资源简介

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
主题三：社会服务与人际沟通
一、语法填空
（2024·新高考Ⅱ卷） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Chinese cultural elements commemorating（纪念）Tang Xianzu, 　1． 　is known as "the Shakespeare of Asia," add an international character to Stratford-upon-Avon, William Shakespeare's hometown.
Tang and Shakespeare were contemporaries and both died in 1616. Although they could never have met, there are common 　2． 　（theme）in their works, said Paul Edmondson, head of research for the Shakespeare Birthplace Trust. "Some of the things that Tang was writing about 　3． 　（be）also Shakespeare's concerns. I happen to know that Tang's play The Peony Pavilion（《牡丹亭》）is similar in some ways 　4． 　Romeo and Juliet."
A statue commemorating Shakespeare and Tang was put up at Shakespeare's Birthplace Garden in 2017. Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, 　5． 　（inspire）by The Peony Pavilion, 　6． 　（build）at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes' walk from Shakespeare's birthplace.
Those cultural elements have increased Stratford's international 　7． 　（visible）, said Edmondson, adding that visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed 　8． 　（find）the connection between the two great writers.
　9． 　（recall）watching a Chinese opera version of Shakespeare's play RichardⅢ in Shanghai and meeting Chinese actors who came to Stratford a few years ago to perform parts of The Peony Pavilion, Edmondson said, "It was very exciting to hear the Chinese language 　10． 　see how Tang's play was being performed."
【答案】1．who；2．themes；3．were；4．to；5．inspired；6．was built；7．visibility；8．to find；9．Recalling；10．and
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了纪念"亚洲的莎士比亚"汤显祖的文化元素增强了莎士比亚故乡斯特拉特福德的国际色彩。尽管汤显祖与莎士比亚未曾见面，但他们的作品有共通主题。为纪念他们，在莎士比亚故居附近竖立了雕像和亭子。这些元素提高了斯特拉特福德的国际知名度，并吸引了游客对两位伟大作家之间联系的关注。
【点评】考查语法填空。本题考点涉及定语从句、名词、谓语动词、介词、非谓语动词、连词等知识点的考查。要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。
1．句意：有"亚洲莎士比亚"之称的汤显祖的中国文化元素，为莎士比亚的故乡——埃文河畔斯特拉特福镇增添了一抹国际化色彩。分析句子结构，可知此处是非限制性定语从句；定语从句中缺少主语，应使用关系代词，先行词Tang Xianzu（汤显祖）指人，故填who。
2．句意：莎士比亚出生地信托基金会的研究主管保罗·埃德蒙森说，尽管他们可能从未见过面，但他们的作品中有一些共同的主题。there be句型中，be动词的单复数与主语保持一致；句中系动词用的是are，所以主语应使用 复数形式，故填themes。
3．句意：汤所写的一些事情也是莎士比亚所关心的。分析句子结构，可知空格处缺少主句的谓语动词；根据定语从句中的谓语动词was writing，可知句子描述的是发生在过去的事情，依据时态一直原则，所以空格处应使用一般过去时态；主句主语Some of the things是复数，所以谓语动词应使用be动词一般过去时态的复数形式，故填were。
4．句意：我碰巧知道汤的话剧《牡丹亭》在某些方面与《罗密欧与朱丽叶》相似。be similar to 是固定短语，意"与……相似"，句中意"与《罗密欧与朱丽叶》相似"，故填to。
5．句意：两年后，一座以《牡丹亭》为灵感的六米高的亭子在第一花园建成，距离莎士比亚的出生地只有十分钟的步行路程。分析句子结构，可知此处是非谓语动词短语" 5 （inspire）by The Peony Pavilion"作状语，与句子主语"a six-meter-tall pavilion一座六米高的亭子"构成被动关系，所以应使用过去分词，故填inspired。
6．句意：两年后，一座以《牡丹亭》为灵感的六米高的亭子在第一花园建成，距离莎士比亚的出生地只有十分钟的步行路程。分析句子结构，可知此处是句子的谓语动词；根据句意，句子描述发生在过去的事情，应使用一般过去时态；谓语动词build与主语 a six-meter-tall pavilion构成被动关系，应使用被动语态。故填was built。
7．句意：埃德蒙森说，这些文化元素提高了斯特拉特福德的国际知名度。他还说，当游客走过出生地花园时，常常会惊讶地发现这两位伟大作家之间的联系。根据常见结构"形容词性物主代词+形容词+名词"，可知空格处应使用名词；visible的名词visibility（意"可见性"）是不可数名词，故填visibility。
8．句意：埃德蒙森说，这些文化元素提高了斯特拉特福德的国际知名度。他还说，当游客走过出生地花园时，常常会惊讶地发现这两位伟大作家之间的联系。be amazed to do sth是固定短语，意"惊讶的做某事"，故填to find。
9．句意：埃德蒙森回忆起在上海观看莎士比亚戏剧《理查德Ⅲ》的中国歌剧版本，以及几年前来到斯特拉特福德表演《牡丹亭》部分内容的中国演员，他说:"听到中文，看到唐的戏剧是如何被表演的，这是非常令人兴奋的。"非谓语动词短语" 9 （recall）watching a Chinese opera version of Shakespeare's play RichardⅢ in Shanghai "作状语，与句子主语Edmondson构成主动关系，即"Edmondson回忆起在上海观看莎士比亚戏剧《理查德Ⅲ》的中国歌剧版本"，应使用V-ing形式，故填Recalling。
10．句意：埃德蒙森回忆起在上海观看莎士比亚戏剧《理查德Ⅲ》的中国歌剧版本，以及几年前来到斯特拉特福德表演《牡丹亭》部分内容的中国演员，他说:"听到中文，看到唐的戏剧是如何被表演的，这是非常令人兴奋的。"根据句意，可知空格后的动词see与空格前的hear是并列关系，共同与之前的to构成动词不定式，在句中作真实主语，故填and。
二、阅读理解
（2024·新高考Ⅱ卷） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
Do you ever get to the train station and realize you forgot to bring something to read Yes, we all have our phones, but many of us still like to go old school and read something printed.
Well, there's a kiosk（小亭）for that. In the San Francisco Bay Area, at least.
"You enter the fare gates（检票口）and you'll see a kiosk that is lit up and it tells you can get a one-minute, a three-minute, or a five-minute story," says Alicia Trost, the chief communications officer for the San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit - known as BART. "You choose which length you want and it gives you a receipt-like short story."
It's that simple. Riders have printed nearly 20,000 short stories and poems since the program was launched last March. Some are classic short stories, and some are new original works.
Trost also wants to introduce local writers to local riders. "We wanted to do something where we do a call to artists in the Bay Area to submit stories for a contest," Trost says. "And as of right now, we've received about 120 submissions. The winning stories would go into our kiosk and then you would be a published artist."
Ridership on transit（交通）systems across the country has been down the past half century, so could short stories save transit
Trost thinks so.
"At the end of the day all transit agencies right now are doing everything they can to improve the rider experience. So I absolutely think we will get more riders just because of short stories," she says.
And you'll never be without something to read.
11．Why did BART start the kiosk program
A．To promote the local culture. B．To discourage phone use.
C．To meet passengers' needs. D．To reduce its running costs.
12．How are the stories categorized in the kiosk
A．By popularity. B．By length.
C．By theme. D．By language.
13． What has Trost been doing recently
A．Organizing a story contest.
B．Doing a survey of customers.
C．Choosing a print publisher.
D．Conducting interviews with artists.
14．What is Trost's opinion about BART's future
A．It will close down. B．Its profits will decline.
C．It will expand nationwide. D．Its ridership will increase.
【答案】11．C
12．B
13．A
14．D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了旧金山湾区的一个快速交通系统（BART）在车站设立了小亭，提供一分钟、三分钟或五分钟长度的短篇故事或诗歌打印服务。自去年三月推出以来，乘客们已打印了近20,000篇短篇故事和诗歌，其中既有经典作品也有新创作。该项目旨在向乘客介绍当地作家，目前已收到约120篇投稿，获奖作品将加入小亭的供应。BART的首席通讯官阿莉西亚·特罗斯特认为，通过改善乘客体验，如提供短篇故事，可以吸引更多乘客使用公共交通工具。
【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题和推断题两种常考题型，细节题要注意通过关键词从文中寻找答案；推断题需要对已有信息进行加工处理，推断出需要的信息。
11．推理判断题。根据第一段"Do you ever get to the train station and realize you forgot to bring something to read Yes, we all have our phones, but many of us still like to go old school and read something printed你是否有过这样的经历:到火车站时，你发现自己忘了带东西看 是的，我们都有手机，但我们中的许多人仍然喜欢走老路，阅读印刷的东西"和第二段中的"Well, there's a kiosk（小亭）for that嗯，有一个售货亭"，可知BART启动自助亭计划是为了满足顾客需求，故选C。
12．细节理解题。根据第三段中的"you'll see a kiosk that is lit up and it tells you can get a one-minute, a three-minute, or a five-minute story你会看到一个亮着灯的报刊亭，它告诉你可以买一个一分钟、三分钟或五分钟的故事"和"You choose which length you want and it gives you a receipt-like short story你选择你想要的长度，它就会给你一个像收据一样的短篇故事 "，可知小亭中的故事是按照长度分类的，故选B。
13．细节理解题。根据第五段中的"We wanted to do something where we do a call to artists in the Bay Area to submit stories for a contest我们想做一些事情，我们打电话给海湾地区的艺术家，让他们为比赛提交故事"，可知Trost最近在准备举办一场比赛，故选A。
14．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的"So I absolutely think we will get more riders just because of short stories所以我绝对认为我们会因为短篇小说而获得更多的乘车者"，可知在Trost看来，BART的读者会增加，故选D。
（2024·浙江） 阅读理解
The Stanford marshmallow (棉花糖) test was originally conducted by psychologist Walter Mischel in the late 1960s. Children aged four to six at a nursery school were placed in a room. A single sugary treat, selected by the child, was placed on a table. Each child was told if they waited for 15 minutes before eating the treat, they would be given a second treat. Then they were left alone in the room. Follow-up studies with the children later in life showed a connect ion between an ability to wait long enough to obtain a second treat and various forms of success.
As adults we face a version of the marshmallow test every day. We' re not tempted (诱惑) by sugary treats, but by our computers, phones, and tablets — all the devices that connect us to the global delivery system for various types of information that do to us what marshmallows do to preschoolers.
We are tempted by sugary treats because our ancestors lived in a calorie-poor world, and our brains developed a response mechanism to these treats that reflected their value — a feeling of reward and satisfaction. But as we've reshaped the world around us, dramatically reducing the cost and effort involved in obtaining calories, we still have the same brains we had thousands of years ago, and this mismatch is at the heart of why so many of us struggle to resist tempting foods that we know we shouldn't eat.
A similar process is at work in our response to information. Our formative environment as a species was information-poor, so our brains developed a mechanism that prized new information. But global connectivity has greatly changed our information environment. We are now ceaselessly bombarded (轰炸) with new information. Therefore, just as we need to be more thoughtful about our caloric consumption, we also need to be more thoughtful about our information consumption, resisting the temptation of the mental "junk food" in order to manage our time most effectively.
15．What did the children need to do to get a second treat in Mischel's test
A．Take an examination alone.
B．Show respect for the researchers.
C．Share their treats with others.
D．Delay eating for fifteen minutes.
16．According to paragraph 3, there is a mismatch between ____.
A．the calorie-poor world and our good appetites
B．the shortage of sugar and our nutritional needs
C．the rich food supply and our unchanged brains
D．the tempting foods and our efforts to keep fit
17．What does the author suggest readers do
A．Absorb new information readily.
B．Be selective information consumers.
C．Use diverse information sources.
D．Protect the information environment.
