glance vi.瞥一眼;迅速地看一眼
glance at 匆匆一看
【误区释疑】 stare at, glance at, glare at
stare at “凝视,盯着……看”,强调动作的持续性
glance at “瞥一眼,看了一眼”,强调动作十分迅速或不经意地一瞥
glare at “怒视”,强调带有愤怒或恐吓等感彩
【经典句型——速积表达】
12.It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been poorly studied.
很难计算出全球北极熊的数量, 因为对(其分布的)大部分范围的研究很少。
【步入经典】 单句语法填空/完成句子
①It was foolish of you to refer (refer) to your notes in such an important test.As a result, you got punished.
②We think it is difficult for them to finish (finish) the charity walk without team spirit.
③It is no good reading (read) in dim light for it is bad for one’s eyes.
④It is indeed an honour for traditional Chinese medical science to be spread around the world.
对中国传统医学来说,走向世界确实是一种荣誉。
⑤It is important for us to master some basic living skills to prepare us for our future life.
掌握一些基本的生活技能对我们来说很重要,为我们未来的生活做好准备。
it作形式主语的句子:
(1)It is+adj.+(for/of sb.) to do sth.,表示“(对某人来说)做某事是……的”,It是形式主语,动词不定式是真正的主语。
(2)It is +(kind, nice, clever, wrong, right, foolish, wise, stupid, rude, careless, cruel, brave,naughty, polite, selfish) of sb.to do sth.该句型中,形容词描述不定式行为者的性格、品行等。
(3)It is +(necessary, hard, important, difficult, easy, possible, common) for sb.to do sth.
(4)It+be+名词短语(a pity, a fact, a wonder, an honour, an idea, no wonder...)+to do
(5)It is +(no use, no good, a waste of time/money, useless)doing sth.
【Step 3进阶演练·强化基础素养落实】
【基础全面练——练透单元要点】
Ⅰ.语境填空——练熟高频词汇
1.He has a delicate digestion (digest) and cannot eat oily food.
2.I felt a little bump and I knew instantly (instant) what had happened.
3.She desperately wanted to win her father’s approval (approve).
4.Movie music can be made memorable (memory) because its themes are repeated throughout the film.
5.From the incident we come to the conclusion (conclude) that we should cherish the present moment and live every day to the fullest.
6.He has been charged with membership of an illegal (legal) organisation.
7.The company makes a commitment (commit) to provide varied/various (vary) high-quality goods at minimum profit.
8.I still remember the efforts you have devoted yourself to improving (improve) my spoken English at your leisure.As a consequence, it is no surprise that I won the first prize in the English speech contest.
9.It is evident (evidence) that if she would lay aside the habit of smoking, her health would gradually (gradual) improve.
10.The election (elect) was scheduled to start soon.Ray glanced at his watch and quickened his pace, for he had approved of voting (vote) for his best friend.
Ⅱ.完成句子——活用短语句式
1.我很高兴知道你下个月要负责一个青少年艺术展。
I’m very happy to know you are in charge of a teenage art exhibition next month.
2.我很荣幸代表我们学校向你们表示欢迎。
It is a great honor for me to express welcome to you on behalf of our school.
3.即使你很忙,你也应该试着每天抽出几分钟来锻炼。
You should try to lay aside a few minutes each day to take exercise even if you are busy.
4.我发现适应新的学校生活很难,因此我真诚地寻求您慷慨的帮助。
I find it difficult to adapt to the new school life, so I sincerely ask for your generous assistance.
5.镜片后面的黑眼睛快速转动着,扫一眼就全都记下了。
The eyes behind the lenses were dark and quick-moving, taking in everything at a glance.
Ⅲ.教材语篇——课文缩写填空
(黑体词是本单元核心词汇)
Three young people who come from different countries tell us what turning 18 1.means (mean) to them.Bethany thinks it’s 2.unfair (fair) that she can’t vote in the general election or take her 3.driving (drive) test because she is not old enough to have these legal rights.Lin Ning holds the idea 4.that he can do things 5.like getting a credit card.More 6.importantly (important), he can act on his desire to help others without his parents’ 7.approval (approve).Although a lot of doors have opened for him, he currently doesn’t have 8.a steady income.Besides, Morgan doesn’t agree with the view of the majority—18 means becoming independent. His salary is not high enough so he finds it hard 9.to save (save) money and make a commitment to buy a house.In his opinion, some responsibilities are 10.more (many) about attitude than age.
