资源简介

Unit 4　A glimpse of the future　
【Step 1　题源研读·探寻主题提升思维】
Persephone, the robot guide, leads visitors into a Greek cave
机器人导游“珀耳塞福涅”带领游客参观希腊的一个洞穴
　　In Greece, a culture guide named Persephone welcomes travelers to the Alistrati Cave. Persephone is a human-sized robot that can smoothly guide tourists through the first 150 meters of the cave, talking about it in 33 different languages. However, it can only answer 33 questions in Greek. After the first part of the tour, a human guide takes over for the remaining 750 meters. 　　Nikos Kartalis, the scientific director of the Alistrati site, came up with the idea of creating a robot guide after seeing one on television at an art show. The robot was built by the National Technology and Research Foundation and cost around 139,000 dollars. The creators are considering ways to increase its speed, as it can only guide visitors to the first three of eight stops. Nonetheless, many foreign visitors find it fascinating that Greece has the ability to build a robot and use it as a guide in the cave. 　　Persephone has a white body, black head, and two bright eyes, moving on wheels. It starts the tour by introducing itself:“My name is Persephone. I welcome you to the Alistrati Cave.” It has become a popular attraction, with some visitors coming back to see the robot guide again. 　　Evdokia Karafera, a human guide who partners with Persephone, finds it helpful that it can speak many languages. She notes a little delay in the touring but most find it fascinating, especially children who find it interesting that the robot speaks so many languages. However, Karafera believes that robots cannot replace humans everywhere, even though they may take over many jobs in the future. 　　Overall, Persephone the robot guide is a great example of how technology can enhance tourism experiences. —https://www. (同源高考:2021年上海高考语法填空选自本网站)
金榜原创 1.What is Persephone (B) A.A famous cave guide. B.A human-sized robot. C.A popular tourist attraction in Greece. D.A scientific director of the Alistrati site. 2.What does Evdokia Karafera say about the future of robots in tourism (C) A.Robots will eventually replace humans in all aspects of tourism. B.Robots will not be helpful in enhancing tourism experiences. C.Robots may take over many jobs in the future, but not everywhere. D.Robots will become too expensive to use in tourism. 长难句分析 Persephone is a human-sized robot that can smoothly guide tourists through the first 150 meters of the cave, talking about it in 33 different languages. 分析:本句是主从复合句,句子主干是Persephone is a human-sized robot, that引导定语从句,修饰先行词robot, talking about it in 33 different languages是v.-ing形式作状语。 翻译:珀耳塞福涅是一个真人大小的机器人,它可以平稳地引导游客穿过洞穴的前150米,用33种不同的语言交谈。
【Step 2　考点突破·感悟经典运用提升】
提示:题干中本单元词汇加波浪线显示
【重点单词——巧积词汇】
1.bound adj.可能的;一定会;有义务的
【步入经典】 单句语法填空/完成句子
①(柯林斯词典)We are bound to see (see) some ups and downs along the road to recovery.
②(柯林斯词典)The ship was bound for Italy.
③I hold the firm belief that everyone involved is bound to get unexpected joy and benefit a lot from it.
我坚信每一个参与其中的人都会得到意想不到的快乐并从中受益良多。 <写作运用:应用文写作之宣传稿>
④As long as you have confidence in yourself and keep on working with determination and perseverance,you are bound to succeed in the end.
只要你对自己有信心,以决心和毅力继续工作,你最终一定会成功。 <写作运用:读后续写之主旨升华>
(1)be bound to do sth.　 一定会做某事; 有义务做某事
(2)be bound for...　 准备前往某地
2.demand n.&v.需要;强烈要求
【步入经典】 单句语法填空/完成句子
①(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷改编)Titterton’s job on stage was rather demanding (demand).
②(2020·浙江高考1月卷改编) An authoritative father often ignores their children’s demands (demand) when raising his children
③(剑桥高阶词典) Good teachers are always in great demand.
④The school demands that all the students (should) take the fire drill to learn some skills to protect themselves in case of the fire.
学校要求所有的学生参加消防演习,学习一些在火灾时保护自己的技能。 <写作运用:应用文写作之新闻报道>
(1)be in (great) demand (迫切)需求
meet/satisfy one’s demands for... 满足某人对……的需求
(2)demand to do sth.　　　 要求做某事
demand that...(should) do sth. 要求……做某事
(3)demanding adj.要求高的;要求严格的;费力的
3.desperate adj.绝望的, 拼命的
【步入经典】 单句语法填空/完成句子
①He gave up the struggle in desperation (desperate).
②(2023· 新高考Ⅱ卷) They could not afford to pay for transportation for their dog, Tiffy, and desperately (desperate) wanted to take her with them.
③(柯林斯词典)They admit they are now desperate for a lucky break.
④Desperate and helpless, the little boy felt at a loss and didn’t know what to do.
绝望又无助,小男孩不知所措,不知道该怎么办。 <写作运用:读后续写之心理描写>
(1)be desperate for　　　　强烈想得到
be desperate to do　 渴望做……
in desperate need (of)　 非常需要
(2)desperately 　 adv.绝望地
(3)desperation　　 n.绝望
4.assess v.评定;评价;估算;估价
【步入经典】 单句语法填空/句式升级
①(牛津高阶词典) Objective assessment (assess) of the severity of the problem was difficult.
②(新英汉词典)They assess his house at 15 000 yuan.
③(牛津高阶词典)I’d assess your chances as low.
④It makes it easier for flight attendants to assess any outside risks.
→It makes it easier for flight attendants to make an assessment of any outside risks.
(1)assess... at...　　　估计……价值为
be assessed as 被评估为
(2)assessment n.评价;看法;估价
make an assessment of 评估……
【词汇拓展】 “评价家族”
evaluate　　 　　评价;评估
rate 评价
comment 评论
review 给(书、戏剧、电影等)写评论
5.consistent adj.一贯的; 一致的
【步入经典】 单句语法填空/完成句子
①He consistently(consistent) matches his words with his action.
②I’m aware of many sides of the other person—not just the beautiful sides but also the limitations, inconsistencies(inconsistency) and faults.
③True education does not consist in simply being taught facts.
④What you say should be consistent with what you do, otherwise others will not believe in you.
你的言行应该一致,否则别人不会相信你。
6.illegal adj.非法的,违法的
【步入经典】 单句语法填空
①Up to two thirds of 14 to 16 years old admit to buying alcohol illegally (illegal).
②Always seek professional legal (illegal) advice before entering into any agreement.
③Parking lot owners should be legally (legal) responsible for protecting vehicles.
(1)illegally　　　adv. 非法地
(2)legal　　 adj. 法律的; 合法的
a legal claim　　 合法的要求
a legal person 法人
legal advice　 法律意见;法律咨询
(3)legally adv.法律上,合法地
【核心短语——妙积词块】
7.hang out 常去某处,泡在某处;挂出;闲逛
【步入经典】 单句语法填空/完成句子
①It is often the case that anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.
②(2023·全国乙卷) After we found a crazy-looking road that hung over a bunch of rocks, we decided to photograph the scene at sunset.
③(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷) When he looked down, he accidentally slipped and fell over the edge. He hung on for a few minutes and screamed for his father, but his father didn’t hear him.
④I felt like a storm cloud hung over me.
我感觉乌云笼罩着我。 <写作运用:读后续写之心理描写>
hang about/around　　 闲逛;闲荡
hang on=hold on 紧紧抓住;不挂断电话
hang on to sth.　　　 抓紧某物;保留;不放弃
hang up　　 挂断电话
hang over　　　 笼罩;威胁
8.go through 履行(某程序);经历(苦难等);完成;通过;检查;用完
【步入经典】 单句语法填空
①(2022·北京高考) I felt a chill (寒意) go through my body.
②(牛津高阶词典)Go over your work before you hand it in.
③(柯林斯词典)These kinds of price controls go against all the financial principles of the free market liberals.
go over　　　复习;(仔细)检查
go out　 出去;熄灭
go against　 违背;违反
go up 上涨;上升
go ahead 前进;干吧;说吧
【经典句型——速积表达】
9.Jimmy, expert though he was, couldn’t outrace Robutt, who didn’t need a spacesuit, and had four legs and tendons of steel.
吉米虽然是专家,但是也超不过罗布,罗布不需要宇航服,有四条腿和钢腱。
【步入经典】 完成句子
①Child as/though he was, he had the capability to tell what was the right thing to do.
虽然他还是个孩子,但他有能力辨别什么是该做的事。
②Dance as/though she can, she didn’t like dancing in public.
虽然她会跳舞,但她不喜欢在公共场合跳舞。
③Frightened and scared as/though she was, she moved slowly towards the place where the sound came.
尽管她很害怕,她还是慢慢地朝声音传来的地方走去。 <写作运用:读后续写之心理描写>
though引导的让步状语从句可倒装可不倒装。
as引导让步状语从句时,从句须倒装。其结构为:
①单数可数名词(无冠词)/复数名词/形容词+as+主语+be+其他成分;
②动词原形+as+主语+助动词/情态动词+其他成分;
③副词+as+主语+谓语动词+其他成分。
注意:although引导的从句不能倒装,可与yet,still连用,不能与but连用。
【Step 3　进阶演练·强化基础素养落实】
【基础全面练——练透单元要点】
Ⅰ.语境填空——练熟高频词汇
1.His presence meant that I had an unexpected teaching assistant (assist) in class whose creativity would infect(感染) other students.
2.I hold the belief that the commander is bound to achieve (achieve) his dream sooner or later.
3.Perhaps anger had clouded his vision, or perhaps his judgement had been faulty (fault).
4.(2023·全国甲卷) Different from traditional fables, Carson’s story ends with an accusation instead of a moral.
5.Remember, even world champion athletes practice their skills on a consistent (consist) basis.
6.It was so cold outside that I wrapped a scarf tightly (tight) around my face.
7.It is illegal to park here. Anyone who parks here illegally will be fined. (illegal)
8.(2023·浙江高考1月卷) A noise at a window caught my attention, so I entered it. It was a hummingbird (蜂鸟), desperately(desperate) trying to escape.
9.This is a demanding job which demands attention and concentration.(demand)
10.We are trying to assess how well the system works and the assessment will be subscribed to the committee. (assess)
Ⅱ.完成句子——活用短语句式
1.工人们强烈要求公司改进苛刻的工作时间表。
The workers strongly demanded the company improve the demanding work schedule.
2.喜悦的泪水顺着脸颊流下来,我们紧紧地拥抱在一起。
We hugged each other tightly, tears of joy streaming down our cheeks.
3.只要你相信自己, 你一定能成功地渡过难关。
As long as you believe in yourself, you will be bound to go through the difficulties successfully.
4.应当鼓励所有的儿童充分发挥他们的潜能。
All children should be encouraged to realize their full potential.
5.尽管筋疲力尽,她仍然很开心,因为她帮助了那些需要帮助的人。
Tired and exhausted as she was, she was still very delighted because of her help for those in need.
