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北京市西城区2023-2024学年八年级下学期期末英语试题
一、单项填空（共10分，每题1分）
1．（2024八下·西城期末）Mrs. Smith has two kids and she often plays tennis with ____ on Sundays.
A．him B．them C．you D．her
2．（2024八下·西城期末）During the winter holiday, my family traveled to Hainan ____ plane.
A．in B．on C．by D．to
3．（2024八下·西城期末）Betty and Lily ____ friends since they were 13 years old.
A．were B．are C．have been D．will be
4．（2024八下·西城期末）— Dad, this black shirt ____ very soft. Would you like to try it on — No, thanks. I prefer light colors.
A．tastes B．sounds C．smells D．feels
5．（2024八下·西城期末）—Tim, you need to go now, ____ you will be late for class. —OK, mom. I'm leaving now.
A．or B．but C．and D．so
6．（2024八下·西城期末）—____ do you cook for your family — About twice a week.
A．How long B．How much C．How often D．How many
7．（2024八下·西城期末）I refuse ____ all the fried food because I want to keep fit.
A．eat B．to eat C．eating D．ate
8．（2024八下·西城期末）—Sam, you ____ the table yet. It's all messy! —Sorry, I'll do it immediately.
A．haven't cleared B．weren't clearing
C．won't clear D．don't clear
9．（2024八下·西城期末） It ____ the writer several months to finish the book Red Star Over China in the 1930s.
A．takes B．will take C．has taken D．took
10．（2024八下·西城期末）—Do you know ____ —Next Sunday morning.
A．when will we visit the Science Museum
B．when we will visit the Science Museum
C．when did we visit the Science Museum
D．when we visited the Science Museum
二、完形填空（共10分，每题1分）
（2024八下·西城期末） 完形填空
Sam and his family were spending their holiday at the seaside. When Sam and his grandma stood on the beach watching the sunrise, a perfect shell 11． ashore (上岸). Sam quickly picked it up and turned it over. Inside, the shell was as pink as a rabbit's ear!
"It is a gift from the sea," said Grandma, "Take good care of it."" I will," said Sam.
Sam 12． showed his treasure to his family. His parents loved it, but his brother Vikram thought it was nothing special.
The next day, Sam 13． the shell on the shelf in their cottage (小屋) and then went with his family to the boardwalk. Vikram didn't go with them, because he was busy taking pictures.
At the boardwalk, Sam saw shells on sale, but none were as 14． as his. Back at the cottage, he ran to his room to admire (欣赏) the shell. But it was gone!
"Dad, where is my shell " Sam cried.
"Where did you put it " Dad asked.
"I put it on the shelf but it's not there!" answered Sam. Then something caught his eye...under Vikram's bed. "Vikram took it," he said.
"I did not!" shouted Vikram. "I was taking pictures at the beach. Who cares about your 15． shell "
Sam didn't say a word but quietly hid the shell under his clothes in a drawer. He checked on his 16． twice before everyone went to the beach for the last time.
That afternoon, Sam and his family packed (收拾行李) to go home. Sam opened his drawer only to find his shell gone again.
During dinner, Sam 17． his family. He thought someone was hiding his shell. Who And why
Suddenly, his missing shell walked into the room. "Look!" said Sam, pointing.
Everyone looked. The shell that was pink inside now had 18． that raced for the door. It turned out to be a hermit crab. Everyone was amazed. Sam ran over and picked it up. "I'll call you Sandy," said Sam. "You can live at my house."
"He already has a home," said Grandma.
Sam 19． how his shell had washed up from the ocean. That was Sandy's real home. That was where he wanted to be.
" Grandma, will you come to the beach with me again I have to 20． a gift." Grandma smiled.
11．A． drove B． swam C． washed D． pointed
12．A． proudly B． shyly C． secretly D． politely
13．A． found B． left C． lost D． threw
14．A． special B． big C． clean D． strong
15．A． perfect B． valuable C． dangerous D． boring
16．A． shelf B． treasure C． surprise D． picture
17．A． expected B． noticed C． believed D． studied
18．A． legs B． hands C． ears D． eyes
19．A． regretted B． imagined C． remembered D． discovered
20．A． send B． receive C． offer D． return
三、阅读选择（共22分，每题2分）
（2024八下·西城期末） 阅读理解
　21． 　 I want to learn about the great people in human history who have explored (探索) the universe. Tony 　22． 　 I enjoy stories about friendship and personal growth. Betty 　23． 　 I am interested in music and love reading stories about musicians. Lily A．SHOOT YOUR SHOTThis book teaches you about the most important rules that the best basketball players use in their lives. It explains how the rules can help you get through life and make your dreams come true. B．SPACE Only 628 people in the history of humans have been to space. In this book, an astronaut named Tim Peake tells their stories. They are all brave and amazing people who have made it possible for us to go to space. C． LISTEN Evelyn fell in love with music the first time she heard it. She started playing the piano at the age of eight. Later, she began to lose her hearing, but Evelyn didn't give up. She discovered a new way to hear and made beautiful music. D．ROLLER GIRL Astrid and Nicole are best friends. But things change when Astrid chooses roller derby camp, and Nicole picks dance camp. This situation tests their friendship. Luckily, by summer's end, they learn that true friends cheer each other on while trying new activities.
（2024八下·西城期末） 阅读理解
There is a busy street corner beside a bus station where kids change buses going to and from school. It's not a pretty place. There's noisy traffic and the nearby buildings are gray and unloved. However, it has a patch (小块地) of beauty—a small garden called Pete's Patch.
Pete is one of the kids who wait here to change buses for nine minutes each day. In the past, it wasn't a fun or pleasant place. There was nowhere nice to walk and the patch next to the station was littered with trash (垃圾). Pete had no choice because this was the only way.
He felt like he was wasting his life away. There was nothing to look at, nothing to keep him busy, and hanging around like that each day drove him mad. He knew he couldn't do anything to change the bus company's timetable, but he could make the nine minutes more enjoyable for himself and others.
He asked his mom for some trash bags. That week, he filled his nine minutes each day by picking up the trash. On the weekend, he asked his dad to drive down and take the trash bags to the dump (垃圾场). On Monday morning, the patch looked so much cleaner and nicer.
Then next week, Pete began to pull weeds (杂草). One of his friends came to help. Soon the patch was looking good, but some dirty words on the walls of the bus station were really making him angry.
Pete had an idea. He painted a mural (壁画) to cover the dirty words. When he started to work, more of his school friends joined him each day.
Now Pete and his friends are proud of that patch, and they sure aren't going to let anyone mess it up. They have even planted some fresh flowers. While waiting for their next bus, they walk through the patch and collect trash.
One Monday, however, as he rode the bus to school, Pete looked, as usual, toward the patch. To his surprise, there was a sign on it. His friends had painted it. It read: Pete's Patch.
24．Why wasn't the area around the bus station a pleasant place
A．Because there were too many people.
B．Because the flowers weren't pretty.
C．Because the walls weren't colorful.
D．Because there was a lot of trash.
25．What did Pete do to make the patch look nicer
A．He pulled weeds with his friend.
B．He planted flowers with his mom.
C．He changed the bus company's timetable.
D．He took a picture of the bus station's walls.
26．Which words can best describe Pete
A．Hardworking and shy. B．Humorous and smart.
C．Helpful and creative. D．Polite and brave.
27．What does the story tell us
A．Time flies but memories last forever.
B．Good friends stick together like glue.
C．Parents should always help their kids.
D．A little action makes the world better.
（2024八下·西城期末） 阅读理解
Research shows that the discovery of exoplanets (planets outside our solar system) has changed science fiction (小说). Now, books and movies present these planets more exactly, making science fiction more important than before.
Imagine learning about stars in a classroom. You could start with complex (复杂的) pictures and facts, or you could watch the movie Star Wars where Luke Skywalker sees two suns from his home planet, Tatooine. Which will more easily awaken the interest of a sleepy high school class
Science fiction has always caught our attention and it has inspired (激励) scientists to go for their dreams. For this reason, it is sometimes used to communicate science to the public, even complex ideas. To be sure that this is a useful way, it is necessary to understand how science fiction shows actual science.
Emma Johanna Puranen and her team from the University of St Andrews and the Austrian Academy of Sciences did some research, studying a lot of science fiction works, including novels, movies, TV shows, podcasts, and video games to see how science fiction reflects (反映) real scientific discoveries about exoplanets. "Most stories that are set in space will finally have a scene (场景) on an exoplanet," explains Puranen. "The reason for using exoplanets is that there was a huge change in our scientific understanding in 1995 when the first exoplanet around a sun-like star was discovered."
"Traditionally in science fiction, mostly there have been Earth-like planets," explains Puranen. "But what has changed since the discovery of real exoplanets is that the fictional exoplanets have actually become a bit less Earth-like."
According to real science, many exoplanets are very different from Earth and often not in the "Goldilocks zone", where conditions are friendlier to life as we know it. "I can guess that maybe writers of science fiction are reading all these headlines about worlds that are covered in lava or where it's raining diamonds, which you see in the media," says Puranen.