【写作提能练——升华主题写作】
单元话题微写作——四种模式之应用文连句成篇
你校正在举办“英语读书周”活动,要求学生们读一本自己喜爱的书,并用英语写一篇书评。你读的书是英国作家Charles Dickens 所写的《雾都孤儿》(Oliver Twist)。请你用英语写一篇80词左右的书评,要点如下:
1.背景介绍;
2.作品内容概述;
3.作出评论。
典句提示
1.英国作家查尔斯·狄更斯的《雾都孤儿》出版于1838年,是一部现实主义小说,其故事以伦敦为背景,讲述了一个孤儿的悲惨身世和遭遇。(base on)
2.奥利弗在孤儿院长大,在一家棺材店当学徒。他经历了许多困难并勇敢地克服了这些困难,得到了好心人的帮助,获得了幸福。(grow, experience)
3.我被这个鼓舞人心的故事和这个勇敢善良的小男孩所感动。(move)
4.我认为,无论我们发生什么,永远不要失去希望、善良和勇敢,因为这些都是支持我们继续前进的动力。 (no matter what)
连句成篇
Oliver Twist by the British author Charles Dickens, published in 1838, is a realistic novel.This story was based on the background of London, telling the tragic life experience and encounter of an orphan.
Oliver grew up in an orphanage, and experienced his apprenticeship as a worker in a coffin shop.He experienced many difficulties and bravely overcame them.No matter how hard the situation was, he still held good hope and kindness in his heart.Therefore, he got help from kind-hearted people to get happiness.
I am moved by this inspirational story and this brave, kind little boy.I think that no matter what happens to us, we can never lose hope, kindness and braveness, because these are the motivations that can support us to go on.Unit 4　Breaking boundaries
【Step 1　题源研读·探寻主题提升思维】
China dodges western 5G chip embargo with new Huawei Mate 60 phone
中国推出新款华为Mate 60手机应对西方5G芯片禁运
　　Huawei’s smartphones are picking up its speed and have overtaken Apple’s iPhone to become China’s smartphone market leader, according to a report from Jefferies on Monday. 　　China has produced a 5G smartphone using an advanced silicon chip on a scale of miniaturisation. 　　Huawei’s Mate 60 Pro is powered by a new Kirin 9000s chip that was made in China by the partly state-owned Semiconductor Manufacturing International Corporation (SMIC), the analysis firm TechInsights said.Its processor is the first to use SMIC’s most advanced 7 nanometre (nm) technology and suggests the Chinese government is making some head way in attempts to build a domestic chip ecosystem, the research firm said. 　　Since 2019, the US has restricted Huawei’s access to chipmaking tools essential for producing the most advanced handset models. Despite being a manufacturer of 5G network equipment, Huawei was previously only able to launch limited batches of actual 5G phones using stockpiled chips.Huawei started selling its Mate 60 Pro phone in September.The specifications provided advertised its ability to make satellite calls, but offered no information on the power of the chipset inside.Buyers of the phone in China have been posting teardown videos and sharing speed tests on social media that suggest the Mate 60 Pro is capable of download speeds exceeding those of top-line 5G phones. 　　The phone’s launch sent Chinese social media users and state media into a frenzy, with some noting it coincided with a visit by the US commerce secretary, Gina Raimondo.TechInsight’s findings were first reported by Bloomberg News. —The Guardian (同源高考:2020·全国Ⅲ卷C篇阅读选自本报刊)
金榜原创 1.What breakthrough has China made according to the passage (B) A.5G smartphones. B.A new most advanced 7nm chip. C.Handset models. D.A domestic chip ecosystem. 2.What does the passage mainly tell us (C) A.The development history of Huawei. B.The difficulties faced by Huawei. C.A significant breakthrough in China’s chip. D.The opinions from Chinese social media. 长难句分析 Buyers of the phone in China have been posting teardown videos and sharing speed tests on social media that suggest the Mate 60 Pro is capable of download speeds exceeding those of top-line 5G phones. 分析:这是一个主从复合句,that引导定语从句,其谓语suggest后跟省略that的宾语从句,suggest意为“表明”。 翻译:该手机在中国的买家一直在社交媒体上发布拆机视频并分享速度测试,这表明Mate 60 Pro的下载速度超过了那些顶级5G手机。
【Step 2　考点突破·感悟经典运用提升】
提示:题干中本单元词汇加波浪线显示
【重点单词——巧积词汇】
1.assist v.协助,帮助
【步入经典】 单句语法填空/完成句子
①(牛津高阶词典) Two men are assisting the police with their enquiries.