Ⅲ.教材语篇——课文缩写填空
(黑体词是本单元核心词汇)
　　Is artificial intelligence the greatest human achievement or the biggest threat to our 1.existence (exist) People in the Technology of Tomorrow Forum have different 2.views (view). Millenniumbutterfly thinks that his daily life is more convenient with the advance of artificial intelligence.For example, he has got his super-smart personal assistant 3.built (build) into his phone.The assistant answers any question he puts to her 4.immediately (immediate) and even uses his answers 5.to learn (learn) more about his preferences. He hopes that more 6. breakthroughs (breakthrough) in AI will be made soon, so that people can enjoy more and more benefits. Popkid admits that more advanced AI could be helpful in solving 7.the world’s problems, 8.but there is a high level of risk involved. Actually, none of us is 9.prepared (prepare) for the challenges of AI.In Pink haze’s opinion, people all need to coexist 10.with AI technology whether they like it or not. We have no choice but to embrace it and regulate it.
【写作提能练——升华主题写作】
单元话题微写作——四种模式之读后续写
　　With the start of new school, freshmen of Hendersonville High School in Nashville were excited to meet new classmates and teachers. Among them, however, 15-year-old Sergio Peralta was feeling very nervous because his right hand had never fully formed since he was born. Going to a new school and being “different” is always scary. Sergio was particularly concerned with what his classmates would think of him.
　　Sergio’s parents had trained him to use his left hand from an early age. As he grew up, he was used to not using his right hand. He could write with his left one and do some things with special tricks or techniques. Despite this, in the first days of new school, Sergio always felt like hiding his underdeveloped right hand in his sleeve as if nobody would ever find out if he did so.
　　It didn’t take long for someone to learn Sergio’s secret. Jeff Wilkins, the teacher of Sergio’s engineering class, figured out that Sergio was missing part of his hand and decided to do something for the new student. Jeff had been leading a robotics project in the school and expert in 3D printing technology. Besides, he hoped to take advantage of this hands-on chance to help his robotics students learn more about engineering and how building a robotic hand worked.
　　So in his class, Jeff announced with great enthusiasm. “You’re supposed to be engineering, coming up with new ideas and solving issues. Now Sergio needs a new hand, so we’ll work together to build Sergio a robotic hand.” His words fueled everyone’s curiosity and creativity.
　　For the next four weeks, Jeff and his class including Sergio worked on the project. After some precise measurements and research, the class put forward a design draft. Jeff made a few adjustments and gave them some practical suggestions. With access to online models and a 3D printer,they eventually created a robotic hand, which was intended to look good and work well,like catching something.
注意:续写词数应为150个左右。
　　Then came the final testing day._____________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
　　The life-changing gift for Sergio drew huge attention.____________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
Step 1　快读文本 获取信息
Where In the school
Who Sergio: something wrong with his right hand
Jeff: had been leading a robotics project in the school and expert in 3D printing technology
Class: curious and creative
What Jeff and the class tried to create a robotic hand for Sergio
Step 2　细读首句 合理推测
Paragraph 1:
衔接1——根据续写第一段首句中的testing day提问:Would the robotic hand work
过渡:How did Sergio feel/respond
Paragraph 2:
衔接2——根据续写第二段首句中的life-changing gift提问:What aspects of Sergio’s life were changed
衔接3——根据续写第二段首句中的drew huge attention提问:Whose attention did Sergio and his teacher and classmates draw
过渡:How did Jeff respond
主题:What resulted from the attention
Step 3　恰当用词 打造靓句
①全班同学都聚集在科学教室里,屏息凝神地看着杰夫小心翼翼地把他们自制的机械手装到塞吉奥的右臂上。非常合适!
The whole class gathered in the science classroom,watching breathlessly as Jeff carefully loaded their self-made robotic hand onto Sergio’s right arm. It fitted quite well!
②塞吉奥兴奋得手臂微微颤抖。然后,在老师和同学们的鼓励下,塞吉奥成功地接住了事先准备好的球,在场的每个人都爆发出欢呼声!
So excited was Sergio that his arm trembled slightly. Then, with the encouragement of the teacher and students, Sergio successfully caught hold of the ball prepared in advance and everyone present broke into cheers!
③塞吉奥拿着球,忍不住流下了眼泪。在之前的生活中,他从来没有想过他的右手会抓住什么东西!
Holding the ball, Sergio couldn’t contain his tears.Never in his previous life did he expect to catch something with his right hand!
④很快自愿捐款纷至沓来,这些捐款将用于学校的科学研究,帮助学生更好地发展。
Soon voluntary donations poured in, which would go to the school’s scientific research and help students develop better.
Step 4　衔接过渡 组句成篇
　　Then came the final testing day.The whole class gathered in the science classroom, watching breathlessly as Jeff carefully loaded their self-made robotic hand onto Sergio’s right arm. It fitted quite well! So excited was Sergio that his arm trembled slightly. Then, with the encouragement of the teacher and students, Sergio successfully caught hold of the ball prepared in advance and everyone present broke into cheers! Holding the ball, Sergio couldn’t contain his tears. Never in his previous life did he expect to catch something with his right hand!
　　The life-changing gift for Sergio drew huge attention. Jeff and his students became an instant hit and various media competed to cover the news. When interviewed about the intention of the project. Jeff said, “I intended Sergio’s robotic hand to show our support for him. Meanwhile, I hope to foster students’ scientific spirit through this hands-on operation.” His students stated that Jeff challenged them to transform abstract concepts into reality, from which they benefited greatly. Soon voluntary donations poured in, which would go to the school’s scientific research and help students develop better.Unit 5　Learning from nature
【Step 1题源研读·探寻主题提升思维】
Roads Are Driving Animals to Extinction道路正在使动物灭绝
　　Up to 1 million species are at risk of extinction—many within decades—because of human activities. Climate change, development, pollution, overfishing and hunting are all driving the crisis. However, roads are now considered to be at the top of those factors according to a new report. It’s estimated that as many as 1 million animals are killed on U.S. roads every day. And it’s not all squirrels and deer.A report by the Department of Transportation identified 21 federally endangered species that are being directly threatened by our roads. For many species and people, the impact is quite literally direct. But roads can also kill in more subtle ways, destroying habitat on either side of their path and blocking movement. Along Highway 101, in Southern California, the latter is driving extinction. Last year, mountain lion researchers started noticing something troubling in the big cats. Mountain lions were seen on game cameras and in-person with kinked tails. Audra Huffmeyer, a researcher at the University of California, Los Angeles, went a step further, completing the body analyses for five dead male lions. “All five individuals we sampled showed signs of reduced fertility,” she said. The findings were the first documented reproductive signs of inbreeding in the area’s long-isolated lions.These mountain lions, restricted in the 40-mile long mountain range, were producing their later generations with close relatives. They had been for some time. It wasn’t a surprise. Researchers had watched mountain lions approach Highway 101, intending to cross to other habitat, only to stop and turn around, scared off by the noise of the road. “It definitely increases the urgency of doing something about it,” Huffmeyer said. The wildlife crossing at Liberty Canyon should help. It’s being designed to give mountain lions and other species a precious escape route, connecting isolated populations in the Santa Monica Mountains with the larger world. —https://www.npr.org/ (同源高考:2023年新高考Ⅰ卷D篇阅读理解 选自本网站)
【金榜原创】 1.What can be inferred from Paragraph 2 (C) A.Roads are a main reason to kill squirrels and deer. B.Roads have seriously affected the habitat of animals. C.The 21 federal endangered species are about to disappear due to road impact. D.Compared with animals, the impact of roads on humans is little. 2.Why does the author mention mountain lions with kinked tails (B) A.To introduce a new species. B.To show the limited movement of animals by roads. C.To stress the shortage of food. D.To inform people of the action of the lions. 长难句分析 It’s being designed to give mountain lions and other species a precious escape route, connecting isolated populations in the Santa Monica Mountains with the larger world. 分析:本句句子主干是It’s being designed,to give mountain lions and other species a precious escape route作目的状语,connecting是v.-ing形式作状语,表伴随。 翻译:它的设计是为了给美洲狮和其他物种提供一条宝贵的逃生路线,将圣莫尼卡山脉与世隔绝的种群与更大的世界联系起来。
【Step 2考点突破·感悟经典运用提升】
提示:题干中本单元词汇加波浪线显示
【重点单词——巧积词汇】
1.employ v.雇用;利用 (时间、精力等);使用,运用
【步入经典】 单句语法填空/完成句子
①(2023·全国甲卷) Carson proves that a simple literary form that has been passed down through the ages can still be employed (employ) today to draw attention to important truths.
②(2022·浙江高考1月卷) For nearly a decade now, Merebeth has been a self-employed (self-employ) pet transport specialist.
③Artificial intelligence has been employed in many aspects of human life, and people are now banking more on it.
人工智能已经应用于人类生活的许多方面,人们现在越来越依赖它。 <写作运用:应用文写作之演讲稿>
(1)employ sb. to do　　 雇用某人做某事
employ sb. as　 雇用某人担任……
employ oneself in (doing) sth.
=sb.be employed in (doing) sth.　忙于(做)某事
(2)employer　 n.雇主
employee　　 n.雇员
(3)employment n.就业
out of employment 失业
2.withdraw v.退出; 提,取 (银行账户中的款); 撤离
【步入经典】 单句语法填空/完成句子
①(2021·天津高考)Henry David Thoreau was happy to withdraw from social life, seeking a harmonious relationship with nature in the quietness of his life.
②(剑桥高阶词典)The commander ordered an immediate withdrawal (withdraw) of the troops from this area.
③She had to withdraw from the competition because of her leg injury.
她因腿伤不得不退出比赛。 <写作运用:应用文写作之新闻报道>
(1)withdraw from sth.　(使)离开,撤离
withdraw sb./sth.from sth. 使某人/某物从……离开或退出
withdraw sth.out of 从……取出……
(2)withdrawal　　　　 n.撤走;收回;提款
(3)withdraw,withdrew, withdrawn
3.resign v.使自己顺从于(做)某事;安于;辞职
【步入经典】 单句语法填空/完成句子
①(剑桥高阶词典) He resigned (resign) from the company in order to take a more challenging job.
②(牛津高阶词典)She imagined walking into the office and handing in her resignation (resign).
③(柯林斯词典)In order to look after her sick mother, my friend decided to resign her position as manager.
④No matter what happens, I will not resign myself to the so-called fate.
无论发生什么,我都不会顺从于所谓的命运。 <写作运用:读后续写之个人成长>
(1)resign oneself to... 顺从/使自己安于……
resign from 辞职,放弃
resign one’s post/position as 辞去……职务
(2)resigned　　 adj.顺从的
(3)resignation n.辞职;辞职信;顺从,听任
4.ease n.容易;舒适;自在 vt.&vi.减轻;缓解;使安心;(使)宽慰
【步入经典】 单句语法填空/完成句子
①(牛津高阶词典)The ease with which she learns languages is astonishing.
②(柯林斯词典)He’s at ease speaking pidgin with the factory workers and guys on the docks.
③He was nervous at first but the audience’s warm applause soon put him at ease.
