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学科 英语 时间 2024.6.26 班级 高二 教师
课题 Unit10 connections Grammar 过去式中的被动语态 课时 主备人
学情 分析
学习 目 标 学生复习被动语态的基本构成。 知道过去式中的被动语态基本结构及基本用法。
重 难 点 重点: 掌握过去式中的被动语态基本结构及基本用法。 难点: 知道一般过去式、过去进行时、过去完成时及过去将来时四种过去时的被动语态并能判断区分，正确运用。
教 学 过 程 Step 1:Pre-class Greeting Leading-in Read the sentences. Underline the passive forms. What tense is used in each sentence. We were given the task of finding out whether the “Six Degrees of Separation” theory worked at our school. We were told about the “Small-world” experiment in the United States，where packages had been sent from one person to another with the aim of getting it to a stranger in the end. While the idea behind this experiment was being discussed in our group，it was suggested to us by our teacher that we try something similar. So we did. We couldn’t send parcels，but we could send letters. Ten volunteers were chosen to take part and they were asked to write a letter of introduction to another person in the school that they didn’t know and then to choose someone who they thought was connected to that person to give it to. After all the letters were exchanged several times，seven out of the ten target people did receive their letters with chains of five or six people in each case! We think this means that our experiment was a success and it supports the theory. Step 2:While-class 一、一般过去时的被动语态 一般过去时的被动语态的基本结构是:be动词的过去式(was，were)+及物动词的过去分词。表示过去某一时间的被动动作或过去经常性、习惯性的被动动作。 1.基本结构 肯定式:主语+was/were+及物动词的过去分词+其他 否定式:主语+was/were +not+及物动词的过去分词+其他 一般疑问式:Was/Were+主语+及物动词的过去分词+其他 特殊疑问式:疑问词+was/were(+主语)+及物动词的过去分词+其他 A new shop was built last year. 去年建了一家新商店。. The computers were not bought last week.这些电脑不是上周买的。 Were the computers bought last week 这些电脑是上周买的吗 When were the computers bought 这些电脑是什么时候买的 2.注意事项 (1)若句子中含有双宾语,在改为被动语态时,遵循以下方法: ①将间接宾语转化为句子主语。 She gave the little girl some flowers. → The little girl was given some flowers by her.她给了那个小女孩一些花。 ②将直接宾语转化为句子主语,此时间接宾语前通常加上介词for或 to。 They bought the children many good books. →Many good books were bought for the children by them.他们给那些孩子买了许多好书。.He lent me a pen. → A pen was lent to me by him.他借给了我一支钢笔。 (2)在不定式作宾语补足语的结构中,改为被动语态时，把主动语态中的宾语提到被动语态中主语的位置,宾语补足语的位置不变。 .He asked the boy to wash the car. -The boy was asked to wash the car.他让那个男孩洗车，注意:不带t的不定式作宾语补足语,在变为被动语态时要加上。 .I saw a policeman enter the classroom. →A policeman was seen to enter the classroom.我看见一名警察进了教室。 常接省略to的不定式作宾语补足语的动词有: -一感(feel)、二听(listen to、hear )、三让( let,make . have)四看( watch, see, look at,notice ).帮助(help)可带可不带。 二、过去进行时的被动语态 1.基本结构 肯定式:主语+was/were + being + done. 否定式:主语+was/were + not + being + done. 一般疑问式:Was/Were+主语+being+done+ 其他特殊疑问式:疑问词+ was/were(+主语)+ being + done +其他 2.用法 (1)过去进行时的被动语态表示过去正在进行的被动动作。 This film was being shown at that moment.这部电影那时正在被放映。 (2)过去进行时的被动语态一般不与表示一段时间的状语或表示次数的状语连用,可用过去完成时的被动语态 The house over there was being built for two months.(x) The house over there had been built for two months.(V) 三、过去完成时的被动语态 1.基本结构 had + been +及物动词的过去分词 2.用法 (1)表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成了的被动动作。该动作发生的时间是“过去的过去”;这一过去时 间可用by,at,before等构成的短语或when, before , until等引导的从句或通过上下文来表示。 The project had been completed by the end of 2012. 这项工程已于 2012年底竣工。 The classroom had been cleaned before we came. 我们来之前，教室已被打扫干净。 (2)用在含有被动形式的间接引语或宾语从句中,常放的后面,表示在这些动作之前已经发生的动作。在 say, tell, think, wonder, know, hear等动词的过去式的后面，表动作已经发生。 My classmate told me that he had been punished by his teacher. 我同学告诉我他已经受到了老师的借罚。 .We all thought he had been killed in the plane crash. 我们都以为他在飞机坠毁事件中丧生了。 四、过去将来时的被动语态 过去将来时的被动语态表示从过去某一时间来看将要发生的被动动作。其基本形式为: (1)would+be+及物动词的过去分词 .i knew the work would be finished by5:00 pm. 我知道工作会在下午5点之前结束。 The manager said the project would be complieted by the end of the year. 经理说这个工程在年底前将会完成。. She asked whether their plan would be considered with great care. 她问他们的计划会不会得到仔细的考虑。 I didn't expect that I would be given the prize. 我未曾料到我会获奖。 .She said that a new trade centre would be built in the city centre. 她说一个新的贸易中心将在市中心建造。 (2) was/were + going to be +及物动词的过去分词 I thought a big dinner was going to be made by Sally. 我认为萨莉会做一顿丰盛的晚餐。 .I believed that a letter was going to be written to Tom by Jack. 我相信汤姆会给杰克写一封信。 Step 3:Practice I.单句语法填空 1.When she was about ten years old she had somewhat long, curly, light brown hair, and her mom told us that she______________( test )for a movie. 2.His persistence__________________(reward ) when they finally agreed to resume negotiation. 3.When the plan of going abroad__________________( propose ), it was received by that gentleman with the greatest encouragement and enthusiasm. 4.Conservationists calculate the consequence that hundreds of species could ______________( lose ) in this area. 5.They_______________( force ) to scrap plans for a new stadium building. Ⅱ.完成句子 1.当我们进入糕饼店时,机器的发动机正在被一个老工人修理。 When we came into the bakery, the engine of the machine_________________________. 2.他匆匆回家,一次也不回头看看是否有人跟踪他。 He hurried home, never once looking back to see if _____________________________. 3.她得到充分的鼓励去尝试新事物。 __________________________________every encouragement to try something new. Suggested answers: 1. was being tested 2.was rewarded 3. was proposed 4. be lost 5. were forced Ⅱ 1. was being repaired by an old worker 2. he was being followed 3. She was given
作业 设计 1. It was revealed that important evidence ______________( conceal ). 2. He told us that the vacant rooms on the campus ______________( use) by holidaying households. 3. There was a chain of programmes on the market which ______________( describe ) as design aids. 4.I __________________( ask ) to release a newspaper article making predictions for the future education. 5. He told us that attempts _______________(make )to deal with the conflict. 6.他告诉我们,结果将在下周公布。 He told us that the result ______________________________the next week. 7.据报道,因为这次冲突已有数人被捕。 It was reported that _______________________________because of the conflict. Suggested answers: 1. had been concealed 2. were being used 3.was described 4. was asked 5. were being made 6. would be announced 7. several people had been arrested
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