②With the assistance of the helicopter, Mary got out of the forest and saw her husband, safe and sound.
在直升机的帮助下,玛丽安然无恙地出了森林,见到了她的丈夫。
③Shocked and dumb, Grady was rooted onto the ground for seconds, and then fortunately, his father heard the shout in time to come to his assistance.
格雷迪吓得目瞪口呆,僵在原地数秒钟,幸运的是,他的父亲及时听到了呼喊声,来帮助他。 <写作运用:读后续写之动作描写>
④The competition is intended to highlight the students’ practical cooking skills, assist students in getting into healthy eating habits and enrich their school life as well.
比赛旨在突出学生的实际烹饪技能,帮助学生养成健康的饮食习惯,同样丰富他们的学校生活。 <写作运用:应用文写作之通知>
(1)assist sb.in/with sth.　　帮助某人某事
assist sb.to do/in doing sth. 帮助某人做某事
(2)assistance n.帮助;援助
with one’s assistance
=with the assistance of... 在……的帮助下
be of assistance 有帮助
come to one’s assistance 帮助某人
(3)assistant n.助手, 助理
2.minority n.少数派;少数
【步入经典】 单句语法填空/完成句子
①(朗文词典) Boys are very much in the minority at the dance class.
②Only the minority is/are (be) in favour of expanding the business.
③In this world of technology, a majority of people are equipped with computers.
在这个科技世界,很多人有电脑。
④You should be thankful that you have escaped with only minor injuries.
你应该感到庆幸,你只是受了点轻伤,但是却脱险了。 <写作运用:应用文写作之慰问信>
(1)in a/the minority　　 占少数
(2)minor adj.轻微的;较小的
(3)majority n.大多数;大半
a/the majority of 大多数……
in a/the majority 占多数
by/with a majority of 以多数票……
3.cast v. 选派(角色);扔;抛;掷;投射;向……投以(视线、笑容等) n.全体演员
【步入经典】 写出句中黑体部分的含义/完成句子
①It is reported that actors for the play are being cast nationwide. 挑选演员
②The priceless treasures had been cast into the Nile. 扔;抛
③The bad news cast a shadow/cloud over his face, making him feel as gray as the sky outside.
这个坏消息给他脸上蒙上了一层阴影,使他的心情像外面的天空一样灰暗。
<写作运用:读后续写之明喻修辞>
④Phil cast a kind look at the boy, placed a comforting hand on his shoulder, and assured him, “Don’t worry.Whenever you want me, I’ll be there.”菲尔和蔼地看了男孩一眼,把一只手放在他的肩膀上,安慰并确定地说:“别担心。无论何时你需要我,我就会在你身边。” <写作运用:读后续写之动作描写>
cast a look/glance at sb.　　 看了/瞥了某人一眼
cast sb.a smile 冲某人一笑
cast an eye on/over... 迅速检查/浏览……
cast a shadow/cloud over sth. 给某事/物蒙上阴影
cast doubt on 使人怀疑……
cast (new) light on sth. 使明白
4.joint adj.共同的,联合的n.关节;接合处
【步入经典】 单句语法填空/完成句子
①Jackie and Ben came to a joint (join) decision as to where they would live.
②As we all know, South America is joined to North America by a canal.
③The teacher also joined us students in playing (play) the game.
④The training schedule, apart from regular training, includes joining in a wide variety of activities, such as participating in some national competitions.
除了常规训练外,训练日程包括参加各种各样的活动,例如参加一些全国比赛。
<写作运用:应用文写作之通知>
join　　　 v.加入,参加
join in 参加(活动、事件等)
join sb.in sth./join in doing sth. 与……一起做某事
join...to... 把……和……连接起来
5.rewarding adj.值得做的;有益的;有意义的
【步入经典】 单句语法填空/完成句子
①(牛津高阶词典)She was rewarded for her efforts with a cash bonus.