起初他有些紧张,但是观众的热情掌声很快使他放松了下来。 <写作运用:读后续写之个人成长>
with ease　　　　　容易地;不费力地
at ease with 放松;不拘束
put/set sb. at ease 使某人放松/自在
5.depressive adj.抑郁的
【步入经典】 单句语法填空/完成句子
①Teenagers who are addicted to the Internet are more likely to suffer from depression (depress).
②The more she thought about it, the more depressed (depress) she became.
③Uneasy and depressed, I determined to do my best to cope with this worrying situation.
感到不安和沮丧,我决定尽我所能应付这种令人担忧的情况。 <写作运用:读后续写之个人成长>
(1)depress 　　　　 v.使沮丧,使消沉,使失去信心;使萧条
(2)depressed adj.沮丧的
(3)depressing adj.令人沮丧的
(4)depression　 n.沮丧;不景气;抑郁症
【词缀拓展】 -ive 结尾的形容词
active积极的;活跃的　　　 creative 有创造力的
impressive 给人印象深刻的 relative　相关的
expressive 富有表现力的 effective 有效的
reflective 反光的;沉思的 attractive 有吸引力的
interactive 相互交流的;互动的
6.convert v.使转换;使转变
【步入经典】 单句语法填空/完成句子
①(柯林斯词典)If you try to convert (convert) him, you could find he just walks away.
②A loft conversion (convert) can add considerably to the value of a house.
③(柯林斯词典)It takes 15 minutes to convert the plane into a car by removing the wings and the tail.
④They insist they were in the country to help the poor, not to convert them. 他们坚称,他们在这个国家是为了帮助穷人,而不是改变他们。
(1)convert...to/into... 使……改变成……, (使)转变为……
(2)convert to/into sth. 转变成某物
(3)convert from...to... 从……转变为……
(4)conversion n.转变,转换;(信仰)改变
【核心短语——妙积词块】
7.take...for granted 认为……理所当然
【步入经典】 用take的相关短语填空/完成句子
①—I feel so nervous about tomorrow’s National English Speech Competition that I want to withdraw.
—Take it/things easy.
②Take your time—it’s just a short distance from here to the restaurant.
③The teacher takes the students’ different learning styles into account/consideration when designing the class.
④You should not take it for granted that you can do the work perfectly. Take it seriously and seek solutions to these problems.
不要想当然地认为你能把这项工作做得十分完美。认真对待它,并寻找这些问题的答案。 <写作运用:应用文写作之建议信>
(1)take one’s time　　　　　 不匆忙;别着急(指时间上)
(2)take...seriously　　 认真对待……
(3)take it/things easy 轻松;不紧张;从容
(4)take...into account/consideration 把……考虑在内
8.in return for(=in reward for) 作为对……的回报
【步入经典】 单句语法填空/同义句转换/完成句子
①(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷) I post my work on social media and, in turn, have met some of the kindest people.
②I gave him my favorite book in return for his timely help.
③The two sisters took care of their sick mother by turns.
→The two sisters took turns to take care of their sick mother.
④You mentioned in the letter that you would like to teach me English in return, which is exactly what I have been dying/longing for.
你在信里提到作为回报你想教我英语,这正是我一直渴望的。 <写作运用:应用文写作之求助信>
(1)in return　　　　　　　 作为报答;回报
(2)in turn　　　　　 依次;反过来
(3)by turns　　 轮流
(4)It’s one’s turn to do sth. 轮到某人做某事
(5)take turns to do sth. 轮流做某事
【经典句型——速积表达】
9.To meet the needs of today while protecting the world of tomorrow may be a challenge, but even the simplest organisms can help teach us how to achieve this. 在保护明天的世界的同时满足今天的需要可能是一个挑战,但即使是最简单的生物体也可以教我们如何实现这一点。
【步入经典】 单句语法填空/完成句子
①Though defeated (defeat), he was still in high spirits and optimistic about the next competition.
②(2023·全国乙卷)They felt stressed while waiting (wait) for the sunset.
③If given (give) the precious opportunity, I will spare no effort to work for the company.
④When approaching the teachers’ office, I felt extremely anxious, (with) my hands trembling uncontrollably.
走近老师办公室时,我感到非常紧张,双手不由自主地颤抖。 <写作运用:读后续写之动作+心理描写>
当when, while, before, after, unless, as if, if等引导的状语从句中的主语与主句主语一致或从句主语是it,且从句谓语中含有be动词时, 可以省略从句中的主语和be动词。
【Step 3进阶演练·强化基础素养落实】
【基础全面练——练透单元要点】
Ⅰ.语境填空——练熟高频词汇
1.After school she plans to take a year off to model full-time before going to university to get a degree in engineering or architecture (architect).
2.His application for membership of the organization was rejected(reject) so he was rather upset.
3.It is widely acknowledged that students should be evaluated (evaluate) in terms of overall quality.
4.They had received no news of him since his departure (depart)from the island.
5.White has always been a symbol of purity (pure) in Western cultures.
6.As a teenager, we should make the most of time and manage our time wisely (wise).
7.The newspaper reported that a back injury forced her to withdraw from Wimbledon. But the next day it published a withdrawal. (withdraw)
8.He resigned from his position yesterday, but his sudden resignation brought much inconvenience to the company. (resign)
9.If you fulfil your task ahead of time, you will have a sense of fulfilment.(fulfilment)
10.On hearing the depressing news, John felt depressed and soon got into a state of depression. (....depress)
Ⅱ.完成句子——活用短语句式
1.很多人认为他们理所当然地应该过一种体面的生活,因此他们会更努力工作,而不愿认命。
Many people take it for granted that they should live a decent life, so they will work harder rather than resign themselves to fate.
2.为了满足各种各样的顾客的需求,我们从国内外专家写的书里面汲取灵感,决定从传统市场撤出。
To meet the needs of various customers, we took inspiration from the books written by experts at home and abroad and decided to withdraw from the traditional market.
3.走在农村的小路上,我被池塘里的荷花、随风摇曳的桑树和飞舞的蜻蜓吸引。(状语从句的省略)
While walking on the rural lanes, I was attracted by the lotus flowers in the pond, the mulberry trees swinging in the wind and the flying dragonflies.
4.半小时后我们到达了那座老城,发现我们都被那里的自然美景吸引了。(find+oneself+宾语补足语)
Half an hour later, we arrived at the old town and found ourselves attracted by its natural beauty.
5.聊天是缓解压力的有效方式,在聊天过程中,我们可能会得到一些建议和解决方法。
Talking is a very effective way to ease pressure, and during the talking, we may get some suggestions and solutions.
Ⅲ.教材语篇——课文缩写填空
(黑体词是本单元核心词汇)
Nature has inspired many fascinating designs 1.in architecture. Singapore’s ArtScience Museum, 2.shaped(shape) to resemble a lotus flower, was designed to show the connection between nature and the modern city environment. Visitors are often amazed to find 3.themselves (they) in an urban building that so truly captures the beauty of natural forms.Zimbabwean architect Mick Pearce 4.was inspired (inspire) to create Harare’s Eastgate Centre while 5.watching (watch) termites constructing their nests. The design reduces the need for 6.traditional (tradition) air conditioning and heating systems, so the building uses less energy and costs less to run. The 7.world’s (world) first algae-powered building is in Hamburg, Germany. Its surface is covered in panels 8.that/which contain algae. The building therefore not only uses less energy, 9.but also reduces damage to the environment by generating its own renewable energy. Creating such 10.buildings (building) enables us to live in closer harmony with our environment.
【写作提能练——升华主题写作】
单元话题微写作——四种模式之应用文连句成篇
你们学校正举办主题为“用英文讲中国故事”的征文活动。要求以一位中国历史人物为题写一篇短文投稿。你打算介绍你最喜爱的人物陶渊明,请根据提示,使用本单元词汇与句型写一篇80词左右的短文。
典句提示
1.陶渊明是东晋时期一位著名的、有影响力的诗人。
2.他笔下平静祥和的生活与压抑的官场生活形成了鲜明的对比。
3.因为不愿意屈从于腐败的官场生活,他退出了安逸而熟悉的生活,决定回归自然。
4.在乡村,他过着简单的生活,但他从自然中获取乐趣,获得了个人的幸福和满足感,感觉很放松。
连句成篇
Tao Yuanming
　　Tao Yuanming, living in Eastern Jin Dynasty, is a noted and influential poet. The calm and peaceful life he wrote about was in great contrast to the depressive official life. Reluctant to resign himself to the corrupt official life, he withdrew from his cozy and familiar life and decided to return to nature. In the countryside, although he lived a simple life, he drew great pleasure from nature and attained personal well-being and fulfilment, feeling at ease. Unit 3　War and peace
【Step 1　题源研读·探寻主题提升思维】
Stylists Weave Together Chinese and Italian Designs
“中意”合璧出新装
　　At the Nanning Museum, located in South China’s Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, a surprising black skirt decorated with wonderful ethnic design elements has been a hit, with tourists flooding in to take photos. 　　This creation has been designed by famous Italian designer Mossi Borella, and is an impressive feature of the museum’s collection. 　　Borella’s design is a creative combination of Western fashion art and elements from ethnic groups in China. Drawing inspiration from the complex customs of these groups, he incorporated their features into the dress. 　　“Before designing this dress, we were inspired by Guangxi’s Zhuang brocade, and it took me two weeks to choose the color to match the belt pattern. It can be said that we (Italy) make the house of the concept but you (China) made the heart of the house,” says Yosmany Larrea, Borella’s partner. 　　Borella and Larrea share a love for ethnic cultures, and they first learned about Guangxi’s ethnic groups back in 2018.In December 2019, they led a team of Italian designers to Nanning. “I was shocked on arriving at the workshop and I felt like I stepped into a magical land. Weaving skills are good, and Zhuang brocade is beautiful. I also touched the materials. At that time, I hoped to bring Zhuang brocade elements into my design immediately,” Borella says. 　　During the visit, Borella was impressed by the skills of local people in creating brocade and their rich cultural heritage. He felt inspired to incorporate these ethnic elements into his design and share them with the world. 　　According to Borella, by using modern design concepts to present the culture and history of Chinese ethnic groups to Western consumers, they would further promote the ethnic culture represented by the Zhuang brocade in Europe. —https://www.chinadaily./ (同源高考:2023年全国甲卷语法填空选自本网站)
金榜原创 1.What does the underlined word “incorporated” in Paragraph 3 probably mean (A) A.Included.　　　B.Protected. C.Influenced.　 D.Produced. 2.How does Borella think of the Zhuang brocade’s market in Europe (D) A.It is challenging. B.It is hard to say. C.It needs further research. D.It is worth expecting. 长难句分析 At the Nanning Museum, located in South China’s Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, a surprising black skirt decorated with wonderful ethnic design elements has been a hit, with tourists flooding in to take photos. 分析:本句句子主干是a surprising black skirt has been a hit, located in South China’s Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region是过去分词作后置定语,修饰Nanning Museum; decorated with wonderful ethnic design elements是过去分词作后置定语,修饰skirt; with tourists flooding in是“with+宾语+宾语补足语”的复合结构,其中tourists和flood之间为主动关系。
【Step 2　考点突破·感悟经典运用提升】
提示:题干中本单元词汇加波浪线显示
【重点单词——巧积词汇】
1.relevant adj.有关的, 切题的
【步入经典】 单句语法填空/完成句子
①(朗文词典)What experience do you have that is relevant to this position
②(牛津高阶词典)The applicant has much experience in teaching and, more relevantly (relevant), in industry.