Science fiction, in a way, reflects the knowledge and discoveries of its time. This makes it a valuable tool for science communication. It can introduce people to new scientific ideas in an interesting and understandable way.
This research highlights the connection between scientific discoveries and creativity. While exploring the universe, science fiction can develop curiosity (好奇心) and make further research possible, making the subject of exoplanets an important example of how science and imagination improve each other.
28．The writer mentioned the movie Star Wars to ____.
A．explain what an exoplanet is like in a humorous way
B．present the result of the latest research about exoplanets
C．show an interesting way of sharing science with everyone
D．introduce a popular scientific movie by a famous director
29．How has science fiction changed after the discovery of the first exoplanet
A．It gives more attention to Earth.
B．It describes the Earth differently.
C．Science fiction has lost interest in explaining exoplanets.
D．Exoplanets in science fiction have become less Earth-like.
30．The words " Goldilocks zone" in Paragraph 6 most probably mean ____.
A．a space found on an exoplanet
B．an important part of our solar system
C．an area which is good for scientific activities
D．a place that provides living environment for life
31．The writer probably agrees that ____.
A．science fiction has played an active part in communicating science
B．scientific discoveries have slowed the development of imagination
C．science fiction has become less popular because of scientific discoveries
D．new scientific discoveries have made science fiction easier to understand
四、阅读表达（共10分）
（2024八下·西城期末） 阅读表达
Did you know tomato ketchup, the most popular sauce (酱), was invented in China It dates back thousands of years. People living along the coasts and rivers of southern China began to make the first ketchup by salting and fermenting (发酵) fish and shrimp. At first, this early ketchup was known only in southern China. After around 200 B．C． (Han Dynasty), the fish sauce became popular in the whole country, especially in a place called Fujian. There, the sauce got the name ketchup, which means fish sauce in Hokkien, the language of southern Fujian. Later, people from Fujian began to travel to places like Indonesia, where they built factories for making traditional Chinese sauces like ketchup—and that's where the British first discovered it.
In the early 1600s, British sailors who were traveling to Indonesia began to develop a taste for ketchup. Their food on ships was boring, and ketchup made it taste better. Before long, they brought lots of ketchup home. But it was expensive, so the British started trying to make their own. A London cookbook from 1742 had a ketchup recipe (配方) with beer, fish, mushrooms, and spices.
It was in the mid-1800s that the British started using tomatoes in ketchup. This was different from the fishy ketchup. Since tomatoes went bad fast, the company, Heinz, began to use vinegar (醋) in ketchup to make sure it could be stored for a long time.
In the late 1800s, ketchup production and popularity began to rise in America. So, the makers in America increased ketchup production, creating recipes to satisfy Americans' taste. It was a bit sweeter and thicker than British ketchup. By around 1910, ketchup began to look like the ketchup we put on McDonald's fries today.
However, there are also some differences between the ketchup of 1910 and today. In today's ketchup, corn syrup (玉米糖浆) is used, not sugar. What's more, to meet people's needs for a healthy lifestyle, some companies also make healthier ones without sugar.
From a fishy sauce in ancient Asia to a "goes-great-with-everything" sauce, ketchup has a long history full of changes.
32． Who made the first ketchup 　 　
33． Why did British sailors like ketchup 　 　
34． When did ketchup begin to look like the one we eat today 　 　
35． From a fishy sauce to today's ketchup, what are the reasons for changing the ketchup recipe (At least 3 reasons) 　 　
五、根据中文意思和英文提示词语写出句子。（共8分，每题2分）
36．（2024八下·西城期末）旅行之前做好准备很重要。（get ready）（汉译英）
37．（2024八下·西城期末）老师总是鼓励我们参加课后活动。(after-class activities)（汉译英）
38．（2024八下·西城期末）到目前为止，《猫和老鼠》（Tom & Jerry）已经流行八十多年了。（so far）（汉译英）
39．（2024八下·西城期末）好朋友不仅能分享你的快乐，还能帮你解决问题。（not only...but also...）（汉译英）
六、文段表达（10分）
40．（2024八下·西城期末）请根据中文和英文提示，完成一篇不少于40词的文段写作。所给提示词语仅供选用。
在我们的人生旅程中，"做更好的自己"是一个永恒的主题：从学习新技能到发展爱好，从建立友谊到学会担当，都是不断克服困难、自我提升的过程。
假如你是李华，学校英文网站正在开展以"Be a better me"为题目的征文活动。请你向网站投稿，分享一次经历。
内容包括：什么使你成为了更好的自己，你经历了什么，你从中收获了什么。
提示词语：confident，experience，nervous，grow，improve。
提示问题：1. What made you "a better you" 2. What happened 3. What have you learned from it
Be a better me
七、选做题（共10分）
（2024八下·西城期末）阅读短文，根据短文内容回答问题。
How to Work on Your Self-esteem (自尊心)
At about six years old, my mum was brushing my hair one morning before school when I asked her a question. "Am I ugly " I asked, looking at her and my reflection in the mirror before me. She said no, and asked me where this question was coming from. I told her a boy in my class had called me ugly on the playground.
That was the first time I remember feeling bad about myself. But that was just the beginning of a very long and troubled relationship with myself. That boy on the playground was for from the last person to call me ugly. He was certainly not the last person to make me question my sense of self. I know I'm not alone in feeling this way, and you might have a similar story about the first time you ever wondered aloud or quietly whether or not you were "ugly", whether you were "not smart", or whether you were a "bad person". So here are some tips (建议) to anyone who has ever wondered what to do about long-lasting low self-esteem.
Challenge your negative thoughts
Negative (负面的) thoughts can make you believe that many of the terrible things you've thought about yourself are true. Every time you think or say something negative about yourself challenge it by telling yourself of something you did well or succeeded in.
You shouldn't believe everything you think. If you often find yourself expecting the worst, you might form a way of thinking that isn't quite right. Researchers suggest paying attention to your way of thinking, and thinking it over again if you notice you're often too hard on yourself.
Keep an achievements journal
Every day, write down the things you did well or achieved that day in your journal. This could be anything from finishing a task at workplace to making your own lunch— whatever you feel proud of.
You can also use the journal to keep track (追踪) of different feelings you're experiencing, finally steering (引导) it back to some positives. You can write down a few things you like about yourself as well. It may feel strange at first, but you'll feel more comfortable when you practise it more.
Avoid comparing yourself to others
It's really hard to avoid comparing yourself to others—especially if you spend much time on social media. If you' re worried about social media's influence on your self-esteem, unfollow what makes you feel bad about yourself.
You should tell yourself that life isn't a competition. Every person is valuable and has his own successes and failings. The only person you need to compare yourself to is you.
