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Teaching Material：新人教版必修三 Unit4 Space Exploration
Reading for writing
Theme：Human and Nature
Type of the text：Argumentative essay
Duration：40 minutes
I. The Analysis of Teaching Material
The theme of this section is "Space Exploration". Although man has made great achievements in Space Exploration, there is always a controversy as to whether it is worthwhile for man to explore space. The reading for writing section of this unit is based on this controversial issue. Through reading an argumentative essay, students are asked to understand the different attitudes and perspectives of people on this issue, so as to understand the cost of space exploration and realize the impact of space technology on human life. Finally, students need to express their views on this issue in accordance with their own understanding, so as to improve their critical thinking skills.
The text is a typical argumentative essay about the benefits of space exploration which follows the structure of “introduction-body-conclusion”to present an argument.That is, it puts forward the argument first, then discusses from several aspects, and finally summarizes.To show the opinion clearly, the writer uses topic sentence for each paragraph. Proper writing techniques like examples, explanations and comparison enables the writer to fully develop the main idea.
Ⅱ.The Analysis of Students
For students in Grade 1, they are not familiar with this topic because it’s not so life-related, but they are curious about space exploration. They are active in expressing their opinions but lack in writing techniques as well as need more guidance in organizing their essays.
Ⅲ.Teaching Objectives
At the end of class, Ss will be able to
1. identity the writer’s opinion about space exploration.
2.figure out the structure and language features of the argumentation.
3.express their opinion about space exploration and outline the structure of my own argumentative writing.
Ⅳ.Teaching focus and Difficulties
1. to analyze how the writer develops his opinion clearly, coherently and comprehensively.
2. to write a typical argumentative with proper writing techniques and a good organization
Ⅴ.Teaching Methods
Activity-based Approach;
Discovery Teaching Method;
Ⅵ.Main Teaching Resources：Teaching material, PPT
Ⅶ.Teaching Procedures
Step1.Lead-in
T shows two pictures of two famous Chinese astronauts and then ask Ss to give a brief introduction to them .
T asks Ss to guess how much we have spent on space exploration and whether it is worthwhile.
【课堂实录】
T: Do you know who are they in the pictures
(S1: Yang Liwei.)
(S2: Liu Yang.)
T: Yes. And can you introduce them briefly in English
(S3: Yang Liwei is the first astronaut to get into space in China, and Liu Yang is the first female astronaut to do that.)
T: Exactly. They are both great astronauts who have made a significant contribution to the space exploration in China. By the way, are you curious about how much we have spent on space exploration
(Ss: Yes!)
T: Here it is.A huge sum of money Right However,The earth is still facing poverty, hunger, pollution, disease......So do you think these problems are more urgent than space exploration Is exploring space a waste of time and money
(Some say yes, and some say no.)
T: Wow, it seems that different people have different opinions on this question . Next let’s read a text concerning this, shall we
(Ss: Yes!)
【设计意图】
通过学生较为熟悉的两位航天英雄杨利伟和刘洋导入，能充分激发学生的学习兴趣, 激活已有的知识储备，练习话题相关的词汇。再提出问题，创设问题情境，唤起学生求知欲，进而导出本节课的中心论点，为接下来的议论文阅读做好铺垫。
Step2.Reading and Analyzing
Ss read the title and tell the genre of the passage .
Activity 1:Read for opinions
Ss read the first paragraph and underline the different opinions about space exploration.
Activity 2: Read and Answer
T raises a question:what’s the author’s opinion (Statement)
Activity 3: Read and Find
T raises a question:why does the author hold the statement (Three arguments)
Activity 4: Read and Think
T raises a question:What’s the function of the rest sentences of the paragraph
Activity 5: Read and Analyze
T helps Ss analyze the language features of each paragraph by raising questions:
How does the author make his arguments more convincing
Which sentence is your favorite one and why
What role does the last paragraph play
【课堂实录】
T: Now, boys and girls,please take a quick look at the passage and then tell me what’s the text type Narration Exposition Argumentation
(Ss: Argumentation.)
T: Excellent!Then you’ll have one minute to read the first paragraph and underline the different opinions about space exploration. Got it
(Ss: Yes!)
T: Time’s up. Let’s see did you find them. You please.
(S4: One of them is some people argue that we should stop wasting time and money exploring space.The other is others feel this is a shallow view which fails to realize how exploring space helps us.)
T: Wonderful, sit down please. Then which one do you guys think is the author’s opinion
(Ss:The second one.)
T: Good. It means the author is in favour of space exploration, right
(Ss:Yes.)
T: Yeah! Well done,everyone!You have found the statement of this argumentation. That’s the most important thing while reading an argumentation. Clear
(Ss:Yes.)
T: Ok,my next question.Why does the author hold the statement Can you find the reasons the author gives Also one minute for you!
