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高中英语同步学习 译林版 选择性必修二
Unit 1 The mass media教学设计
课型：Reading---Be a critical news reader
宏观分析语篇结构，理解文章内容，拓展思维；微观解析句子，学习语言知识，提高综合能力。
Ⅰ.Before reading：lead-in
活动1：Definition ---What is mass media
“Mass media”refers to the means of communication that reach large audiences, such as television, radio, newspapers, magazines, and the Internet.
活动2：Positive and negative aspects
The mass media is a powerful tool with both positive and negative aspects.
1）Positive aspects
The mass media plays a crucial role in modern society. It provides information on various topics, including politics, economy, culture, and entertainment. It helps people stay informed about local and global events. For example, news broadcasts on TV keep us updated on current affairs around the world.
大众媒体在现代社会中起着至关重要的作用。它提供了各种主题的信息，包括政治、经济、文化和娱乐。它帮助人们了解本地和全球的事件。例如，电视上的新闻广播让我们了解世界各地的时事。
It also influences public opinion and shapes social discourse. Through the dissemination of certain ideas and values, it can have an impact on people's beliefs and behaviors. For instance, advertisements in the mass media can influence consumer choices.
它还影响公众舆论并塑造社会话语。通过传播某些思想和价值观，它能够对人们的信仰和行为产生影响。例如，大众媒体中的广告会影响消费者的选择。
2）Negative aspects
However, the mass media also has its drawbacks. It may sometimes present biased or inaccurate information. There can be issues of sensationalism and the pursuit of ratings or clicks at the expense of quality and objectivity.
然而，大众媒体也有其缺点。它有时可能会呈现出有偏见或不准确的信息。可能存在追求轰动效应以及为了收视率或点击率而牺牲质量和客观性的问题。
3）Conclusion
It is important for us to consume its content critically and to be a critical news reader.
Ⅱ.While reading
1）篇章结构
新闻一：
开头介绍消防员扑灭亨德森塔楼火灾的事实。
接着描述火灾的起始楼层、蔓延情况和人员被困状况。
随后提到对死亡人数的担忧和救援力量到达的时间。
最后指出对建筑公司的质疑。
整体按照事件的发展和相关情况的重要程度依次进行叙述。
新闻二：
开篇指出火灾造成的严重破坏。
接着说明估计和实际的死亡人数、受伤情况。
然后讲述幸存者的经历。
最后交代火灾的起因和正在进行的调查。
结构上先总述火灾的严重后果，再分别从人员伤亡、个人经历、原因调查等方面展开。
文章三：
开头阐述新闻对我们的作用以及新闻报道存在差异的现象。
接着以亨德森塔楼火灾的报道为例，分析记者报道侧重点的不同。
随后解释新闻报道在事实细节上出现矛盾的原因。
最后总结强调要综合多方面报道、保持批判性思维。
结构上先提出问题，然后通过实例分析，最后得出结论和建议。
2）语篇逻辑
这两则新闻报道（News 1 和 News 2）与下面的文章（Article）之间存在以下逻辑关系：
①事例与分析的关系
News 1 和 News 2 是关于亨德森塔楼火灾这一具体事件的新闻报道，它们提供了事件的不同方面和细节，如火灾的发生、蔓延、救援、伤亡情况等。
Article 则是以这两则新闻报道为具体事例，对新闻报道中存在的差异和矛盾进行分析和解释。
②具体与抽象的关系
两则新闻报道是对特定事件的具体描述和呈现。
文章是在这些具体报道的基础上，进行抽象的理论探讨，如探讨新闻报道差异产生的原因，包括记者的侧重点不同、事件的复杂性和变化性、获取和处理信息的方式不同等。
③引导与总结的关系
News 1 和 News 2 引发读者对这一事件的关注和初步了解。
Article 在此基础上引导读者批判性地看待新闻报道，并总结出综合多个来源和不同阶段的报道、保持批判性思维的重要性和方法。
3）阅读思考
问题 1：In News 1, what is the main concern mentioned about the tower block
答案： The main concern is that the construction company that built the tower block had not followed fire safety rules.
问题 2：According to News 2, who started the fire and how
答案： A dropped cigarette end on a carpet of the 8th floor started the fire, as confirmed by Mr Peterson, head of the fire service.
问题 3：Why do the two news reports on the Henderson Tower fire have different numbers of deaths
答案： The numbers of deaths differ because news reports written at different stages of an event could contain different information as new facts are brought to light. Also, journalists may approach and present the information differently.
问题 4：What is the advice given in the article when we encounter factual differences in news reports
答案： When we encounter factual differences, we should not rush to the conclusion that one of the news reports gives false information. Instead, we should check when the reports were written and look for different sources to draw a more informed conclusion.