18．Which of the following is the best title for the text
A．Eat Less, Read More
B．The Bitter Truth about Early Humans
C．The Later, the Better
D．The Marshmallow Test for Grownups
【答案】15．D
16．C
17．B
18．D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了在信息化时代我们作为成年人每天都在面对棉花糖测试，信息轰炸让我们摄入了太多精神"垃圾食品"。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和标题归纳两个题型的考查，是一篇社会现象类阅读，首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握大意，然后结合具体的题目，再读短文，从中找出相关信息，就可以确定正确答案。
15．考查细节理解。根据第一段中的"Each child was told if they waited for 15 minutes before eating the treat, they would be given a second treat."每个孩子都被告知，如果他们在吃之前等待15分钟，他们将得到第二次奖励。可知，在米歇尔的测试中，孩子们需要在吃之前等待15分钟才能得到第二次奖励。故选D。
16．考查细节理解。根据第三段中的"But as we've reshaped the world around us, dramatically reducing the cost and effort involved in obtaining calories, we still have the same brains we had thousands of years ago, and this mismatch is at the heart of why so many of us struggle to resist tempting foods that we know we shouldn't eat."但是，当我们重塑了我们周围的世界，大大减少了获取卡路里的成本和努力时，我们的大脑仍然和几千年前一样，这种不匹配是我们这么多人努力抵抗我们知道不应该吃的诱人食物的核心原因。可知，根据第三段可知，丰富的食物供应和我们不曾改变的大脑之间存在不匹配。故选C。
17．考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的"Therefore, just as we need to be more thoughtful about our caloric consumption, we also need to be more thoughtful about our information consumption, resisting the temptation of the mental ‘junk food' in order to manage our time most effectively."因此，就像我们需要更仔细地考虑我们的热量消耗一样，我们也需要更仔细地考虑我们的信息消耗，抵制精神"垃圾食品"的诱惑，以便最有效地管理我们的时间。可知，作者建议读者做有选择性的信息消费者。故选B。
18．考查标题归纳。根据第二段"As adults we face a version of the marshmallow test every day. We' re not tempted (诱惑) by sugary treats, but by our computers, phones, and tablets — all the devices that connect us to the global delivery system for various types of information that do to us what marshmallows do to preschoolers."作为成年人，我们每天都要面对棉花糖测试。诱惑我们的不是甜食，而是我们的电脑、手机和平板电脑——所有这些将我们与全球信息传递系统连接起来的设备，它们对我们的作用就像棉花糖对学龄前儿童的作用一样。可知，本文介绍了在信息化时代我们作为成年人每天都在面对棉花糖测试，信息轰炸让我们摄入了太多精神"垃圾食品"。故选D。
（2024·浙江） 阅读理解
On September 7, 1991, the costliest hailstorm (花暴) in Canadian history hit Calgary's southern suburbs. As a result, since 1996 a group of insurance companies have spent about $2million per year on the Alberta Hail Suppression Project. Airplanes seed threatening storm cells with a chemical to make small ice crystals fall as rain before they can grow into dangerous hailstones. But farmers in east-central Alberta — downwind of the hail project flights — worry that precious moisture (水分) is being stolen from their thirsty land by the cloud seeding.
Norman Stienwand, who farms in that area, has been addressing public meetings on this issue for years "Basically, the provincial government is letting the insurance companies protect the Calgary-Edmonton urban area from hail, " Mr. Stienwan d says, "but they're increasing drought risk as far east as Saskatchewan. "
The Alberta hail project is managed by Terry Krauss, a cloud physicist who works for Weather Modification Inc. of Fargo, North Dakota. "We affect only a very small percentage of the total moisture in the air, so we cannot be cousing drought. " Dr. Krauss says. "In fact, we may be helping increase the moisture downwind by creating wetter ground. "
One doubter about the safety of cloud seeding is Chuck Doswell, a research scientist who just retired from the University of Oklahoma. "In 1999, I personally saw significant tornadoes (龙卷风) form from a seeded storm cell in Kansas, " Dr. Doswell says. "Does cloud seeding create killer storms or reduce moisture downwind No one really knows, of course, but the seeding goes on. "
Given the degree of doubt, Mr. Stienwand suggests, "it would be wise to stop cloud seeding. " In practice, doubt has had the opposite effect. Due to the lack of scientific proof concerning their impacts, no one has succeeded in winning a lawsuit against cloud-seeding companies. Hence, private climate engineering can proceed in relative legal safety.
19．What does the project aim to do
A．Conserve moisture in the soil.
B．Prevent the formation of hailstones.
C．Forecast disastrous hailstorms.
D．Investigate chemical use in farming.
20．Who are opposed to the project
A．Farmers in east-central Alberta.
B．Managers of insurance companies.
C．Provincial government officials.
D．Residents of Calgary and Edmonton
21．Why does Dr. Doswell mention the tornadoes he saw in 1999
A．To compare different kinds of seeding methods.
B．To illustrate the development of big hailstorms.
C．To indicate a possible danger of cloud seeding.
D．To show the link between storms and moisture.
22．What can we infer from the last paragraph
A．Scientific studies have proved Stienwand right.
B．Private climate engineering is illegal in Canada.
C．The doubt about cloud seeding has disappeared.
D．Cloud-seeding companies will continue to exist.
【答案】19．B
20．A
21．C
22．D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道，报道了1991年9月7日，加拿大历史上损失最大的冰雹袭击了卡尔加里的南郊。因此，自1996年以来，一组保险公司每年在艾伯塔省冰雹抑制项目上花费约200万美元。飞机在有威胁的风暴中心中播撒一种化学物质，使小冰晶在变成危险的冰雹之前像雨一样落下。但是，在艾伯塔省中东部的农民们担心，"冰雹计划"飞行的下风处，宝贵的水分正被人工降雨从他们干渴的土地上偷走。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇新闻报道，通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
19．考查细节理解。根据第一段中的"As a result, since 1996 a group of insurance companies have spent about $2million per year on the Alberta Hail Suppression Project. Airplanes seed threatening storm cells with a chemical to make small ice crystals fall as rain before they can grow into dangerous hailstones."因此，自1996年以来，一组保险公司每年在艾伯塔省冰雹抑制项目上花费约200万美元。飞机在有威胁的风暴中心中播撒一种化学物质，使小冰晶在变成危险的冰雹之前像雨一样落下。可知，这个项目的目标是防止冰雹的形成。故选B。
20．考查细节理解。根据第一段中的"But farmers in east-central Alberta — downwind of the hail project flights — worry that precious moisture (水分) is being stolen from their thirsty land by the cloud seeding."但是，在艾伯塔省中东部的农民们担心，"冰雹计划"飞行的下风处，宝贵的水分正被人工降雨从他们干渴的土地上偷走。可知，艾伯塔省中东部的农民反对这个项目。故选A。
21．考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段"One doubter about the safety of cloud seeding is Chuck Doswell, a research scientist who just retired from the University of Oklahoma. ‘In 1999, I personally saw significant tornadoes (龙卷风) form from a seeded storm cell in Kansas,' Dr. Doswell says. ‘Does cloud seeding create killer storms or reduce moisture downwind No one really knows, of course, but the seeding goes on.'"查克·多斯韦尔是一位刚刚从俄克拉何马大学退休的研究科学家，他对人工降雨的安全性持怀疑态度。"1999年，我在堪萨斯州亲眼目睹了由种子风暴细胞形成的重大龙卷风，"多斯韦尔博士说。"人工降雨会制造致命风暴还是减少顺风处的水分？当然，没有人真正知道，但是播种还在继续。"可推知，多斯韦尔博士提到他在1999年看到的龙卷风是为了提示人工降雨可能带来的危险。故选C。
22．考查推理判断。根据最后一段"Given the degree of doubt, Mr. Stienwand suggests, ‘it would be wise to stop cloud seeding.' In practice, doubt has had the opposite effect. Due to the lack of scientific proof concerning their impacts, no one has succeeded in winning a lawsuit against cloud-seeding companies. Hence, private climate engineering can proceed in relative legal safety."考虑到质疑的程度，斯廷旺德建议，"停止人工降雨是明智的。"在实践中，怀疑产生了相反的效果。由于缺乏有关其影响的科学证据，没有人成功地赢得了对人工降雨公司的诉讼。因此，私人气候工程可以在相对合法的安全条件下进行。可推知，从最后一段我们能推断出人工降雨公司将继续存在。故选D。
一、语法填空
（2023·全国甲卷） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式.
For thousands of years, people have told fables(寓言) 　1． 　(teach) a lesson or to pass on wisdom. Fables were part of the oral tradition of many early cultures, and the well-known Aesop's fables date to the 　2． 　(six) century , B. C. Yet, the form of the fable still has values today, 　3． 　 Rachel Carson says in "A Fable for Tomorrow."
Carson uses a simple, direct style common to fable. In fact, her style and tone (口吻) are seemingly directed at children. "There was once a town in the heart of America. 　4． 　 all life seemed to enjoy peaceful cistece with is sounding," her fable begins, 　5． 　(borrow) some familiar words from many age-old fables. Behind the simple style, however, is a serious message　6． 　(intend) for everyone.
　7． 　(difference) from traditional fables, Carson's story ends with an accusation instead of amoral. She warns of the environmental dangers facing society, and she teaches that people must take responsibility 　8． 　 saving their environment.
The themes of traditional fables often deal with simple truths about everyday life. However, Cason's heme is a more weighty 　9． 　(warn) about nivonmental destruction. Carson proves that a simple liryra form that has been passed down through the ages can still 　10． 　(employ) today to draw attention to important truths.
【答案】1．to teach；2．sixth；3．as；4．where；5．borrowing；6．intended；7．Different；8．for；9．warning；10．be employed
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了寓言的形式在今天仍然具有价值。
【点评】考查语法填空，本题考点涉及非谓语动词，数词，定语从句，形容词，介词，名词，语态以及固定搭配等多个知识点的考查，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。
1．句意：几千年来，人们通过讲寓言来传授知识或传授智慧。此处不定式作目的状语，故填to teach。
2．句意：寓言是许多古代文化口述传统的一部分，而著名的伊索寓言可以追溯到公元前6世纪。century"世纪"前面要用序数词形式，故填sixth。
3．句意：然而，正如 Rachel Carson says 在《明日寓言》中所说，寓言的形式在今天仍然具有价值。 Rachel Carson says it in "A Fable for Tomorrow." 是非限定性定语从句，且有"正如"之意，用关系代词as引导。故填as。
4．句意："从前，在美国的中心地带有一个小镇，那里所有的生命似乎都和周围的环境一起享受着和平的生活，"她的寓言是这样开头的，借用了许多古老寓言中的一些熟悉的词。 all life seemed to enjoy peaceful cistece with is sounding 是非限制性定语从句，先行词为town，在从句中作地点状语，应用 关系副词where引导。故填where。
5．句意："从前，在美国的中心地带有一个小镇，那里所有的生命似乎都和周围的环境一起享受着和平的生活，"她的寓言是这样开头的，借用了许多古老寓言中的一些熟悉的词。her fable与borrow在逻辑上是主谓关系，现在分词表主动，此处作状语。故填borrowing。
6．句意：然而，在简洁的风格背后，是每个人都想要传达的重要信息。be intended for固定短语，"打算为……所用"，在句中作定语，应用过去分词，故填intended。
7．句意：与传统寓言不同，卡森的故事以一种指责而不是道德结束。be different from固定短语，"与……不同"，此处形容词作状语。故填Different。
8．句意：她警告社会面临的环境危险，并教导人们必须承担起保护环境的责任。take responsibility for固定短语，"对……负责"，故填for。
9．句意：然而，卡森的主题是对环境破坏的更严重警告。形容词weighty后接名词形式。根据句中不定冠词a可知，用可数名词的单数形式。故填warning。
10．句意：卡森证明了一种简单的抒情形式，已经代代相传，今天仍然可以用来吸引人们对重要真理的关注。从句主语a simple lyric form与employ之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。情态动词can后接动词原形。故填be employed。
（2023·新高考I卷）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Xiao long bao (soup dumplings), those amazing constructions of delicate dumpling wrappers, encasing hot, 　11． 　 (taste) soup and sweet, fresh meat, are far and away my favorite Chinese street food. The dumplings arrive steaming and dangerously hot. To eat one, you have to decide whether　12． 　 (bite) a small hole in it first, releasing the stream and risking a spill (溢出)，　13． 　 to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue. Shanghai may be the 　14． 　 (recognize) home of the soup dumplings but food historians will actually point you to the neighboring canal town of Nanxiang as Xiao long bao's birthplace. There you will find them prepared differently — more dumpling and less soup, and the wrappers are pressed 　15． 　 hand rather than rolled. Nanxiang aside, the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them 　16． 　 (lift) out of the steamer basket without allowing them tearing or spilling any of 　17． 　 (they) contents. The meat should be fresh with 　18． 　 touch of sweetness and the soup hot, clear and delicious.