41． Why did the writer feel bad about herself for the first time
42． What does the writer suggest writing in a journal to deal with low self-esteem
43． ①Which tip do you think is the easiest one to follow
　 　
②Is the tip useful to people with long-lasting low self-esteem Why or why not
　 　
答案解析部分
1．【答案】B
【知识点】宾格人称代词
【解析】【分析】句意：史密斯夫人有两个孩子，她经常在星期天和他们一起打网球。A他，B他们，C你，D她，根据two kids，可知是them指代第三人称复数，故选B。
【点评】考查代词，注意识记them的用法。
2．【答案】C
【知识点】方式介词by
【解析】【分析】句意：寒假的时候，我们一家坐飞机去了海南旅游。A在里面，B在上面，C乘坐，D到，根据plane，可知表示交通方式故用by，故选C。
【点评】考查介词，注意识记by+交通工具的用法。
3．【答案】C
【知识点】过去开始发生的动作一直持续到现在；其他语法一致形式
【解析】【分析】句意：贝蒂和莉莉从 13 岁起就是朋友。A过去式，B一般现在时，C现在完成时，D一般将来时，根据since they were 13 years old，可知是现在完成时标志，故选C。
【点评】考查时态，注意识记现在完成时的用法。
4．【答案】D
【知识点】表示感官的连系动词
【解析】【分析】句意：——爸爸，这件黑色衬衫摸起来很柔软。你想试穿一下吗？——不用了，谢谢。我更喜欢浅色。A：唱起来，B：听上去，C：闻上去，D：感觉，根据soft，可知是摸起来很柔软，故选D。
【点评】考查感官动词，注意识记feels的用法。
5．【答案】A
【知识点】祈使句+and(or)+陈述句
【解析】【分析】句意：——蒂姆，你现在必须走了，不然你上课就要迟到了。——好的，妈妈。我现在就走。A或者，B但是，C并且，D所以，这是祈使句+or+将来时的用法，表示提醒或警告，故选A。
【点评】考查连词，注意识记祈使句+or+将来时的用法。
6．【答案】C
【知识点】短语辨析；询问频率
【解析】【分析】句意：——您多久为家人做饭一次？——大约一周两次 。A：多长时间，B：多少，修饰不可数名词，C：多久一次，D：多少，修饰名词复数，根据About twice a week，可知提问频率用how
often，故选C。
【点评】考查疑问词辨析，注意识记How often的用法。
7．【答案】B
【知识点】固定搭配；动词不定式
【解析】【分析】句意：我拒绝吃一切油炸食品因为我想保持健康。eat吃，动词。A动词原形，B不定式，C动名词，D过去式，refuse to do，固定搭配，拒绝做某事，故用不定式，故选B。
【点评】考查不定式，注意识记refuse to do的用法。
8．【答案】A
【知识点】过去已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响
【解析】【分析】句意：——山姆，你还没收拾桌子呢。太乱了！——抱歉，我马上收拾。clear清理，动词。A现在完成时，B过去进行时，C将来时，D一般现在时，yet是现在完成时否定句标志，故选A。
【点评】考查时态，注意识记现在完成时的用法。
9．【答案】D
【知识点】一般过去时
【解析】【分析】句意：20世纪30年代，作家花了几个月的时间才完成《红星照耀中国》一书。take花费，动词。A单三式，B将来时，C现在完成时，D过去时，根据in the 1930s，可知时态是一般过去时，故选D。
【点评】考查时态，注意识记根据句确定时态和一般过去时的用法。
10．【答案】B
【知识点】宾语从句的陈述语序；一般将来时；when引宾语从句
【解析】【分析】句意：——你知道我们什么时候参观科学博物馆吗？——下周日上午。宾语从句语序是疑问词+陈述句的语序，故排除A和C，根据回答Next Sunday morning，可知时态是一般将来时，故选B。
【点评】考查宾语从句，注意识记疑问词+陈述句的语序，时态的用法。
【答案】11．C；12．A；13．B；14．A；15．D；16．B；17．D；18．A；19．C；20．D
【知识点】故事阅读类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文主要讲述了萨姆在海边捡到一个漂亮的贝壳，等到萨姆带它回家后才发现它是一只寄居蟹，萨姆最终决定将它放归大海。
【点评】考查完形填空，注意瞻前顾后，寻找线索：在填空时，要注意前后文的联系，寻找线索，避免孤立地看待每个空格。可以通过寻找同义词、近义词、反义词等来确定答案。
11．句意：当萨姆和他的奶奶站在沙滩上看日出时，一个完美的贝壳被冲到了岸上。drove开车；swam游泳；washed冲刷；pointed指向。根据下文"Sam quickly picked it up"可知，此处指贝壳被冲上岸。故选C。
12．句意：萨姆自豪地向家人展示他的宝贝。proudly自豪地；shyly害羞地；secretly秘密地；politely礼貌地。结合选项和空后的"his treasure"可知，萨姆很喜欢这个贝壳，把它当做宝贝，所以此处应指他自豪地向家人展示他的宝贝。故选A。
13．句意：第二天，萨姆把贝壳放在他们小屋的架子上，然后和家人去了海边的木板路。found发现；left留下；lost丢失；threw扔。根据空后的"the shell on the shelf"可知，此处表示萨姆把贝壳留在了架子上。故选B。
14．句意：在木板路上，萨姆看到了出售的贝壳，但是没有一个像他的贝壳一样特别。special特别的；big大的；clean干净的；strong强壮的。根据下文"Back at the cottage, he ran to his room to admire (欣赏) the shell."可知，此处表示萨姆认为出售的贝壳都没有他捡到的那个贝壳那么特别，所以他回到木屋就跑去欣赏他的贝壳。故选A。
15．句意：谁在乎你无聊的贝壳？perfect完美的；valuable宝贵的；dangerous危险的；boring无聊的。根据上文"shouted Vikram"可知，维克拉姆很生气，所以他用于形容贝壳的词应该带有贬义，选项中只有boring符合语境。故选D。
16．句意：在每个人最后一次去海滩之前，他检查了他的宝贝两次。shelf架子；treasure宝贝；surprise惊讶；picture图片。根据上文"Sam...showed his treasure to his family."和"Sam didn't say a word but quietly hid the shell under his clothes in a drawer."可知，此处表示萨姆检查了他的贝壳两次，是把贝壳当做他的宝贝。故选B。
17．句意：晚餐时，萨姆研究了他的家人。expected期待；noticed注意到；believed相信；studied研究。根据下文"He thought someone was hiding his shell. Who And why "可知，萨姆认为是家里的某个人藏起了他的贝壳，他在思考是哪个家人以及他这么做的原因，所以此处表示他在研究他的家人。故选D。
18．句意：里面粉红色的贝壳现在有了向门跑去的腿。legs腿；hands手；ears耳朵；eyes眼睛。根据空后的"that raced for the door"可知，此处指腿。故选A。
19．句意：萨姆记得他的贝壳是如何被海水冲上来的。regretted后悔；imagined想象；remembered记得；discovered发现。结合选项和"Sam...how his shell had washed up from the ocean."可知，此处表示萨姆记得他的贝壳是如何被海水冲上来的。故选C。
20．句意：我得归还一份礼物。send寄；receive收到；offer提供；return归还。根据上文"It is a gift from the sea"和"Grandma, will you come to the beach with me again "可推知，萨姆打算把他捡到的寄居蟹放回大海，而他的奶奶曾说过这是来自大海的礼物，所以此处表示归还一份礼物。故选D。
【答案】21．B；22．D；23．C
【知识点】记叙文；身边的事物与环境
【解析】【分析】本文主要介绍了关于打篮球、太空、倾听和朋友关系这四本书，根据人物喜好来匹配书籍。
【点评】考查配对阅读，注意快速阅读：在完成一篇文章后，迅速浏览下一篇文章，寻找与上一篇文章相关的信息。这样可以提高做题效率。
21．根据"I want to learn about…who have explored (探索) the universe."可知，Tony想要读的书是关于探索宇宙的，因此"B. SPACE"中的"In this book, an astronaut named Tim Peake tells their stories."与之相匹配。故选B。
22．根据"I enjoy stories about friendship and personal growth."可知，Betty想要读的书是关于朋友之间的故事，因此"D. ROLLER GIRL"中的"they learn that true friends cheer each other on while trying new activities."与之相匹配。故选D。
23．根据"I am interested in music and love reading stories about musicians."可知，Lily想要的书是关于音乐的，因此"C. LISTEN"中的"She discovered a new way to hear and made beautiful music."与之相匹配。故选C。
【答案】24．D
25．A
26．C
27．D
【知识点】记叙文；环保意识与环保行为；细节理解；推理判断
【解析】【分析】本文讲述了皮特利用等公交车的九分钟，和朋友一起在等车的地方捡垃圾、拔草和画壁画，把那个脏的地方变成一个漂亮干净的地方。
【点评】考查阅读理解，注意回到原文找答案：在回答问题时，要回到原文中寻找答案，尽量选择与原文一致的选项。
24．细节理解题。根据"In the past, it wasn't a fun or pleasant place. There was nowhere nice to walk and the patch next to the station was littered with trash (垃圾)."可知，公交车站周围不是一个令人愉快的地方，因为有很多垃圾，故选D。
25．细节理解题。根据"Then next week, Pete began to pull weeds (杂草). One of his friends came to help. Soon the patch was looking good,"可知，Peter和朋友一起拔草，使那小块地方看起来更漂亮，故选A。
26．推理判断题。根据"That week, he filled his nine minutes each day by picking up the trash."可知，皮特在那小块地方捡垃圾，让那里看起来很干净，因此他是愿意帮忙的。根据"Pete had an idea. He painted a mural (壁画) to cover the dirty words."可知，皮特有了一个主意，他画了一幅壁画来掩盖那些脏话，因此他富有创造性。故选C。
27．推理判断题。本文讲述了皮特通过自己的行动让一个脏的地方看起来很漂亮，因此D项"一点点行动让世界更美好"符合，故选D。
【答案】28．C
29．D
30．D
31．A
【知识点】科幻未来类；说明文；细节理解；推理判断；词义猜测
【解析】【分析】本文主要讲述了外行星的发现改变了科幻小说，而科幻小说以一种方式反映了其时代的知识和发现，这使其成为传播科学的宝贵工具。
【点评】考查阅读理解，注意学习解题技巧：学习一些解题技巧和方法，如速读、寻读、略读等，可以提高阅读效率和准确率。
28．推理判断题。根据第二段"You could start with complex (复杂的) pictures and facts, or you could watch the movie Star Wars where Luke Skywalker sees two suns from his home planet, Tatooine. Which will more easily awaken the interest of a sleepy high school class "可知，你可以从复杂的图片和事实开始，或者你也可以看电影《星球大战》。哪个更容易唤醒昏昏欲睡的高中生的兴趣？由此推知，作者提起《星球大战》是为了展示一种分享科学的有趣的方式。故选C。
29．细节理解题。根据第五段"But what has changed since the discovery of real exoplanets is that the fictional exoplanets have actually become a bit less Earth-like."可知，自从发现外行星，科幻小说中的外行星就不再像地球了。故选D。
30．词义猜测题。根据第六段"According to real science, many exoplanets are very different from Earth and often not in the ‘Goldilocks zone', where conditions are friendlier to life as we know it."可知，Goldilocks zone是指一种地区，那里的条件对我们所知的生命更友好，结合选项可知，Goldilocks zone可能意为"为生命提供生存环境的地方"。故选D。
31．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段"Science fiction, in a way, reflects the knowledge and discoveries of its time. This makes it a valuable tool for science communication. It can introduce people to new scientific ideas in an interesting and understandable way."可知，在某种程度上，科幻小说反映了当时的知识和发现，这使得它成为传播科学的宝贵工具，它能以有趣和易懂的方式向人们介绍新的科学思想。由此推知，作者认为科幻小说在传播科学方面发挥了积极的作用。故选A。
【答案】32．People living along the coasts and rivers of southern China.