③(牛津高阶词典)What he said has no direct relevance (relevant) to the matter in hand.
④If anything relevant occurs to you, please do tell me.
如果你想到了相关的内容,请一定告诉我。 <写作运用:应用文写作之求助信>
2.commander n.指挥官,长官
【步入经典】 单句语法填空/完成句子
①(剑桥高阶词典) As soon as his officers were in position, the police commander (command) walked up the path towards the house.
②His command that the spy (should) be killed (kill) at once was secretly carried out.
③(牛津高阶词典)He looked relaxed and totally in command of himself.
④I have such a good command of oral English that I will have no trouble communicating with foreigners.
我如此精通英语口语,我将会毫无障碍地与外国人交流。 <写作运用:应用文写作之申请信>
(1)command 　　　　 v.命令;博得;控制;指挥
n.命令;掌握;运用能力
(2)command that...(should) do... 命令……(应该)做……
(3)take/in command of 指挥;控制;掌管
(4)have a good command of 掌握……;精通……
3.representative n.代表 adj.典型的;有代表性的
【步入经典】 单句语法填空/完成句子
①(2022·北京高考) More researchers, policymakers and representatives (representative) from the food industry must learn to look beyond their direct lines of responsibility and adopt a systems approach.
②(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷)Reading Art: Art for Book Lovers is a celebration of an everyday object—the book, represented (represent) here in almost three hundred artworks from museums around the world.
③After that,a student representative will give a speech about the dreams and responsibilities of the younger generations.
之后,学生代表将发表关于年轻一代的梦想和责任的演讲。 <写作运用: 应用文写作之活动通知>
represent 　　　　　 v.代表;象征;展示;描绘;声称
represent sb./sth. as/to be... 宣称某人为……;把某事叙述为……
represent sth. to sb. 向某人说明(传达)某事
4.objective n.目的, 目标 adj.客观的
【步入经典】 单句语法填空/完成句子
①(柯林斯词典)Working people everywhere object to paying taxes.
②(新英汉词典)The chief objection (object) to this book is its great length.
③(2022·北京高考)This shows that we have some way to travel before achieving the first objective (object) of systems thinking—which, in this example, is to identify more constituent parts of the nutrition system.
④It’s hard to give an objective comment when you don’t like a person.
当你不喜欢一个人时,你很难给出一个客观的意见。 <写作运用:应用文写作之建议信>
(1)object　　　　　　 v.反对;不赞成 n.物体
(2)object to sb./sth.　　 反对;不赞成……
(3)object to (sb.) doing sth. 反对(某人)做某事
(4)objection　　 n.不赞成;反对;异议
【备选要点】
1.violence n.暴力
【步入经典】 单句语法填空
①Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and were too violent (violence) for use at the table.
②(柯林斯词典) Suddenly she gave a low, choking moan and began to tremble violently (violent).
③(牛津高阶词典)Humour is a more effective defence than violence (violent).
(1)violent 　　　adj.激烈的;强烈的;暴力的
(2)violently adv.激烈地; 厉害地; 凶猛地
2.condemn v.谴责,严厉指责;迫使(某人)处于不幸的境地
【步入经典】 单句语法填空/完成句子
①This kindergarten was condemned for abusing naughty children.
②Because of lack of qualifications, they are condemned to do (do) dull and often poorly-paid work.
③The boy is so kind and positive that he is condemned to have a bright future.
这个男孩是如此善良、积极,他注定会有一个光明的未来。 <写作运用:读后续写之主题升华>
(1)condemn sb. for (doing) sth. 因为(做)某事而谴责某人
(2)be condemned to do sth. 注定做某事;被迫做某事
(3)be condemned to death 被判处死刑
【核心短语——妙积词块】
5.hold down 压制;限制
【步入经典】 语段填词
Having been held up by the traffic jam for about one hour, he couldn’t hold back his anger any longer and gave up the job interview that day, which caused him to lose a fantastic opportunity. So remember when problems arise, hold down your anger and just be patient. As long as you hold on to your aim, you will make it.
在被塞车耽搁了大约一个小时后,他再也抑制不住愤怒,放弃了那天的面试,这使他失去了一次极好的机会。所以请记住,当问题出现时,压抑你的愤怒,保持耐心。只要坚持你的目标,你就会成功。
hold back　　阻挡;抵制;克制;控制;犹豫
hold out　 (食物等)维持;伸出;坚持
hold up　　 举起;支撑;抢劫
hold on (打电话时用语) 请等一下, 不要挂断;坚持住,挺住
hold on to 抓住;坚持,不放弃
6.make it 成功;达到预定目标;约定时间或日期;及时到达某地或赶上车、船; 战胜个人伤痛、死亡
【步入经典】 单句语法填空/完成句子
①(朗文当代词典)It makes sense to save money while you can.
②I was impressed by her sincerity so deeply at that time that I decided to make friends with her.
③I am firmly convinced that with your continuous efforts, you will finally make it.
我坚信,经过你的不懈努力,你将成功。 <写作运用:读后续写之个人成长>
make sense　　 有意义, 合理
make enemies 树敌
make friends with sb. 与某人交朋友
make tea　 泡茶
make money　 赚钱
【经典句型——速积表达】
7.Driven by a sense of commitment, a great many joined the army to resist the Japanese invaders and defend the honour of the nation.
在责任感的驱使下,许多人参军抵抗日本侵略者,保卫国家的荣誉。
【步入经典】 单句语法填空/完成句子
①(2024·青岛模拟)Dough(面团) sculpture, also known as dough flowers, dates (date) back to the Han Dynasty (202 BC—220).
②When seen (see) from afar, the mangrove forests appear more splendid.
③Since the foundation of the “Talk and Talk” programme, a variety of topics have been covered, ranging from music, sports to learning strategies and life in high school.
自“Talk and Talk”成立起,涵盖了各种各样的主题,从音乐、体育到学习策略和高中生活。
(1)过去分词或过去分词短语作状语修饰谓语动词表示的动作,其逻辑上的主语就是句子的主语。过去分词(短语)作状语往往可以用相应的状语从句或并列复合句来代替。
(2)注意:
①过去分词作状语时,它的逻辑主语一般必须和句子的主语相一致。
②过去分词作状语时,分词前面也可加when, once,though,where等连词,此时相当于一个含有被动语态的状语从句。
【Step 3　进阶演练·强化基础素养落实】
【基础全面练——练透单元要点】
Ⅰ.语境填空——练熟高频词汇
1.It was in 1949 that Xinjiang was liberated (liberate) peacefully and people of all nationalities have worked hard to build their fine homeland since then.
2.A group of academics(academic) say they can predict house prices through a computer program.
3.The family hugged and smiled through misty (mist) eyes and then laughed.
4.Roughly(rough) speaking, we receive about fifty letters a week on the subject.
5.Unlike most of her fellow postgraduates, Zhang Xiaoyang chose to go to DunHuang Academy, landing (land) a job as an archaeologist.
6.In his speech he proposed that the UN set up an emergency (emergent) centre for the environment.
7.She is a dedicated teacher who has been dedicated to teaching and her dedication to teaching gained the respect of all her students. (dedicate)
8.I could barely hear any sound when he came in because he walked with bare feet. (bare)
9.I got much professional advice from the famous professor in my profession, so I made great progress. (profession)
10.A memorial service is being held for the soldiers in memory of their contributions to the independence of our country.(memory)
Ⅱ.完成句子——活用短语句式
1.接到炸弹警报后,各应急服务机构进入待命状态。
The emergency services were put on standby after a bomb warning.
2.让我们共同努力,保护世界的和平、稳定和发展。
Let’s work together to preserve the world peace, stability and development.
3.在好奇心的驱使下,简走进了森林深处。
Driven by curiosity, Jane walked into the deep forest.
4.没有公共汽车,我们只好步行回家。
There being no bus, we had to walk home.
5.如歌中所唱的那样,这条漫长而曲折的道路“永远不会消失”,它将永远留在游客的记忆中。
As the song goes, this long and winding road “will never disappear”, and it will always stick in the visitors’ memory.
Ⅲ.教材语篇——课文缩写填空
(黑体词是本单元核心词汇)
　　In 1944, allied troops made up mainly of British, Canadian and American soldiers were gathering in large numbers,1.which marked one of the final stages of a top-secret operation.This operation 2.was code-named (code-name) “Operation Overlord”, and it was the largest combined sea, air and land operation in history, whose aim was 3.to free (free) north-west Europe from German 4.occupation (occupy). 5.Encouraged (encourage) by General Eisenhower’s words, Allied soldiers prepared for what would become known as D-Day. 6.At dawn on 6 June, the war began.The fight was brutal.Boats were hit and men 7.drowned(drown), while those who did make it to the beach faced heavy machine gunfire. Despite the high cost in human life, the D-Day landings were 8.a success and were seen 9.widely (wide) as the beginning of the end of the Second World War.Seventy years later, men who had fought on D-Day gathered on both sides of the English Channel for memorial ceremonies.Although the 10.survivors (survive) of the D-Day landings are fewer in number each year, their outstanding acts of courage mean that we will always remember them.
【写作提能练——升华主题写作】
单元话题微写作——四种模式之应用文句式升级
　　假定你是李华, 你校英文报 “Great War Heroes” 栏目正在征文。请用英语写一篇短文,介绍我国著名的战斗英雄杨根思并投稿。内容包括:
　　1.人物简介;
　　2.革命经历;
　　3.获得的荣誉。
注意:1.写作词数应为80个左右;
2.可以适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯;
3.尽量使用本单元学到的词汇和短语。
Step 1　要点写作 根据汉语提示补全句子。
①杨根思,江苏泰兴人,是一个有名的战斗英雄。
Yang Gensi, born in Taixing, Jiangsu Province, was a well-known war hero.
②他为1950年的朝鲜战争的胜利做出了巨大的贡献,也因此被人铭记。
He made great contributions to the victory of Korean War in 1950.So he was remembered.
③战争中,美军逃到了杨根思部队所在的地方。美军在那里发起了几次攻击。
During the war, the US military escaped to the place where Yang Gensi’s troops were and launched several attacks there.
④最终,杨用尽了子弹。他捡起约10千克的炸药,在牺牲自己生命的同时杀死了40多名美国士兵。
In the end, Yang ran out of bullets. He picked up about 10 kilograms of explosives and killed over 40 US soldiers while sacrificing his own life.
⑤他的精神影响了整个志愿军。
His spirit affected the entire volunteer army.
Step 2　句式升级
⑥将②中的两个句子合并为一个表因果关系的句子
He was remembered for his great contributions to the victory of Korean War in 1950.