No matter where I buy them, one steamer is 　19． 　 (rare) enough, yet two seems greedy, so I am always left 　20． 　 (want) more next time.
【答案】11．tasty；12．to bite；13．or；14．recognized；15．by；16．to be lifted；17．their；18．a；19．rarely；20．wanting
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了小笼包这一传统美食。
【点评】考查语法填空。本题考点涉及名词、定语从句、非谓语动词、副词、冠词、形容词、介词、被动语态等知识点的考查。要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。
11．句意：小笼包(汤包)，那些精致的饺子皮，包裹着热腾腾的美味汤和甜甜的鲜肉，是我最喜欢的中国街头小吃。根据空格后的名词soup，结合"形容词+名词"结构，可知空格处需要填入形容词修饰名词soup，故填tasty。
12．句意：要吃小笼包，你必须决定是先在上面咬一个小洞，冒着流出汁水的风险，还是把整个饺子放进嘴里，让热汤在舌头上炸开。与第3空后的to put……构成选择选项，所以形式应保持一致，故填to bite。
13．句意：要吃小笼包，你必须决定是先在上面咬一个小洞，冒着流出汁水的风险，还是把整个饺子放进嘴里，让热汤在舌头上炸开。与第2空格前的whether构成搭配，意"无论是……还是……"，属选择关系，故填or。
14．句意：上海可能是公认的汤包之乡，但美食历史学家会告诉你，邻近的运河小镇南翔才是小笼包的发源地。根据常考结构"冠词+（定语）+名词"，可知空格处需作定语，结合所给动词，可知recognized可作定语，意"公认的"，故填recognized。
15．句意：在那里，你会发现它们的制作方式不同——更多的是饺子，更少的是汤，饺子皮是用手压的，而不是卷起来的。与空格后的rolled（意"擀的"）意思相反，此处作"手工制作"（by hand），故填by hand。
16．句意：除了南翔，最好的小笼包都有很好的表皮，可以让它们从蒸笼里拿出来，而不会撕裂或洒出任何东西。根据固定短语allow sb to do sth，可知空格处应天动词不定式；根据空格前的代词them与空格处的不定式之间的被的关系（意"小笼包从笼屉中被拿出来"），可知空格处应使用不定式的被动形式，故填to be lifted。
17．句意：除了南翔，最好的小笼包都有很好的表皮，可以让它们从蒸笼里拿出来，而不会撕裂或洒出任何东西。根据空格后的名词contents，可知空格处应使用形容词性物主代词作定语，修饰名词，故填their。
18．句意：肉应该是新鲜的，有一点甜味，汤应该是热的，清澈的，美味的。空格后的名词touch是可数名词，所以空格处应是修饰、限定该名词的成分，结合句意，此处表示泛指，意"一种……的味道"，故填a。
19．句意：无论我在哪里买，一蒸笼都不够用，而两蒸笼又显得太贪心了，所以我总是想下次再买。空格前后的系动词is和形容词enough构成完整的系表结构，所以空格处应使用副词修饰形容词，故填rarely。
20．句意：无论我在哪里买，一蒸笼都不够用，而两蒸笼又显得太贪心了，所以我总是想下次再买。非谓语动词短语 10 (want) more next time作主语补足语，说明主语的状态，与主语I构成主动的关系，所以应使用V-ing形式，故填wanting。
二、阅读理解
（2023·全国乙卷）阅读理解
What comes into your mind when you think of British food Probably fish and chips, or a Sunday dinner of meat and two vegetables. But is British food really so uninteresting Even though Britain has a reputation for less-than-impressive cuisine, it is producing more top class chefs who appear frequently on our television screens and whose recipe books frequently top the best seller lists.
It's thanks to these TV chefs rather than any advertising campaign that Britons are turning away from meat-and-two-veg and ready-made meals and becoming more adventurous in their cooking habits. It is recently reported that the number of those sticking to a traditional diet is slowly declining and around half of Britain's consumers would like to change or improve their cooking in some way. There has been a rise in the number of students applying for food courses at UK universities and colleges. It seems that TV programmes have helped change what people think about cooking.
According to a new study from market analysts, 1 in 5 Britons say that watching cookery programmes on TV has encouraged them to try different food. Almost one third say they now use a wider variety of ingredients (配料) than they used to, and just under 1 in 4 say they now buy better quality ingredients than before. One in four adults say that TV chefs have made them much more confident about expanding their cookery knowledge and skills, and young people are also getting more interested in cooking. The UK's obsession (痴迷) with food is reflected through television scheduling. Cookery shows and documentaries about food are broadcast more often than before. With an increasing number of male chefs on TV, it's no longer "uncool" for boys to like cooking.
21．What do people usually think of British food
A．It is simple and plain. B．It is rich in nutrition.
C．It lacks authentic tastes. D．It deserves a high reputation.
22．Which best describes cookery programmes on British TV
A．Authoritative. B．Creative. C．Profitable. D．Influential.
23．Which is the percentage of the people using more diverse ingredients now
A．20%. B．24%. C．25%. D．33%.
24．What might the author continue talking about
A．The art of cooking in other countries.
B．Male chefs on TV programmes.
C．Table manners in the UK.
D．Studies of big eaters.
【答案】21．A
22．D
23．D
24．B
【解析】【分析】本篇是一篇说明文，介绍了英国人在烹饪节目的影响下改变传统的英式饮食，并尝试新的烹饪习惯。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
21．考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“What comes into your mind when you think of British food Probably fish and chips, or a Sunday dinner of meat and two vegetables. But is British food really so uninteresting ”当你想到英国食物时，你会想到什么？你可能想到的是炸鱼薯条，或是一肉两菜的周日晚餐。但是，英国食物真的如此无趣吗？可知对于英国食物，大家往往只是想到炸鱼薯条和周日周日晚餐，也就是说人们会觉得英国食物简简单单，平淡无奇。故选A。
22．考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“ It's thanks to these TV chefs rather than any advertising campaign that Britons are turning away from meat-and-two-veg and ready-made meals and becoming more adventurous in their cooking habits. ”正是由于电视上的这些大厨，而不是凭借广告宣传活动，英国人正在远离“一肉两菜”和速食餐，而变得更加愿意探索新的烹饪习惯；以及“It seems that TV programmes have helped change what people think about cooking.”似乎电视节目帮助改变了人们对烹饪的看法。可推断英国的烹饪节目在尝试从传统的英式饮食走出来，尝试新的烹饪习惯，英国的烹饪节目具有很大的影响力。故选D。
23．考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“ Almost one third say they now use a wider variety of ingredients (配料) than they used to, and just under 1 in 4 say they now buy better quality ingredients than before.”几乎三分之一的人表示他们现在使用的配料比以前更多，将近四分之一的人表示他们现在购买的配料质量比以前更好。也就是说33%左右的人，使用的配料比以前更多。故选D。
24．考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“With an increasing number of male chefs on TV, it's no longer 'uncool' for boys to like cooking.”随着电视上出现越来越多男性厨师，男孩子喜欢烹饪不再是一件“不酷”的事了。可推断，下文应该具体介绍电视上的男性厨师，故选B。
（2023·浙江）
阅读理解
A machine can now not only beat you at chess, it can also outperform you in debate. Last week, in a public debate in San Francisco, a software program called Project Debater beat its human opponents, including Noa Ovadia, Israel's former national debating champion.
Brilliant though it is, Project Debater has some weaknesses. It takes sentences from its library of documents and prebuilt arguments and strings them together. This can lead to the kinds of errors no human would make. Such wrinkles will no doubt be ironed out, yet they also point to a fundamental problem. As Kristian Hammond, professor of electrical engineering and computer science at Northwestern University, put it: "There's never a stage at which the system knows what it's talking about."
What Hammond is referring to is the question of meaning, and meaning is central to what distinguishes the least intelligent of humans from the most intelligent of machines. A computer works with symbols. Its program specifies a set of rules to transform one string of symbols into another. But it does not specify what those symbols mean. Indeed, to a computer, meaning is irrelevant. Humans, in thinking, talking, reading and writing, also work with symbols. But for humans, meaning is everything. When we communicate, we communicate meaning. What matters is not just the outside of a string of symbols, but the inside too, not just how they are arranged but what they mean.
Meaning emerges through a process of social interaction, not of computation, interaction that shapes the content of the symbols in our heads. The rules that assign meaning lie not just inside our heads, but also outside, in society, in social memory, social conventions and social relations. It is this that distinguishes humans from machines. And that's why, however astonishing Project Debater may seem, the tradition that began with Socrates and Confucius will not end with artificial intelligence.
25．Why does the author mention Noa Ovadia in the first paragraph
A．To explain the use of a software program.
B．To show the cleverness of Project Debater.
C．To introduce the designer of Project Debater.
D．To emphasize the fairness of the competition.
26．What does the underlined word "wrinkles" in paragraph 2 refer to
A．Arguments. B．Doubts. C．Errors. D．Differences.
27．What is Project Debater unable to do according to Hammond
A．Create rules. B．Comprehend meaning.
C．Talk fluently. D．Identify difficult words.
28．What can we learn from the last paragraph
A．Social interaction is key to understanding symbols.
B．The human brain has potential yet to be developed.
C．Ancient philosophers set good examples for debaters.
D．Artificial intelligence ensures humans a bright future.
【答案】25．B
26．C
27．B
28．A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道，报道了在辩论中战胜人类的名为Project Debater的软件程序。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇新闻报道，通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
25．考查推理判断。根据第一段中的"Last week, in a public debate in San Francisco, a software program called Project Debater beat its human opponents, including Noa Ovadia, Israel's former national debating champion. ”上周，在旧金山的一场公开辩论中，一个名为Project Debater的软件程序击败了它的人类对手，其中包括以色列前全国辩论冠军Noa Ovadia。可知，作者在第一段提到Noa Ovadia的目的是展示Project Debater的聪明。故选B。
26．考查词义猜测。根据第二段中的"Brilliant though it is, Project Debater has some weaknesses. It takes sentences from its library of documents and prebuilt arguments and strings them together. This can lead to the kinds of errors no human would make. ”尽管Project Debater很聪明，但它也有一些弱点。它从文档库和预先构建的参数中提取句子，并将它们串在一起。这可能会导致人类不会犯的错误，"和"will no doubt be ironed out 毫无疑问会被解决。可知，“Such wrinkles will no doubt be ironed out, yet they also point to a fundamental problem. ”的意思是：这样的错误会被纠正，被解决"，划线词wrinkles的意思是"错误"，和errors意思相近，故选C。
27．考查细节理解。根第三段中的"What Hammond is referring to is the question of meaning, and meaning is central to what distinguishes the least intelligent of humans from the most intelligent of machines. A computer works with symbols. Its program specifies a set of rules to transform one string of symbols into another. But it does not specify what those symbols mean. Indeed, to a computer, meaning is irrelevant. ”Hammond所指的是意义的问题，而意义是区分最不聪明的人类和最聪明的机器的关键。计算机使用符号。它的程序指定了一组将一串符号转换为另一串符号的规则。但它并没有具体说明这些符号的含义。事实上，对于计算机来说，意义是无关紧要的。可知，根据Hammond的说法，Project Debater不能理解意义，故选B。
28．考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的"Meaning emerges through a process of social interaction, not of computation, interaction that shapes the content of the symbols in our heads. The rules that assign meaning lie not just inside our heads, but also outside, in society, in social memory, social conventions and social relations. ”意义的产生是通过社会互动的过程，而不是计算的过程，这种互动塑造了我们头脑中符号的内容。赋予意义的规则不仅存在于我们的头脑中，也存在于社会之外，存在于社会记忆、社会习俗和社会关系中。可知，从最后一段我们能了解到社会互动是理解符号的关键。故选A。
一、阅读理解
（2022·新高考Ⅰ卷）阅读理解
Human speech contains more than 2, 000 different sounds, from the common "m" and "a" to the rare clicks of some southern African languages. But why are certain sounds more common than others A ground-breaking, five-year study shows that diet-related changes in human bite led to new speech sounds that are now found in half the world's languages.
More than 30 years ago, the scholar Charles Hockett noted that speech sounds called labiodentals, such as "f" and "v", were more common in the languages of societies that ate softer foods. Now a team of researchers led by Damián Blasi at the University of Zurich, Switzerland, has found how and why this trend arose.
