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新概念英语1：Lesson 123-124笔记
Lesson 123-124 单词讲解
1. during ['dj r ] 在…… 期间
I read a lot of books during my summer vacation. 我在暑假期间读了很多书。
She kept on talking during the meal. 整个用餐期间她一直讲个不停。
2. trip [tr p] 旅行
go on a trip/take a trip 去旅行
I'll take a trip to Paris soon. 我很快要去巴黎旅行。
3. travel ['tr vl] 旅行
过去式和过去分词：travelled/travelled（英式拼法）或 traveled/traveled（美式拼法）
I'm not rich enough to travel around the world.我不够富有，无法环游世界。
I'm too poor to travel to the United States. 我太穷了，不能去美国旅行。
4. offer [' f ] 提供
offer sb. sth/offer sth. to sb. 向某人提供某物
She offered him a cup of tea. 她给了他一杯茶。
The school offers free education to children. 这个学校为孩子们提供免费的教育。
She offered me a job last year. 她去年给我提供了一份工作。
5. job [d b] 工作
It's difficult to find a good job. 找到一份好工作很难。
If you don't work hard, you'll lose your job.如果你不努力工作，你就会失业。
拓展：
job n. 工作 ，表示职业，是可数名词
He has a good job.
work n. 工作，表示“活儿”， 不可数名词
I have a lot of work to do. 我有许多工作要做。
6. guess [ɡes] 猜
I can't guess what's in the gift box. 我猜不出礼物盒里是什么。
I guess 我想，我认为
I guess it's time for lunch. 我想该吃午饭了。
7. grow [ɡr ] 长，让...... 生长
My mom planted some flowers in the garden last week, and now they are growing beautifully. 我妈妈上周在花园里种了一些花，现在它们长得非常漂亮。
My hair has grown too long. 我的头发已经长得很长了。
grow up 长大
What do you want to do when you grow up 你长大后想做什么？
拓展：grow 种植，蓄，留（毛发或指甲）
My brother grows a beard. 我哥哥留胡子。
8. beard [b d]（下巴上的）胡子，络腮胡子
Why don't you shave your beard off 你怎麽不把胡子刮掉
拓展：moustache [m 'stɑ ] n. 小胡子；八字须
9. kitten ['k tn] 小猫
The kitten is playing with a ball happily. 小猫正在开心地玩球。
Lesson 123课文讲解
1. A trip to Australia 澳大利亚之行
to去往......
a trip to Shanghai 上海之行
a train to London 开往伦敦的火车
2. This is a photograph I took during my trip to Australia. 这是到澳大利亚旅行时拍的一张照片。
这句话中的I took during my trip to Australia是一个定语从句，用来修饰 a photograph; 由于所修饰的名词在从句中作动词took的宾语，因此，引导从句的关系代词 that 往往省略。
take a photo 照相
3. They're people I met during the trip. 他们是我旅行时认识的人。
情况与2 相同，关系代词 whom 往往省略。
4. That's the ship we travelled on. 这就是我们所乘坐的那条船。
5. What a beautiful ship! 多漂亮的船啊！
6. That's the man I told you about. 这就是我跟你说过的那个人。
7．That's right.对。
这句是对上面附加疑问句的回答。上面一句虽用否定形式提问，但回答则根据事实来决定是用肯定或是否定形式。That's right是肯定的回答，相当于Yes, it is（那正是我）。
8．I grew a beard during the trip, but I shaved it off when I came home.我在旅行时留了胡子，但我回到家时就把它刮了。
grow a beard 留胡子
shave it off 把胡子刮掉。it指 a beard。
9．定语成分
1). The man standing behind the counter served me.
The men repairing the road is making all that noise.
standing behind the counter和 repairing the road是现在分词短语作后置定语，分别修饰 The man和The men。
2). She is the woman I served yesterday.
They are the men I saw yesterday.
I served yesterday 和I saw yesterday 是定语从句，分别修饰the man, the woman和the men。此处关系代词 whom省略了。
3). This is the book I bought yesterday.
This is the kitten I found in the garden .
I bought yesterday和I found in the garden是定语从句，分别修饰 the book和 the kitten。关系代词which或 that 省略了。
Lesson 123 语法讲解
由what 和how 引导的感叹句
1. what 引导的感叹句主要是强调名词，即“什么”。例如：
What a beautiful flower (it is)! 它是一朵多么美丽的花啊!
