资源简介

传统文化——必备词汇
1. Lantern Festival 元宵节
2. Embroidery 刺绣
3. Double-Ninth Festival 重阳节
4. Tomb Sweeping Day 清明节
5. paper cutting 剪纸
6. Siheyuan/Quadrangle 四合院
7. Warring States 战国
8. Kunqu Opera 昆曲
9. Flower Drum Song 花鼓戏
10. Confucian culture 儒家文化
11. Tang Poetry 唐诗
12. Tang Dynasty 唐朝
13. Mid-Autumn Festival 中秋节
14. Beijing Opera/Peking Opera 京 剧
15. Beijing Roast Duck 北京烤鸭
16. New Year's Eve 除夕
17. lunar calendar 农历
18. the Palace Museum 故宫博物院
19. traditional Chinese festivals 中国传统节日
20. protecting traditional Chinese culture 保护中国传统文化
传统文化——必备句子
1. There are lots of places of interest in Beijing.
2. There are many places of interest where you can experience the traditional Chinese culture in Beijing.
3. I'm glad to hear that you are interested in traditional Chinese festivals.
4. As one of the traditional Chinese festivals, it has been enjoying great popularity in our country
5. My favorite Chinese festival is the Spring Festival which comes on the first day of the Chinese Lunar Year.
6. In a word, it is high time for us to treasure and develop our own valuable culture.
7. In China, these knots stand for friendship, love and good luck.
8. In my opinion, some measures should be taken to protect traditional culture effectively.
一篇好的书面表达，不仅要有亮眼的词汇，语法正确的句子，还要条理清晰地阐述自己的观点，并做到有理有据。下面我们就结合考题来看一看有关传统文化写作的题目和范文。
传统文化——写作题目与范文
（一）
某中学生英文报就“保护中国传统文化”为主题举行英语征文活动。你准备给该报投稿，稿件内容包括：
1. 保护中国传统文化的重要性
2. 列举1-2个你所知道的国家或当地政府文化保护的事例;
3. 谈谈你对文化保护的建议。
注意：
1. 字数：120词。
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
范文：
Protecting Traditional Chinese Culture
Protecting traditional Chinese culture is of great importance to China's cultural diversity, economic prosperity, and social development. The government in Guangdong province has made it their mission to protect Chaoju (潮剧), a local form of dramatic theatre that began in Chaozhou in eastern Guangdong.
In my opinion, specific measures should be taken to protect traditional Chinese culture. To start with, we should make appropriate laws for everyone to follow. Also, we should educate people about the need to protect traditional culture. The more the public knows about it, the more support we can get.
It's time that we start treasuring our own valuable culture.
（二）
假定你是李华，想邀请外教Henry一起参观中国剪纸 (paper-cutting) 艺术展。请给他写封邮件，内容包括：
1. 展览时间、地点；
2. 展览内容。
注意：
1. 词数100左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
范文：
Dear Mr. Henry,
I'm Li Hua, a Chinese student of yours. I'm writing to invite you to join me in visiting a paper-cutting exhibition, where you can have a close look at traditional Chinese culture as you always wish.
The exhibition will be held from 9:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. next Friday in Renmin Park, which is just two blocks away from our school. We can get there by taking Bus Line 101 or Subway Line 2.
As is advertised, there will be all sorts of paper-cutting unique to China on exhibition, and whoever present will be given a work of a paper-cutting as a gift. For someone so fond ofChinese culture like you, it is absolutely a great opportunity you can't miss.
Looking forward to your early reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
（三）
假定你是李华，正在教你的英国朋友Leslie学习汉语。请你写封邮件告知下次上课的计划。内容包括：
1. 时间和地点；
2. 内容：学习唐诗；
3. 课前准备：简要了解唐朝的历史。
注意：
1. 词数100左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
范文：
Dear Leslie,
How are you I'm writing to tell you about your next Chinese lesson.
