资源简介

(共19张PPT)
高考英语复习
说明文阅读及解题技巧
高考对说明文的考查多为科普知识，动植物特性、自然现象和新产品、新工艺介绍以及人文地理、风土人情等方面的说明文，文中解释性、定义性、说明性的句子居多。而且长难句多，逻辑关系较为复杂，对解题的挑战大。
常考题型为：
细节理解题
词义猜测题
主旨大意题
情感态度题
文章结构题
“英语说明文”，顾名思义，就是一种以“说明、解释”为主要表达方式的英语文体。它是对客观事物的性状、特点、功能和用途 等等做科学解说的。
What
Characters
Test
“
Characters
Part1. Lead-in
Part2. Reading and analysing
Part3. The first reading technique (6tips)
Part4. The second reading technique
Part5. Application
contents
Lead in
1. Pinocchio may be just a children’s fairy tale, but Spanish scientists at the University of Granada recently investigated this so-called “Pinocchio effect” and found that our noses don’t grow when we tell a lie, but actually shrink a bit.
2. Dr. Gómez Milán and his team developed a lie detector test that used thermography（体温计）to tell if people were lying, and found that whenever participants in their research were being untruthful, the temperature of the tip of their nose dropped up to 1.2℃, while the temperature of their forehead increased up to 1.5℃. Scientist also found that drop in temperature at nose level actually caused it to slightly shrink, although the difference is undetected by the human eye.
3. “One has to think in order to lie, which rises the temperature of the forehead,” Dr. Gómez Milán explained the findings. “At the same time we feel anxious, which lowers the temperature of the nose.”
4. For this study, researchers asked a number of 60 students to perform various tasks while their temperature is scanned by technology. One of these tasks required making a 3 to 4 minutes call to their parents or a friend and telling a significant lie. Participants had to make up the lie themselves during the call. Interestingly, this lie detector picked up the “Pinocchio effect” temperature difference in 80 percent of the test subjects, which is a better rate of success than that of any modern lie detector.
5. “With this method we have achieved to increase accuracy”, said Dr. Gómez Milán, who added that law enforcement interviewers could one day combine other lie detection technology with thermal imaging to achieve better results.
科学家发现匹诺曹效应：说谎鼻子不会变大，反而会缩小。
实验方法？
实验发现？
实验对象？
实验内容？
实验效果？
匹诺曹效应的前景
提出命题
the background information/
current situation/introduction
验证命题
研究主体：scientists/ experts/ team/ researchers/ university
研究方法:
research /experiment /survey /interview /questionaire /investigation
研究对象: volunteers /subjects /participants
the function/use/purpose, the problem/difficulty; the process/findings
评价命题
the conclusion/ future/ application/
significance / remarks from experts
Structure of exposition
说明文阅读技巧一：快速把握文章结构
快速浏览文章，把握首段和首句。
Tip 1 . Master the outline effectively
命题常见方式：
文章
结构
1. The author provides in Line…(Paragraph…) an example in order to…
2. Why is ....mentioned in paragraph 1
3. How does the author illustrate the idea of…
4. The author develops his main idea by ____.
1. Why does the author mention “Pinocchio”at the beginning
A. To tell a fairy story B. To warn us not to lie.
C. To introduce a research D. To inspire us to doubt old beliefs
Pinocchio may be just a children’s fairy tale, but Spanish scientists at the University of Granada recently investigated this so-called “Pinocchio effect” ....
Types of question 1
写作方法+写作意图
词义猜测
常见命题方式：
1. What does the underlined word mean
2. What is the meaning of the underlined word
Tips
逻辑词
and,or,
therefore,
thus, that is, but,while,yet,however
同义词
近义词
破折号
冒号
同位语从句
定语从句
2. What does the underlined word in paragraph 1 mean
A. Get longer B. Become smaller
C. Get higher D. Remain suitable
... found that our noses don’t grow when we tell a lie, but actually shrink a bit.
Types of question 2
Tip
核心词对应答案，同义词，近义词确定答案。
细节理解
3. What can we learn about the research
A. Researchers conduct the study by interviewing.
B. Researchers design different lies for participants.
C. The thermal lie detector will prove a popular one.
D. The thermal lie detector may assist law enforcement.
Types of question 3
... law enforcement interviewers could one day combine other lie detection technology with thermal imaging to achieve better results
主旨大意
常见命题方式：
1. This passage mainly talks about ____.
2. What is the main idea/topic of the passage
3. The best title/ headline for this passage might be_____.
Tip
1. 概括全文内容,不能只概括短文中的某些事实或细节
2. 标题范围不应太大或太小
3. 标题应该:1、独特新颖 2、概括性强 3、短小精炼。
4. which might be the best title for the passage
A. Will lie detectors tell the truth
B. Will lying make your nose longer
C. Will lying make your temperature rise
D. Will thermal image technoloty be reliable
Types of question 4
5. What is Dr. Gómez Milán’s attitude towards the finding
A. Doubtful. B. Positive.
C. Disapproving. D. Uncaring.
“With this method we have achieved to increase accuracy”, said Dr. Gómez Milán, who added that law enforcement interviewers could one day combine other lie detection technology with thermal imaging to achieve better results.
情感态度
Types of question 5
命题常见方式：
1. What’s the author’s attitude towards...
2. What is the tone of the passage
Tip
捕捉表达或暗示情感态度的词句或短语
赞成
positive 积极的
supportive 支持的
approving 赞成的
favorable 赞许的
optimistic 乐观的
反对
negative 消极的