问题 5：What is the main idea of the article
答案： The main idea of the article is to explain that news reports on the same events may contain different or even contradictory information. It provides reasons for these differences and advises us to be critical news readers by reading from various perspectives and at different stages, and not to blindly trust the information we receive.
问题 6：What is the writing purpose of the article
The writing purpose is to call on readers to read news reports critically, not to blindly believe what they have read. They should integrate reports from different sources and at different stages, and use their own judgment to form a more accurate understanding of events and become discerning news readers.
呼吁读者要批判性地阅读新闻报道，不要盲目相信所读内容，要综合不同来源和不同阶段的报道，运用自己的判断力，以形成对事件更准确的理解，成为有判断力的新闻读者。
Ⅲ. After reading
思维拓展
问题 1：If you were a journalist reporting on the Henderson Tower fire, what aspects would you focus on and why
答案： Students' answers may vary. Some might focus on the rescue efforts to highlight the bravery and efficiency of the firefighters. Others might focus on the causes of the fire to raise public awareness of fire safety. Another possible aspect could be the impact on the community and how people are coping with the aftermath.
问题 2：Imagine you are a resident in the Henderson Tower. How do you think this fire will affect your life in the long term
答案： Possible answers could include having psychological trauma, being more cautious about fire safety in daily life, facing difficulties in finding a new place to live, or dealing with insurance and property damage claims.
问题 3：Based on the information in the text, what suggestions would you give to the construction industry to prevent similar fires in the future
答案： The suggestions could be to strictly follow fire safety rules during construction, ensure the proper installation and maintenance of fire alarm systems, use fire-resistant materials, and conduct regular fire safety inspections.
language points---段落逐句解析
News 1解析
1.“Firefighters quickly put out the Henderson Tower fire last night.”
① “quickly”是副词，“迅速地”。
② “put out”是短语，“扑灭”。
整句意思：昨晚消防员迅速扑灭了亨德森大厦的火灾。
2.“The fire, which is thought to have started from the 8th floor, spread quickly through the tower block on Sunday night, leaving people on the upper floors trapped.”
① “which is thought to have started from the 8th floor”是定语从句，修饰“the fire”。
② “thought to have started”是“be thought to do”的完成形式，表示“被认为已经......”。
③ “spread”是动词，“蔓延；传播”。
④ “leaving people on the upper floors trapped”是现在分词短语作结果状语。
整句意思：这场被认为是从 8 楼开始的火灾在周日晚上迅速蔓延到整个塔楼，导致上层的人们被困。
3.“Fears grew that the number of deaths could reach 5, according to figures released by emergency services.”
① “fears grew”是“恐惧增加；担忧加剧”。
② “that the number of deaths could reach 5”是同位语从句，解释说明“fears”的内容。
③ “according to”是短语，“根据”。
④ “released by emergency services”是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰“figures”。
整句意思：根据紧急服务部门公布的数据，人们越来越担心死亡人数可能达到 5 人。
4.“Fire engines and ambulances, called at 9:30 p.m., reached the scene within 15 minutes.”
① “called at 9:30 p.m.”是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰“Fire engines and ambulances”。
整句意思：晚上 9 点 30 分接到呼叫的消防车和救护车在 15 分钟内到达现场。
5.“By this time, the fire had extended to the 15th floor.”
① “by this time”是时间状语，表示“到这时”。
② “had extended”是过去完成时，表示过去的过去发生的动作。
整句意思：到这时，火势已经蔓延到 15 楼。
6.“Firefighters got the situation under control around 11 p.m.”
① “get...under control”是短语，“控制住......”。
整句意思：消防员在晚上 11 点左右控制住了局势。
7.“There is concern that the construction company that built the tower block had not followed fire safety rules.”
① “there is concern that...”是常用句型，表示“存在......的担忧”。
② “that built the tower block”是定语从句，修饰“the construction company”。
③ “followed fire safety rules”这个短语的意思是“遵守消防安全规则”。
其中，“follow”有“遵循；遵守；听从”的意思，“fire safety rules”指“消防安全规则”。
整句意思：存在担忧，建造这座塔楼的建筑公司没有遵守消防安全规定。
News 2解析
1. “A terrible fire broke out on Sunday night, leaving the Henderson Tower seriously damaged.”
① “broke out”是短语，“爆发；突然发生”。
② “leaving the Henderson Tower seriously damaged”是现在分词短语作结果状语。
整句意思：周日晚上一场可怕的火灾爆发，使亨德森大厦严重受损。
2. “Emergency services estimate that the number of deaths could reach 9.”
① “estimate”是动词，“估计；估算”。
② “that the number of deaths could reach 9”是宾语从句。
整句意思：紧急服务部门估计死亡人数可能达到 9 人。
3. “By this morning, 4 people have been confirmed dead.”
① “by this morning”是时间状语，表示“到今天早上为止”。
② “have been confirmed dead”是现在完成时的被动语态。
整句意思：到今天早上，已有 4 人确认死亡。
4. “The fire has also left dozens of people injured, 5 of whom are in a critical condition.”