We'll still meet at my school, but not on Saturday as usual, since I'll have to participate in a sporting activity that day. So let's make it three o'clock on Sunday afternoon.
As you know, in order to acquire a good knowledge of Chinese, you should learn more about Chinese culture and history. Therefore, this time I will introduce Tang Poetry to you, which is of great help in learning Chinese. I advise you to learn about the brief history of the Tang dynasty in advance. It will surely help you learn the poems.
Looking forward to hearing from you soon.
Yours,
Li Hua一、对话标签（dialogue tag）的三个位置
她说，“我想和你一起去，但我还没有完成家庭作业。”这句话用英语，从句式结构的角度来看，怎么表达呢？特别是对话标签she said的位置变化。
1. 对话标签在前
She said,“I would like to go with you, but I haven’t finished my homework.”
2. 对话标签在后
“I would like to go with you, but I haven’t finished my homework.”She said.
这两句是最常见的形式，大家写出来，应该问题不大。我们来看第三种形式。
3. 对话标签在句子中间
“I would like to go with you,”she said, “but I haven’t finished my homework.”
注意：对话标签在后或者在句子中间时（第2,3种情况），如果主语是名词，则可以倒装。而代词不可以倒装，said she是错误的。
“I would like to go with you, but I haven’t finished my homework.”said Emily（或者Emily said.）
“I would like to go with you,”said Emily/ Emily said, “but I haven’t finished my homework.”
二、读后续写中写“对话”的常见问题
1. 废话连篇，对情节发展和刻画人物性格没有帮助。
“Hey, how are you ” “I’m fine, how are you ”
“How is the weather ” “Terrific! Nice day for a walk, isn’t it ”
这样的对话在现实生活中很真实，但是故事小说毕竟是艺术加工，无助推动情节发展的，不能刻画人物性格的日常寒暄和偏离文章主线的对话绝对不用。
2.追求花哨，在对话标签后面加上不必要的动作描写或情感描写。
“That is fantastic news,” he said happily.
此句中完全没有必要加上一个happily来表达说的方式，因为句中的fantastic一词足以说明说话人了表情，过度强调会让读者的注意力集中在“说话的方式”而不是“说话的内容”。
建议改为：“That is fantastic news！” he said/screamed/exclaimed. 一个感叹号和一个fantastic已经足以让读者想象当时的情景。适当的“艺术留白”也是需要的，这样会留给读者想象的空间。
有时，为了避免过度使用dialogue tags，写对话时运用“动作描写”，尤其是表情上动作来取而代之。
如：Her eyes reflected the candlelight as she smiled at her son. “Everyone is unique. Just follow your heart and be yourself!”当她对儿子微笑时，她的眼睛反射着烛光。“每个人都是独一无二的。只要跟随你的心，做你自己！”（这句话就没有用dialogue tag，而是通过表情取而代之）
3、错误使用对话标签
"I can't believe it," Emma gasped. (gasp意思为“喘气”)
"That's funny," Henry chuckled. (chuckled.意思为“轻笑”)
这里把动作描写和对话标签混淆了，试想谁能“喘息或轻笑”出一句话？除非他或她有特异功能。
可以改为：
"I can't believe it," Emma said with a gasp.
（对话标签Emma said+ with介词短语）
Emma gasped. "I can't believe it."
（动作描写+句号）
"I can't believe it." Emma gasped.
（对话句+动作描写，注意对话句式句号）
"That's funny!" Henry chuckled.
（感叹句结束+动作描写）
"That's funny," Henry said, chuckling.
（dialogue tag+ 分词做伴随状况）
4、重复使用“said”或相同意义的副词，让阅卷人觉得词汇匮乏。 只会tell 不会show。
“How can you do this？”she said angrily，looking at me furiously.
