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2025年高中英语语法倒装句句型知识讲解
英语句子通常有两种语序:主语在前,谓语在后,称为自然语序,谓语在前,主语在后,称为倒装语序。倒装语序分为： a 完全倒装 b 部分倒装
一、完全倒装
谓语动词置主语前，且主语必须是名词，若为代词则不倒装。谓语部分无助动词（ do,have ）和情态动词，但可以用连系动词 be.完全倒装有以下情况：
1.当句首为副词in,out,up,down,here,there ,off,away, over, 等，且主语为名词时，这类倒装句只用一般现在时和一般过去时。
Our teacher came in.
－＞In came our teacher.
Out rushed the boys.
Here comes the bus.
There goes the bell. 铃响了。
注意：
主语是人称代词时，主语和谓语语序不变。
Here it is.
Away he went.
2.当地点介词短语位于句首，且主语为名词时，不加助动词did, does或do.
On top of the hill stands a big pine tree. Under the tree were some children.
Under a big tree ___D_____, half asleep.
A. did sat a fat man B. a fat man sat
C. did a fat man sat D. sat a fat man
3. there be 结构，be 与后面的主语保持一致.与 there 连用的动词还有stand, lie, live ，come,enter, flow, rise,exist,seem,appear ，happen 等。
There were a lot of people in the park last Sunday.上周日公园里有很多人。
There lies a large wheat field in front of the house.
Once there lived a king who was cruel to his people. 从前有一位对人民很残暴的国王。
There came shouts for help from the river. In front of the tower there flews a stream.
4. 主语较长，表语形容词、过去分词，then时间副词等较短放在句首，为保持句子平衡，应完全倒装。
Typical for China is the crosstalk show， in which two comedians entertain the audiences with words. 中国典型的艺术形式是相声，两名演员用言语来逗乐观众。
Gone are the days when we Chinese were looked down upon.中国人民被歧视的日子已成为过去。
Gone forever are the days when the Chinese people had to use foreign oil.
Then came 8 years of the Anti Japanese War.
Long live the Chinese Communist Party of China！中国共产党万岁！
二、部分倒装 将助动词调到主语前，主语可以是名词也可以是代词。使用部分倒装的情况有：
否定词放句首时， never ，neither ，nor ，few ,little ，seldom ，hardly ，scarcely，
rarely ,in no way ，at no time ，by no means, not ，no, no sooner,nowhere， not only not until
We seldom get up at four in the morning.
= Seldom do we get up at four in the morning.
Seldom does he spend his time playing cards.他很少花时间去玩扑克。
Not a single word from him could the enemy drag.
Rarely have I heard of such a silly thing.
Never have I heard of that place before.我以前从未听说过那个地方。
Not only is he busy, but also I have a lot of work to do.
Not only does he speak English very well, but also he speaks French well.
Not only did he give me some advice，but also he lent me some money.
Neither does he watch TV，nor does he see films in the evening.
注1 当not only… but also ， neither …… nor …… 连接两个主语等时，不用倒装；
Not only you but also he is busy.
Neither you nor he is busy.
注2 由 not until 引导的时间状语从句位于句首时，主句应部分倒装，从句语序不变。
He did not return to his hometown until 1998
=＞Not until 1998 did he return to his hometown .
We did not begin to have supper last night until Father came back
=＞Not until Father came back did we begin to have supper last night.
注3 in no time立刻，马上，放句首不倒装
注4
hardly…when;rarely…when,scarcely…when, no sooner…than引导的句子用过去完成时。主句倒装，从句不倒装。
正常语序 主语+had hardly done when… did
倒装语序 Hardly had + 主语+ done when… did
例如The bell had hardly rung when the class began.
=＞Hardly had the bell rung when the class began.
Rarely had he gone to bed when he fell asleep.他一上床就睡着了。
Scarcely had I got into the classroom when it began to rain.

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