33．Because their food on ships was boring, and ketchup made it taste better.
34．By around 1910.
35．The ketchup recipe was changed to make it less expensive for local people, help people store it for a longer time, and satisfy different people's tastes.
【知识点】科普类；说明文
【解析】【分析】本文主要介绍了番茄酱的由来及发展。
【点评】考查任务型阅读，关键在看懂文章，然后根据题目要求作答，注意尽量用文章的语言填写答案。在文章中找不到答案时，要完全理解句子，根据同义词，句型转换的方式找到可以替换文章中的单词，短语或者句子的词。
32．根据"People living along the coasts and rivers of southern China began to make the first ketchup by salting and fermenting (发酵) fish and shrimp."可知，生活在中国南方沿海和河流沿岸的人们开始通过腌制和发酵鱼虾来制作第一种番茄酱。故填People living along the coasts and rivers of southern China。
33．根据"In the early 1600s, British sailors who were traveling to Indonesia began to develop a taste for ketchup. Their food on ships was boring, and ketchup made it taste better."可知，他们船上的食物单调无味，番茄酱让食物味道更好。故填Because their food on ships was boring, and ketchup made it taste better。
34．根据"By around 1910, ketchup began to look like the ketchup we put on McDonald's fries today."可知，直到1910年前后，番茄桨才开始看起来像我们今天吃到的样子。故填By around 1910。
35．根据"But it was expensive, so the British started trying to make their own. A London cookbook from 1742 had a ketchup recipe (配方) with beer, fish, mushrooms, and spices."、"Since tomatoes went bad fast, the company, Heinz, began to use vinegar (醋) in ketchup to make sure it could be stored for a long time."和"So, the makers in America increased ketchup production, creating recipes to satisfy Americans' taste."可知，番茄酱的配方被改变了，使其对当地人来说更便宜，帮助人们储存更长的时间，并满足不同人的口味。故填The ketchup recipe was changed to make it less expensive for local people, help people store it for a longer time, and satisfy different people's tastes。
36．【答案】It's important to get ready for the trip before traveling.
【知识点】汉译英；动名词；固定搭配；动词不定式
【解析】【分析】做某事很重要，it's important to do，为某事做准备，get ready for，旅行，trip，名词，之前，before，介词，旅行，travel，动词，介词后用动名词，故答案为It's important to get ready for the trip before traveling。
【点评】考查汉译英，注意识记it's important to do，get ready for，动名词的用法。
37．【答案】Our teacher always encourages us to take part in after-class activities.
【知识点】汉译英；表示目前存在的状态、性质或经常发生的动作或习惯；固定搭配；动词不定式
【解析】【分析】鼓励某人做某事，encourage sb to do，我们we，这里要用宾格us，总是，always，是一般现在时标志，我们的老师，our teacher，主语，是第三人称单数，故用单三式，参加，take part in，固定搭配，课后活动，after-class activities，故答案为Our teacher always encourages us to take part in after-class activities。
【点评】考查汉译英，注意识记一般现在时，主谓一致，不定式的用法。
38．【答案】So far, Tom & Jerry has been popular for over 80 years.
【知识点】汉译英；过去开始发生的动作一直持续到现在；固定搭配；只能指可数名词单数的代词作主语
【解析】【分析】到目前为止，so far，是现在完成时的标志词，其结构为have/has+动词过去分词，是，be，主语《猫和老鼠》，Tom & Jerry，是名词单数，故用助动词has，be的过去分词是been，流行的，popular，八十多年了，for over 80 years，是一段时间，故答案为So far, Tom & Jerry has been popular for over 80 years.。
【点评】考查汉译英，注意识记现在完成时，主谓一致的用法。
39．【答案】Good friends not only share your happiness, but also help you solve problems.
【知识点】汉译英；表并列关系的连词；表示客观事实或真理；其他语法一致形式
【解析】【分析】好朋友，good friends，名词复数表示泛指做主语，分享，share，动词，帮助，help，动词，描述客观事实用一般现在时，主语是复数，故用动词原形，不但......而且，not only...but also...，并列连词，你，you，宾格，帮助某人做某事，help sb do sth，决绝问题，solve problems，名词复数表示泛指，故答案为Good friends not only share your happiness, but also help you solve problems。
【点评】考查汉译英，注意识记not only...but also...，一般现在时，主谓一致的用法。
40．【答案】Be a better me
There was an experience that helped me grow up. When I was 13 years old, my class chose me to take part in the school speech competition. I was so nervous and unsure of my abilities that I wanted to give up. However, with the encouragement of my class teacher, I decided to take on the challenge and worked hard to prepare for it. During the preparation, I became more creative than before, and also was able to express my thoughts clearly. Finally, I gave it my best. Although I didn't win first prize, I became more confident and improved my writing skills.
This experience taught me something about courage, and the spirit of not giving up helped me grow and become a better me.
【知识点】命题作文；记叙文；自我认识；自我提升
【解析】【分析】这是一篇命题作文，时态为"一般过去时"；根据提示问题，介绍自己的一次经历(如何成为了最好的自己)，并讲述自己从中得到的收获，可适当发挥，注意行文连贯，表述清晰。第一步，整体说明什么使自己成为了更好的自己；第二步，具体介绍自己的一次经历；第三步，讲述自己从中得到的收获。词汇，句式要丰富多样，避免句式单一。可以使用first，second 进行列举，使文章显得更加条理。
【点评】本文结构紧凑，语言简练，要点齐全，亮点词汇，等词汇的使用，使上下文意连接紧密 ，本文还采用了丰富的句型，比如亮点词汇choose sb to do sth选择某人做某事；take part in参加；take on the challenge接受挑战。高分句型When I was 13 years old, my class chose me to take part in the school speech competition.（时间状语从句）；During the preparation, I became more creative than before, and also was able to express my thoughts clearly.（比较级）。
【答案】41．Because a boy in her class called her ugly on the playground.
42．The things I did well or achieved that day, different feelings I'm experiencing, and a few things I like about myself.
43．"Keep an achievements journal" is the easiest one to follow.；Yes, it is. Firstly, it can help them record feelings and thoughts. In this way, they can know themselves better. Secondly, they can also become more confident, so I think it is useful to people with long-lasting low self-esteem.
【知识点】说明文；自我认识；自我提升
【解析】【分析】本文介绍了如何培养自尊的建议。
【点评】考查任务型阅读，关键在看懂文章，然后根据题目要求作答，注意尽量用文章的语言填写答案。在文章中找不到答案时，要完全理解句子，根据同义词，句型转换的方式找到可以替换文章中的单词，短语或者句子的词。
41．根据"I told her a boy in my class had called me ugly on the playground."和"That was the first time I remember feeling bad about myself."可知，因为作者班上的一个男孩在操场上说她丑，她第一次自我感觉不好。故答案为Because a boy in her class called her ugly on the playground。
42．根据"Every day, write down the things you did well or achieved that day in your journal."和"You can also use the journal to keep track (追踪) of different feelings you're experiencing,"和"You can write down a few things you like about yourself as well."可知，作者应对低自尊，建议在日记中写下：那天我做得很好或完成的事情，我正在经历的不同的感觉，以及我喜欢自己的一些事情。故答案为The things I did well or achieved that day, different feelings I'm experiencing, and a few things I like about myself。
43．根据"This could be anything from finishing a task at workplace to making your own lunch— whatever you feel proud of"可知，记日记是最容易遵循的建议，因为可以写任何事情，从完成工作任务到自己做午餐——任何你感到自豪的事情。根据"You can also use the journal to keep track (追踪) of different feelings you're experiencing, finally steering (引导) it back to some positives. You can write down a few things you like about yourself as well. It may feel strange at first, but you'll feel more comfortable when you practise it more."可知，这个建议对长期自卑的人有用，首先，它可以帮助他们记录自己的感受和想法。通过这种方式，他们可以更好地了解自己。其次，他们也可以变得更舒服、自信，所以我认为这对长期自卑的人很有用。故答案为"Keep an achievements journal" is the easiest one to follow；Yes, it is. Firstly, it can help them record feelings and thoughts. In this way, they can know themselves better. Secondly, they can also become more confident, so I think it is useful to people with long-lasting low self-esteem。
1 / 1北京市西城区2023-2024学年八年级下学期期末英语试题
一、单项填空（共10分，每题1分）
1．（2024八下·西城期末）Mrs. Smith has two kids and she often plays tennis with ____ on Sundays.