②Our school will hold a rewarding (reward) activity whose theme is “Foreigners Tell Chinese Stories” next week.
③Deeply moved, she is determined to do something to reward him for what he did.
她深受感动,决心做点什么来答谢他所做的一切。
④After the coming-of-age ceremony, we students realized that we must study harder in reward for/as a reward for our teachers’ and parents’ patient guidance.成人礼过后,我们学生意识到我们必须更加努力学习,以回报老师和父母的耐心教导。
<写作运用:应用文写作之活动报道>
reward　　　　　　　 v.酬谢;奖励,奖赏 n.奖金;回报;报酬
reward sb.for (doing) sth. 因(做)某事而奖赏/酬谢某人
reward sb. with sth. 用某物奖赏/回报某人
in reward for 为奖赏……;为报答……
as a reward for 作为对……的奖赏/回报
6.division n.分歧;分裂
【步入经典】 单句语法填空/完成句子
①Unequal distribution of wealth may cause division (divide) in society.
②(2023·浙江1月高考) The day is divided into two thematic sessions per age group.
③The committee has divided (divide) opinions over the proposal.
④On arriving at the farm,we were divided into three groups and began to help the farmers to grow wheat.
一到农场,我们就被分成三组,开始帮助农民种植小麦。 <写作运用:应用文写作之活动报道>
(1)divide　　　　　 v.(使)分开, 分散;除,除以
divide...(up) into... 　 把……分成……
divide...in half 把……分成两份
divide sth.(up/out) (between/among sb.) 分配; 分享; 分担
divide sth.(between A and B) 把(时间、精力等)分别用于
(2)divided adj.有分歧的
7.influential adj.有影响力的
【步入经典】 单句语法填空/完成句子
①(朗文词典)The program has gained the support of several influential (influence) businessmen.
②It was reported that the rainstorm had influenced over 15,000 people, 163 people injured and 3 people missing.
③Under the influence of my physics teacher, I have become increasingly interested in physics.
在物理老师的影响下,我对物理越来越感兴趣。
④Besides, Fan Zhongyan proposed the establishment of a national school system, which had a far-reaching influence on the Chinese educational system.此外,范仲淹还提出建立国民学校制度,它对中国的教育制度产生了深远的影响。 <写作运用:应用文写作之人物介绍>
(1)influence　　　　　　　v.& n.影响
under the influence of 受到……的影响
have influence over 有左右……的力量
have an influence on/upon 对……有影响
(2)influentially adv.有影响力地
【误区释疑】
affect v.对……有影响。侧重直接实际的影响
effect n.效应;影响;结果;效果。可用于短语 have an effect on...“对……有影响”; vt.使发生;实现;引起。常用来指产生的直接后果
influence n.影响;作用;控制力;影响力;有影响的人(或事物); vt.影响;对……起作用;支配。侧重于内在的、潜移默化的影响
impact n.影响;效果;碰撞;冲击力。可用于短语 have an impact on “对……有影响”; v.冲击;撞击;(对某事物)有影响,指有冲击性的、震撼的影响
【核心短语——妙积词块】
8.bring forth 使产生, 使出现
【步入经典】 单句语法填空/完成句子
①Their chain of restaurants brought in millions of dollars last year, which helped pave the way for further development.
②This new film is said to be based on the adaptation of a classic literary work brought out in 17th century.
③Plastics are in evidence, with a wet day bringing out the colourful light raincoats.
塑料随处可见,天一下雨,五颜六色的轻便雨衣就都出现了。 <写作运用:读后续写之物称主语句>
④From the incident we reach the conclusion that we should cherish the present moment and live every day to the fullest, for you do not know what tomorrow may bring forth.从这件事我们可以得出这样的结论:我们应该珍惜现在的时刻,充实地过好每一天,因为你不知道明天会发生什么。 <写作运用:读后续写之精彩结尾句>
bring down　　降低
bring out 取出, 拿出;使显现, 揭示出;出版(书刊等)
bring up 培育,抚养,提出
bring on 使发展;导致
bring in 引来;引进;赚得
bring about 引起
9.in vain 白白地;白费力气
【步入经典】 单句语法填空/完成句子
① You mentioned that you would like to teach me English in return, which is exactly what I am dying for.