⑦用定语从句改写④中的句子
In the end, Yang ran out of bullets, after which he picked up about 10 kilograms of explosives and killed over 40 US soldiers while sacrificing his own life.
Step 3　组句成篇 适当运用关联词串联以上句子。
　　Yang Gensi, born in Taixing, Jiangsu Province, was a well-known war hero.He was remembered for his great contributions to the victory of Korean War in 1950.During the war, the US military escaped to the place where Yang Gensi’s troops were and launched several attacks there.In the end, Yang ran out of bullets, after which he picked up about 10 kilograms of explosives and killed over 40 US soldiers while sacrificing his own life. Therefore, his spirit affected the entire volunteer army. Unit 2　A life’s work
【Step 1　题源研读·探寻主题提升思维】
89-year-old Retiree Earns Ph.D.in Physics from Ivy League School
89岁退休老人获常春藤大学物理学博士学位
　　Graduating from an Ivy League school is an impressive accomplishment for anyone. But for Manfred Steiner, graduating from Brown University is significant. Steiner had always dreamed of becoming a physicist. So, at age 70, he started taking classes at Brown. 　　Steiner, already has a medical degree, which he earned because his family encouraged him to choose that instead of physics. He went on to earn a Ph.D.in biochemistry, then became a hematologist and researched blood disorders at the school. He also served as the head of the hematology(血液学) section of Brown’s medical school. 　　But when he retired, he didn’t want retirement to stop him from living his dream. He started taking physics classes at Brown. Why this field “Precision,” he said. “In medicine, I always felt there were so many variables,” Steiner said. “In physics, there are some variables, but you can go to a precision that is unmatched anywhere in the other scientific world.” 　　At 70 he began taking one or two classes a term and eventually made it to graduate school. “I thought, ‘Why not continue now I might as well get a Ph.D.’ It has always been my dream,” he said. “I wanted this.” Steiner defended his thesis, which officially earned him his Ph.D.in physics. “I was excited, I was, really,” he said. “I mean, ‘I made it! I really made it.’” 　　As for going for a third Ph.D.in his 90s, Steiner has no plans. “There are other subjects that I was interested in—philosophy, history—but I said, ‘No, it’s enough.’ Now I’ve reached what I’ve always wanted.Physics is what interests me, and this is what I want to end my life with.” 　　Steiner’s advice for other retirees is to keep your mind sharp by giving yourself new things to ponder. —https://www./news/ (同源高考:2020年新高考Ⅰ卷完形填空选自本网站)
金榜原创 1.What will Steiner do after receiving his Ph.D. in physics (D) A.He is going to study history. B.He is going to study philosophy. C.He wants to go for a third Ph.D. D.He prepares to study physics continuously. 2.In which section of a newspaper may this text appear (B) A.Health.　　　　B.Education. C.Business. D.Entertainment. 长难句分析 Steiner’s advice for other retirees is to keep your mind sharp by giving yourself new things to ponder. 分析:本句中句子主干是Steiner’s advice for other retirees is to keep your mind sharp,to keep your mind sharp是不定式短语作表语;by giving yourself new things to ponder是介词短语作方式状语。 翻译:斯坦纳对其他退休人员的建议是,通过让自己思考新事物来保持思维敏捷。
【Step 2　考点突破·感悟经典运用提升】
提示:题干中本单元词汇加波浪线显示
【重点单词——巧积词汇】
1.ambitious adj.宏大的,艰巨的;有野心的
【步入经典】 单句语法填空/完成句子
①(朗文词典)The company’s grand ambition (ambitious) was to become the first and biggest global airline.
②The book of Weiner is daring and ambitious (ambition).
③Young Chinese should be ambitious and work hard, living up to the expectations of the country and the people.
中国青年要胸怀大志、奋发有为,不辜负国家和人民的期望。 <写作运用:应用文写作之倡议书>
(1)be ambitious to do sth. 渴望做某事
(2)ambition　 n.雄心,抱负;野心
achieve one’s ambition 实现某人的抱负/愿望
(3)ambitiously adv.雄心勃勃地
2.fascination n.着迷, 迷恋
【步入经典】 单句语法填空/完成句子
①(2021·天津高考)Fascinated (fascinate) by the structural beauty of the Forbidden City as a painter, she is equally interested to learn more about Chinese philosophy.
②Kunming is an extremely beautiful place, where you can feast your eyes with its fascinating (fascinate) scenery.
③The moment we went into the park, we were fascinated by the beautiful scenery there.
我们一走进公园,就被那里的美景迷住了。 <写作运用:应用文写作之活动介绍>
(1)with/in fascination 　　　　入迷地;着迷地
(2)have a fascination for/with 对……感兴趣
(3)be fascinated by 对……着迷/极感兴趣
3.comprise v.包括,由……构成
【步入经典】 单句语法填空/一句多译
①(朗文当代词典)The committee is comprised(comprise) of well-known mountaineers.
②(牛津高阶词典) Six people were killed in the riot, including (include) a policeman.
③这个游乐园由七个主题区组成。
The amusement park is made up of/is composed of/is comprised of seven themed zones.
→The amusement park consists of seven themed zones. <写作运用: 应用文写作之活动介绍>
4.preserve v.维护,保护;保存 n.(某人或群体活动、工作等的)专门领域;保护区
【步入经典】 单句语法填空/完成句子
①(牛津高阶词典)The society was set up to preserve endangered species from extinction.
②(剑桥高阶词典)There is great public concern about some of the chemicals used in food preservation (preserve).
③(2024·日照模拟) Although the real grotto in Dunhuang is no longer open to the public, the digitally restored grotto can be preserved (preserve) forever in the digital space.
④We should go all out to find various ways to preserve and spread the traditional culture of China.
我们应该努力找到各种方法来保存和传播中国传统文化。 <写作运用: 应用文写作之活动介绍>
(1)preserve...from...　　保护……免受……
nature preserve 自然保护区
(2)well-preserved adj.保存良好的
(3)preservation n.维护;保护;保养
in good preservation　 处于良好的保存状态
5.associate v.与……有关;联想;联系 n.同伴;伙伴
【步入经典】 单句语法填空/一句多译
①(2022·北京高考)Gas naturally has no recognisable smell. However, a strong smell is added so that we can raise the alarm when we detect the smell associated (associate) with danger.
②(牛津高阶词典)The association(associate) was formed to represent the interests of women artists.
③很多严重的健康问题与吸烟有关。
There are many serious health problems that/which are associated with smoking.(定语从句)
→There are many serious health problems associated with smoking.(过去分词短语作后置定语)
→There are many serious health problems in association with smoking.(介词短语作定语)
(1)associate...with... 使……与……联合起来;合伙
(2)be associated with 与……有关
(3)association n.联合;联想;协会;社团
(4)in association with 与……有关;与……联合
【备选要点】
fashion n.时尚
【步入经典】 单句语法填空/完成句子
①Although he always knew where fashionable (fashion) parties and events were happening, Cunningham liked to photograph ordinary people in the poor Bronx as much as VIPs in rich Manhattan.
②Long skirts have come into fashion again and faded jeans are still in fashion, too.
长裙子又流行起来,漂浅的牛仔裤还很时髦。
③When every pupil in the school wears the uniform, nobody has to worry about fashion.
当学校里的每个学生都穿校服时,没有人需要担心时尚。 <写作运用:应用文写作之建议信>
(1)in fashion　　　　 流行的
out of fashion 过时的
come into fashion 开始流行
(2)fashionable adj.流行的,时兴的,时髦的
【核心短语——妙积词块】
6.back down 退让;认输
【步入经典】 完成句子
①Spending years apart from his family and enduring the extreme conditions of the Gobi Desert, he refused to back down from his responsibilities and kept on conducting scientific research.
与家人分离多年,忍受戈壁沙漠的极端条件,他(邓稼先)拒绝放弃自己的责任,坚持进行科学研究。
②I firmly believed that the new evidence would back up my argument.
我坚信新的证据会支持我的论点。
③Whatever difficulties we meet,we should never back down.
不论我们遇到什么困难,我们永远都不能退缩。<写作运用:读后续写之主题升华>
back and forth　　　 往返,来回
turn one’s back on 背对,背弃
go back on 违背;食言
back up　　 支持,援助;倒退
7.nothing more than=no more than不过;仅仅;只有
【步入经典】 完成句子
①(牛津高阶词典)In most people’s eyes she was nothing more than a common criminal.
在多数人的眼里她只不过是个普通的罪犯。
②He failed in the exam again. In my view, he was more lazy than stupid.
他考试又不及格。在我看来,与其说他笨,不如说他懒。
③I’m more than delighted to know that you will come to our school as an exchange student.
很高兴知道你将作为交换生来我们学校。
(1)more than　　 很,非常;不仅仅;多于
(2)more...than... 比……更……;与其说……不如说……
(3)no more than 不过;仅仅;只有(侧重数量少)
(4)not more than 最多;不超过
【误区释疑】
(1)当more than用来连接两个主语时,谓语动词的数通常与第一个主语的数保持一致。
(2)more...than...结构强调more后面的内容,表示同一个人或事物的两种特征对比。
8.take up 拿起;开始从事;占去(时间或空间)
【步入经典】 单句语法填空/完成句子
①(牛津高阶词典)She has taken up a job as a teacher after graduating from university.
②(2021·天津高考)As I watched him take off his basketball uniform and replace it with a baseball uniform, I saw him leaving behind the layer that no longer served him, just as our lizard had.
③I tried to take notes of what the teacher said, however, the teacher spoke so fast that I couldn’t take everything down.
④Although there will be a lot of challenges ahead, I have the confidence to take on the burden.
尽管前面有很多挑战,但我有信心勇挑重担。
【经典句型——速积表达】
9. If it hadn’t been for a three-episode documentary, outsiders would never have known that the plainly-dressed people working here are masters of their craft, who have spent their lives restoring precious antiques.如果不是一部三集的纪录片, 外人永远不会知道, 在这里工作的穿着朴素的人, 是他们手艺的大师, 他们一生都在修复珍贵的古董。
【步入经典】 单句语法填空/完成句子
①If it had not been for your help, I wouldn’t have made (not make) great progress in English.
②If it were (be) not for the atmosphere, the earth would be either too hot or too cold.
③If it hadn’t been your help, I wouldn’t have got the first prize in the English Writing Competition.
如果不是你的帮助,我就不会在英语写作比赛中获得第一名。 <写作运用:应用文写作之感谢信>
非真实条件句中的虚拟语气
项目 虚拟条件句 主句
与现在事实相反 动词的过去式(be动词一般用were) would/could/should/ might+动词原形
与过去事实相反 had+过去分词 would/could/should/ might+have done
与将来事实相反 should/were to+动词原形;动词过去式 would/could/should/ might+动词原形
【Step 3　进阶演练·强化基础素养落实】
【基础全面练——练透单元要点】
Ⅰ.语境填空——练熟高频词汇
1.The fascination (fascinate) of the game lies in trying to guess what your opponent is thinking.
2.A man’s success is greatly associated (associate) with his perseverance.
3.Although he was a world-famous fashion photographer, Cunningham’s approach to life was uncomplicated (complicated). He lived in a small apartment with a shared washroom.