A．him B．them C．you D．her
【答案】B
【知识点】宾格人称代词
【解析】【分析】句意：史密斯夫人有两个孩子，她经常在星期天和他们一起打网球。A他，B他们，C你，D她，根据two kids，可知是them指代第三人称复数，故选B。
【点评】考查代词，注意识记them的用法。
2．（2024八下·西城期末）During the winter holiday, my family traveled to Hainan ____ plane.
A．in B．on C．by D．to
【答案】C
【知识点】方式介词by
【解析】【分析】句意：寒假的时候，我们一家坐飞机去了海南旅游。A在里面，B在上面，C乘坐，D到，根据plane，可知表示交通方式故用by，故选C。
【点评】考查介词，注意识记by+交通工具的用法。
3．（2024八下·西城期末）Betty and Lily ____ friends since they were 13 years old.
A．were B．are C．have been D．will be
【答案】C
【知识点】过去开始发生的动作一直持续到现在；其他语法一致形式
【解析】【分析】句意：贝蒂和莉莉从 13 岁起就是朋友。A过去式，B一般现在时，C现在完成时，D一般将来时，根据since they were 13 years old，可知是现在完成时标志，故选C。
【点评】考查时态，注意识记现在完成时的用法。
4．（2024八下·西城期末）— Dad, this black shirt ____ very soft. Would you like to try it on — No, thanks. I prefer light colors.
A．tastes B．sounds C．smells D．feels
【答案】D
【知识点】表示感官的连系动词
【解析】【分析】句意：——爸爸，这件黑色衬衫摸起来很柔软。你想试穿一下吗？——不用了，谢谢。我更喜欢浅色。A：唱起来，B：听上去，C：闻上去，D：感觉，根据soft，可知是摸起来很柔软，故选D。
【点评】考查感官动词，注意识记feels的用法。
5．（2024八下·西城期末）—Tim, you need to go now, ____ you will be late for class. —OK, mom. I'm leaving now.
A．or B．but C．and D．so
【答案】A
【知识点】祈使句+and(or)+陈述句
【解析】【分析】句意：——蒂姆，你现在必须走了，不然你上课就要迟到了。——好的，妈妈。我现在就走。A或者，B但是，C并且，D所以，这是祈使句+or+将来时的用法，表示提醒或警告，故选A。
【点评】考查连词，注意识记祈使句+or+将来时的用法。
6．（2024八下·西城期末）—____ do you cook for your family — About twice a week.
A．How long B．How much C．How often D．How many
【答案】C
【知识点】短语辨析；询问频率
【解析】【分析】句意：——您多久为家人做饭一次？——大约一周两次 。A：多长时间，B：多少，修饰不可数名词，C：多久一次，D：多少，修饰名词复数，根据About twice a week，可知提问频率用how
often，故选C。
【点评】考查疑问词辨析，注意识记How often的用法。
7．（2024八下·西城期末）I refuse ____ all the fried food because I want to keep fit.
A．eat B．to eat C．eating D．ate
【答案】B
【知识点】固定搭配；动词不定式
【解析】【分析】句意：我拒绝吃一切油炸食品因为我想保持健康。eat吃，动词。A动词原形，B不定式，C动名词，D过去式，refuse to do，固定搭配，拒绝做某事，故用不定式，故选B。
【点评】考查不定式，注意识记refuse to do的用法。
8．（2024八下·西城期末）—Sam, you ____ the table yet. It's all messy! —Sorry, I'll do it immediately.
A．haven't cleared B．weren't clearing
C．won't clear D．don't clear
【答案】A
【知识点】过去已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响
【解析】【分析】句意：——山姆，你还没收拾桌子呢。太乱了！——抱歉，我马上收拾。clear清理，动词。A现在完成时，B过去进行时，C将来时，D一般现在时，yet是现在完成时否定句标志，故选A。
【点评】考查时态，注意识记现在完成时的用法。
9．（2024八下·西城期末） It ____ the writer several months to finish the book Red Star Over China in the 1930s.
A．takes B．will take C．has taken D．took
【答案】D
【知识点】一般过去时
【解析】【分析】句意：20世纪30年代，作家花了几个月的时间才完成《红星照耀中国》一书。take花费，动词。A单三式，B将来时，C现在完成时，D过去时，根据in the 1930s，可知时态是一般过去时，故选D。
【点评】考查时态，注意识记根据句确定时态和一般过去时的用法。
10．（2024八下·西城期末）—Do you know ____ —Next Sunday morning.
A．when will we visit the Science Museum
B．when we will visit the Science Museum
C．when did we visit the Science Museum
D．when we visited the Science Museum
【答案】B
【知识点】宾语从句的陈述语序；一般将来时；when引宾语从句
【解析】【分析】句意：——你知道我们什么时候参观科学博物馆吗？——下周日上午。宾语从句语序是疑问词+陈述句的语序，故排除A和C，根据回答Next Sunday morning，可知时态是一般将来时，故选B。
【点评】考查宾语从句，注意识记疑问词+陈述句的语序，时态的用法。
二、完形填空（共10分，每题1分）
（2024八下·西城期末） 完形填空
Sam and his family were spending their holiday at the seaside. When Sam and his grandma stood on the beach watching the sunrise, a perfect shell 11． ashore (上岸). Sam quickly picked it up and turned it over. Inside, the shell was as pink as a rabbit's ear!
"It is a gift from the sea," said Grandma, "Take good care of it."" I will," said Sam.
Sam 12． showed his treasure to his family. His parents loved it, but his brother Vikram thought it was nothing special.
The next day, Sam 13． the shell on the shelf in their cottage (小屋) and then went with his family to the boardwalk. Vikram didn't go with them, because he was busy taking pictures.
At the boardwalk, Sam saw shells on sale, but none were as 14． as his. Back at the cottage, he ran to his room to admire (欣赏) the shell. But it was gone!
"Dad, where is my shell " Sam cried.
"Where did you put it " Dad asked.
"I put it on the shelf but it's not there!" answered Sam. Then something caught his eye...under Vikram's bed. "Vikram took it," he said.
"I did not!" shouted Vikram. "I was taking pictures at the beach. Who cares about your 15． shell "
Sam didn't say a word but quietly hid the shell under his clothes in a drawer. He checked on his 16． twice before everyone went to the beach for the last time.
That afternoon, Sam and his family packed (收拾行李) to go home. Sam opened his drawer only to find his shell gone again.
During dinner, Sam 17． his family. He thought someone was hiding his shell. Who And why
Suddenly, his missing shell walked into the room. "Look!" said Sam, pointing.
Everyone looked. The shell that was pink inside now had 18． that raced for the door. It turned out to be a hermit crab. Everyone was amazed. Sam ran over and picked it up. "I'll call you Sandy," said Sam. "You can live at my house."
"He already has a home," said Grandma.
Sam 19． how his shell had washed up from the ocean. That was Sandy's real home. That was where he wanted to be.
" Grandma, will you come to the beach with me again I have to 20． a gift." Grandma smiled.