What a lovely baby (she is)! 她真是个可爱的小宝宝！
What a strong wind ( it is blowing) ! 风刮得真大啊！
What a big house ( they have) ! 他们有一座多么大的房子啊！
What delicious food (you've cooked) ! 你做的食物真美味！
2. how 引导的感叹句中，how 修饰的是形容词或副词，即“怎么样”
How fast he runs! 他跑得真快！
How happy we are! 我们多开心啊！
How beautifully she sings! 她唱得真好听！
How happily the children are playing! 孩子们玩得多开心啊！
3. what和 how 引导的感叹句常常可以互换。
What a beautiful skirt (it is )!=How beautiful the skirt is!
What bad weather (it is )! =How bad the weather is!
What cute dogs (they are)!=How cute the dogs are!
4. 感叹句的“做题步骤” （一般用法）
步骤1：去掉主谓（从后往前找动词，动词前是主语）
步骤2：感叹名词用what, 感叹形容词副词用how
课堂小练习
关于感叹句选择题：
（ ）1. _____ beautiful flowers they are!
A. How B. What C. What a D. How a
（ ）2. _____ fast time flies!
A. What B. What a C. How D. How a
（ ）3. _____ delicious the cake tastes!
A. What B. How C. What a D. How a
（ ）4. _____ kind person you are!
A. How B. How a C. What D. What a
（ ）5. _____ wonderful news it is!
A. How B. How a C. What D. What a
定语从句的填空题（写多个）：
1. The man _____________ helped me find my lost keys is a true friend.
2. The book __________________ I borrowed from the library is very interesting.
3. She is the teacher _________________ teaches us English grammar.
4. The woman ________________ I gave the flowers to was very happy.
新概念英语1：Lesson 125-126笔记
Lesson 125 & 126 单词讲解
1. water ['w t ] v. 浇水
I have watered the flowers. 我已经给花浇好水了。
The man who is watering the flowers is my cousin. 那个正在给花浇水的男人是我的表哥。
2. terribly ['ter bli] adv. 非常
I was terribly nervous during the exam. 我在考试中异常紧张。
The movie that we watched last night was terribly boring. 我们昨晚看的那部电影无聊透顶。
She's terribly tired after her hard work.
3. dry [dra ] adj. 干燥的，干的
The soil is too dry to plant flowers. 土壤太干不能种花。
反义词： wet
4. nuisance ['nju sns] n. 讨厌的东西或人
What a nuisance! 真讨厌！
5．mean [mi n] v.意味着，意思是
mean-meant-meant
His smile meant he was happy. 他的微笑意味着他很高兴。
Her son means everything to her. 她的儿子对她来说意味着一切。
What does this word mean 这个单词是什么意思？
What do you mean 你是什么意思？
It means (that) ...... “它意味着”或“这表示”
It means I can go to the park with my friends. 这意味着我可以和朋友们一起去公园。
6. surprise [s 'pra z] n. 惊奇，意外的事
It was such a pleasant surprise. 这真是一个令人愉快的惊喜。
What a big surprise. 真是一个大惊喜！
7. immediately [ 'mi di tli] adv.立即地
She recognized him immediately as soon as he walked into the room.
他一走进房间，她立刻就认出了他。
Lesson 125 课文讲解
1．Can't you come in and have tea now, Peter 彼得,你现在能进来喝茶吗？
这是否定疑问句，表示邀请。请参见 Lessons 77～78语法部分。
2. Not yet. I must water the garden first. 还不能。我得先给花园浇水。
first首先
Let's clean the room first, and then we can have dinner.
我们先打扫房间，然后再吃晚饭。
3．Don't you remember 你不记得了吗？
这也是否定疑问句。
4. Well, I will have tea by myself. 好吧，我将一个人喝茶了。
by 的用法总结：
1).乘坐（交通工具等）
by bike/car/bus/train/plane/ship...
I go to work by bus.（我乘公交车上班。）
2).不迟于...