① “has left”是现在完成时。
② “in a critical condition”是短语，“情况危急”。
整句意思：这场火灾还导致数十人受伤，其中 5 人情况危急。
5. “Lisa Mayer, 29, is among the lucky ones who only suffered minor injuries.”
① “among the lucky ones”是“在幸运者之中”。
② “who only suffered minor injuries”是定语从句，修饰“ones”。
整句意思：29 岁的丽莎·迈耶是仅受轻伤的幸运者之一。
6. “She recalled, ‘I was about to have a bath when I heard people screaming and dogs barking. I looked outside and the smoke was choking me. It was like an awful dream.'”
① “recalled”是动词，“回忆；回想”。
② “was about to do sth.”是短语，“正要做某事”。
整句意思：她回忆道：“我正要洗澡，这时听到人们的尖叫声和狗叫声。我向外看，烟呛得我喘不过气来。就像一场可怕的梦。”
7. “Mr Peterson, head of the fire service, confirms that a dropped cigarette end on a carpet of the 8th floor started the fire and that the automatic fire alarms did not go off quickly enough to prevent the disaster.”
① “head of the fire service”是同位语，解释说明“Mr Peterson”的身份。
② “confirms”是动词，“确认；证实”。
③ “that a dropped cigarette end on a carpet of the 8th floor started the fire”和“that the automatic fire alarms did not go off quickly enough to prevent the disaster”是两个并列的宾语从句。
④“go off”这个短语的释义是：（警报器、闹钟等）突然响起，发出响声
整句意思：消防部门负责人彼得森先生证实，8 楼地毯上的一个丢弃的烟头引发了火灾，而且自动火灾报警器没有足够快地响起以防止这场灾难。
8. “A team is currently investigating the accident further.”
① “currently”是副词，“目前；当前”。
② “investigate”是动词，“调查；研究”。
整句意思：一个小组目前正在进一步调查这起事故。
文章三逐句解析
第一段解析
1. 标题“Reading news reports critically”
这是一个动名词短语，可理解为“批判性地阅读新闻报道”。
2. “We rely on news to learn about what is happening in the world around us.”
① “rely on”是短语，“依靠；依赖”。
② “to learn about what is happening in the world around us”是目的状语。
整句意思：我们依靠新闻来了解我们周围世界正在发生的事情。
3. “However, we usually find that reports on the same events contain different or even contradictory information. How do these differences come about ”
① “however”是转折连词，“然而”。
② “find that...”是“find + 宾语从句”的结构。
③ “contain”是动词，“包含；含有”。
④ “contradictory”是形容词，“相互矛盾的；对立的”。
⑤ “come about”是短语，“产生；发生”。
整句意思：然而，我们通常发现关于同一事件的报道包含不同甚至相互矛盾的信息。这些差异是如何产生的呢？
第二段解析
1.“It is advisable to remember that journalists may have different priorities, which would influence how they report an event.”
① “It is advisable to do sth.”是固定句型，表示“做某事是明智的”。
② “advisable”是形容词，“明智的；可取的”。
③ “priorities”是名词，“优先事项；重点”。
④ “which would influence how they report an event”是定语从句，修饰“priorities”，“which”指代“priorities”。
整句意思：记住记者可能有不同的优先事项是明智的，这会影响他们如何报道一个事件。
2.“Let's take the two news reports on the Henderson Tower fire as an example.”
① “Let's...”是祈使句，表示“让我们......”。
② “take...as an example”是短语，“以......为例”。
整句意思：让我们以关于亨德森塔火灾的两篇新闻报道为例。
3.“We can see that the first news report pays more attention to the rescue efforts, while the second talks more about deaths and injuries.”
① “pay attention to”是短语，“关注；注意”。
② “while”是连词，表示对比，“然而”。
整句意思：我们可以看到，第一篇新闻报道更关注救援工作，而第二篇则更多地谈论死亡和受伤情况。
4.“When we read more than one report, we come to understand an event in a more comprehensive way.”
① “more than”是短语，“超过；多于”。
② “comprehensive”是形容词，“全面的；综合的”。
整句意思：当我们阅读不止一篇报道时，我们会以更全面的方式来理解一个事件。
第三段解析
1.“Even if news reports are written from basically the same perspective, they may contradict each other in terms of factual details, as events in the real world are usually complicated and constantly changing.”
① “Even if”是连词，引导让步状语从句，表示“即使”。
② “from basically the same perspective”是介词短语，作状语，“从基本相同的视角”。
③ “contradict”是动词，“相互矛盾；抵触”。
④ “in terms of”是短语，“在......方面；就......而言”。
⑤ “complicated”是形容词，“复杂的”。
⑥ “constantly”是副词，“不断地；持续地”。
整句意思：即使新闻报道基本上是从相同的视角撰写的，它们在事实细节方面也可能相互矛盾，因为现实世界中的事件通常是复杂且不断变化的。
2.“For instance, the numbers of deaths differ in the two news reports on the Henderson Tower fire.”