此句也是貌似“高大上”，使用了两个意义相近的副词，并且套用了分词做伴随的句型。过度堆砌辞藻会让人生厌，过度使用副词也会让阅卷老师觉得你乏味。
积累相关的said 的词汇来避免过度使用said，比如：
愤怒时说可以用:shouted, yelled, barked, warned etc.；羡慕地说admired；安慰地说comforted；激动地说可以用: shouted, yelled, exclaimed etc.；坚定地说 declared；坚持说insisted；命令说 commanded；警告说warned etc. 高兴地说可以用:smiled, screamed, cheered, laughed et.；悲伤地说可以用: cried, mumbled, sobbed, sighed etc.；嘲笑说sneered；责备说scolded；要求说demanded；威胁说 threatened；开玩笑地说: teased, joked；笑着说可以用:laughed, giggled, roared etc.；继续说: continued；强调说emphasized；回忆说remembered, recalled；最后说/总结说concluded。
三、写“对话”的四个小技巧
在对话标签中加入语气，嗓音，情感让你的描写更生动传神。
①第一种：加语气。基本结构为：in a/an+形容词firm坚定的/rude粗鲁的/sad悲伤的+tone。也可以用 in a tone of +名词的搭配。如：in a tone of surprise用一种惊讶的语气、in a tone of curiosity用一种好奇的语气、in a tone of impatience用一种不耐烦的语气、in a tone of command用一种命令的语气
“I would love to,” said Emily in a pleasant tone. “我很乐意这样做，”艾米丽用一种愉快的语气说。
② 第二种：加嗓音。基本结构是：in a/an+形容词+voice，如：in a high /low / sweet/loud/soft /weak voice 用一个高/低/甜/响亮/软/弱的声音
“I didn’t mean to,” she murmured in a low voice. “我不是故意的，”她低声说。
③第三种：加情感。基本结构是：with +情感名词。如with excitement （伴随着）激动。
“I...I.. don’t think I’m right for the part,”I replied with embarrassment.“我...我..认为我不适合这个角色，”我尴尬地回答。
④加副词
“I will never do that again,” I answered firmly. “我再也不会那样做了，”我坚定地回答。
这句话也可以这么写：可将副词提到句首。Firmly，I answered，“I will never do that again.1类属法
即通过类属来推测词义。如：
■ Bananas,oranges, pineapples, coconuts and some other kinds of fruit grow in warm areas.
说明：从句意我们知道pineapples和coconuts 与bananas, oranges是同类事物，同属水果(准确地说是“菠萝”和“椰子”)。
2推理法
即根据文章的前后语境推出生词的词义。如：
■That museum is so immense that it will be impossible to see all the exhibits in one day.
说明：既然一天之内看不完所有的展品，那么immense的意思应该是“很大”了。
■Everyone agreed that the woman in the photo was gorgeous. It was easy to see why she had won the beauty contest.
说明：既然“她在选美比赛中获胜”，说明她“很美丽”(gorgeous)。
3列举法
即通过对文章所列举的事物来猜测生词的词义。如：
■Children like such creatures as dogs and monkeys.
说明：像dogs 和 monkeys 之类的“creatures”，显然creatures的意思应是“动物”。
■In your spare time, you may look through any of these periodicals: Time Magazine, News Week, or The New Worker.
说明：periodical是生词，但根据其后所列举的例子，我们可以推测出它的意思可能是“期刊”或“杂志”。
4构词法
即根据前缀、后缀、复合、派生等构词知识判断生词的词义。如：
■Overwork may cause diseases.
说明：前缀over- 的意思是“过分的，过量的”，故 overwork的意思应为“工作过度”。
■There was a dissatisfied look in the manager’s eyes.
说明：satisfied的意思是“满意的”，前缀dis- 的意思是“不”，故dissatisfied 的意思应该是“不满意的”。
5对比法
即根据文章前后的对比关系确定生词的词义。如：
■He had been getting better, but during the night his condition deteriorated .
说明：句中的but 表明deteriorate 应该与get better 的意思相反，即“恶化”。
■In many countries there are two financial extremes, from penury to great wealth.