disapproving 不赞成的
dissatisfied 不满意的
critical 批判的
doubtful 怀疑的
skeptical 怀疑的
中立
objective客观的
neutral中立的
情感态度
Types of question 5
推理判断
常见命题方式：
1. What can be inferred from paragraph 1
2. It is implied from the passage that ____.
3. It can be concluded from the passage that ____.
Types of question 6
Tip
题文同序，主题一致，同义转换。
说明文阅读技巧二：熟知各种题型和解题技巧
转折词
这类信号词往往告诉读者，下面有新的内容和观点，读者应特别注意后面的内容。如：but，however，yet，nevertheless，although，despite，in spite of，otherwise，whereas，on the contrary，on the other hand等。
结论词
这类信号词的出现告诉读者，后面的内容是对前面的内容的概括性总结，这对做有关作者的态度或观点的选择题至关重要，考生应给于足够的重视。如：as a result，in short，in conclusion，to conclude，in a word，in brief，so，in sum，therefore,
to sum up, thus, consequently等。
尤其注意两类信号词：转折词和结论词
01
Detail, Inference, main idea,
word guessing, attitudes,
purpose/technique of writing…
Let’s design some questions!
An Australian professor is developing a robot to monitor the health of grazing cattle, a development that could bring big changes to a profession that's relied largely on a low-tech approach for decades but is facing a labor shortage.
Salah Sukkarieh, a professor at the University of Sydney, sees robots as necessary given how cattlemen are aging. He is building a four-wheeled robot that will run on solar and electric power. It will use cameras and sensors to monitor the animals. A computer system will analyze the video to determine whether a cow is sick. Radio tags (标签) on the animals will measure temperature changes. The quality of grassland will be tracked by monitoring the shape, color and texture (质地) of grass. That way, cattlemen will know whether they need to move their cattle to another field for nutrition purposes.
Machines have largely taken over planting, watering and harvesting crops such as corn and wheat, but the monitoring of cattle has gone through fewer changes.
For Texas cattleman Pete Bonds, it's increasingly difficult to find workers interested in watching cattle. But Bonds doesn't believe a robot is right for the job. Years of experience in the industry - and failed attempts to use technology - have convinced him that the best way to check cattle is with a man on a horse. Bonds, who bought his first cattle almost 50 years ago, still has each of his cowboys inspect 300 or 400 cattle daily and look for signs that an animal is getting sick.
Other cattlemen see more promise in robots. Michael Kelsey Paris, vice president of the Oklahoma Cattlemen's Association, said a robot could be extremely useful given rising concerns about cattle theft. Cattle tend to be kept in remote places and their value has risen, making them appealing targets.
Design questions
1. An Australian professor is developing a robot to monitor the health of grazing cattle, a development that could bring big changes to a profession that's relied largely on a low-tech approach for decades but is facing a labor shortage.
2. Salah Sukkarieh, a professor at the University of Sydney, sees robots as necessary given how cattlemen are aging. He is building a four-wheeled robot that will run on solar and electric power. It will use cameras and sensors to monitor the animals. A computer system will analyze the video to determine whether a cow is sick. Radio tags (标签) on the animals will measure temperature changes. The quality of grassland will be tracked by monitoring the shape, color and texture (质地) of grass. That way, cattlemen will know whether they need to move their cattle to another field for nutrition purposes.
3. Machines have largely taken over planting, watering and harvesting crops such as corn and wheat, but the monitoring of cattle has gone through fewer changes.
4. For Texas cattleman Pete Bonds, it's increasingly difficult to find workers interested in watching cattle. But Bonds doesn't believe a robot is right for the job. Years of experience in the industry - and failed attempts to use technology - have convinced him that the best way to check cattle is with a man on a horse. Bonds, who bought his first cattle almost 50 years ago, still has each of his cowboys inspect 300 or 400 cattle daily and look for signs that an animal is getting sick.
5. Other cattlemen see more promise in robots. Michael Kelsey Paris, vice president of the Oklahoma Cattlemen's Association, said a robot could be extremely useful given rising concerns about cattle theft. Cattle tend to be kept in remote places and their value has risen, making them appealing targets.
background information（提出问题）
the function/use
（解决问题：介绍发明）
different attitudes
（评价发明）
Design questions
文章结构题
1. The author provides an example in order to…
2. The author develops his main idea by _____.
3. Why is ....mentioned in paragraph X
词义猜测题
What does the underlined word in paragraph X mean
细节理解题
1. What can we know about XXX
2. According to Paragraph X,which one is right
主旨大意题
1.What is the main idea of the passage
2. What does the passage mainly talk about
3. What is the best title of the passage
推理判断题
1. What can be inferred from paragraph X
2. What can be implied from his words
情感态度题
What is the author’s/ expert’s attitude towards...
Design questions

展开更多......

收起↑