All right.Have you found them How many reasons are there
(Ss:Three.)
T: Terrific.Who can tell me This boy!
(S5: The reasons are the first sentence of paragraph2-4.)
T: Very good.Class, please remember in an argumentative writing, we should offer convincing reasons to support our statement, which are called arguments in an argumentation!
(Ss:Ok.)
T：Now，you have already found the topic sentence of each paragraph. Then how about the rest sentences of each paragraph What do you think they are for
(Ss:To support the topic sentence.)
T:Great! Let’s see how do they support the topic sentence one paragraph by one paragraph. Paragraph 2! How does the author make his arguments more convincing
(Ss:By giving explanation.)
T:Yes! Remember by giving further explanation you can make your arguments more convincing. Then how about paragraph 3
(Ss:By giving examples.)
T:Terrific.Heart monitors,Memory foam pillows and Smartphone cameras are all the real examples to prove the benefits space exploration brings us.Ok, now, for paragraph 4, please look at these two sentences,which one do you like best and why
(Ss:The second one. So beautiful!)
T:Clearly,using rhetorical devices such as simile, personification, and metaphor can make our language more vivid. Now,let’s come to the last paragraph.What role does the last paragraph play
(Ss:To make a summary here!)
T:Indeed, the author repeated the statement at the conclusion to stress the opinion again.
【设计意图】
通过层层设问，一步一步地引导学生找到议论文中最重要的Statement和Arguments，加深对文章内容的理解（太空探索的益处），以及充分把握议论文的结构和语言特点。提醒学生在写作议论文时首先要遵循文章的基本结构，构思好自己的Statement和Arguments。并且学习如何更好地论证，使之更加令人信服更具说服力。
Activity 6 Complete the mind-map with key words.
Ss review the structure and content of this argumentation through completing the mind map.
Activity 7 Summarize the language features.
T helps Ss make a summary of the language features.
【设计意图】
让学生通过思维导图再次复习议论文的结构和语言特色，使知识更加系统化，结构化。并为之后的写作任务搭好脚手架。
Step3.Writing
Activity 8:Think and voice
T asks Ss whether they agree with author’s opinion and Why
Activity 9: Brainstorm and Write
Ss choose their own topic about space exploration out of three and then brainstorm and draw an outline of their argumentation.
Is exploring space a waste of time and money
Is establishing China Space Station a waste of time and money
Is it possible for mankind to live on Mars
Activity 10: Self-assessment& Assignment
Ss make an assessment according to the self-assessment sheet and then polish and complete their argumentation after class.
【课堂实录】
T: Just now we’ve reviewed the structure and language features of an argumentation. It’s time for you to write your own argumentation concerning space exploration. So do you agree with the author’s opinion
(Some say yes, and some say no.)
T:Ok,you can express you opinion freely in your argumentation. Here I offer you three topics for you to choose from. You shall discuss in groups and brainstorm on that topic and then draw an outline of your argumentation.Clear
(Ss:Yes.)
T: Don’t forget what we have learnt today! And also here are some expressions which may help you.10 minutes for you to create your draft.You may start.
(T walking around the classroom and check Ss’performance.)
T:Ok，I see most of you have finished your draft quite well. Today’s class is almost over.Now let’s have a quick recap. Today we learned about how to write an argumentation. We’re clear about the structure and some writing skills. Here is our homework today. Please polish up your article after class based on this self-assessment sheet.Goodbye!
(Ss:Goodbye,teacher!)
【设计意图】
考虑到学生们在相关信息与语言点方面可能存在困难，于是提供了部分语言内容支架来帮助学生进行构思写作。简单总结了之前所学的篇章结构与技巧。除此之外，考虑到学生们在相关信息与语言点方面可能存在困难，于是提供了部分语言内容支架来帮助学生进行构思写作。一节课的时间并不支持学生们完成提纲和草稿后还能进行完善的修改，所以将这部分修改润色的任务安排在课后作业环节完成。这样还能帮助学生巩固本节课所学，实现产出，写出属于自己的议论文。
Teaching Reflection
This lesson is designed to help students focus their attention on class activities and actively participate in class. Teachers have clear objectives, understand the weak points of students, and design relevant teaching activities based on this, in order to teach and promote learning step by step. In the lead-in section, students will be inspired to talk about space exploration, which will lay a foundation for subsequent writing. In the pre-writing stage, teachers and students have questions and answers, and jointly explore and analyze the structure of the text, writing skills, etc., in order to provide the corresponding support for the subsequent imitation writing. After the students finished the first draft, the teachers helped students learn how to evaluate and know what kind of argumentation is good and outstanding. In this way, students will consciously apply what they’ve learnt to themselves when it comes to writing an argumentation in the future.

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