They discovered that the upper and lower front teeth of ancient human adults were aligned (对齐), making it hard to produce labiodentals, which are formed by touching the lower lip to the upper teeth. Later, our jaws changed to an overbite structure(结构), making it easier to produce such sounds.
The team showed that this change in bite was connected with the development of agriculture in the Neolithic period. Food became easier to chew at this point. The jawbone didn't have to do as much work and so didn't grow to be so large.
Analyses of a language database also confirmed that there was a global change in the sound of world languages after the Neolithic age, with the use of "f" and "v" increasing remarkably during the last few thousand years. These sounds are still not found in the languages of many hunter-gatherer people today.
This research overturns the popular view that all human speech sounds were present when human beings evolved around 300, 000 years ago. "The set of speech sounds we use has not necessarily remained stable since the appearance of human beings, but rather the huge variety of speech sounds that we find today is the product of a complex interplay of things like biological change and cultural evolution," said Steven Moran, a member of the research team.
1．Which aspect of the human speech sound does Damián Blasi's research focus on
A．Its variety. B．Its distribution.
C．Is quantity. D．Its development.
2．Why was it difficult for ancient human adults to produce labiodentals
A．They had fewer upper teeth than lower teeth.
B．They could not open and close their lips easily.
C．Their jaws were not conveniently structured.
D．Their lower front teeth were not large enough.
3．What is paragraph 5 mainly about
A．Supporting evidence for the research results.
B．Potential application of the research findings.
C．A further explanation of the research methods.
D．A reasonable doubt about the research process.
4．What does Steven Moran say about the set of human speech sounds
A．It is key to effective communication.
B．It contributes much too cultural diversity.
C．It is a complex and dynamic system.
D．It drives the evolution of human beings.
【答案】1．D
2．C
3．A
4．C
【解析】【分析】本篇是一篇说明文，介绍了因为饮食的改变导致了现在在世界上一半的语言中发现了新的语音。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和段落大意三个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握大意，然后结合具体的题目，再读短文，从中找出相关信息，就可以确定正确答案。
1．考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“More than 30 years ago, the scholar Charles Hockett noted that speech sounds called labiodentals, such as ‘f' and‘v', were more common in the languages of societies that ate softer foods. Now a team of researchers led by Damian Blasi at the University of Zurich, Switzerland, has found how and why this trend arose.”30多年前，学者Charles Hockett注意到，被称为唇齿音的语音，如“f”和“v”，在吃软食物的社会的语言中更常见。现在，瑞士苏黎世大学的Damian Blasi领导的一组研究人员发现了这一趋势产生的方式和原因。可知Damian Blasi的研究重点是在语言的演变上。故选D。
2．考查细节理解。根据第三段“They discovered that the upper and lower front teeth of ancient human adults were aligned，making it hard to produce labiodentals，which are formed by touching the lower lip to the upper teeth. Later, our jaws changed to an overbite structure , making it easier to produce such sounds.”他们发现，古人类的上门牙和下门牙是对齐的，因此很难产生唇齿音，唇齿音是通过下唇接触上牙齿而形成的。后来，我们的下颚变成了覆盖咬合结构，更容易发出这样的声音。可知，因为古代成年人的下颚结构使他们很难发出唇齿音。故选C。
3．考查段落大意。根据第五段“Analyses of a language database also confirmed that there was a global change in the sound of world languages after the so Neolithic age, with the use of ‘f' and ‘v'increasing remarkably during the last few thousand years. These sounds are still not found in the languages of many hunter-gatherer people today.”对语言数据库的分析也证实，在新石器时代之后，世界语言的发音发生了全球性的变化，在过去几千年里，“f”和“v”的使用显著增加。这些声音在今天许多狩猎采集者的语言中仍然没有发现。可知，第五段主要是通过列明数据分析结果来进一步证明研究结果。故选A。
4．考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“‘The set of speech sounds we use has not necessarily remained stable since the appearance of human beings, but rather the huge variety of speech sounds that we find today is the product of a complex interplay of things like biological change and cultural evolution,' said Steven Moran, a member of the research team.”研究小组成员Steven Moran说:“自从人类出现以来，我们使用的语音不一定保持稳定，我们今天发现的各种语音都是生物变化和文化进化等复杂相互作用的产物。”可知，Steven Moran认为语音是一个复杂的动态系统。故选C。
（2022·新高考Ⅰ卷）阅读理解
Like most of us, I try
to be mindful of food that goes to waste. The arugula (芝麻菜) was to make a nice green salad, rounding out a roast chicken
dinner. But I ended up working late. Then friends called with a dinner
invitation. I stuck the chicken in the freezer. But as days passed, the arugula
went bad. Even worse, I had unthinkingly bought way too much; I could have made
six salads with what I threw out.
In a world where
nearly 800 million people a year go hungry, "food waste goes against the
moral grain," as Elizabeth Royte writes in this month's cover story. It's
jaw-dropping how much perfectly good food is thrown away —
from "ugly" (but quite cat able) vegetables rejected
by grocers to large amounts of uneaten dishes thrown into restaurant garbage
cans.
Producing food that no
one eats wastes the water, fuel, and other resources used to grow it. That makes
food waste an environmental problem. In fact, Royte writes," if food waste
were a country, it would be the third largest producer of greenhouse gases in
the world. "
If that's hard to
understand, let's keep it as simple as the arugula at the back of my
refrigerator. Mike Curtin sees my arugula story all the time —
but for him, it's more like 12 boxes of donated strawberries
nearing their last days. Curtin is CEO of DC Central Kitchen in Washington. D.C.,
which recovers food and turns it into healthy meals. Last year it recovered
more than 807, 500 pounds of food by taking donations and collecting blemished
(有瑕疵的) produce that otherwise would have rotted
infields. And the strawberries Volunteers will wash, cut, and freeze or dry
them for use in meals down the road.
Such methods seem obvious,
yet so often we just don't think. "Everyone can play a part in reducing
waste, whether by not purchasing more food than necessary in your weekly
shopping or by asking restaurants to not include the side dish you won't eat."
Curtin says.
5．What does the author want to show by telling the arugula story
A．We pay little attention to food waste.
B．We waste food unintentionally at times.
C．we waste more vegetables than meat.
D．We have good reasons for wasting food.
6．What is a consequence of food waste according to the text
A．Moral decline. B．Environmental harm.
C．Energy shortage. D．Worldwide starvation.
7．What does Curtin's company do
A．It produces kitchen equipment.
B．It turns rotten arugula into clean fuel.
C．It helps local farmers grow fruits.
D．It makes meals out of unwanted food.
8．What does Curtin suggest people do
A．Buy only what is needed. B．Reduce food consumption.
C．Go shopping once a week. D．Eat in restaurants less often.
【答案】5．B
6．B
7．D
8．A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了我们日常生活中的食物浪费现象以及华盛顿DC中央厨房的首席执行官科廷为解决食物浪费而采取的努力。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇社会现象类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。
5．考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“Like most of us, I try to be mindful of food that goes to waste.”像我们大多数人一样，我努力关注那些被浪费的食物；以及“But as days passed, the arugula went bad. Even worse, I had unthinkingly bought way too much; could have made six salads with what I threw out.”但随着时间的推移，芝麻菜变坏了。更糟糕的是，我不假思索地买了太多东西；我扔掉的东西可以做六份沙拉。可推知，作者想通过讲述芝麻菜的故事来表明我们有时会无意间浪费食物。故选B。
6．考查细节理解。根据第三段“Producing food that no one eats wastes the water, fuel, and other, resources used to grow it. That makes food waste an environmental problem. In fact, Royte writes, ‘if food waste were a country, it would be the third largest producer of greenhouse gases in the world.'”生产没人吃的食物会浪费用于种植食物的水、燃料和其他资源。这使得食物浪费成为一个环境问题。事实上，罗伊特写道，“如果食物浪费是一个国家，它将是世界上第三大温室气体排放国。”可知，根据文中的说法，浪费食物的一个后果是对环境的危害。故选B。
7．考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的“Curtin is CEO of DC Central Kitchen in Washington. D.C., which recovers food and turns it into healthy meals. Last year it recovered more than 807,500 pounds of food by taking donations and collecting blemished (有瑕疵的) produce, that otherwise would have rotted in fields. And the strawberries Volunteers will wash, cut, and freeze or dry them for use in meals down the road.”科廷是华盛顿DC中央厨房的首席执行官，该公司把食物复原，变成健康的食物。去年，该组织通过接受捐赠和收集有瑕疵的农产品，收回了超过807500磅的食物，否则这些农产品就会在地里腐烂。草莓呢？志愿者们将清洗、切割、冷冻或干燥它们，以便在路上的餐食中使用。可知，科廷的公司用人们不想要的食物重新制作食物。故选D。
8．考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“‘Everyone can play a part in reducing waste, whether by not purchasing more food than necessary in your weekly shopping or by asking restaurants to not include the side dish you won't eat,' Curtin says.”“每个人都可以在减少浪费方面发挥作用，无论是在每周的购物中不购买不必要的食物，还是要求餐馆不包括你不吃的配菜，”科廷说。可知，科廷建议人们只买需要的东西来避免浪费食物。故选A。
（2022·全国乙卷）阅读理解
The
Government's sugar tax on soft drinks has brought in half as much money as Ministers
first predicted it would generate, the first official data on the policy has
shown.
First
announced in April, 2016, the tax which applies to soft drinks containing more
than 5g of sugar per 100ml, was introduced to help reduce childhood obesity（肥胖）. It is believed that today's children and teenagers are consuming
three times the recommended level of sugar, putting them at a higher risk of
the disease.
Initially
the sugar tax was expected to make 520m a year for the Treasury. However, data
of the first six months showed it would make less than half this amount. At
present it is expected to generate 240m for the year ending in April 2019,
which will go to school sports.
It
comes after more than half of soft drinks sold in shops have had their sugar
levels cut by manufacturers（制造商）so they
can avoid paying the tax. Drinks now contain 45 million fewer kilos of sugar as
a result of manufacturers' efforts to avoid the charge, according to Treasury figures.
Since April drinks companies have been forced to pay between 18p and 24p for
every litre of sugary drink they produce or import, depending on the sugar
content.
However,
some high sugar brands, like Classic Coca Cola, have accepted the sugar tax and
are refusing to change for fear of upsetting consumers. Fruit juices,
milk-based drinks and most alcoholic drinks are free of the tax, as are small
companies manufacturing fewer than 1m litres per year.
Today's
figures, according to one government official, show the positive influence the sugar
tax is having by raising millions of pounds for sports facilities（设施）and healthier eating in schools. Helping the next generation to have
a healthy and active childhood is of great importance, and the industry is
playing its part.
9．Why was the sugar tax introduced
A．To collect money for schools. B．To improve the quality of drinks.
C．To protect children's health. D．To encourage research in education.
10．How did some drinks companies respond to the sugar tax
A．They turned to overseas markets.
B．They raised the prices of their products.
C．They cut down on their production.
D．They reduced their products' sugar content.
11．From which of the following is the sugar tax collected
A．Most alcoholic drinks. B．Milk-based drinks.
C．Fruit juices. D．Classic Coke.
12．What can be inferred about the adoption of the sugar tax policy
A．It is a short-sighted decision. B．It is a success story.
C．It benefits manufacturers. D．It upsets customers.
【答案】9．C
10．D
11．D
12．B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道，报道了英国政府对软饮料征收的糖税来解决儿童以及青少年的健康问题，同时该收入用于学校体育。
【点评】考查阅读理解，包含细节理解题、推理判断题，是一篇新闻报道，注意先略读文章，掌握文章大意，再分析题干及选项，到文中找到相关内容并进行理解。
9．考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“First announced in April, 2016, the tax which applies to soft drinks containing more than 5g of sugar per 100ml, was introduced to help reduce childhood obesity .”该税于2016年4月首次宣布，适用于每100毫升含糖超过5g的软饮料，旨在帮助减少儿童肥胖。可知，征收糖税的目的是帮助儿童减少肥胖，保护儿童健康。故选C。
10．考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“ It comes after more than half of soft drinks sold in shops have had their sugar levels cut by manufacturers（制造商）so they can avoid paying the tax. ”此前，制造商已经降低了商店中销售的超过一半的软饮料的含糖量，以避免纳税，可知，一些饮料公司通过降低了产品的含糖量来避税。故选D。
11．考查细节理解。根据第五段“However, some high sugar brands, like Classic Coca Cola, have accepted the sugar tax and are refusing to change for fear of upsetting consumers. Fruit juices, milk-based drinks and most alcoholic drinks are free of the tax, as are small companies manufacturing fewer than 1m litres per year.”然而，一些高糖品牌，如经典可口可乐，已经接受了糖税，并拒绝改变，因为担心会惹恼消费者。果汁、以牛奶为原料的饮料和大多数酒精饮料是免税的，每年生产不到100万升的小公司也是免税的。可知，糖税主要来自经典可口可乐这些高糖品牌。故选D。
12．考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“Today's figures, according to one government official, show the positive influence the sugar tax is having by raising millions of pounds for sports facilities and healthier eating in schools.”根据一位政府官员的说法，今天的数据显示了糖税的积极影响，它为学校的体育设施和健康饮食筹集了数百万英镑。可推断，糖税政策的实施是一个成功的政策。故选B。
（2022·全国甲卷）阅读理解
Sometime in the early
1960s, a significant thing happened in Sydney, Australia. The city discovered
its harbor. Then, one after another, Sydney discovered tots of things that were
just sort of there-broad parks, superb beaches, and a culturally diverse
population. But it is the harbor that makes the city.
