资源简介

小学英语语法
第 1讲 字母
1、英语中共有 26个字母。Aa，Ee，Ii，Oo，Uu是元音字母，Yy是半元音字母，
其余是辅音
字母。
英语单词就是由这 26 个字母组合而成的。Aa 和 Ii 可以独立成词，分别表示“一个
（张……）”和“我”的意思，Ii翻译成“我”时要大写。
2、英语字母可以分为印刷体和书写体。在书、报、杂志上见到的一般都是印刷体。
在四线三格上书写时应注意书写位置，可以记住以下口诀：大写字母不顶格，小写
字母占满格。书写时还要注意字母的笔顺。
3、英语句子的第一个单词的首字母要大写。单词与单词之间在书写时必须保持适当
的距离，一般以空出一个小写字母的宽度为宜。句子的末尾要有标点符号。
4、英语中的句号是一个实心圆点(.)，省略号是三个居下的实心圆点（…），英语中
没有顿号和书名号，顿号用逗号替代，书名用斜体字表示。
5、英语缩写词
PRC中华人民共和国 USA 美国 UK 英国
UN 联合国 HK 香港 SOS 国际求救信号
WHO 世界卫生组织 WTO 世界贸易组织 UFO 不明飞行物
NBA美国职业篮球联 CBA 中国男子篮球联赛 VIP 贵宾
KFC 肯德基 ATM 自动柜员机 EMS邮政特快专递
IT 信息技术 ID 身份证 IQ 智商
EQ 情商 CPU 中央处理器 RMB 人民币
CCTV 中国中央电视 BBC 英国广播公司 VOA 美国之音
kg 千克 cm 厘米 No. 号码
a.m. 上午 p.m. 下午
6、 26个英语字母按照相同的元音因素进行归类：
/ e / Aa Hh Jj Kk
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/ i: / Ee Bb Cc Dd Gg Pp Tt Vv (Zz)
/ a / Ii Yy
/ / Oo
/ju:/ Uu Qq Ww
/ e / Ff Ll Mm Nn Ss Xx Zz
/ɑ: / Rr
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第 2讲 语音
1、音素：语音的最小单位。
英语中共有 48个音素，其中元音音素 20个，辅音音素 28个。
元 单元音 /i:/,/ /,/ :/,/ /,/ɑ:/,/ /,/ :/,/ /,/u:/,/ /,/e/,/ /
音 双元音 /e /,/a /,/ /,/ /,/a /,/ /,/e /,/ /
辅 清辅音 /p/,/t/,/k/,/t /,/tr/,/ts/,/f/,/θ/,/s/,/∫/,/h/
音 浊辅音 /b/,/d/,/g/,/d /,/dr/,/dz/,/V/,/ /,/z/,/ /,/r/,/m/,/n/,/ /,/l/,/w/,/j/
2、元音：发音时气流不受阻碍。元音分为单元音和双元音两类。
单元音发音时唇形和舌位不变；双元音发音时由一个元音向另一个
元音滑动，唇形和舌位有一个变化过程，且前重后轻，前长后短。
3、辅音：发音时气流受到阻碍。辅音分为清辅音和浊辅音两类。
清辅音发音时声带不振动；浊辅音发音时声带振动。
4、音标：用来记录音素的符号。为了避免与字母混淆，音标被放在斜括号/ /内。
5、英语中的一个字母或字母组合在不同的单词中发音可能是不一样的，而相同的
发音对应的字母或字母组合也可能不完全相同。
6、开音节：以元音字母结尾或以一个元音字母加一个辅音字母再加不发音的 e结尾
（r除外）的音节。元音字母在开音节中读长音，即该字母的名称音。
闭音节：以一个或几个辅音字母（r除外）结尾。元音字母在闭音节中读短音。
a e i o u
/e / /i:/ /a / / / /ju:/ or /u:/
开音节
name we she hi white go note use
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/ / /e/ / / / / / /
闭音节
map desk sit clock cup
一、元音
前元音：[ i: ] [ i ] [ e ] [ ]
[ i: ]
发音组合: e ee ea ie ei
代表单词: me he we even
bee feel breeze（微风，简单的事） deep free Seat（座位） beat
（打,击,敲;冲击）
lead（引领，最前端） tea eat reason
Grief（悲痛，伤痛） believe achieve
Receive（收到，接收） conceive(构想，想象)
[ i ]
发音组合: i
代表单词: sit bit kick pick wish
[ e ]
发音组合: e ea a
代表单词：pen ten best beg egg net
bread heaven（天堂，天国）
marry any many
[ ]
发音组合: a
代表单词: cap map bad mad（ 发疯的,发狂的） bank thank lamp（灯,油灯,灯火）
中元音：[ :] [ ]
[ : ]
发音组合：or ir er ur ear
代表单词：work worker worm(蠕虫, 使缓慢前进 bird dirt(污物;) affirm(断言,申明) term
Burn（烧毁）
surf（碎浪,海浪;浪花） Pearl（珍珠） learn
[ ]
发音组合：a er or
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代表单词：appear arise again alike a man a pen teacher mother brother driver
anger doctor
actor tutor（家庭教师,私人教师）
famous jealous（妒忌的，吃醋的）
后元音: [a:] [ ] [u:] [u] [ :] [ ]
[a:]
发音组合：ar ear al
代表单词：far dark hart farm garden
bar star heart half
[ ]
发音组合：u o
代表单词：up cut but bus luck butter(奶油)
Monk(和尚) onion(洋葱)
[u:]
发音组合：oo o ou u
代表单词：food fool(蠢人) boom( (雷,大炮等的)隆隆声) cool hoop(铁圈，戒指，耳环)
pool（水塘,水池）
shoot （发射，放射）tomb group blue
clue（提示，线索） rule truth
conclude（推断出，结束）
[u]
发音组合：oo u ou
代表单词：foot good cook（煮，烧） hook（钩，挂钩） took Pull（拉,拖,牵,拽;搬走）
full bull（公牛，壮汉，） should
[ :]
发音组合：a oo aw ou ore au or ar
代表单词：talk ball hall( 会堂;大厅) call door floor Law(法律) saw bought
fought(fight的过去式和过去分词，打仗;搏斗;打架;奋斗)
thought before ignore caught naughty( 顽皮的,淘气的;撒野的) nautical(海上的;船员的;
船舶的;航海的) force born sort( 种类,品种,类型 ) warn
[ ]
发音组合：o
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代表单词： not cop（抓，捕） rot(腐烂,腐坏;腐朽,破损) hot lot dog nod shop
合口双元音为: [ei] [ai] [ ] [au] [ u]