11．A． drove B． swam C． washed D． pointed
12．A． proudly B． shyly C． secretly D． politely
13．A． found B． left C． lost D． threw
14．A． special B． big C． clean D． strong
15．A． perfect B． valuable C． dangerous D． boring
16．A． shelf B． treasure C． surprise D． picture
17．A． expected B． noticed C． believed D． studied
18．A． legs B． hands C． ears D． eyes
19．A． regretted B． imagined C． remembered D． discovered
20．A． send B． receive C． offer D． return
【答案】11．C；12．A；13．B；14．A；15．D；16．B；17．D；18．A；19．C；20．D
【知识点】故事阅读类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文主要讲述了萨姆在海边捡到一个漂亮的贝壳，等到萨姆带它回家后才发现它是一只寄居蟹，萨姆最终决定将它放归大海。
【点评】考查完形填空，注意瞻前顾后，寻找线索：在填空时，要注意前后文的联系，寻找线索，避免孤立地看待每个空格。可以通过寻找同义词、近义词、反义词等来确定答案。
11．句意：当萨姆和他的奶奶站在沙滩上看日出时，一个完美的贝壳被冲到了岸上。drove开车；swam游泳；washed冲刷；pointed指向。根据下文"Sam quickly picked it up"可知，此处指贝壳被冲上岸。故选C。
12．句意：萨姆自豪地向家人展示他的宝贝。proudly自豪地；shyly害羞地；secretly秘密地；politely礼貌地。结合选项和空后的"his treasure"可知，萨姆很喜欢这个贝壳，把它当做宝贝，所以此处应指他自豪地向家人展示他的宝贝。故选A。
13．句意：第二天，萨姆把贝壳放在他们小屋的架子上，然后和家人去了海边的木板路。found发现；left留下；lost丢失；threw扔。根据空后的"the shell on the shelf"可知，此处表示萨姆把贝壳留在了架子上。故选B。
14．句意：在木板路上，萨姆看到了出售的贝壳，但是没有一个像他的贝壳一样特别。special特别的；big大的；clean干净的；strong强壮的。根据下文"Back at the cottage, he ran to his room to admire (欣赏) the shell."可知，此处表示萨姆认为出售的贝壳都没有他捡到的那个贝壳那么特别，所以他回到木屋就跑去欣赏他的贝壳。故选A。
15．句意：谁在乎你无聊的贝壳？perfect完美的；valuable宝贵的；dangerous危险的；boring无聊的。根据上文"shouted Vikram"可知，维克拉姆很生气，所以他用于形容贝壳的词应该带有贬义，选项中只有boring符合语境。故选D。
16．句意：在每个人最后一次去海滩之前，他检查了他的宝贝两次。shelf架子；treasure宝贝；surprise惊讶；picture图片。根据上文"Sam...showed his treasure to his family."和"Sam didn't say a word but quietly hid the shell under his clothes in a drawer."可知，此处表示萨姆检查了他的贝壳两次，是把贝壳当做他的宝贝。故选B。
17．句意：晚餐时，萨姆研究了他的家人。expected期待；noticed注意到；believed相信；studied研究。根据下文"He thought someone was hiding his shell. Who And why "可知，萨姆认为是家里的某个人藏起了他的贝壳，他在思考是哪个家人以及他这么做的原因，所以此处表示他在研究他的家人。故选D。
18．句意：里面粉红色的贝壳现在有了向门跑去的腿。legs腿；hands手；ears耳朵；eyes眼睛。根据空后的"that raced for the door"可知，此处指腿。故选A。
19．句意：萨姆记得他的贝壳是如何被海水冲上来的。regretted后悔；imagined想象；remembered记得；discovered发现。结合选项和"Sam...how his shell had washed up from the ocean."可知，此处表示萨姆记得他的贝壳是如何被海水冲上来的。故选C。
20．句意：我得归还一份礼物。send寄；receive收到；offer提供；return归还。根据上文"It is a gift from the sea"和"Grandma, will you come to the beach with me again "可推知，萨姆打算把他捡到的寄居蟹放回大海，而他的奶奶曾说过这是来自大海的礼物，所以此处表示归还一份礼物。故选D。
三、阅读选择（共22分，每题2分）
（2024八下·西城期末） 阅读理解
　21． 　 I want to learn about the great people in human history who have explored (探索) the universe. Tony 　22． 　 I enjoy stories about friendship and personal growth. Betty 　23． 　 I am interested in music and love reading stories about musicians. Lily A．SHOOT YOUR SHOTThis book teaches you about the most important rules that the best basketball players use in their lives. It explains how the rules can help you get through life and make your dreams come true. B．SPACE Only 628 people in the history of humans have been to space. In this book, an astronaut named Tim Peake tells their stories. They are all brave and amazing people who have made it possible for us to go to space. C． LISTEN Evelyn fell in love with music the first time she heard it. She started playing the piano at the age of eight. Later, she began to lose her hearing, but Evelyn didn't give up. She discovered a new way to hear and made beautiful music. D．ROLLER GIRL Astrid and Nicole are best friends. But things change when Astrid chooses roller derby camp, and Nicole picks dance camp. This situation tests their friendship. Luckily, by summer's end, they learn that true friends cheer each other on while trying new activities.
【答案】21．B；22．D；23．C
【知识点】记叙文；身边的事物与环境
【解析】【分析】本文主要介绍了关于打篮球、太空、倾听和朋友关系这四本书，根据人物喜好来匹配书籍。
【点评】考查配对阅读，注意快速阅读：在完成一篇文章后，迅速浏览下一篇文章，寻找与上一篇文章相关的信息。这样可以提高做题效率。
21．根据"I want to learn about…who have explored (探索) the universe."可知，Tony想要读的书是关于探索宇宙的，因此"B. SPACE"中的"In this book, an astronaut named Tim Peake tells their stories."与之相匹配。故选B。
22．根据"I enjoy stories about friendship and personal growth."可知，Betty想要读的书是关于朋友之间的故事，因此"D. ROLLER GIRL"中的"they learn that true friends cheer each other on while trying new activities."与之相匹配。故选D。
23．根据"I am interested in music and love reading stories about musicians."可知，Lily想要的书是关于音乐的，因此"C. LISTEN"中的"She discovered a new way to hear and made beautiful music."与之相匹配。故选C。
（2024八下·西城期末） 阅读理解
There is a busy street corner beside a bus station where kids change buses going to and from school. It's not a pretty place. There's noisy traffic and the nearby buildings are gray and unloved. However, it has a patch (小块地) of beauty—a small garden called Pete's Patch.
Pete is one of the kids who wait here to change buses for nine minutes each day. In the past, it wasn't a fun or pleasant place. There was nowhere nice to walk and the patch next to the station was littered with trash (垃圾). Pete had no choice because this was the only way.
He felt like he was wasting his life away. There was nothing to look at, nothing to keep him busy, and hanging around like that each day drove him mad. He knew he couldn't do anything to change the bus company's timetable, but he could make the nine minutes more enjoyable for himself and others.
He asked his mom for some trash bags. That week, he filled his nine minutes each day by picking up the trash. On the weekend, he asked his dad to drive down and take the trash bags to the dump (垃圾场). On Monday morning, the patch looked so much cleaner and nicer.
Then next week, Pete began to pull weeds (杂草). One of his friends came to help. Soon the patch was looking good, but some dirty words on the walls of the bus station were really making him angry.
Pete had an idea. He painted a mural (壁画) to cover the dirty words. When he started to work, more of his school friends joined him each day.
Now Pete and his friends are proud of that patch, and they sure aren't going to let anyone mess it up. They have even planted some fresh flowers. While waiting for their next bus, they walk through the patch and collect trash.
One Monday, however, as he rode the bus to school, Pete looked, as usual, toward the patch. To his surprise, there was a sign on it. His friends had painted it. It read: Pete's Patch.
24．Why wasn't the area around the bus station a pleasant place
A．Because there were too many people.
B．Because the flowers weren't pretty.
C．Because the walls weren't colorful.
D．Because there was a lot of trash.
25．What did Pete do to make the patch look nicer
A．He pulled weeds with his friend.
B．He planted flowers with his mom.
C．He changed the bus company's timetable.
D．He took a picture of the bus station's walls.
26．Which words can best describe Pete
A．Hardworking and shy. B．Humorous and smart.
C．Helpful and creative. D．Polite and brave.
27．What does the story tell us
A．Time flies but memories last forever.
B．Good friends stick together like glue.
C．Parents should always help their kids.
D．A little action makes the world better.
【答案】24．D
25．A
26．C
27．D
【知识点】记叙文；环保意识与环保行为；细节理解；推理判断
【解析】【分析】本文讲述了皮特利用等公交车的九分钟，和朋友一起在等车的地方捡垃圾、拔草和画壁画，把那个脏的地方变成一个漂亮干净的地方。
【点评】考查阅读理解，注意回到原文找答案：在回答问题时，要回到原文中寻找答案，尽量选择与原文一致的选项。
24．细节理解题。根据"In the past, it wasn't a fun or pleasant place. There was nowhere nice to walk and the patch next to the station was littered with trash (垃圾)."可知，公交车站周围不是一个令人愉快的地方，因为有很多垃圾，故选D。
25．细节理解题。根据"Then next week, Pete began to pull weeds (杂草). One of his friends came to help. Soon the patch was looking good,"可知，Peter和朋友一起拔草，使那小块地方看起来更漂亮，故选A。
26．推理判断题。根据"That week, he filled his nine minutes each day by picking up the trash."可知，皮特在那小块地方捡垃圾，让那里看起来很干净，因此他是愿意帮忙的。根据"Pete had an idea. He painted a mural (壁画) to cover the dirty words."可知，皮特有了一个主意，他画了一幅壁画来掩盖那些脏话，因此他富有创造性。故选C。
27．推理判断题。本文讲述了皮特通过自己的行动让一个脏的地方看起来很漂亮，因此D项"一点点行动让世界更美好"符合，故选D。
（2024八下·西城期末） 阅读理解
Research shows that the discovery of exoplanets (planets outside our solar system) has changed science fiction (小说). Now, books and movies present these planets more exactly, making science fiction more important than before.
Imagine learning about stars in a classroom. You could start with complex (复杂的) pictures and facts, or you could watch the movie Star Wars where Luke Skywalker sees two suns from his home planet, Tatooine. Which will more easily awaken the interest of a sleepy high school class
Science fiction has always caught our attention and it has inspired (激励) scientists to go for their dreams. For this reason, it is sometimes used to communicate science to the public, even complex ideas. To be sure that this is a useful way, it is necessary to understand how science fiction shows actual science.