说明：上文说两个经济上的极端，那么下文中penury应与great wealth 相对，即表示“贫困”。
■Mrs.Smith is loquacious while her husband is the silent type.
说明：while表对比，意为“而”，所以loquacious 应是silent 的反义，即“多嘴的”。
■If you agree, draw a circle; and a cross if you dissent.
说明：既然画圈表示同意，那么画叉便是“不同意”(dissent)。
6同位法
同位语是对所修饰词语的进一步说明和解释，若对所修饰的词语不熟悉，可通过其后同位语的“说明或解释”来确定其词义。如:
His father is an expert in phonetics, the study of the sounds of language.
说明:同位语 the study of the sounds of language 表示 phonetics 的意思应该是“语音学”
Jean was born with spina bifida, a birth illness that damages the spine(脊骨).
说明:同位语 a birth illness that damages the spine 表明了spin abifida 是种病，一种对脊骨有损害的病。
7释义法
即根据文章中所提供的释义关系来确定生词的词义。如:They described him as a loon, or a mad man.说明:句中的or 是对loon的解释，即loon与a mad man同义，即表示“疯
It will be very hard but also very brittle, that is, it will break easily.说明: 句中的 that is 表明 it will break easily 是对brittle 的解释，从而猜测出其意为“脆”。
The herds man, who looks after sheep, earns about 500 yuan a year.
说明:定语从句who looks after sheep 表明herdsman 的词义为“牧人”。
■There are three kinds of snow. One kind is a fluffy snow that is somewhat dry and feathery
说明：定语从句that is somewhat dry and feathery(有点儿干、像羽毛似的)表明 fluffy snow 的意思可能是“鹅毛大雪”。
8常识法
即根据普通常识推测生词的词义。如:It’ s said that Bill Gates is the most affluent person in the world说明: 根据常识，Bill Gates 为世界首富，所以a fluent 可能是“富有的'
As a scientist, Edison is very famous for his contrivances说明: 根据常识，Edison为发明大王，他应因“发明”而闻名于世。三十组同义表达
1.九个“决定”
decide to do sth.
make a decision to do sth.
determine to do sth.
be determined to do sth.
make a determination to do sth.
resolve to do sth.
make a resolution to do sth.
make up one’s mind to do sth.
set one’s mind to do sth.
2.两个“尽可能......”
as … as possible
as…as you can
3.五个“乐意做……”
be glad to do sth.
be pleased to do sth.
be happy to do sth.
be delighted to do sth.
have pleasure to do sth.
4.九个“准备做……”
get ready for sth.
get sth. ready
be ready for sth.
be ready to do sth.
prepare for sth.
prepare oneself for sth.
prepare to do sth.
prepare sth. for sb.
be prepared for sth.
5.“邀请”与“请求”
Would you like to do sth.
Would you like sth.
Would you please do…
(回答：I’d like/love to.)
6.四个“没用”
It is no use (in)doing sth.
There is no use doing sth.
It is useless to do sth.
It is no good (in) doing sth.
7.三个“结果”
so/such…that…
...enough to do sth.
too … to…
8.六个“花费”
sb. spends some time/money on sth.
sb. spends some time/money (in) doing sth.
sb. pays some money for sth.
sth. costs （sb.） some money
It takes （sb. ）some time to do sth.
It takes some time for sb. to do sth.
9.五个“为了”
so that (引导目的状语从句，只位于句尾)
in order that (引导目的状语从句)
so as to do sth. (引导目的状语，只位于句尾)
in order to do sth. (引导目的状语，可首可尾)
to do sth. (引导目的状语，可首可尾)
10.三个“以至于不......”
too…to…
so … that…not…
not…enough to…
11.两个“习惯”
be/get used to doing sth.
be/get accustomed to doing sth.
12.两个“建议”
What about sth./doing sth.
How about sth./doing sth.
13.四个“出什么毛病了”
What’s the matter with…
What’s wrong with…
What’s the trouble with…
What happens to…
14.两个“为什么不......”