Andrew Reynolds, a
cheerful fellow in his early 30s, pilots Sydney ferryboats for a living. I
spent the whole morning shuttling back and forth across the harbor. After our
third run Andrew shut down the engine, and we went our separate ways-he for a
lunch break, I to explore the city.
"I'll miss these
old boats," he said as we parted.
"How do you mean "
I asked.
"Oh, they're
replacing them with catamarans. Catamarans are faster, but they're not so
elegant, and they're not fun to pilot. Hut that's progress, I guess."
Everywhere in Sydney
these days, change and progress are the watchwords（口号）, and traditions are increasingly rare. Shirley Fitzgerald, the
city's official historian, told me that in its rush to modernity in the 1970s,
Sydney swept aside much of its past, including many of its finest buildings.
"Sydney is confused about itself," she said. "We can't seem to
make up our minds whether we want a modern city or a traditional one. It's a
conflict that we aren't getting any better at resolving（解决）.”
On the other hand,
being young and old at the same time has its attractions. I considered this
when I met a thoughtful young businessman named Anthony. "Many people say
that we lack culture in this country," he told me. "What people forget
is that the Italians, when they came to Australia, brought 2000 years of their
culture, the Greeks some 3000 years, and the Chinese more still. We've got a
foundation built on ancient cultures but with a drive and dynamism of a young
country. It's a pretty hard combination to beat."
He is right, but I
can't help wishing they would keep those old ferries.
13．What is the first paragraph mainly about
A．Sydney's striking architecture.
B．The cultural diversity of Sydney.
C．The key to Sydney's development.
D．Sydney's tourist attractions in the 1960s.
14．What can we learn about Andrew Reynolds
A．He goes to work by boat. B．He looks forward to a new life.
C．He pilots catamarans well. D．He is attached to the old ferries.
15．What does Shirley Fitzgerald think of Sydney
A．It is losing its traditions. B．It should speed up its progress.
C．It should expand its population. D．It is becoming more international.
16．Which statement will the author probably agree with
A．A city can be young and cad at the same time.
B．A city built on ancient cultures is more dynamic.
C．modernity is usually achieved at the cost of elegance.
D．Compromise should be made between the local and the foreign.
【答案】13．C
14．D
15．A
16．A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，通过作者和悉尼人士的交流介绍了悉尼发展中面临的问题。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和段落大意三个题型的考查，是一篇社会类阅读，首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握大意，然后结合具体的题目，再读短文，从中找出相关信息，就可以确定正确答案。
13．考查段落大意。根据第一段中的“Sometime in the early 1960s, a significant thing happened in Sydney, Australia. The city discovered its harbor. ”20世纪60年代初，澳大利亚悉尼发生了一件大事。这座城市发现了它的港口；以及“But it is the harbor that makes the city. ”但是是港口造就了城市。可知，本段主要介绍了悉尼发展的关键是港口。故选C。
14．考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Andrew Reynolds, a cheerful fellow in his early 30s, pilot Sydney ferryboats for a living. ”30岁出头的Andrew Reynolds是个快乐的小伙子，他在悉尼担任渡轮领航员为生；第三段中的“I'll miss these old boats. ”我会想念这些旧船的；以及第五段“中的Catamarans are faster, but they're not so elegant, and they're not fun to pilot. ”双体船更快，但它们不那么优雅，驾驶起来也不有趣。可知，渡轮领航员Andrew Reynolds喜欢老式渡船。故选D。
15．考查推理判断。根据倒数第三段中的“Shirley Fitzgerald, the city's official historian, told me that in its rush to modernity in the 1970s, Sydney swept aside much of its past, including many of its finest buildings.”悉尼的官方历史学家Shirley Fitzgerald告诉我，在20世纪70年代奔向现代化的过程中，悉尼把很多它的过去都抛在了一边，包括许多最漂亮的建筑。可推知，Shirley Fitzgerald认为悉尼匆忙奔向现代化，正在失去它的传统。故选A。
16．考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的“On the other hand, being young and old at the same time has its attractions. I considered this when I met a thoughtful young businessman named Anthony.”另一方面，同时既年轻又古老也有它的魅力。当我遇到一位深思熟虑的年轻商人Anthony时，我考虑到了这一点；以及最后一段中的“He is right”他说得没错。可推知，作者赞同Anthony的观点，认为一座城市可以同时既年轻又古老。故选A。
一、阅读理解
（2021·全国乙）阅读理解
When almost everyone has a mobile
phone, why are more than half of Australian homes still paying for a landline (座机)
These days you'd be hard pressed to
find anyone in Australia over the age of 15 who doesn't own a mobile phone. In
fact plenty of younger kids have one in their pocket. Practically everyone can
make and receive calls anywhere, anytime.
Still, 55 percent of Australians have a
landline phone at home and only just over a quarter （29%） rely only on their smartphones, according to a survey （调查）.Of those Australians who still have a landline, a third concede that it's not really necessary and
they're keeping it as a security blanket —19 percent say they never use it
while a further 13 percent keep it in case of emergencies. I think my home
falls into that category.
More than half of Australian homes are
still choosing to stick with their home phone. Age is naturally a factor （因素）-only 58 percent of Generation Ys still use landlines now and then,
compared to 84 percent of Baby Boomers who've perhaps had the same home number
for 50 years. Age isn't the only factor; I'd say it's also to do with the
makeup of your household.
Generation Xers with young families,
like my wife and I, can still find it convenient to have a home phone rather
than providing a mobile phone for every family member. That said, to be honest
the only people who ever ring our home phone are our Baby Boomers parents, to
the point where we play a game and guess who is calling before we pick up the
phone （using Caller ID would take the fun out of it）.
How attached are you to your landline
How long until they go the way of gas street lamps and morning milk deliveries
1．What does paragraph 2 mainly tell us about mobile phones
A．Their target users. B．Their wide popularity.
C．Their major functions. D．Their complex design.
2．What does the underlined word "concede" in paragraph 3 mean
A．Admit. B．Argue. C．Remember. D．Remark.
3．What can we say about Baby Boomers
A．They like smartphone games.
B．They enjoy guessing callers' identity.
C．They keep using landline phones.
D．They are attached to their family.
4．What can be inferred about the landline from the last paragraph
A．It remains a family necessity.
B．It will fall out of use some day.
C．It may increase daily expenses.
D．It is as important as the gas light.
【答案】1．B
2．A
3．C
4．B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了澳大利亚人使用电话的情况。
【点评】本题考点涉及词义猜测和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇社会现象类阅读，考生需要根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。
1．考查段落大意。根据第二段“ These days you'd be hard pressed to find anyone in Australia over the age of 15 who doesn't own a mobile mobile phone. In fact plenty of younger kids have one in their pocket. Practically everyone can make and receive calls anywhere, anytime. ”如今，在澳大利亚，你很难找到一个15岁以上没有手机的人。事实上，很多年纪更小的孩子都有一个。几乎每个人都可以在任何时间、任何地点打电话和接听电话。 可知，不论年龄大小，几乎每个人都有手机，他们可以随时随地通话。故本段主要描述了手机广受欢迎，故选B。
2．考查词义猜测。根据第三段中的“ they're keeping it as a security blanket — 19 percent say they never use it while a further 13 percent keep it in case of emergencies ”他们将其作为一种安全保障——19%的人表示他们从未使用过固定电话，另有13%的人保留固定电话以防紧急情况。可知，他们认为电话并不是必须的。故“a third concede that it's not really necessary”指三分之一的人承认固定电话并不是必须的，故选A。
3．考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“only 58 percent of Generation Ys still use landlines now and then, compared to 84 percent of Baby Boomers who've perhaps had the same home number for 50 years. 只有百分之五十八的Ys一代人仍然时不时地使用固定电话，跟婴儿潮时期出生的人，他们84%也许五十年来一直用同一个家庭号码，可知他们一直使用固定电话，故选C。
4．考查推理判断。根据最后一段“ How attached are you to your landline How long until they go the way of gas street lamps and morning milk deliveries ”你有多喜欢你的座机？它们还要多久才能走上煤气路灯和早晨送牛奶的道路？”煤气灯“以及”早晨送牛奶“已经是过去的事物了，因此可以推出“座机”会走上这两者的老路，“成为历史”，即“它总有一天会废弃的”。故选B。
（2021·浙江）阅读选择
At the start of the 20th century, an American engineer named
John Elfreth Watkins made predictions about life today. His predictions about
slowing population growth, mobile phones and increasing height were close to
the mark. But he was wrong in one prediction: that everybody would walk 10
miles a day.
Today, in Australia, most children on average fall 2, 000
steps short of the physical activity they need to avoid being overweight. In
the early 1970s, 40 per cent of children walked to school, while in 2010, it
was as low as 15 per cent.
The decline is not because we have all become lazy. Families
are pressed for time, many with both parents working to pay for their house,
often working hours not of their choosing, living in car-dependent
neighborhoods with limited public transport.
The other side of the coin is equally a deprivation: for
health and well-being, as well as lost opportunities（机会）for children to get to know
their local surroundings. And for parents there are lost opportunities to walk
and talk with their young scholar about their day.
Most parents will have eagerly asked their child about their
day, only to meet with a “good”, quickly followed by "I'm hungry".
This is also my experience as a mother. But somewhere over the daily walk more
about my son's day comes out. I hear him making sense of friendship and its
limits. This is the unexpected and rare parental opportunity to hear more.
Many primary schools support walking school-bus routes（路线）, with days of regular, parent-accompanied walks. Doing just one of
these a few times a week is better than nothing. It can be tough to begin and
takes a little planning-running shoes by the front door, lunches made the night
before, umbrellas on rainy days and hats on hot ones-but it's certainly worth trying.
5．Why does the author mention Watkins' predictions in the first paragraph
A．To make comparisons. B．To introduce the topic.
C．To support her argument. D．To provide examples.
6．What has caused the decrease in Australian children's physical activity
A．Plain laziness. B．Health problems.
C．Lack of time. D．Security concerns.
7．Why does the author find walking with her son worthwhile
A．She can get relaxed after work. B．She can keep physically fit.
C．She can help with her son's study. D．She can know her son better.
【答案】5．B
6．C
7．D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，通过否定沃特金斯的预言，进而提出现在人们时间的紧缺和陪伴的重要性。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇社会现象类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。
5．考查推理判断。根据第二段Today: in Australia: most children on average fall 2: 000 steps short of the physical activity they need to avoid being overweight. In the early 1970s, 40 percent of children walked to school while in 2010, it was as low as15 percent.今天：在澳大利亚：大多数孩子平均比避免超重所需的体力活动少了2000步。在上世纪70年代初，40%的孩子步行上学，而在2010年，这一比例降至15%。说明作者根据沃特金斯的预言做了相关调查，并且写下了这篇文章。通读全文得知作者在第一段提到沃特金斯的预言，是为了介绍文章主题。故选B。
6．考查细节理解。根据第三段中的Families are pressed for time: many with both parents working to pay for their house, often working hours not of their choosing, living in car-dependent neighborhoods with limited public transport.家庭时间紧迫：许多家庭的父母都在为房子买单而工作，工作时间往往不是他们自己选择的，他们住在公共交通有限的依赖汽车的社区。可知，导致澳大利亚儿童体育活动的减少的原因是时间不够。故选C。
7．考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的But somewhere over the daily walk more about my son's day comes out. I hear him making sense of friendship and its limits. This is the unexpected and rare parental opportunity to hear more.但是，在每天散步的某个地方，更多关于我儿子日常的事情出现了。我听到他在理解友谊及其局限性。这是一个意想不到的难得的机会，家长听到更多。说明作者觉得和儿子一起散步能让她更了解她的儿子。故选D。
一、阅读理解
1．（2020·天津）阅读理解
How to Use a Modern Public
Library
Has it been a while 中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
主题三：社会服务与人际沟通
一、语法填空
（2024·新高考Ⅱ卷） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Chinese cultural elements commemorating（纪念）Tang Xianzu, 　1． 　is known as "the Shakespeare of Asia," add an international character to Stratford-upon-Avon, William Shakespeare's hometown.