Emma Johanna Puranen and her team from the University of St Andrews and the Austrian Academy of Sciences did some research, studying a lot of science fiction works, including novels, movies, TV shows, podcasts, and video games to see how science fiction reflects (反映) real scientific discoveries about exoplanets. "Most stories that are set in space will finally have a scene (场景) on an exoplanet," explains Puranen. "The reason for using exoplanets is that there was a huge change in our scientific understanding in 1995 when the first exoplanet around a sun-like star was discovered."
"Traditionally in science fiction, mostly there have been Earth-like planets," explains Puranen. "But what has changed since the discovery of real exoplanets is that the fictional exoplanets have actually become a bit less Earth-like."
According to real science, many exoplanets are very different from Earth and often not in the "Goldilocks zone", where conditions are friendlier to life as we know it. "I can guess that maybe writers of science fiction are reading all these headlines about worlds that are covered in lava or where it's raining diamonds, which you see in the media," says Puranen.
Science fiction, in a way, reflects the knowledge and discoveries of its time. This makes it a valuable tool for science communication. It can introduce people to new scientific ideas in an interesting and understandable way.
This research highlights the connection between scientific discoveries and creativity. While exploring the universe, science fiction can develop curiosity (好奇心) and make further research possible, making the subject of exoplanets an important example of how science and imagination improve each other.
28．The writer mentioned the movie Star Wars to ____.
A．explain what an exoplanet is like in a humorous way
B．present the result of the latest research about exoplanets
C．show an interesting way of sharing science with everyone
D．introduce a popular scientific movie by a famous director
29．How has science fiction changed after the discovery of the first exoplanet
A．It gives more attention to Earth.
B．It describes the Earth differently.
C．Science fiction has lost interest in explaining exoplanets.
D．Exoplanets in science fiction have become less Earth-like.
30．The words " Goldilocks zone" in Paragraph 6 most probably mean ____.
A．a space found on an exoplanet
B．an important part of our solar system
C．an area which is good for scientific activities
D．a place that provides living environment for life
31．The writer probably agrees that ____.
A．science fiction has played an active part in communicating science
B．scientific discoveries have slowed the development of imagination
C．science fiction has become less popular because of scientific discoveries
D．new scientific discoveries have made science fiction easier to understand
【答案】28．C
29．D
30．D
31．A
【知识点】科幻未来类；说明文；细节理解；推理判断；词义猜测
【解析】【分析】本文主要讲述了外行星的发现改变了科幻小说，而科幻小说以一种方式反映了其时代的知识和发现，这使其成为传播科学的宝贵工具。
【点评】考查阅读理解，注意学习解题技巧：学习一些解题技巧和方法，如速读、寻读、略读等，可以提高阅读效率和准确率。
28．推理判断题。根据第二段"You could start with complex (复杂的) pictures and facts, or you could watch the movie Star Wars where Luke Skywalker sees two suns from his home planet, Tatooine. Which will more easily awaken the interest of a sleepy high school class "可知，你可以从复杂的图片和事实开始，或者你也可以看电影《星球大战》。哪个更容易唤醒昏昏欲睡的高中生的兴趣？由此推知，作者提起《星球大战》是为了展示一种分享科学的有趣的方式。故选C。
29．细节理解题。根据第五段"But what has changed since the discovery of real exoplanets is that the fictional exoplanets have actually become a bit less Earth-like."可知，自从发现外行星，科幻小说中的外行星就不再像地球了。故选D。
30．词义猜测题。根据第六段"According to real science, many exoplanets are very different from Earth and often not in the ‘Goldilocks zone', where conditions are friendlier to life as we know it."可知，Goldilocks zone是指一种地区，那里的条件对我们所知的生命更友好，结合选项可知，Goldilocks zone可能意为"为生命提供生存环境的地方"。故选D。
31．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段"Science fiction, in a way, reflects the knowledge and discoveries of its time. This makes it a valuable tool for science communication. It can introduce people to new scientific ideas in an interesting and understandable way."可知，在某种程度上，科幻小说反映了当时的知识和发现，这使得它成为传播科学的宝贵工具，它能以有趣和易懂的方式向人们介绍新的科学思想。由此推知，作者认为科幻小说在传播科学方面发挥了积极的作用。故选A。
四、阅读表达（共10分）
（2024八下·西城期末） 阅读表达
Did you know tomato ketchup, the most popular sauce (酱), was invented in China It dates back thousands of years. People living along the coasts and rivers of southern China began to make the first ketchup by salting and fermenting (发酵) fish and shrimp. At first, this early ketchup was known only in southern China. After around 200 B．C． (Han Dynasty), the fish sauce became popular in the whole country, especially in a place called Fujian. There, the sauce got the name ketchup, which means fish sauce in Hokkien, the language of southern Fujian. Later, people from Fujian began to travel to places like Indonesia, where they built factories for making traditional Chinese sauces like ketchup—and that's where the British first discovered it.
In the early 1600s, British sailors who were traveling to Indonesia began to develop a taste for ketchup. Their food on ships was boring, and ketchup made it taste better. Before long, they brought lots of ketchup home. But it was expensive, so the British started trying to make their own. A London cookbook from 1742 had a ketchup recipe (配方) with beer, fish, mushrooms, and spices.
It was in the mid-1800s that the British started using tomatoes in ketchup. This was different from the fishy ketchup. Since tomatoes went bad fast, the company, Heinz, began to use vinegar (醋) in ketchup to make sure it could be stored for a long time.
In the late 1800s, ketchup production and popularity began to rise in America. So, the makers in America increased ketchup production, creating recipes to satisfy Americans' taste. It was a bit sweeter and thicker than British ketchup. By around 1910, ketchup began to look like the ketchup we put on McDonald's fries today.
However, there are also some differences between the ketchup of 1910 and today. In today's ketchup, corn syrup (玉米糖浆) is used, not sugar. What's more, to meet people's needs for a healthy lifestyle, some companies also make healthier ones without sugar.
From a fishy sauce in ancient Asia to a "goes-great-with-everything" sauce, ketchup has a long history full of changes.
32． Who made the first ketchup 　 　
33． Why did British sailors like ketchup 　 　
34． When did ketchup begin to look like the one we eat today 　 　
35． From a fishy sauce to today's ketchup, what are the reasons for changing the ketchup recipe (At least 3 reasons) 　 　
【答案】32．People living along the coasts and rivers of southern China.
33．Because their food on ships was boring, and ketchup made it taste better.
34．By around 1910.
35．The ketchup recipe was changed to make it less expensive for local people, help people store it for a longer time, and satisfy different people's tastes.
【知识点】科普类；说明文
【解析】【分析】本文主要介绍了番茄酱的由来及发展。
【点评】考查任务型阅读，关键在看懂文章，然后根据题目要求作答，注意尽量用文章的语言填写答案。在文章中找不到答案时，要完全理解句子，根据同义词，句型转换的方式找到可以替换文章中的单词，短语或者句子的词。
32．根据"People living along the coasts and rivers of southern China began to make the first ketchup by salting and fermenting (发酵) fish and shrimp."可知，生活在中国南方沿海和河流沿岸的人们开始通过腌制和发酵鱼虾来制作第一种番茄酱。故填People living along the coasts and rivers of southern China。
33．根据"In the early 1600s, British sailors who were traveling to Indonesia began to develop a taste for ketchup. Their food on ships was boring, and ketchup made it taste better."可知，他们船上的食物单调无味，番茄酱让食物味道更好。故填Because their food on ships was boring, and ketchup made it taste better。
34．根据"By around 1910, ketchup began to look like the ketchup we put on McDonald's fries today."可知，直到1910年前后，番茄桨才开始看起来像我们今天吃到的样子。故填By around 1910。
35．根据"But it was expensive, so the British started trying to make their own. A London cookbook from 1742 had a ketchup recipe (配方) with beer, fish, mushrooms, and spices."、"Since tomatoes went bad fast, the company, Heinz, began to use vinegar (醋) in ketchup to make sure it could be stored for a long time."和"So, the makers in America increased ketchup production, creating recipes to satisfy Americans' taste."可知，番茄酱的配方被改变了，使其对当地人来说更便宜，帮助人们储存更长的时间，并满足不同人的口味。故填The ketchup recipe was changed to make it less expensive for local people, help people store it for a longer time, and satisfy different people's tastes。
五、根据中文意思和英文提示词语写出句子。（共8分，每题2分）
36．（2024八下·西城期末）旅行之前做好准备很重要。（get ready）（汉译英）
【答案】It's important to get ready for the trip before traveling.
【知识点】汉译英；动名词；固定搭配；动词不定式
【解析】【分析】做某事很重要，it's important to do，为某事做准备，get ready for，旅行，trip，名词，之前，before，介词，旅行，travel，动词，介词后用动名词，故答案为It's important to get ready for the trip before traveling。
【点评】考查汉译英，注意识记it's important to do，get ready for，动名词的用法。
37．（2024八下·西城期末）老师总是鼓励我们参加课后活动。(after-class activities)（汉译英）
【答案】Our teacher always encourages us to take part in after-class activities.