Why not do sth.
Why don’t you do sth.
15.三个“不但……而且……”
not only…but also
not only…but…
not only…but …as well
16.五个“劝阻”“阻止”
stop sb. （from） doing
prevent sb. （from） doing
keep sb. from doing
discourage sb. from doing sth.
dissuade sb. from doing sth.
17.四个“相处”
get on （well） with sb.
get along （well） with sb.
mix with sb.
mix well with sb.
18.五个“因为”
thanks to
due to
because of
as a result of
owing to
19.两个“形式”
It’s + adj. (for/of sb. ) to do sth. (形式主语)
find/think/feel it + adj. + to do sth. (形式宾语)
20.stress句型汇总
be stressed out
be under a lot of stress
take/stand the stress忍受压力
put stress on sth.强调
21.两个“弥补”
make up for
compensate for
22.五个“在...…看来”
in one’s opinion
to one’s mind
in one’s view
in one’s eye
according to sb.
23.三个“丢”
be lost
be missing
be gone
24.八个“著名”
be famous for sth
be famous to sb.
be famous as
be famous to sb. as
be known for sth.
be known to sb.
be known as
be known to sb. as
25.四个“满意”
be satisfied with
be pleased with
be happy with
be delighted with
26.四个“为……而高兴”
be pleased for sb.
be happy for sb.
be glad for sb.
be delighted for sth.
27.两个“祝贺”
congratulate sb. on sth
congratulations to sb. on sth
28.两个“道歉”
apologize to sb. for sth.
make an apology to sb. for sth.
29.两个“玩得高兴”
have fun (doing sth.)
enjoy oneself
30.七个“一……就……”
as soon as
the moment
the minute
the instant
immediately
instantly
directly一、文章及段落起始常用的过渡词语
to begin with 首先
【例】To begin with, smoking should be banned in public areas. 首先，在公共场合应该禁烟。
first of all 第一，首先
【例】First of all, many people in remote areas still live in poverty. 第一，在偏远地区许多人还生活在贫困中。
in the first place 首先
【例】In the first place, she can read at the rate of 100 words a minute. 首先，她能每分钟阅读100字。
generally speaking 总体上讲
【例】Generally speaking, the more you practice, the more skillfully you can write in English. 总体上讲，练习地越多，你英文写作时就越熟练。
二、文章及段落结尾常用的过渡词语
therefore, thus 因此
【例】Thus, taking morning exercises regularly may reduce the chances of getting sick. 因此，定期进行晨练可以减少生病的概率。
in conclusion 总之，最后
【例】In conclusion, universities should give larger amount of money to libraries. 最后，高校应该给图书馆大量拨款。
in brief, in a nutshell 简言之
【例】In brief, birth control is of vital importance in China. 简言之，计划生育在对中国来说是十分重要的。
to sum up 总而言之
【例】To sum up, out of sight, out of mind. 总而言之，眼不见，心不烦。
in a word 总之
【例】In a word, country life is more beneficial than city life. 总之，乡村生活更优于城市生活。
三、常用表示先后次序的过渡词语
first 第一
second 第二
next 其次，然后
eventually 最后，最终
since then 自此以后
afterward 以后，随后
meanwhile 同时
therefore 因而
immediately 立刻
finally 最后，最终
【例】Finally, the country must not again go through the war. 最终，这个国家必须避免再次遭受战争。
四、常用表示因果关系的过渡词语
accordingly 于是
for this reason 由于这个原因
as a result of 由……结果
in this way 这样
consequently 结果，因此
due to 由于……
therefore 因而
because of 因为
thus因为
【例】It rained, for this reason, the game was cancelled. 由于下雨，游戏取消。
五、常用表示比较和对比的过渡词语
in contrast with 和……成对照
similarly 同样
whereas 然而
on the contrary 相反
different from与……不同
likewise同样
equally important 同样重要
on the other hand 另一方面