4.(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷)Adults are portrayed (描绘) alone in many settings and poses (pose)— absorbed in a volume, deep in thought or lost in a moment of leisure.
5.(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)Millions of waterfowl(水禽) were killed at the hands of market hunters and a handful of overly ambitious (ambition)sportsmen.
6.There was a great demand for ice for food preservation (preserve) and catering.
7.Fashionable people should be masters instead of slaves of fashion . (fashion)
8.The firm has dominated 70 percent of the world market, which means it has a dominant position in the world market. (dominate)
9.Even if every clock in the Palace Museum were restored, there would still be work to do, because restoration would probably need to begin again on the clocks that were repaired long ago. (restore)
10.The works of the architect show a deep understanding of modern architecture and a good knowledge of traditions. (architect)
Ⅱ.完成句子——活用短语句式
1.如果我是你,我会提前了解唐朝历史并背诵一些唐诗。(含有条件句的虚拟语气)
If I were you, I would learn about the history of the Tang Dynasty in advance and recite some Tang poems.
2.去年我们向地震基金会捐赠了很多钱。(contribute)
We contributed much money to the earthquake fund last year.
3.她在一个原则问题上拒绝让步。(back down)
She refused to back down on a point of principle.
4.听说你要来中国旅行,我非常开心。(more than)
I am more than delighted to know that you will come to China to have a visit.
5.竹子与健康、富足和幸福的家庭联系在一起。(associate)
Bamboo plants are associated with health, abundance and a happy home.
Ⅲ.教材语篇——课文缩写填空
(黑体词是本单元核心词汇)
　　Bill Cunningham was one of the most important American photographers of the last 50 years so that every member of New York’s wealthy high society wanted nothing more than 1.to pose (pose) for him. Cunningham always used simple, 2.relatively (relative) cheap cameras and took all his pictures on the streets of New York. Although Cunningham always knew 3.where fashionable parties and events were happening, he liked to photograph ordinary people. He found 4.inspiration (inspire) where others could not.
　　In addition, 5.what made Cunningham great was his devotion to photography. He would even stay outside in a storm, not 6.coming (come) back until he knew he had the right photos.He hardly ever took a day 7.off and not once stayed home sick.
　　Although he was a world-famous fashion photographer, Cunningham’s approach to life was 8.uncomplicated (complicated). Cunningham never accepted the benefits 9.offered (offer) to him for being a fashion photographer. He was a “10.cultural (culture) anthropologist”, who we can thank for recording the life of a whole city and its people over half a century.
【写作提能练——升华主题写作】
单元话题微写作——四种模式之应用文补全短文
　　假设你是新华中学高三学生李华。你的英国朋友邀请你给他们的校报投稿,推荐一位有工匠精神的艺人。(根据文中的提示,使用本单元词汇与句型补全短文。)
　　Wang Jin, a clock restoration master, has spent his life 1.restoring precious antiques(修复珍贵文物). He has become a celebrity (名人) now. 2.Day in, day out (日复一日), Mr Wang and his students have spent their time restoring clocks 3.dating back (起源于) hundreds of years. Through their 4.painstaking efforts (艰苦的努力), they, who work with skillful hands and 5.modest hearts (谦卑之心), do 6.more than (不仅仅) repair the clocks—they 7.bring the clocks back to life (使钟表恢复生机).
　　His work is a race against time that can never be won! Wang Jin has now 8.passed on (传递) his skills to the new members. Not only will they help 9.preserve traditional skills(保留传统技能), but they will 10.break the ground (开拓创新) and bring new craft to ensure the art of clock repairing stands the test of time. Unit 6　Nature in words
【Step 1题源研读·探寻主题提升思维】
Do Animals Have Emotions
动物有情感吗
　　Humans have a complex range of emotions, but it’s hard to tell what’s going on inside the heads of animals, mainly because they can’t verbalise their feelings. Perhaps it’s pets we think we understand most—as they are the animals we spend a lot of time with and therefore get to know best. Some of us own dogs because they are good companions, are loyal and seem to connect with us. We might even think they love us, although love could just be a human emotion. Professor Kim Bard, an expert in comparative developmental psychology told the BBC: “We have a few studies now that actually show, scientifically... that some dogs will respond with empathetic concern when their owner—but not a stranger—pretends to cry.” Other non-domesticated animals might have feelings too. Giraffes and whales, for example, are known to experience grief when someone in their group dies. Farm animals we often eat, such as cows and chickens, are also believed to experience pain, joy and other emotions. It’s believed even tiny creatures like insects might have emotions as well. Research is beginning to show they experience a wide range of feelings. Writing for BBC Future website, Zaria Gorvett says, “they can be optimistic, cynical, or frightened, and respond to pain just like any mammal would.” Dr. Barbara J. King, Emeritus Professor of Anthropology said, “If we understand the profound depths of emotions animals can feel, this should make us question the existence of zoos and slaughterhouses around the world, and rethink those systems.” —https://language.chinadaily./ (同源高考:2023年全国甲卷语法填空选自本网站)
金榜原创 1.Why is it not easy to understand how animals are feeling (C) A.Animals have a more complex range of emotions. B.We spend not so much time with them. C.Animals can’t verbalise their feelings. D.Humans are not familiar with them. 2.What’s Dr. Barbara J. King’s attitude towards zoos and slaughterhouses (D) A.Approved.　　　　B.Indifferent. C.Tolerant.　 D.Doubtful. 长难句分析 If we understand the profound depths of emotions animals can feel, this should make us question the existence of zoos and slaughterhouses around the world, and rethink those systems. 分析:本句是一个主从复合句。If 引导条件状语从句,主句中的make us question the existence of zoos and slaughterhouses around the world是“make+宾语+宾语补足语”的结构。 翻译:如果我们了解动物能感受到的深刻情感,这应该让我们质疑世界各地动物园和屠宰场的存在,并重新思考那些系统。
【Step 2考点突破·感悟经典运用提升】
提示:题干中本单元词汇加波浪线显示
【重点单词——巧积词汇】
1.insist v.坚称,坚决认为
【步入经典】 单句语法填空/完成句子
①(2020·全国Ⅰ卷) But our insisting(insist) it’s merely a window has kept them from attempting millions of requests to open the door.
②(牛津高阶词典)They insisted on being given every detail of the case.
③(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)She insists on us eating (eat) healthy food.
④The teacher insists that we keep an English diary every day, which is of great help to our English writing.
老师坚决要求我们每天写英语日记,这对我们的英语写作有很大的帮助。 <写作运用:应用文写作之建议信>
2.puzzled adj.困惑的;无法理解的
【步入经典】 单句语法填空/完成句子
①(2023·浙江高考1月卷) Train trips aren’t for impatient types. Read a book, knit, do a crossword puzzle (puzzled), or simply watch the world unfold outside the window.
②The patient looked puzzled (puzzle), and then replied: “Oh this isn’t for the care I had. I take that as a given. No, this is for setting my hair yesterday.”
③Turning around, I saw the puzzled look in Neal’s eyes give way to sadness.
转过身,我看见Neal困惑的眼神变成了悲伤。 <写作运用:读后续写之心理描写>
(1)be puzzled about 　　　 对……迷惑不解
a puzzled look/expression 一脸迷惑
(2)puzzle n.谜 v.迷惑;使困惑
puzzle over/about 苦思冥想;绞尽脑汁
(3)puzzling　 adj.令人迷惑的
3.ban v.禁止, 取缔 n.禁令
【步入经典】 单句语法填空/完成句子
①Schools have banned(ban) the selling of junk food since the publicity of the policy.
②(牛津高阶词典)The council has relaxed the ban on dogs in city parks.
③(2023·全国乙卷) In spite of the court hearing testimonials (证明) of her ability as a doctor, she was banned from medicine.
④Some people believe that experiments on animals should be banned.
有些人认为应该禁止动物实验。 <写作运用:应用文写作之观点态度>
4.inspector n.检查员,巡视员
【步入经典】 单句语法填空
①(2022·全国乙卷)Drones are already being used to examine high-tension electrical lines. They could do precisely the same thing to inspect (inspect) railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure.
②(柯林斯词典)The inspector (inspect) dutifully recorded the date in a large red book.
③(2024·信阳模拟) Guri Bakri, a 39-year-old conservator of the Jiaohe Ruins, starts her daily inspection (inspect) at the site as usual, ensuring the safety of tourists.
(1)inspect　　　　 v.检查,调查,视察
inspect...for... 检查……; 就……而检查
(2)inspection n.检查; 检验; 视察; 检阅
5.passionate adj.具有强烈信念的
【步入经典】 单句语法填空/完成句子
①(2023·浙江高考1月卷) Instructors are passionate (passion) educators who are experts in their fields and have undergone training and a background check.
② Her passion for dancing never dimmed over the years.
③During the past 11 years, my interest has never failed to spark my passion for learning English.
在过去的11年里,我的兴趣一直激发着我学习英语的热情。 <写作运用:应用文写作之申请信>
(1)be passionate about　　　 对……充满热情
(2)find one’s passion in sth. 某人在某事上找到自己的热情
have a passion for sth.　 对某事充满热情
6.innocent adj.天真无邪的;清白的;无辜的
【步入经典】 完成句子
①Throughout the trial she insisted that she was innocent.
在整个审判过程中,她坚称自己无罪。
②Children are innocent. I hope that we are always willing to maintain childlike innocence.
孩子是天真无邪的。我希望我们能永远愿意保持孩童般的纯真。
(1)an innocent child　天真无邪的孩子
(2)be innocent of... 对……无知;没有犯……罪
(3)innocence n.天真;无辜
【核心短语——妙积词块】
7.come round来访;苏醒;改变主意
【步入经典】 用come短语填空
①(2021·全国甲卷)Walking up a path through the forest towards Shutlingsloe, a local high point, I came across a small clearing and immediately noticed the dead yellow grasses set against the fresh snow.
②Close your eyes and picture a future where all your dreams have come true.
③At the sight of snow, the children talked away as excitedly as if Christmas had suddenly come round again.
come round to　　　改变主意
come down to 归结于; 结果是
come true　 实现
come across 偶然遇到, 被理解
come along 跟随; 出现; 沿着走
come about　　 产生; 发生
8.stand by 站在旁边;袖手旁观;支持;仍然遵守诺言
【步入经典】 单句语法填空
①(牛津高阶词典)He mistakenly believed that his family would stand by him.
②Those with a vivid imagination tend to stand out in some creative work.
③The letters PLA stand for Chinese People’s Liberation Army.
(1)stand　　　v.忍耐,忍受;站立;位于(某处)n.态度,立场;货摊
(2)(can’t) stand (sb./sth.) doing sth. (不能)容忍(某人/某物)做某事
(3)stand up 站立;站起来
(4)stand for 代表;象征
(5)stand out　 突出
【经典句型——速积表达】
9.Then the sun came out, and by the time I had sat down to breakfast it was shining bravely and flushing the snow with delicate pinks.