②That young man is honest, cooperative and he is always there when you need help.In short, he’s reliable.
那个年轻人诚实、乐于配合,当你需要帮助的时候,他总是在你身边。简而言之,他是可靠的。 <写作运用:应用文写作之人物描写>
③When I saw the bird struggling to stand up but in vain, I began to feel a little uneasy, as if I was on pins and needles.当我看到这只鸟挣扎着站起来却徒劳无功时,我开始感到有点不安,如坐针毡。 <写作运用:读后续写之心理描写>
in rags　　　 衣衫褴褛
in return 作为报答
in ruins 一片废墟
in short 总之
in surprise 惊讶地
in trouble 有麻烦
in turn 按顺序,反过来
in view 看得见
【经典句型——速积表达】
10.It is not the first time the author has worked with MSF.这不是作者第一次与无国界医生组织合作。
【步入经典】 单句语法填空/完成句子
①It’s time to give (give) serious consideration to this matter.
②It’s time that I should get/got (get) down to thinking about my future.
③Since this is the first time that I have come up with the idea to help a stranger, my heart begins to race with my hands trembling with excitement.
由于这是我第一次想出主意帮助一位陌生人,我的心开始狂跳,双手激动得发抖。<写作运用:读后续写之心理描写>
④At the sight of Marley, the boy went rushing toward the dog, bent down quickly, and gave her a big hug as it was the first time that he had been away from home for such a long time.
一看到马利,男孩就冲向狗,迅速弯下腰,给了它一个大大的拥抱,因为这是他第一次离家这么长时间。 <写作运用:读后续写之动作描写>
(1)“It be the first/second...time+that...”句型,意为“这/那是某人第几次做某事”,主语可根据语境使用it,this或that;主句谓语为is时,that从句用现在完成时;主句谓语为was时,that从句用过去完成时。
(2)It’s time to do sth.意为“是做某事的时候了”。
(3)It’s (high) time that...意为“是做某事的时候了”,从句谓语用should do或一般过去时。
11.It’s exactly one month since the last reported case.距离发现上一个报告病例已经整整一个月了。
【步入经典】 单句语法填空/完成句子
①I was bitten by a dog once and I have been (be) afraid of them ever since.
②It wasn’t long before he gave (give) a convincing explanation for his absence.
③It is/has been two weeks since you came to our school for the exchange program, which has been of great benefit to all of us.
你们来我们学校参加交流项目已经两周了,这项活动让我们所有人都受益。
<写作运用:应用文写作之演讲稿>
(1)“It be+时间段+since...”句型,意为“自从……已有多长时间了”。主句谓语为is或has been,since从句用一般过去时;主句谓语为was,since从句用过去完成时。
(2)“It+be+一段时间+before从句(若before从句时态为一般现在时,be为一般将来时;若before从句时态为一般过去时,be为一般过去时)”表示“多久之后才……”。
(3)since作副词,意为“从……以后;后来”。
【误区释疑】
since引导的从句中的谓语动词如果用非延续性动词,表示“自从……多长时间了”;若since引导的从句中的谓语动词为延续性动词,则表示“自从该动作或状态的完成或结束以来已有多长时间了”。
【Step 3　进阶演练·强化基础素养落实】
【基础全面练——练透单元要点】
Ⅰ.语境填空——练熟高频词汇
1.Anyone, regardless of age or level of fitness, can practice and benefit from Tai Chi.　
2.When she entered the hall, she cast (cast) a welcoming smile in my direction.
3.This scientist is known to have been working on this problem for about ten years.
4.A hedge forms the division (divide) between their land and ours.
5.Those who suffer from headaches will find they get relief (relieve) from this medicine.
6.The girl tried to catch a bunch of butterflies on the flowers but in vain.
7.Let’s make joint (join) efforts to create a green and harmonious (harmony) environment.
8.He was rewarded with a special prize for his devotion (devote) to scientific research.
9.When he was worried that the infectious (infect) disease could break out, John came to his assistance (assist).
10.While the minority (minor) nationalities account for six per cent of the population, they have had great influential (influence) on the whole country.