I must finish my homework by 10 pm.（我必须在晚上10点前完成作业。）
3).表示“方式或手段”
I learned English by watching movies. 我通过看电影学习英语。
4）. 固定搭配
by oneself 单独地,独自地
She went to the movies by herself yesterday. （她昨天独自去看了电影。）
I finished the project by myself. （我独自完成了这个项目。）
5. Have you finished already 你已经浇完了？
在更正式的场合或书面语中，可能会避免在疑问句中使用"already"，或者将其放在句子的其他位置以符合语法规则或表达习惯。但在日常口语交流中，这种用法是完全可以接受的。
“already”在一般疑问句“Have you finished already ”中放在句末，是为了强调对方可能出乎意料地提前完成了某事，传达了惊讶或好奇的情感。这种用法在口语中较常见。
Have you finished your homework already I thought you said you'd start later. 你已经完成作业了吗？我以为你说过要晚点才开始的。
（在这里，“already”同样强调了对方完成作业的速度之快，与说话者的预期不符。）
6．That means you don't need to water the garden. 那意味着你不必给花园浇水了。
don't need to= needn't=don’t have to 。
表示“不必”，是must和 have to的一般现在时否定式。
7．That was a pleasant surprise. It means I can have tea, instead.
这是意想不到的好事。这意味着我反倒可以喝茶了。
a pleasant surprise,意想不到的好事，令人惊喜的事。
Lesson 125-126 语法讲解
一.have to 的用法：
1. 特殊的情态动词 have to
含义：“必须/不得不”，表示客观上需要，强调被迫性。
I have to work every day. 我不得不每天工作。
You have to be in hospital. 你不得不住院。
"have to" 是一种半情态动词（semi-modal verb），因为它具有情态动词的某些特性（如后接动词原形），但又有动词的某些特征（如时态和人称变化）。
"have to "的否定句和一般疑问句要借助do 的适当形式。
have to 用于一般现在时
I have to work every day.
I don't have to work every day.
Do you have to work every day
Why do you have to work every day
She has to work every day.
She doesn't have to work every day.
Does she have to work every day
Why does she have to work every day
have to 用于一般过去时
She had to finish her homework last night.
She didn't have to finish her homework last night.
Did she have to finish her homework last night
have to 用于一般将来时
I will have to stay at home tomorrow.
I won't have to stay at home tomorrow.
Will you have to stay at home tomorrow
2. must 与 have to 的区别
1). must 表示主观意志，而 have to 表示由于客观因素不得不做某事
I like English. I must study English hard. 我喜欢英语，我必须努力学习英语。
I don't like English. But I have to study English. 我不喜欢英语，但是我不得不学习英语。
2). 用于否定句时，mustn't表示禁止，而 don't have to 表示不必。
A. don't have to “不必”，英式英语中常用 needn't 代替。
You don't have to come early. = You needn't come early. 你不一定要早来。
B. mustn't 表示一定不要
You mustn't come early. 你一定不要早来。（Don't come early.)
3). must 与have to 的其他用法
A. must 一般疑问句和肯定句的回答。
Must she go to school tomorrow
回答：Yes, she must. /No, she doesn't have to./No, she needn't .(不用mustn't)
B. must 还可以表示推测，意为“一定，准是”。
The letter must be from her pen pal. 这封信一定是她笔友寄来的。
C. "have to " 还可以用在其他情态动词之后。
We may have to take military action. 我们可能不得不采取军事行动。
例题：
（ ）1. You have to ______ the book in two weeks, or you must renew(续借) it.
A. returned B. returning C. return back D. return
（ ）2. It's raining heavily outside. He _______ cancel (取消）his plan to go swimming.
A. must B. have to C. has to D. must have
（ ）3. You ______ cross the road on a red light.
A. must B. mustn't C. have to D. don't have to
( )4. The schoolbag ______ be Tom's. Here, his name is on it.
A. may B. could C. must D. might
( )5. A hard-working man ________ become a great scientist, but a great scientist _______ be a hard-working man.
A. may not ; must B. may not; can C. can't ; must
二. 既可以作动词也可以作名词的单词总结
Theair is fresh. 空气清新。
Open the window and air the kitchen. 打开窗户, 让厨房通下气。
What is the color 什么颜色的？
Color the picture. 给图片上色。
I like milk. 我喜欢牛奶。
Milk it. 给它（奶牛）挤奶。
This is my book. 这是我的书。
Book a ticket. 预定一张票。
There is some water in the glass. 杯子里有水。
Water the flower. 给花浇水。
There is some dust. 那有灰尘。
Dust the table. 把桌上的灰尘清扫掉。
I forgot my phone at school. 我把手机忘在学校了。
I phoned my mom to say I was on my way home. 我给妈妈打了电话，告诉她我在回家的路上。
It is a great piece of paint. 这是一幅绘画杰作。
I personally think we should paint the wall yellow. 我个人认为墙壁应该粉刷成黄色。

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