【知识点】汉译英；表示目前存在的状态、性质或经常发生的动作或习惯；固定搭配；动词不定式
【解析】【分析】鼓励某人做某事，encourage sb to do，我们we，这里要用宾格us，总是，always，是一般现在时标志，我们的老师，our teacher，主语，是第三人称单数，故用单三式，参加，take part in，固定搭配，课后活动，after-class activities，故答案为Our teacher always encourages us to take part in after-class activities。
【点评】考查汉译英，注意识记一般现在时，主谓一致，不定式的用法。
38．（2024八下·西城期末）到目前为止，《猫和老鼠》（Tom & Jerry）已经流行八十多年了。（so far）（汉译英）
【答案】So far, Tom & Jerry has been popular for over 80 years.
【知识点】汉译英；过去开始发生的动作一直持续到现在；固定搭配；只能指可数名词单数的代词作主语
【解析】【分析】到目前为止，so far，是现在完成时的标志词，其结构为have/has+动词过去分词，是，be，主语《猫和老鼠》，Tom & Jerry，是名词单数，故用助动词has，be的过去分词是been，流行的，popular，八十多年了，for over 80 years，是一段时间，故答案为So far, Tom & Jerry has been popular for over 80 years.。
【点评】考查汉译英，注意识记现在完成时，主谓一致的用法。
39．（2024八下·西城期末）好朋友不仅能分享你的快乐，还能帮你解决问题。（not only...but also...）（汉译英）
【答案】Good friends not only share your happiness, but also help you solve problems.
【知识点】汉译英；表并列关系的连词；表示客观事实或真理；其他语法一致形式
【解析】【分析】好朋友，good friends，名词复数表示泛指做主语，分享，share，动词，帮助，help，动词，描述客观事实用一般现在时，主语是复数，故用动词原形，不但......而且，not only...but also...，并列连词，你，you，宾格，帮助某人做某事，help sb do sth，决绝问题，solve problems，名词复数表示泛指，故答案为Good friends not only share your happiness, but also help you solve problems。
【点评】考查汉译英，注意识记not only...but also...，一般现在时，主谓一致的用法。
六、文段表达（10分）
40．（2024八下·西城期末）请根据中文和英文提示，完成一篇不少于40词的文段写作。所给提示词语仅供选用。
在我们的人生旅程中，"做更好的自己"是一个永恒的主题：从学习新技能到发展爱好，从建立友谊到学会担当，都是不断克服困难、自我提升的过程。
假如你是李华，学校英文网站正在开展以"Be a better me"为题目的征文活动。请你向网站投稿，分享一次经历。
内容包括：什么使你成为了更好的自己，你经历了什么，你从中收获了什么。
提示词语：confident，experience，nervous，grow，improve。
提示问题：1. What made you "a better you" 2. What happened 3. What have you learned from it
Be a better me
【答案】Be a better me
There was an experience that helped me grow up. When I was 13 years old, my class chose me to take part in the school speech competition. I was so nervous and unsure of my abilities that I wanted to give up. However, with the encouragement of my class teacher, I decided to take on the challenge and worked hard to prepare for it. During the preparation, I became more creative than before, and also was able to express my thoughts clearly. Finally, I gave it my best. Although I didn't win first prize, I became more confident and improved my writing skills.
This experience taught me something about courage, and the spirit of not giving up helped me grow and become a better me.
【知识点】命题作文；记叙文；自我认识；自我提升
【解析】【分析】这是一篇命题作文，时态为"一般过去时"；根据提示问题，介绍自己的一次经历(如何成为了最好的自己)，并讲述自己从中得到的收获，可适当发挥，注意行文连贯，表述清晰。第一步，整体说明什么使自己成为了更好的自己；第二步，具体介绍自己的一次经历；第三步，讲述自己从中得到的收获。词汇，句式要丰富多样，避免句式单一。可以使用first，second 进行列举，使文章显得更加条理。
【点评】本文结构紧凑，语言简练，要点齐全，亮点词汇，等词汇的使用，使上下文意连接紧密 ，本文还采用了丰富的句型，比如亮点词汇choose sb to do sth选择某人做某事；take part in参加；take on the challenge接受挑战。高分句型When I was 13 years old, my class chose me to take part in the school speech competition.（时间状语从句）；During the preparation, I became more creative than before, and also was able to express my thoughts clearly.（比较级）。
七、选做题（共10分）
（2024八下·西城期末）阅读短文，根据短文内容回答问题。
How to Work on Your Self-esteem (自尊心)
At about six years old, my mum was brushing my hair one morning before school when I asked her a question. "Am I ugly " I asked, looking at her and my reflection in the mirror before me. She said no, and asked me where this question was coming from. I told her a boy in my class had called me ugly on the playground.
That was the first time I remember feeling bad about myself. But that was just the beginning of a very long and troubled relationship with myself. That boy on the playground was for from the last person to call me ugly. He was certainly not the last person to make me question my sense of self. I know I'm not alone in feeling this way, and you might have a similar story about the first time you ever wondered aloud or quietly whether or not you were "ugly", whether you were "not smart", or whether you were a "bad person". So here are some tips (建议) to anyone who has ever wondered what to do about long-lasting low self-esteem.
Challenge your negative thoughts
Negative (负面的) thoughts can make you believe that many of the terrible things you've thought about yourself are true. Every time you think or say something negative about yourself challenge it by telling yourself of something you did well or succeeded in.
You shouldn't believe everything you think. If you often find yourself expecting the worst, you might form a way of thinking that isn't quite right. Researchers suggest paying attention to your way of thinking, and thinking it over again if you notice you're often too hard on yourself.
Keep an achievements journal
Every day, write down the things you did well or achieved that day in your journal. This could be anything from finishing a task at workplace to making your own lunch— whatever you feel proud of.
You can also use the journal to keep track (追踪) of different feelings you're experiencing, finally steering (引导) it back to some positives. You can write down a few things you like about yourself as well. It may feel strange at first, but you'll feel more comfortable when you practise it more.
Avoid comparing yourself to others
It's really hard to avoid comparing yourself to others—especially if you spend much time on social media. If you' re worried about social media's influence on your self-esteem, unfollow what makes you feel bad about yourself.
You should tell yourself that life isn't a competition. Every person is valuable and has his own successes and failings. The only person you need to compare yourself to is you.
41． Why did the writer feel bad about herself for the first time
42． What does the writer suggest writing in a journal to deal with low self-esteem
43． ①Which tip do you think is the easiest one to follow
　 　
②Is the tip useful to people with long-lasting low self-esteem Why or why not
　 　
【答案】41．Because a boy in her class called her ugly on the playground.
42．The things I did well or achieved that day, different feelings I'm experiencing, and a few things I like about myself.
43．"Keep an achievements journal" is the easiest one to follow.；Yes, it is. Firstly, it can help them record feelings and thoughts. In this way, they can know themselves better. Secondly, they can also become more confident, so I think it is useful to people with long-lasting low self-esteem.
【知识点】说明文；自我认识；自我提升
【解析】【分析】本文介绍了如何培养自尊的建议。
【点评】考查任务型阅读，关键在看懂文章，然后根据题目要求作答，注意尽量用文章的语言填写答案。在文章中找不到答案时，要完全理解句子，根据同义词，句型转换的方式找到可以替换文章中的单词，短语或者句子的词。
41．根据"I told her a boy in my class had called me ugly on the playground."和"That was the first time I remember feeling bad about myself."可知，因为作者班上的一个男孩在操场上说她丑，她第一次自我感觉不好。故答案为Because a boy in her class called her ugly on the playground。
42．根据"Every day, write down the things you did well or achieved that day in your journal."和"You can also use the journal to keep track (追踪) of different feelings you're experiencing,"和"You can write down a few things you like about yourself as well."可知，作者应对低自尊，建议在日记中写下：那天我做得很好或完成的事情，我正在经历的不同的感觉，以及我喜欢自己的一些事情。故答案为The things I did well or achieved that day, different feelings I'm experiencing, and a few things I like about myself。
43．根据"This could be anything from finishing a task at workplace to making your own lunch— whatever you feel proud of"可知，记日记是最容易遵循的建议，因为可以写任何事情，从完成工作任务到自己做午餐——任何你感到自豪的事情。根据"You can also use the journal to keep track (追踪) of different feelings you're experiencing, finally steering (引导) it back to some positives. You can write down a few things you like about yourself as well. It may feel strange at first, but you'll feel more comfortable when you practise it more."可知，这个建议对长期自卑的人有用，首先，它可以帮助他们记录自己的感受和想法。通过这种方式，他们可以更好地了解自己。其次，他们也可以变得更舒服、自信，所以我认为这对长期自卑的人很有用。故答案为"Keep an achievements journal" is the easiest one to follow；Yes, it is. Firstly, it can help them record feelings and thoughts. In this way, they can know themselves better. Secondly, they can also become more confident, so I think it is useful to people with long-lasting low self-esteem。
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