之后太阳出来了,到我坐下来吃早饭的时候,它绚丽夺目,把雪染成了娇嫩的粉红色。
【步入经典】 单句语法填空/完成句子
①By the time he was fourteen years old, Einstein had learned (learn) advanced mathematics all by himself.
②By the time you come back, I will have gone (go) to Beijing.
③Most of us had been in tears by the time he finished his story.
他讲完故事时,我们大多数人已经泪流满面。 <写作运用:读后续写之神态描写>
(1)by the time引导的时间状语从句用一般现在时或现在完成时时,主句通常用将来完成时(强调主句动作在从句动作发生之前已经完成)。
(2)by the time引导的时间状语从句用一般过去时时,主句通常用过去完成时(强调主句动作在从句动作发生之前已经完成)。
10.I saw the ground so fantastically carpeted.
我看到了这银装素裹的世界。
【步入经典】 单句语法填空/完成句子
①I was walking along the river when I heard a scream for help. Approaching the bank of the river, I noticed a boy struggling(struggle) in the river.
②(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷)It’s been an honor to watch the panda programme develop (development) and to see the pandas settle into their new home.
③What the teacher said encouraged me to overcome(overcome) the difficulties with determination.
④ Listening to music at home is one thing, and going to hear it performed live is quite another.
在家听音乐是一回事,去听现场表演又是另一回事。
非谓语动词作宾语补足语的用法
在感官动词后 一感(feel)、二听(hear, listen to)、三让(let, have, make)、四看(see, look at, watch, notice)
用于“动词+sb./sth.+ to do sth.” advise, allow, beg, command, encourage, expect, forbid, force, intend, invite, order, permit, persuade, require, remind, teach, want, warn, wish, would, prefer 等
其他句式 get sth. done catch/ keep/ start/ set/ leave sb. doing sth.
【Step 3进阶演练·强化基础素养落实】
【基础全面练——练透单元要点】
Ⅰ.语境填空——练熟高频词汇
1.So charming (charm) are the sights of West Lake that they leave a deep impression on visitors from home and abroad.
2.The spring breezes gently (gentle) brush her cheeks and everything is clothed in green.
3.He brought to the job not just considerable experience but passionate (passion) enthusiasm.
4.The temperature was close to freezing. I had to spend the rest of the night trembling (tremble) in the only dry part of my tent.
5.The man insisted that he should be released(release) as quickly as possible, because he was innocent.
6.With the intention of making our school life colorful and broadening our horizons, our school launched (launch) an activity named Student Talk last week.
7.My sister is passionate about acting and she shows great passion for dancing as well. (passion)
8.All of us were puzzled by the puzzling questions raised by the little girl.(puzzle)
9.You should give the police precise details of the accident and that’s precisely what I want to know as well. (precise)
10.Not only do we admire her elegant figure but also we respect her for the elegance of her behavior. (elegant)
Ⅱ.完成句子——活用短语句式
1.当我到达火车站的时候,火车已经离开了。
By the time I arrived at the railway station, the train had left.
2.我写信想邀请你来参加我们学校下周要举行的艺术节。
I’m writing to invite you to participate in the Art Festival to be launched in our school next week.
3.一种强烈的恐惧感向我袭来。我是如此害怕,以至于禁不住浑身发抖。
A strong sense of fear overwhelmed me. So frightened was I that my body couldn’t help trembling.
4.我坚持要马上把父亲送到医院去,但他坚持说他当时感觉很好。
I insisted that my father (should) be sent to the hospital at once, but he insisted that he was feeling quite well then.
5.这个热情的老师总是充满热情,所以她总是热情地教每一堂课。
The passionate teacher is always full of passion, so she teaches every class passionately.
Ⅲ.教材语篇——课文缩写填空
(黑体词是本单元核心词汇)
It is the first fall we 1.have had (have) here this winter. The first fall of snow is not only an event 2.but it is a magical event. You go to bed in one kind of world and wake up to find 3.yourself (you) in another quite different world. The very secrecy and 4.quietness (quiet) of the thing makes it more magical. When I got up this morning the world was a cold place of dead white and pale blues.Then the sun came out. The dining-room window had been transformed 5.into a lovely Japanese print. The little plum tree outside, with the faintly flushed snow lining its branches and artfully disposed along its trunk, 6.stood (stand) in full sunlight.
An hour or two later, the world had 7.completely (complete) changed again.The little Japanese prints had all disappeared.It was as if the kindly countryside had been turned into 8.a cruel grassland.
Now it has changed again. The glare has gone and no touch of the disturbing remains. From my study, which is apart from the house and faces it, I can see the children 9.flattening(flatten) their noses against the window, and there is running through my head a rhyme I used 10.to repeat (repeat) when I was a child and flattened my nose against the cold window to watch the falling snow.
【写作提能练——升华主题写作】
单元话题微写作——四种模式之应用文连句成篇
你们学校校报英文栏目拟刊登一些对环境保护做出重要努力的人物,你想推荐Rachel Carson。(根据文中的提示,使用本单元词汇与句型写出你的推荐理由。)
典句提示
1.Rachel Carson 在 1962 年出版了她的书《寂静的春天》。
2.她的目的是提醒人们注意人类活动对自然生态系统的破坏性影响。
3.她的书产生了如此直接和深远的影响,以至于DDT被禁止使用。
4.她的书很快成为一些农药行业批评者的目标,他们试图损害 Carson 的声誉。(定语从句)
5.Carson 决心坚持自己的研究,捍卫自己的主张。即使到今天,她的书仍然值得重读。
连句成篇
Aiming to alert people to the damaging effects of human activity on natural ecosystems, Rachel Carson published her book Silent Spring in 1962.Her book had such an immediate and far-reaching effect that DDT was banned from being used. Therefore, her book quickly became a target for some critics of the pesticide industry who attempted to damage Carson’s reputation. But Carson was determined to stand by her research and defend her claims. Even today her book still deserves to be reread.选择性必修 第三册
Unit 1　Face values
【Step 1　题源研读·探寻主题提升思维】
Forget about self-esteem
忘记自尊 (高度自尊并不是成功的关键)
　　Self-esteem has long been considered the key to success, but new research has shown that focusing just on building self-esteem may not be helpful. In some cases, high self-esteem can even make people less likeable or more upset when they fail at something. Studies have shown that people with high self-esteem are less likely to suffer from depression, anxiety, shyness, or loneliness than those with low self-esteem. However, building up one’s self-esteem does not necessarily make them a better person. 　　According to Kathleen Vohs, a psychology professor at Columbia University, people with high self-esteem can have big egos that make them less likeable. On the other hand, people with low self-esteem are more likely to rely on their friends when they need help. Researchers suggest that the best way to cultivate positive traits is to listen to and support other people and find positive ways to contribute to society. If you fail at something, try to learn from the experience. 　　Psychologist Jennifer Crocker at the University of Michigan advises people to forget about self-esteem and focus on other aspects of their lives. Feeling good can be beneficial for one’s mental health, but having high self-esteem does not necessarily make one a better person. In fact, violent people often have the highest self-esteem. Additionally, there is no evidence that having high self-esteem improves performance in school. 　　In conclusion, the best way to cultivate positive traits and overcome problems in life is to listen to and support others, find positive ways to contribute to society, and learn from past experiences. While self-esteem is useful, people must remember that other aspects of their lives are just as important. —https://positivepsychology.com/ self-esteem/ (同源高考:2023年新高考Ⅰ卷七选五选自本网站)
金榜原创 1.What is the traditional view on self-esteem’s relation to success (A) A.It is the key to success. B.It has no relationship with success. C.It can only lead to negative outcomes. D.It depends on an individual’s personality. 2.According to the passage, what is the best way to cultivate positive traits in oneself (B) A.Focusing merely on building self-esteem. B.Learning from past experiences. C.Having big egos that make them less likeable. D.Relying on friends when they need help. 长难句分析 Self-esteem has long been considered the key to success, but new research has shown that focusing just on building self-esteem may not be helpful. 分析:这是一个并列句,but表示转折,后面句子中,that引导的是宾语从句,作has shown的宾语,从句中,focusing just on building self-esteem是动词-ing形式作主语。 翻译:长期以来,自尊一直被认为是成功的关键,但新的研究表明,仅仅专注于建立自尊可能没有帮助。
【Step 2　考点突破·感悟经典运用提升】
提示:题干中本单元词汇加波浪线显示
【重点单词——巧积词汇】
1.pretend v.假装, 装作
【步入经典】 单句语法填空/句式升级
①People who pretend to be(be) someone they are not tend to misjudge themselves.
②The boy pretended to have fallen (fall) asleep when his father came into the bedroom.
③She held a book, and pretended to be reading, with tears dropping on the open page.
→She held a book, pretending to be reading, with tears dropping on the open page.(动词-ing形式作状语) <写作运用:读后续写之动作描写>
(1)pretend to be+n./adj.　　 假装是……
(2)pretend to do sth.　　 假装做某事
(3)pretend to be doing sth. 假装正在做某事
(4)pretend to have done sth. 假装做过某事
(5)pretend (that)...　　 假装……;谎称……
2.acknowledge v.承认(某事属实或某情况存在);认为; 感谢
【步入经典】 单句语法填空/完成句子
①When contributions were made by geniuses outside the club—women, or people of a different color or belief—they were unacknowledged (acknowledge) and rejected by others.
②(柯林斯词典)The army sent me a postcard acknowledging (acknowledge) my request.
③(牛津高阶词典)I was sent a free copy in acknowledgement (acknowledge) of my contribution.
④I greatly acknowledge your support and help during my stay in your country.
我非常感谢我在贵国停留期间你给予的支持和帮助。 <写作运用:应用文写作之感谢信>
3.assume vt.认为;假定,假设
【步入经典】 单句语法填空/完成句子
①(剑桥高阶词典)People tend to make assumptions (assume) about you when you have a disability.
②(牛津高阶词典)We must assume him to be (be) innocent until he is proved guilty.
③(牛津高阶词典) Assuming(assume) he’s still alive, how old would he be now
④Assuming you’re lost in an area humans tend to frequent, look for the marks we leave on the landscape.
假设你在人类经常出现的区域迷了路,寻找人类留在景观处的标记。
4.expression n.表情;神色;表达
【步入经典】 单句语法填空/完成句子
①At that moment, I perceived that external beauty isn’t totally worthless. It can be an expression (express) of our personalities, helping us make a good and positive impression on others.
②(2021·浙江高考)At this point, it is not clear why dogs seem to be equipped with the ability to recognize different facial expressions (expression) in humans.
③I’m writing to express my sincere gratitude to you for your selfless devotion.
我写这封信是为了表达我对你无私奉献的衷心感谢。 <写作运用:应用文写作之感谢信>
【词缀拓展】 -sion 名词后缀小结
conclusion 结论　　　　　 discussion 讨论
admission 承认;允许进入;入场费　confusion 困惑
decision 决定　 occasion 场合;时机
explosion 爆炸　　 revision 复习
permission 允许　 impression 印象
5.boost v.&n. 促进,推动
【步入经典】 单句语法填空/完成句子
①(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷) In fact, don’t wait until you’ve made a mistake to try this—it’s a great way to boost (boost) self-confidence at any time.