Tang and Shakespeare were contemporaries and both died in 1616. Although they could never have met, there are common 　2． 　（theme）in their works, said Paul Edmondson, head of research for the Shakespeare Birthplace Trust. "Some of the things that Tang was writing about 　3． 　（be）also Shakespeare's concerns. I happen to know that Tang's play The Peony Pavilion（《牡丹亭》）is similar in some ways 　4． 　Romeo and Juliet."
A statue commemorating Shakespeare and Tang was put up at Shakespeare's Birthplace Garden in 2017. Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, 　5． 　（inspire）by The Peony Pavilion, 　6． 　（build）at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes' walk from Shakespeare's birthplace.
Those cultural elements have increased Stratford's international 　7． 　（visible）, said Edmondson, adding that visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed 　8． 　（find）the connection between the two great writers.
　9． 　（recall）watching a Chinese opera version of Shakespeare's play RichardⅢ in Shanghai and meeting Chinese actors who came to Stratford a few years ago to perform parts of The Peony Pavilion, Edmondson said, "It was very exciting to hear the Chinese language 　10． 　see how Tang's play was being performed."
二、阅读理解
（2024·新高考Ⅱ卷） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
Do you ever get to the train station and realize you forgot to bring something to read Yes, we all have our phones, but many of us still like to go old school and read something printed.
Well, there's a kiosk（小亭）for that. In the San Francisco Bay Area, at least.
"You enter the fare gates（检票口）and you'll see a kiosk that is lit up and it tells you can get a one-minute, a three-minute, or a five-minute story," says Alicia Trost, the chief communications officer for the San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit - known as BART. "You choose which length you want and it gives you a receipt-like short story."
It's that simple. Riders have printed nearly 20,000 short stories and poems since the program was launched last March. Some are classic short stories, and some are new original works.
Trost also wants to introduce local writers to local riders. "We wanted to do something where we do a call to artists in the Bay Area to submit stories for a contest," Trost says. "And as of right now, we've received about 120 submissions. The winning stories would go into our kiosk and then you would be a published artist."
Ridership on transit（交通）systems across the country has been down the past half century, so could short stories save transit
Trost thinks so.
"At the end of the day all transit agencies right now are doing everything they can to improve the rider experience. So I absolutely think we will get more riders just because of short stories," she says.
And you'll never be without something to read.
11．Why did BART start the kiosk program
A．To promote the local culture. B．To discourage phone use.
C．To meet passengers' needs. D．To reduce its running costs.
12．How are the stories categorized in the kiosk
A．By popularity. B．By length.
C．By theme. D．By language.
13． What has Trost been doing recently
A．Organizing a story contest.
B．Doing a survey of customers.
C．Choosing a print publisher.
D．Conducting interviews with artists.
14．What is Trost's opinion about BART's future
A．It will close down. B．Its profits will decline.
C．It will expand nationwide. D．Its ridership will increase.
（2024·浙江） 阅读理解
The Stanford marshmallow (棉花糖) test was originally conducted by psychologist Walter Mischel in the late 1960s. Children aged four to six at a nursery school were placed in a room. A single sugary treat, selected by the child, was placed on a table. Each child was told if they waited for 15 minutes before eating the treat, they would be given a second treat. Then they were left alone in the room. Follow-up studies with the children later in life showed a connect ion between an ability to wait long enough to obtain a second treat and various forms of success.
As adults we face a version of the marshmallow test every day. We' re not tempted (诱惑) by sugary treats, but by our computers, phones, and tablets — all the devices that connect us to the global delivery system for various types of information that do to us what marshmallows do to preschoolers.
We are tempted by sugary treats because our ancestors lived in a calorie-poor world, and our brains developed a response mechanism to these treats that reflected their value — a feeling of reward and satisfaction. But as we've reshaped the world around us, dramatically reducing the cost and effort involved in obtaining calories, we still have the same brains we had thousands of years ago, and this mismatch is at the heart of why so many of us struggle to resist tempting foods that we know we shouldn't eat.
A similar process is at work in our response to information. Our formative environment as a species was information-poor, so our brains developed a mechanism that prized new information. But global connectivity has greatly changed our information environment. We are now ceaselessly bombarded (轰炸) with new information. Therefore, just as we need to be more thoughtful about our caloric consumption, we also need to be more thoughtful about our information consumption, resisting the temptation of the mental "junk food" in order to manage our time most effectively.
15．What did the children need to do to get a second treat in Mischel's test
A．Take an examination alone.
B．Show respect for the researchers.
C．Share their treats with others.
D．Delay eating for fifteen minutes.
16．According to paragraph 3, there is a mismatch between ____.
A．the calorie-poor world and our good appetites
B．the shortage of sugar and our nutritional needs
C．the rich food supply and our unchanged brains
D．the tempting foods and our efforts to keep fit
17．What does the author suggest readers do
A．Absorb new information readily.
B．Be selective information consumers.
C．Use diverse information sources.
D．Protect the information environment.
18．Which of the following is the best title for the text
A．Eat Less, Read More
B．The Bitter Truth about Early Humans
C．The Later, the Better
D．The Marshmallow Test for Grownups
（2024·浙江） 阅读理解
On September 7, 1991, the costliest hailstorm (花暴) in Canadian history hit Calgary's southern suburbs. As a result, since 1996 a group of insurance companies have spent about $2million per year on the Alberta Hail Suppression Project. Airplanes seed threatening storm cells with a chemical to make small ice crystals fall as rain before they can grow into dangerous hailstones. But farmers in east-central Alberta — downwind of the hail project flights — worry that precious moisture (水分) is being stolen from their thirsty land by the cloud seeding.
Norman Stienwand, who farms in that area, has been addressing public meetings on this issue for years "Basically, the provincial government is letting the insurance companies protect the Calgary-Edmonton urban area from hail, " Mr. Stienwan d says, "but they're increasing drought risk as far east as Saskatchewan. "
The Alberta hail project is managed by Terry Krauss, a cloud physicist who works for Weather Modification Inc. of Fargo, North Dakota. "We affect only a very small percentage of the total moisture in the air, so we cannot be cousing drought. " Dr. Krauss says. "In fact, we may be helping increase the moisture downwind by creating wetter ground. "
One doubter about the safety of cloud seeding is Chuck Doswell, a research scientist who just retired from the University of Oklahoma. "In 1999, I personally saw significant tornadoes (龙卷风) form from a seeded storm cell in Kansas, " Dr. Doswell says. "Does cloud seeding create killer storms or reduce moisture downwind No one really knows, of course, but the seeding goes on. "
Given the degree of doubt, Mr. Stienwand suggests, "it would be wise to stop cloud seeding. " In practice, doubt has had the opposite effect. Due to the lack of scientific proof concerning their impacts, no one has succeeded in winning a lawsuit against cloud-seeding companies. Hence, private climate engineering can proceed in relative legal safety.
19．What does the project aim to do
A．Conserve moisture in the soil.
B．Prevent the formation of hailstones.
C．Forecast disastrous hailstorms.
D．Investigate chemical use in farming.
20．Who are opposed to the project
A．Farmers in east-central Alberta.
B．Managers of insurance companies.
C．Provincial government officials.
D．Residents of Calgary and Edmonton
21．Why does Dr. Doswell mention the tornadoes he saw in 1999
A．To compare different kinds of seeding methods.
B．To illustrate the development of big hailstorms.
C．To indicate a possible danger of cloud seeding.
D．To show the link between storms and moisture.
22．What can we infer from the last paragraph
A．Scientific studies have proved Stienwand right.
B．Private climate engineering is illegal in Canada.
C．The doubt about cloud seeding has disappeared.
D．Cloud-seeding companies will continue to exist.
一、语法填空
（2023·全国甲卷） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式.
For thousands of years, people have told fables(寓言) 　1． 　(teach) a lesson or to pass on wisdom. Fables were part of the oral tradition of many early cultures, and the well-known Aesop's fables date to the 　2． 　(six) century , B. C. Yet, the form of the fable still has values today, 　3． 　 Rachel Carson says in "A Fable for Tomorrow."
Carson uses a simple, direct style common to fable. In fact, her style and tone (口吻) are seemingly directed at children. "There was once a town in the heart of America. 　4． 　 all life seemed to enjoy peaceful cistece with is sounding," her fable begins, 　5． 　(borrow) some familiar words from many age-old fables. Behind the simple style, however, is a serious message　6． 　(intend) for everyone.
　7． 　(difference) from traditional fables, Carson's story ends with an accusation instead of amoral. She warns of the environmental dangers facing society, and she teaches that people must take responsibility 　8． 　 saving their environment.
The themes of traditional fables often deal with simple truths about everyday life. However, Cason's heme is a more weighty 　9． 　(warn) about nivonmental destruction. Carson proves that a simple liryra form that has been passed down through the ages can still 　10． 　(employ) today to draw attention to important truths.
（2023·新高考I卷）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Xiao long bao (soup dumplings), those amazing constructions of delicate dumpling wrappers, encasing hot, 　11． 　 (taste) soup and sweet, fresh meat, are far and away my favorite Chinese street food. The dumplings arrive steaming and dangerously hot. To eat one, you have to decide whether　12． 　 (bite) a small hole in it first, releasing the stream and risking a spill (溢出)，　13． 　 to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue. Shanghai may be the 　14． 　 (recognize) home of the soup dumplings but food historians will actually point you to the neighboring canal town of Nanxiang as Xiao long bao's birthplace. There you will find them prepared differently — more dumpling and less soup, and the wrappers are pressed 　15． 　 hand rather than rolled. Nanxiang aside, the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them 　16． 　 (lift) out of the steamer basket without allowing them tearing or spilling any of 　17． 　 (they) contents. The meat should be fresh with 　18． 　 touch of sweetness and the soup hot, clear and delicious.
No matter where I buy them, one steamer is 　19． 　 (rare) enough, yet two seems greedy, so I am always left 　20． 　 (want) more next time.
二、阅读理解
（2023·全国乙卷）阅读理解
What comes into your mind when you think of British food Probably fish and chips, or a Sunday dinner of meat and two vegetables. But is British food really so uninteresting Even though Britain has a reputation for less-than-impressive cuisine, it is producing more top class chefs who appear frequently on our television screens and whose recipe books frequently top the best seller lists.
It's thanks to these TV chefs rather than any advertising campaign that Britons are turning away from meat-and-two-veg and ready-made meals and becoming more adventurous in their cooking habits. It is recently reported that the number of those sticking to a traditional diet is slowly declining and around half of Britain's consumers would like to change or improve their cooking in some way. There has been a rise in the number of students applying for food courses at UK universities and colleges. It seems that TV programmes have helped change what people think about cooking.
According to a new study from market analysts, 1 in 5 Britons say that watching cookery programmes on TV has encouraged them to try different food. Almost one third say they now use a wider variety of ingredients (配料) than they used to, and just under 1 in 4 say they now buy better quality ingredients than before. One in four adults say that TV chefs have made them much more confident about expanding their cookery knowledge and skills, and young people are also getting more interested in cooking. The UK's obsession (痴迷) with food is reflected through television scheduling. Cookery shows and documentaries about food are broadcast more often than before. With an increasing number of male chefs on TV, it's no longer "uncool" for boys to like cooking.
21．What do people usually think of British food
A．It is simple and plain. B．It is rich in nutrition.
C．It lacks authentic tastes. D．It deserves a high reputation.
22．Which best describes cookery programmes on British TV
A．Authoritative. B．Creative. C．Profitable. D．Influential.