【例】Different from Jane, Mary is interested in Maths. 和简不同，玛丽对数学比较感兴趣。
六、常用表示举例的过渡词语
a case in point 恰当的例子
for example 举例
namely( that is ) 即，这就是说
for instance 举例
【例】A case in point is the water control project along the Yangtze River. 一个恰当的例子就是长江沿线的水控项目。
七、常用表示强调的过渡词语
furthermore 此外
moreover 而且
besides 此外
in fact 实际上
also 而且，也
indeed 的确
again 另外，还
in particular 尤其，特别
naturally 当然，自然，必然
【例】Naturally, he denied that he had committed the crime. 他必然不承认自己犯罪了。
八、逻辑连接词语
原因、结果关系：so…, as a result of this, consequently, in consequence
转折关系：even though, though, regardless of
并列关系：also, as well as, either…or…
递进关系：not only…but also…, in order to do it…, accordingly
比较关系：when in fact…, similarly, compared with
对比关系：on the contrary, contrary to, conversely
举例关系：as he explains, like, put it simply, for one thing…for another…
强调关系：particularly, to be true, other things being equal
条件关系：if so, if possible, provide that
归纳总结关系：in brief, in short, the conclusion can be drawn that…
九、表“陈述事实/观点”
to be honest/to tell you the truth 说实话
actually/in fact/as a matter of fact 事实上
I think... 依我看……
in my opinion 在我看来
as far as I know 据我所知
I m afraid... 我恐怕……
I hope... 我希望……九类过渡词
类别1：开头常用短语
It's said that... 据说……
As we all know that... 我们都知道……
It's well known that... 众所周知……
As/So far as I know... 据我所知……
It is clear/obvious that... ……是显而易见的
类别2：表“结构顺序”
first/firstly 第一
first of all 首先
to begin/start with 首先
in the first place 首先
second/secondly 第二
next 其次；然后
and then 于是；然后
meanwhile/at the same time 同时
finally/eventually/at last/in the end 最终

类别3：表“并列补充”
also/too/as well 也；同样；而且
both...and... ……和……
either...or... 要么……要么……
neither...nor... 既不……也不……
not only...but also... 不但……而且……
besides 除此之外
moreover 另外；此外
in addition/additionally 加之；除……之外
by the way 顺便；顺便说
what's more 更重要的是；而且；此外
what's worse 更糟的是
as well as... 也；又；和；及

类别4：表“转折对比”
but 但是；而是
however 然而；不过
while 然而
instead 反而
otherwise/or else 否则；不然
on the contrary/in contrast 相反地
in any case/at any rate 无论如何
some...while others... 一些人……另一些人……
on one hand...on the other hand... 一方面……另一方面……

类别5：表“因果关系”
because 因为
since 因为；既然
because of 因为
thanks to 多亏了
now that 既然；由于
for this reason 由于这个原因
so 因而；这样；如此
thus 因此
therefore 因此
as a result 结果；因此
so/such...that... 如此……以至于……
in order to/so that... 为了……

类别6：表“举例说明”
like 像；如同
such as 例如；像……这样
for example/instance 例如；比如

类别7：表 “特别强调”
especially 尤其；特别
particularly 特别是
certainly/surely 当然
indeed 确实；的确
obviously 显而易见
no doubt/without any doubt 毫无疑问

类别8：表“陈述事实/观点”
to be honest/to tell you the truth 说实话
actually/in fact/as a matter of fact 事实上
I think... 依我看……
in my opinion 在我看来
as far as I know 据我所知
I'm afraid... 我恐怕……
I hope... 我希望……

类别9：表“总结”
in a/one word 总而言之；简言之
in general 一般而言；总的来说
in short/brief 简而言之；总之
all in all 总的来说；大体而言
in summary 总之；概括来说
generally speaking 一般来说
by and large 一般来说
to speak frankly 坦白地说
above all 最重要；首先
after all 毕竟；终究
from the above 综上所述
in conclusion 总之，最后
at last 最后

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