②Therefore, they can work for longer, consume more and in general be a boost(boost) to the economy.
③The aim of the program is to inherit the outstanding traditional Chinese culture and boost people’s cultural confidence.
该项目的目的是继承优秀的中国传统文化,增强人们的文化自信。 <写作运用:应用文写作之通知/介绍信>
boost one’s confidence 　 增加某人的信心
the boost in advertising/tourism 广告业/旅游业的迅速发展
【备选要点】
bother v.(使)苦恼
【步入经典】 单句语法填空/完成句子
①(柯林斯词典)I was so uninterested in the result that I didn’t even bother to look/looking (look) at it.
②(剑桥高阶词典)I didn’t want to bother her with work matters on her day off.
③(柯林斯词典)The courts take too long and going to the police is a bother.
④I am writing to bother you to correct any mistakes in my application letter and resume.
我正写信麻烦你帮我修改申请信和个人简历的错误。 <写作运用:应用文写作之求助信>
【核心短语——妙积词块】
6.make efforts/an/every effort to do sth.尽力做某事;尽一切努力(做某事)
【步入经典】 单句语法填空
①It plays a part in the image we present to the world, and making (make) an effort with your appearance can leave a positive first impression on others and boost your confidence.
②The unforgettable experience witnessed my growth and I was aware that through painstaking efforts(effort) there would be promising prospects in store for me.
③(牛津高阶词典)You should put more effort into your work.
7.as...put it正如……所说
【步入经典】 完成句子
①As a song in Ugly Betty puts it, “It’s a pretty person’s world”. (教材原句P2)正如《丑女贝蒂》里的歌曲所唱的那样,“这是个看脸的世界”。
②(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)As for Bailey, she is more confused about why her act is considered a big deal. 对贝利来说,她更困惑的是为什么她的行为被认为是一件大事。
③(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷)As an artist who shares her journey on social media, I’m often asked by curious followers how to begin an art journey.
作为一名在社交媒体上分享她的艺术之旅的艺术家,我经常被好奇的粉丝问到如何开始一段艺术之旅。
【备选要点】
from head to toe 从头到脚
【步入经典】 完成句子
①(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Class activities will vary from day to day, but students must be ready to complete short in-class writings or tests.
课堂活动每天都会有所不同,但学生必须准备好完成简短的课堂写作或测试。
②From time to time, I will think of the wonderful memories between us.
时不时地,我会想起我们之间的美好回忆。
③He was wet from head to toe and trembling because of cold. 他浑身都湿透了,冷得发抖。 <写作运用:读后续写之动作描写>
(1)from dawn to dusk　　 从早到晚
(2)from beginning to end 从头到尾
(3)from top to bottom 从上到下
(4)from time to time　　 有时;偶尔
(5)from day to day　 日复一日;一天天地
【经典句型——速积表达】
8.Dad thinks I am a narcissist, but what I say is that my pictures aren’t hurting anyone, so who cares 爸爸认为我是个自恋狂, 但我要说的是, 我的照片不会伤害任何人, 所以谁在乎呢
【步入经典】 完成句子
①(2023·全国甲卷)In the Digital Age, we’re used to having what we need immediately and right at our fingertips.
在数字时代,我们习惯了我们需要的东西马上就在我们的手边。
②(2023·全国甲卷)What we discovered is that it’s unwise to judge what you eat only by its appearance.
我们发现,只从外表来判断你吃什么是不明智的。
③What impressed me most from the voluntary work is the optimistic attitude of the disabled.
志愿者工作给我印象最深的是残疾人的乐观态度。 <写作运用:应用文写作之活动介绍>
名词性从句是在句子中起名词作用的句子。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语等, 因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能,可分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
what常用来引导名词性从句,what在引导名词性从句时有两个重要的特点:
一是:它在相应的名词性从句中一定有含义,常表示“什么”“所……的”“……的样子”等。
二是:它在相应的名词性从句中一定作成分,而且常作主语、宾语或表语。
【Step 3　进阶演练·强化基础素养落实】
【基础全面练——练透单元要点】
Ⅰ.语境填空——练熟高频词汇
1.The dog’s loyalty (loyal) to its owner moved the people all over the world.
2.It would not matter if these misjudgments (misjudge) were just a matter of people’s opinions.
3.As we all know, the easiest way to meet people is to live in the dormitories (dormitory).
4.The little boy looks much too skinny (skin) to be a weight-lifter.
5.Anne Tyler is an American novelist (novel) who is famous for her humorous language and life-like characters.
6.How she manages to deal with such a tough problem is beyond my comprehension (comprehend).
7.He can’t find the proper expression to express his feelings so there is an anxious expression on his face. (express)
8.The researchers said their findings would help other scientists to find causes and possible treatments for the disease.(find)
9.Most people think a certain amount of stress is vital to provide motivation and give purpose to life and it is generally accepted that people are motivated by success. (motivate)
10.It is assumed that hard work leads to great success, so we assume him to be successful. But assuming that he isn’t that lucky, what shall we do to comfort him (assume)
Ⅱ.完成句子——活用短语句式
1.英语老师的话增强了我学习英语的信心。
What my English teacher said boosted my confidence in learning English.
2.正如有人指出的,只要坚持就一定能成功。
As someone puts it, we will succeed as long as we stick to it.
3.孩子们最需要的是父母无条件的支持和关爱。
What children need most is unconditional support and love of their parents.
4.他感到那个陌生人的目光在从头到脚地打量着他。
He felt the glance of the stranger running over him from head to toe.
5.我在街上看到她时,她假装不认识我,这使我很伤心。
She pretended not to know me/pretended that she didn’t know me when we met in the street, which made me extremely upset.
Ⅲ.教材语篇——课文缩写填空
(黑体词是本单元核心词汇)
　　As a song in Ugly Betty puts it, “It’s a pretty person’s world”. Jade is a girl 1.who loves to look good. Now, she becomes addicted to selfies and spends hours 2.editing (edit) her selfies every day, posting them and eagerly checking her phone a hundred times for comments.
　　Anthony has never really cared about his appearance until last month his roommates 3. registered (register) him for a TV programme, A New You. For the first time in his life he saw 4.himself (he) as a handsome and well-presented young man. At that moment, he perceived that external beauty isn’t 5.totally (total) worthless, for it can be an expression of our personalities.
　　Ever since Emma was little, she has been larger 6.than other girls. Her anxiety drove her to try every means possible to lose weight, including dieting and weight-loss pills. 7.Influenced (influence) by a plus-size model, Tess Holliday, she realised that her health, mental and physical, is the most important thing.
　　Dr Hart thinks obsessive online photo editing 8.indicates (indicate) a lack of self-confidence and a desire for attention. It’s true that inner beauty is very important, 9.but external beauty shouldn’t be completely overlooked. Being healthy is beautiful, and we should wear that beauty with 10.confidence (confident).
【写作提能练——升华主题写作】
单元话题微写作——四种模式之读后续写
　　Today was Community Service Day at school. Maya’s class was going to make cards for the seniors living in a nursing home. It was also the first day Maya would be wearing her leg brace (腿支架) to school, which was designed to help her walk more steadily and smoothly.
　　It was a cold autumn morning. Maya looked down, feeling embarrassed. To make it lovelier, she had delicately decorated the brace with pretty butterfly patterns. Still, she was unsure about others’ reaction. All morning at school, kids kept glancing at her brace. To her relief, they didn’t say anything.
　　In the classroom, Maya was drawing little green buds (芽) and pretty flowers when her friend Samir came over and sat by her. She felt his eyes fixed on her brace and heard him asking, “What’s that for ” Not knowing what to say, Maya pretended she didn’t hear him. After a few seconds of awkwardness, she glanced back at him, and found that he looked a little sad.
　　After lunch, the class set off. The nursing home was on a small hill and all of them walked there happily along the path. Maya found that the brace did make it easier for her to walk up.
　　Maya and Samir were paired up with a lady who was 83 years old. There at the end of the hall in a wheelchair, with a big smile on her face, sat the lady, wearing a pink coat, with red lipstick and beautiful earrings. She looked bright and full of life. Moving flexibly and fast towards Maya and Samir, she greeted first. “I’m Joan,” she said cheerfully, “Glad to meet you.”
　　Maya and Samir handed her the cards they made. Joan looked at Samir’s card carefully and spoke with admiration, “You’ve written a poem! That’s so artistic!” Samir’s face reddened with shyness. Then Joan turned to Maya’s picture. “The first flowers of spring!” she cried in delight. “You really have a gift for using colour!” she said. Clearly, Joan’s praise added great power into Maya.
注意:续写词数应为150个左右。
　　In a sudden wave of bravery, Maya asked, “What’s it like being in a wheelchair ”_________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
　　Deeply impressed by Joan, Maya offered to sit beside Samir on the bus ride back home._______________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
Step 1　细读首句 合理推测
根据Para 1. In a sudden wave of bravery, Maya asked, “What’s it like being in a wheelchair ” 设问:
(1)What did the old lady say and do
(2)How did Maya respond (her feeling and action)
(3)What did they do after that (注意与第二段首句衔接)
根据Para 2. Deeply impressed by Joan, Maya offered to sit beside Samir on the bus ride back home.设问:
(1)What did Maya say and do
(2)What was Samir’s response
(3)What happened at last (theme)
Step 2　恰当用词 打造靓句
1.“它就像我的一部分,”琼笑着说。“我可以从一个不同的角度看世界,无论我走到哪里,我总是有座位!”
“It’s like a part of me,”Joan said,smiling. “I get to see the world from a different perspective, and I always have a seat wherever I go!”
2.玛雅点点头,陷入了沉思。
Maya nodded,lost in thought.
3.“我能看出你的疑虑。但不要害怕,像你勇敢的小芽一样成长,做你自己,”琼继续道。
“I can see your doubts. Don’t be afraid to grow like your brave little sprout and be yourself,” Joan continued.
4.她的话确实引起了他们的共鸣。那天下午,他们愉快地交谈,直到黄昏。
Her words did strike a chord with them. That afternoon they had a pleasant talk until dusk.
Step 3　衔接过渡 组句成篇
　　In a sudden wave of bravery, Maya asked, “What’s it like being in a wheelchair ”“It’s like a part of me,” Joan said, smiling. “I get to see the world from a different perspective, and I always have a seat wherever I go!” Maya nodded, lost in thought. “I can see your doubts. Don’t be afraid to grow like your brave little sprout and be yourself,” Joan continued.Her words did strike a chord with them. That afternoon they had a pleasant talk until dusk.
　　Deeply impressed by Joan, Maya offered to sit beside Samir on the bus ride back home.“Joan’s optimism really touched me,” Maya said with a smile. Samir nodded in agreement. Then Maya patted her brace and said proudly, “It is like my friend who helps me walk better. It gave me power.” Samir looked amazed, reached out and touched it gently. “That’s super cool!” His words were so sincere that Maya felt warm and moved. Looking out of the window, she unexpectedly found a little bud bursting out of the soil not far away in such a cold autumn evening. That’s spring!

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