23．Which is the percentage of the people using more diverse ingredients now
A．20%. B．24%. C．25%. D．33%.
24．What might the author continue talking about
A．The art of cooking in other countries.
B．Male chefs on TV programmes.
C．Table manners in the UK.
D．Studies of big eaters.
（2023·浙江）
阅读理解
A machine can now not only beat you at chess, it can also outperform you in debate. Last week, in a public debate in San Francisco, a software program called Project Debater beat its human opponents, including Noa Ovadia, Israel's former national debating champion.
Brilliant though it is, Project Debater has some weaknesses. It takes sentences from its library of documents and prebuilt arguments and strings them together. This can lead to the kinds of errors no human would make. Such wrinkles will no doubt be ironed out, yet they also point to a fundamental problem. As Kristian Hammond, professor of electrical engineering and computer science at Northwestern University, put it: "There's never a stage at which the system knows what it's talking about."
What Hammond is referring to is the question of meaning, and meaning is central to what distinguishes the least intelligent of humans from the most intelligent of machines. A computer works with symbols. Its program specifies a set of rules to transform one string of symbols into another. But it does not specify what those symbols mean. Indeed, to a computer, meaning is irrelevant. Humans, in thinking, talking, reading and writing, also work with symbols. But for humans, meaning is everything. When we communicate, we communicate meaning. What matters is not just the outside of a string of symbols, but the inside too, not just how they are arranged but what they mean.
Meaning emerges through a process of social interaction, not of computation, interaction that shapes the content of the symbols in our heads. The rules that assign meaning lie not just inside our heads, but also outside, in society, in social memory, social conventions and social relations. It is this that distinguishes humans from machines. And that's why, however astonishing Project Debater may seem, the tradition that began with Socrates and Confucius will not end with artificial intelligence.
25．Why does the author mention Noa Ovadia in the first paragraph
A．To explain the use of a software program.
B．To show the cleverness of Project Debater.
C．To introduce the designer of Project Debater.
D．To emphasize the fairness of the competition.
26．What does the underlined word "wrinkles" in paragraph 2 refer to
A．Arguments. B．Doubts. C．Errors. D．Differences.
27．What is Project Debater unable to do according to Hammond
A．Create rules. B．Comprehend meaning.
C．Talk fluently. D．Identify difficult words.
28．What can we learn from the last paragraph
A．Social interaction is key to understanding symbols.
B．The human brain has potential yet to be developed.
C．Ancient philosophers set good examples for debaters.
D．Artificial intelligence ensures humans a bright future.
一、阅读理解
（2022·新高考Ⅰ卷）阅读理解
Human speech contains more than 2, 000 different sounds, from the common "m" and "a" to the rare clicks of some southern African languages. But why are certain sounds more common than others A ground-breaking, five-year study shows that diet-related changes in human bite led to new speech sounds that are now found in half the world's languages.
More than 30 years ago, the scholar Charles Hockett noted that speech sounds called labiodentals, such as "f" and "v", were more common in the languages of societies that ate softer foods. Now a team of researchers led by Damián Blasi at the University of Zurich, Switzerland, has found how and why this trend arose.
They discovered that the upper and lower front teeth of ancient human adults were aligned (对齐), making it hard to produce labiodentals, which are formed by touching the lower lip to the upper teeth. Later, our jaws changed to an overbite structure(结构), making it easier to produce such sounds.
The team showed that this change in bite was connected with the development of agriculture in the Neolithic period. Food became easier to chew at this point. The jawbone didn't have to do as much work and so didn't grow to be so large.
Analyses of a language database also confirmed that there was a global change in the sound of world languages after the Neolithic age, with the use of "f" and "v" increasing remarkably during the last few thousand years. These sounds are still not found in the languages of many hunter-gatherer people today.
This research overturns the popular view that all human speech sounds were present when human beings evolved around 300, 000 years ago. "The set of speech sounds we use has not necessarily remained stable since the appearance of human beings, but rather the huge variety of speech sounds that we find today is the product of a complex interplay of things like biological change and cultural evolution," said Steven Moran, a member of the research team.
1．Which aspect of the human speech sound does Damián Blasi's research focus on
A．Its variety. B．Its distribution.
C．Is quantity. D．Its development.
2．Why was it difficult for ancient human adults to produce labiodentals
A．They had fewer upper teeth than lower teeth.
B．They could not open and close their lips easily.
C．Their jaws were not conveniently structured.
D．Their lower front teeth were not large enough.
3．What is paragraph 5 mainly about
A．Supporting evidence for the research results.
B．Potential application of the research findings.
C．A further explanation of the research methods.
D．A reasonable doubt about the research process.
4．What does Steven Moran say about the set of human speech sounds
A．It is key to effective communication.
B．It contributes much too cultural diversity.
C．It is a complex and dynamic system.
D．It drives the evolution of human beings.
（2022·新高考Ⅰ卷）阅读理解
Like most of us, I try
to be mindful of food that goes to waste. The arugula (芝麻菜) was to make a nice green salad, rounding out a roast chicken
dinner. But I ended up working late. Then friends called with a dinner
invitation. I stuck the chicken in the freezer. But as days passed, the arugula
went bad. Even worse, I had unthinkingly bought way too much; I could have made
six salads with what I threw out.
In a world where
nearly 800 million people a year go hungry, "food waste goes against the
moral grain," as Elizabeth Royte writes in this month's cover story. It's
jaw-dropping how much perfectly good food is thrown away —
from "ugly" (but quite cat able) vegetables rejected
by grocers to large amounts of uneaten dishes thrown into restaurant garbage
cans.
Producing food that no
one eats wastes the water, fuel, and other resources used to grow it. That makes
food waste an environmental problem. In fact, Royte writes," if food waste
were a country, it would be the third largest producer of greenhouse gases in
the world. "
If that's hard to
understand, let's keep it as simple as the arugula at the back of my
refrigerator. Mike Curtin sees my arugula story all the time —
but for him, it's more like 12 boxes of donated strawberries
nearing their last days. Curtin is CEO of DC Central Kitchen in Washington. D.C.,
which recovers food and turns it into healthy meals. Last year it recovered
more than 807, 500 pounds of food by taking donations and collecting blemished
(有瑕疵的) produce that otherwise would have rotted
infields. And the strawberries Volunteers will wash, cut, and freeze or dry
them for use in meals down the road.
Such methods seem obvious,
yet so often we just don't think. "Everyone can play a part in reducing
waste, whether by not purchasing more food than necessary in your weekly
shopping or by asking restaurants to not include the side dish you won't eat."
Curtin says.
5．What does the author want to show by telling the arugula story
A．We pay little attention to food waste.
B．We waste food unintentionally at times.
C．we waste more vegetables than meat.
D．We have good reasons for wasting food.
6．What is a consequence of food waste according to the text
A．Moral decline. B．Environmental harm.
C．Energy shortage. D．Worldwide starvation.
7．What does Curtin's company do
A．It produces kitchen equipment.
B．It turns rotten arugula into clean fuel.
C．It helps local farmers grow fruits.
D．It makes meals out of unwanted food.
8．What does Curtin suggest people do
A．Buy only what is needed. B．Reduce food consumption.
C．Go shopping once a week. D．Eat in restaurants less often.
（2022·全国乙卷）阅读理解
The
Government's sugar tax on soft drinks has brought in half as much money as Ministers
first predicted it would generate, the first official data on the policy has
shown.
First
announced in April, 2016, the tax which applies to soft drinks containing more
than 5g of sugar per 100ml, was introduced to help reduce childhood obesity（肥胖）. It is believed that today's children and teenagers are consuming
three times the recommended level of sugar, putting them at a higher risk of
the disease.
Initially
the sugar tax was expected to make 520m a year for the Treasury. However, data
of the first six months showed it would make less than half this amount. At
present it is expected to generate 240m for the year ending in April 2019,
which will go to school sports.
It
comes after more than half of soft drinks sold in shops have had their sugar
levels cut by manufacturers（制造商）so they
can avoid paying the tax. Drinks now contain 45 million fewer kilos of sugar as
a result of manufacturers' efforts to avoid the charge, according to Treasury figures.
Since April drinks companies have been forced to pay between 18p and 24p for
every litre of sugary drink they produce or import, depending on the sugar
content.
However,
some high sugar brands, like Classic Coca Cola, have accepted the sugar tax and
are refusing to change for fear of upsetting consumers. Fruit juices,
milk-based drinks and most alcoholic drinks are free of the tax, as are small
companies manufacturing fewer than 1m litres per year.
Today's
figures, according to one government official, show the positive influence the sugar
tax is having by raising millions of pounds for sports facilities（设施）and healthier eating in schools. Helping the next generation to have
a healthy and active childhood is of great importance, and the industry is
playing its part.
9．Why was the sugar tax introduced
A．To collect money for schools. B．To improve the quality of drinks.
C．To protect children's health. D．To encourage research in education.
10．How did some drinks companies respond to the sugar tax
A．They turned to overseas markets.
B．They raised the prices of their products.
C．They cut down on their production.
D．They reduced their products' sugar content.
11．From which of the following is the sugar tax collected
A．Most alcoholic drinks. B．Milk-based drinks.
C．Fruit juices. D．Classic Coke.
12．What can be inferred about the adoption of the sugar tax policy
A．It is a short-sighted decision. B．It is a success story.
C．It benefits manufacturers. D．It upsets customers.
（2022·全国甲卷）阅读理解
Sometime in the early
1960s, a significant thing happened in Sydney, Australia. The city discovered
its harbor. Then, one after another, Sydney discovered tots of things that were
just sort of there-broad parks, superb beaches, and a culturally diverse
population. But it is the harbor that makes the city.
Andrew Reynolds, a
cheerful fellow in his early 30s, pilots Sydney ferryboats for a living. I
spent the whole morning shuttling back and forth across the harbor. After our
third run Andrew shut down the engine, and we went our separate ways-he for a
lunch break, I to explore the city.
"I'll miss these
old boats," he said as we parted.
"How do you mean "
I asked.
"Oh, they're
replacing them with catamarans. Catamarans are faster, but they're not so
elegant, and they're not fun to pilot. Hut that's progress, I guess."
Everywhere in Sydney
these days, change and progress are the watchwords（口号）, and traditions are increasingly rare. Shirley Fitzgerald, the
city's official historian, told me that in its rush to modernity in the 1970s,
Sydney swept aside much of its past, including many of its finest buildings.
"Sydney is confused about itself," she said. "We can't seem to
make up our minds whether we want a modern city or a traditional one. It's a
conflict that we aren't getting any better at resolving（解决）.”
On the other hand,
being young and old at the same time has its attractions. I considered this
when I met a thoughtful young businessman named Anthony. "Many people say
that we lack culture in this country," he told me. "What people forget
is that the Italians, when they came to Australia, brought 2000 years of their
culture, the Greeks some 3000 years, and the Chinese more still. We've got a
foundation built on ancient cultures but with a drive and dynamism of a young
country. It's a pretty hard combination to beat."
He is right, but I
can't help wishing they would keep those old ferries.
13．What is the first paragraph mainly about
A．Sydney's striking architecture.
B．The cultural diversity of Sydney.
C．The key to Sydney's development.
D．Sydney's tourist attractions in the 1960s.
14．What can we learn about Andrew Reynolds
A．He goes to work by boat. B．He looks forward to a new life.
C．He pilots catamarans well. D．He is attached to the old ferries.
15．What does Shirley Fitzgerald think of Sydney
A．It is losing its traditions. B．It should speed up its progress.
C．It should expand its population. D．It is becoming more international.
16．Which statement will the author probably agree with
A．A city can be young and cad at the same time.
B．A city built on ancient cultures is more dynamic.
C．modernity is usually achieved at the cost of elegance.
D．Compromise should be made between the local and the foreign.
一、阅读理解
（2021·全国乙）阅读理解
When almost everyone has a mobile
phone, why are more than half of Australian homes still paying for a landline (座机)
These days you'd be hard pressed to
find anyone in Australia over the age of 15 who doesn't own a mobile phone. In
fact plenty of younger kids have one in their pocket. Practically everyone can
make and receive calls anywhere, anytime.
Still, 55 percent of Australians have a
landline phone at home and only just over a quarter （29%） rely only on their smartphones, according to a survey （调查）.Of those Australians who still have a landline, a third concede that it's not really necessary and
they're keeping it as a security blanket —19 percent say they never use it
while a further 13 percent keep it in case of emergencies. I think my home
falls into that category.