① “For instance”是短语，“例如；比如”。
② “differ”是动词，“不同；有差异”。
整句意思：例如，关于亨德森塔火灾的两篇新闻报道中的死亡人数不同。
3.“When we come across such factual differences, we should not rush to the conclusion that one of the news reports gives false information.”
① “When we come across such factual differences”是时间状语从句，表示“当我们遇到这样的事实差异时”。
② “come across”是短语，“偶然遇见；碰到”。
③ “rush to the conclusion”是短语，“匆忙得出结论”。
④ “that one of the news reports gives false information”是同位语从句，解释说明“conclusion”的内容。
整句意思：当我们遇到这样的事实差异时，我们不应该匆忙得出其中一篇新闻报道提供虚假信息的结论。
4.“Instead, check when the reports were written.”
① “Instead”是副词，“相反；反而”。
整句意思：相反，检查这些报道是什么时候写的。
5.“News reports written at different stages of an event could contain different information as new facts are brought to light.”
① “written at different stages of an event”是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰“News reports”。
② “bring to light”是短语，“揭露；暴露；发现”。
整句意思：在事件的不同阶段撰写的新闻报道可能包含不同的信息，因为新的事实会被揭露。
6.“Another aspect worthy of mention is that journalists may approach information they get from research or interviews differently.”
① “worthy of mention”是短语，“值得提及”。
② “approach”是动词，“处理；对待”。
③ “they get from research or interviews”是定语从句，修饰“information”。
整句意思：另一个值得提及的方面是，记者可能会以不同的方式处理他们从研究或采访中获得的信息。
7.“Suppose emergency services' estimates of the number of deaths vary between 5 and 9. Journalists may choose to present the minimum, the maximum or something in between in their news reports.”
① “Suppose”是动词，“假设；假定”。
② “vary between...and...”是短语，“在......和......之间变化”。
整句意思：假设紧急服务部门对死亡人数的估计在 5 到 9 人之间变化。记者可能会选择在他们的新闻报道中呈现最小值、最大值或介于两者之间的某个值。
8.“Therefore, checking different sources enables us to draw a more informed conclusion.”
① “Therefore”是副词，“因此；所以”。
② “enable...to do...”是短语，“使......能够做......”。
③ “informed”是形容词，“有见识的；有根据的”。
整句意思：因此，检查不同的来源使我们能够得出更有根据的结论。
第四段解析
1.“To sum up, it is wise to read news reports written from various perspectives and at different stages, which brings us a more accurate understanding of a situation.”
① “To sum up”是短语，“总之；概括地说”。
② “it is wise to do sth.”是固定句型，表示“做某事是明智的”。
③ “various”是形容词，“各种各样的；不同的”。
④ “perspectives”是名词，“视角；观点”。
⑤ “at different stages”是一个介词短语，意思是“在不同阶段”。
⑥“which brings us a more accurate understanding of a situation”是定语从句，修饰“read news reports written from various perspectives and at different stages”，“which”指代整个前面的内容。
整句意思：总之，从各种视角和不同阶段阅读新闻报道是明智的，这会给我们带来对一种情况更准确的理解。
2.“We also need to be critical about the information we receive and remember not to blindly trust what we have read.”
① “be critical about”是短语，“对......持批判态度”。
② “blindly”是副词，“盲目地”。
③“we receive”是一个省略了引导词 that 或 which 的定语从句，修饰先行词“the information”，完整形式为“the information that/which we receive”，意思是“我们收到的信息”。
④“what we have read”是一个宾语从句，在句中作“trust”的宾语。“what”在这个宾语从句中充当“read”的宾语，整个从句的意思是“我们所读过的（内容）”。
整句意思：我们还需要对我们接收的信息持批判态度，并记住不要盲目相信我们所读的内容。
3.“Though journalists are committed to presenting the truth, it is better to use our own judgement than rely entirely on news reports.”
① “Though”是连词，引导让步状语从句，表示“虽然；尽管”。
② “be committed to doing sth.”是短语，“致力于做某事”。
③ “entirely”是副词，“完全地；全部地”。
整句意思：尽管记者致力于呈现真相，但比起完全依赖新闻报道，使用我们自己的判断更好。
4.“With great discrimination, every one of us has the potential to be a critical news reader.”
① “discrimination”是名词，“辨别力；判断力”。
② “potential”是名词，“潜力；可能性”。
③ “has the potential to”是一个常用的短语，意思是“有潜力做......；有可能......”。
整句意思：有很强的辨别力，我们每个人都有可能成为一个批判性的新闻读

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