Ⅱ.完成句子——活用短语句式
1.这是纪念伟大诗人屈原的一天,我们通常吃粽子和观赏龙舟比赛。
It’s a day in memory of the great poet Qu Yuan and we usually eat zongzi and enjoy dragon boat races.
2.从这次经历中,我学到了全力以赴必将产生良好的结果。
From the experience I learned that devoting every effort would surely bring forth good fruit.
3.当他们试图营救兄弟俩,但徒劳无功时,他们想到了一个冒险的主意。
When they tried to rescue the brothers but in vain, a risky idea came to them.
4.据我所知,自从我们上次团聚已经三年了。
As far as I know, it is/has been three years since we were reunited with each other last time.
5.那是我第一次参加交换生项目。那次经历不仅让我开阔了眼界,而且增强了我的信心。
It was the first time that I had participated in the exchange student program, which not only broadened my view but also strengthened my confidence.
Ⅲ.教材语篇——课文缩写填空
(黑体词是本单元核心词汇)
　　I arrived in Liberia with MSF almost three months ago.When I saw the tragic scenes on the news, I felt it was my duty as a doctor 1.to go (go) there and offer them my 2.assistance (assist).There are no borders for doctors, for patients or for anyone else involved in 3.combating (combat) this terrible disease.
　　My mission was 4.to relieve (relieve) Emma, a Canadian specialist in infectious diseases 5.at the end of her posting.Although it was the first time I 6.had worked (work) with these members, I felt a growing sense of pride as part of this extraordinary team, whose 7.devotion (devote) to the cause shone from their eyes.
　　To be caught 8.up in such a crisis brings forth powerful bonds between people, not only between carers and patients, but also between all those 9.who have come from different parts of the world and joined together in a common cause.In a world still facing so many problems, it is 10.absolutely (absolute) rewarding for us all to make joint efforts to create a global community with a shared future of peace and prosperity.
【写作提能练——升华主题写作】
单元话题微写作——四种模式之应用文句式升级
　　假定你是李华,你校英语社团将举办名为“My Favourite Painter”的分享活动。请你用英语写一篇演讲稿,内容包括:
　　1.你最喜欢的画家;
　　2.此画家作品的特点。
注意:
1.写作词数应为 80 个左右;
2.可以适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯;
3.尽量使用本单元学到的单词和短语。
Step 1　要点写作
根据汉语提示补全句子。
①我很荣幸能站在这里发表演讲,演讲的主题为“我最喜爱的画家”。
It’s a great honour for me to stand here and address my speech whose title is “My Favourite Painter”.
②我最喜欢的画家是张大千,他在我国美术界很受尊敬。
My favourite painter is Zhang Daqian, and he is highly respected in the field of art in our country.
③他被认为是20世纪最具传奇色彩的国画、书法、篆刻、诗词大师。
He is recognized as the most legendary master of traditional Chinese painting, calligraphy, seal cutting, and poetry in the 20th century.
④他一生的大部分时间都在临摹中国画的风格,学习西方绘画的特点和技巧,然后形成了自己独特的风格,尤其是成功的山水画。
He devoted most of his life to copying the style of Chinese painting, learning the characteristics and skills of Western painting, and then formed his own unique style, especially the successful landscape painting.
⑤我希望你能亲自来中国欣赏他的作品。你会被这些画打动的。
I expect you to come to China to appreciate his paintings personally and you will be struck by them.
Step 2　句式升级
⑥用分词作定语改写句①
It’s a great honour for me to stand here and address my speech titled “My Favourite Painter”.
⑦用定语从句改写句②
My favourite painter is Zhang Daqian,who is highly respected in the field of art in our country.
⑧用“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句改写句⑤
I expect you to come to China to appreciate his paintings personally by which you will be struck.
Step 3　组句成篇
适当运用关联词串联以上句子。
Dear fellow students,
　　It’s a great honour for me to stand here and address my speech titled “My Favourite Painter”.
　　My favourite painter is Zhang Daqian, who is highly respected in the field of art in our country.He is recognized as the most legendary master of traditional Chinese painting, calligraphy, seal cutting, and poetry in the 20th century.He devoted most of his life to copying the style of Chinese painting, learning the characteristics and skills of Western painting, and then formed his own unique style, especially the successful landscape painting.
　　I expect you to come to China to appreciate his paintings personally by which you will be struck.

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