More than half of Australian homes are
still choosing to stick with their home phone. Age is naturally a factor （因素）-only 58 percent of Generation Ys still use landlines now and then,
compared to 84 percent of Baby Boomers who've perhaps had the same home number
for 50 years. Age isn't the only factor; I'd say it's also to do with the
makeup of your household.
Generation Xers with young families,
like my wife and I, can still find it convenient to have a home phone rather
than providing a mobile phone for every family member. That said, to be honest
the only people who ever ring our home phone are our Baby Boomers parents, to
the point where we play a game and guess who is calling before we pick up the
phone （using Caller ID would take the fun out of it）.
How attached are you to your landline
How long until they go the way of gas street lamps and morning milk deliveries
1．What does paragraph 2 mainly tell us about mobile phones
A．Their target users. B．Their wide popularity.
C．Their major functions. D．Their complex design.
2．What does the underlined word "concede" in paragraph 3 mean
A．Admit. B．Argue. C．Remember. D．Remark.
3．What can we say about Baby Boomers
A．They like smartphone games.
B．They enjoy guessing callers' identity.
C．They keep using landline phones.
D．They are attached to their family.
4．What can be inferred about the landline from the last paragraph
A．It remains a family necessity.
B．It will fall out of use some day.
C．It may increase daily expenses.
D．It is as important as the gas light.
（2021·浙江）阅读选择
At the start of the 20th century, an American engineer named
John Elfreth Watkins made predictions about life today. His predictions about
slowing population growth, mobile phones and increasing height were close to
the mark. But he was wrong in one prediction: that everybody would walk 10
miles a day.
Today, in Australia, most children on average fall 2, 000
steps short of the physical activity they need to avoid being overweight. In
the early 1970s, 40 per cent of children walked to school, while in 2010, it
was as low as 15 per cent.
The decline is not because we have all become lazy. Families
are pressed for time, many with both parents working to pay for their house,
often working hours not of their choosing, living in car-dependent
neighborhoods with limited public transport.
The other side of the coin is equally a deprivation: for
health and well-being, as well as lost opportunities（机会）for children to get to know
their local surroundings. And for parents there are lost opportunities to walk
and talk with their young scholar about their day.
Most parents will have eagerly asked their child about their
day, only to meet with a “good”, quickly followed by "I'm hungry".
This is also my experience as a mother. But somewhere over the daily walk more
about my son's day comes out. I hear him making sense of friendship and its
limits. This is the unexpected and rare parental opportunity to hear more.
Many primary schools support walking school-bus routes（路线）, with days of regular, parent-accompanied walks. Doing just one of
these a few times a week is better than nothing. It can be tough to begin and
takes a little planning-running shoes by the front door, lunches made the night
before, umbrellas on rainy days and hats on hot ones-but it's certainly worth trying.
5．Why does the author mention Watkins' predictions in the first paragraph
A．To make comparisons. B．To introduce the topic.
C．To support her argument. D．To provide examples.
6．What has caused the decrease in Australian children's physical activity
A．Plain laziness. B．Health problems.
C．Lack of time. D．Security concerns.
7．Why does the author find walking with her son worthwhile
A．She can get relaxed after work. B．She can keep physically fit.
C．She can help with her son's study. D．She can know her son better.
一、阅读理解
1．（2020·天津）阅读理解
How to Use a Modern Public
Library
Has it been a while since
your last visit to a public library If so, you may be surprised to learn that
libraries have changed for the better. It's been years since they were dusty
little rooms with books. They have transformed themselves into places where you
can develop your love of knowledge meet interesting people, or find out how to
start a business.
Check out a book. While libraries still
loan out(出借)books, you'll find it
easier to get a copy of whatever you're looking for, thanks to a cooperative
network of area libraries. Via such networks, libraries share their books with
each other through the use of delivery vehicles. Once the book you've requested
is delivered to the nearest branch, they will inform you by e-mail, so you can
pick it up.
Check out other items. The library is now a
multimedia zone, loaded with information in many formats(载体形式). You can borrow movies on DVDs, music on CDs, and popular
magazines. Some libraries even loan out toys and games. If a popular magazine
you want isn't offered and the library keeps a list of such requests, they may
bring it in when enough interest is shown.
Join targeted reading groups. Libraries will often hold
reading-group sessions targeted to various age groups. Perhaps you'd like to
learn a language or improve your English. The library may sponsor a language
group you could join. If you have difficulties reading, ask about special
reading opportunities. Your library might be able to accommodate you. And you
might find it relaxing to bring your small kid to a half-hour Story Time while
you sit quietly in a corner with a good book.
Start a business using the help of your local
library. If you want to have a business of your own, your local library can
become a launch space for it. In library books and computers, you can find
information on starting a business. Many libraries will help you with locally
supplied information about business management shared through chambers of
commerce(商会)and government agencies,
and they will offer printing, faxing and database services you need.
（1）Public libraries connected by a cooperative network benefit readers by______.
A．sharing their books on the Internet
B．giving access to online reading at a library branch
C．sending a needed book to a library branch nearby
D．making the checkout procedures diverse
（2）According to Paragraph 3, what items may be checked out from a public library
A．A magazine and an e-book. B．A game and an oil painting.
C．A music CD and a kid's toy. D．A DVD and a video player
（3）As is described in Paragraph 4, taking a small kid to a half-hour Story Time allows ______.
A．the kid to learn a new language
B．the parent to enjoy quiet reading
C．the kid to overcome reading difficulties
D．the parent to meet their program sponsor
（4）Your local library can help you start a business by ______.
A．providing relevant information and supporting services
B．offering professional advice on business management
C．supplying useful information of your potential buyers
D．arranging meetings with government officials
（5）What is the purpose of the passage
A．To point out the importance of public libraries.
B．To encourage people to work in public libraries.
C．To introduce the improved services of public libraries.
D．To call for the modernization of public library systems.
2．（2020·江苏）阅读理解
Sometimes it's hard to let go. For many British
people, that can apply to institutions and objects that represent their country's
past-age-old castles, splendid homes… and red phone boxes.
Beaten first by the march of technology and
lately by the terrible weather in junkyards (废品场), the phone boxes
representative of an age are now making something of a comeback. Adapted in
imaginative ways, many have reappeared on city streets and village greens
housing tiny cafes, cellphone repair shops or even defibrillator machines (除颤器).
The original iron boxes with the round roofs
first appeared in 1926. They were designed by Giles Gilbert Scott, the
architect of the Battersea Power Station in London. After becoming an important
part of many British streets, the phone boxes began disappearing in the 1980s,
with the rise of the mobile phone sending most of them away to the junkyards.
About that time, Tony Inglis' engineering and
transport company got the job to remove phone boxes from the streets and sell
them out. But Inglis ended up buying hundreds of them himself, with the idea of
repairing and selling them. He said that he had heard the calls to preserve the
boxes and had seen how some of them were listed as historic buildings.
As Inglis and, later other
businessmen, got to work, repurposed phone boxes began reappearing in cities
and villages as people found new uses for them. Today, they are once again a
familiar sight, playing roles that are often just as important for the community
as their original purpose.
In rural areas, where ambulances can take a
relatively long time to arrive, the phone boxes have taken on a lifesaving
role. Local organizations can adopt them for l pound, and install
defibrillators to help in emergencies.
Others also looked at the phone boxes and saw
business opportunities. LoveFone, a company that advocates repairing cellphones
rather than abandoning them, opened a mini workshop in a London phone box in
2016.
The tiny shops made economic sense, according to
Robert Kerr, a founder of LoveFone. He said that one of the boxes generated
around $13,500 in revenue a month and cost only about $400 to rent.
Inglis said phone boxes called to mind an age
when things were built to last. I "like what they are to people, and I
enjoy bringing things back," he said.
（1）The phone boxes are making a comeback ______.
A．to form a beautiful sight of the city
B．to improve telecommunications services
C．to remind people of a historical period
D．to meet the requirement of green economy
（2）Why did the phone boxes begin to go out of service in the 1980s
A．They were not well-designed. B．They provided bad services.
C．They had too short a history. D．They lost to new technologies.
（3）The phone boxes are becoming popular mainly because of ______.
A．their new appearance and lower prices
B．the push of the local organizations
C．their changed roles and functions
D．the big funding of the businessmen
3．（2020·新课标Ⅲ）阅读理解
With
the young unable to afford to leave home and the old at risk of isolation(孤独), more families are choosing to live together.
The
doorway to peace and quiet, for Nick Bright at least, leads straight to his
mother-in-law, she lives on the ground floor, while he lives upstairs with his
wife and their two daughters.
Four
years ago they all moved into a three-storey Victorian house in Bristol — one of a growing number of multigenerational families in the UK living
together under the same roof. They share a front door and a washing machine, but
Rita Whitehead has her own kitchen, bathroom, bedroom and living room on the
ground floor.
"We
floated the idea to my mum of sharing at a house," says Kathryn Whitehead.
Rita cuts in: "We spoke more with Nick because I think it's a big thing
for Nick to live with his mother-in-law."
And
what does Nick think "From my standpoint, it all seems to work very well.
Would I recommend it Yes, I think I would."
It's
hard to tell exactly how many people agree with him, but research indicates
that the numbers have been rising for some time. Official reports suggest that
the number of households with three generations living together had risen from
325,000 in 2002 to 419,000 in 2013.
Other
varieties of multigenerational family are more common. Some people live with
their elderly parents; many more adult children are returning to the family
home, if they ever left. It is said that about 20% of 25-34-year-olds live with
their parents, compared with 16% in 1991.The total number of all
multigenerational households in Britain is thought to be about 1.8 million.
Stories
like that are more common in parts of the world where multigenerational living
is more firmly rooted. In India, particularly outside cities, young women are
expected to move in with their husband's family when they get married.
（1）Who mainly uses the ground floor in the Victorian house in Bristol
A．Nick. B．Rita. C．Kathryn D．The daughters.
（2）What is Nick's attitude towards sharing the house with his mother-in -law
A．Positive. B．Carefree. C．Tolerant. D．Unwilling.
（3）What is the author's statement about multigenerational family based on
A．Family traditions. B．Financial reports.
C．Published statistics. D．Public opinions.
（4）What is the text mainly about
A．Lifestyles in different countries.
B．Conflicts between generations.
C．A housing problem in Britain.
D．A rising trend of living in the UK.
4．（2020·新课标Ⅲ）阅读理解
When
"Rise of the Planet of the Apes" was first shown to the public last
month, a group of excited animal activists gathered on Hollywood Boulevard. But
they weren't there to throw red paint on fur-coat-wearing film stars. Instead,
one activist, dressed in a full-body monkey suit, had arrived with a sign praising
the filmmakers: "Thanks for not using real apes (猿)!"
The
creative team behind "Apes" used motion-capture (动作捕捉) technology to create digitalized animals, spending tens of millions
of dollars on technology that I records an actor's performance and later processes
it with computer graphics to create a final image (图像).
In this case, one of a realistic-looking ape.
Yet
"Apes" is more exception than the rule. In fact, Hollywood has been hot
on live animals lately. One nonprofit organization, which monitors the treatment
or animals in filmed entertainment, is keeping tabs on more than 2,000 productions
this year. Already, a number of films, including "Water for
Elephants," "The Hangover Part Ⅱ" and "Zookeeper,"
have drawn the anger of activists who say the creatures acting in them haven't
been treated properly.
In
some cases, it's not so much the treatment of the animals on set in the studio
that has activists worried; it's the off-set training and living conditions that
are raising concerns. And there are questions about the films made outside the States,
which sometimes are not monitored as closely as productions filmed in the
Sates.
（1）Why did the animal activists gather on Hollywood Boulevard
A．To see famous film stars.
B．To oppose wearing fur coats.
C．To raise money for animal protection.
D．To express thanks to some filmmakers.
（2）What does paragraph 2 mainly talk about
A．The cost of making "Apes." B．The creation of digitalized apes.
C．The publicity about "Apes." D．The performance of real apes.
（3）What does the underlined phrase "keeping tabs on" in paragraph 3 probably mean
A．Listing completely. B．Directing professionally.
C．Promoting successfully. D．Watching carefully.
（4）What can we infer from the last paragraph about animal actors
A．They may be badly treated. B．They should take further training.
C．They could be traded illegally D．They would lose popularity.
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