[ei]
发音组合：ei a ai ay
代表单词：eight day may paid main
cake fate naked snake lake make name
[ai]
发音组合：y i uy
代表单词：cry dry my
kite high bike tight fine time buy guy
[ ]
发音组合：oy oi
代表单词：toy boy loyal
noise voice point soil coin oil
[au]
发音组合：ou ow
代表单词：house sound out noun
bow town now tower
[ u]
发音组合：o ow oa
代表单词：host nose tone hole note coke cope
bowl know low own
boat coat
集中双元音为：[i ] [ ] [u ]
[i ]
发音组合：eer ear ere
代表单词：beer deer hear near fear here
[ ]
发音组合：air ear are ere
代表单词：hair fair air chair bear swear
dare hare there
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[u ]
发音组合：oor ure our
代表单词：poor lure sure tour
二、辅音
爆破音: [ p ] [ b ] [ t ] [ d ] [ k ] [ g ]
[ p ]
发音组合：p
代表单词：pay pipe put pie peach
sport speed spend
[ b ]
发音组合：b
代表单词：bird bed bag big buy bake bill bear book
[ t ]
发音组合：t
代表单词：tea teacher team tare tank taught tip
it meet cat thought fate tent boat
student stand stick
[ d ]
发音组合：d
代表单词：do did does deer date dig doom
need bed climbed
[ k ]
发音组合：c k ck
代表单词：cake car can cat come
kite sky keep pick back
[ g ]
发音组合：g
代表单词：geese go gap get
big bag beg
爆破音小结:
1) [ p ] [ t ] [ k ] 是清辅音，发音时声带不震动，送气要强。
2) [ b ] [ d ] [ g ] 是浊辅音，发音时声带必须震动。
摩擦音:
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[ f ] [ v ] [θ] [ ] [ ] [3] [ s ] [ z ] [ h ][ r ]
[ f ]
发音组合：f ph
代表单词：five first life fine fat fail fair fall farm
telephone phonetics photo
[ v ]
发音组合：v
代表单词：vote vine vat vail very vase
leave five
[θ]
发音组合：th
代表单词：think teeth thick theme thank thought
both tooth truth fifth mouth cloth faith breath
[ ]
发音组合：th
代表单词：this that these those then than though
[ ]
发音组合：sh s ss ch
代表单词：ship fish sheet sheep dish
sure ensure assure machine
[3]
发音组合：s
代表单词：pleasure usual leisure measure
[ s ]
发音组合：s c
代表单词：seem set seek say see
books dense mouse cups face ice race price
[ z ]
发音组合：z s
代表单词：zoo prize zeal
raise knees eyes
[ h ]
发音组合：h wh 【注意】wh 在元音字母o前才发此音。
代表单词：hot home house horse hate high
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whole who whose whom
[ r ]
发音组合：r wr
代表单词：race red rice rain right road
free fry pray wrong write
摩擦音小结:
英语中有十个摩擦音即: [ f ] [ v ] [θ] [ ] [ ] [3][ s ] [ z ] [ h ][ r ]
发摩擦音时必须注意：
1) 口腔通道不完全阻塞,留有窄小空隙, 气流从中泄出时摩擦或震动成音。
2) 摩擦音可以延长而发音器官位置不变。
破擦音:
[ t ]
发音组合：ch
代表单词：cheap child chest choke check
catch watch
[d3 ]
发音组合：j g dg
代表单词：jeep joke jew juice judge
[ tr ]
发音组合：tr
代表单词：tree treat trip train tram
[ dr ]
发音组合: dr
代表单词: dream drag draw drink children
[ ts ]
发音组合：ts
代表单词：sits seats mates peasants parents
[ dz ]
发音组合：ds
代表单词：needs seeds spends
鼻辅音: [ m ] [ n ] [ ]
[ m ]
发音组合：m
代表单词：some come dime
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mother map moon
[ n ]
发音组合：n
代表单词：noon nose note not no nothing
moon soon son gun thin run dine gain
[ ]
发音组合：ng n
代表单词：sing song singer king thing
ink sink thank tank
舌边音: [ l ]
发音组合: l
代表单词：清晰音[ l ] let lad late laid leap lap
代表单词：含糊音[ l ] deal tell belt sale table
半元音: [ w ] [ j ]
[ w ]
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第 3讲 名词
名词是指表示人和事物名称的词，可以分为专有名词和普通名词两大类。
1、专有名词：特定的人、地方、机构等专有的名称。第一个字母通常要大写。
e.g. Jim Green， New York， Bank of China，Peking University
星期、月份、节日、学科、报刊名也是专有名词。
e.g. Monday，May，Christmas，Spring Festival，Maths，China Daily
2、普通名词：表示一类人或物或抽象概念的名称。普通名词又可以分为四类:
个体名词—— 表示某类人或东西中的个体，如：student , desk
集体名词—— 表示若干个体组成的集合体，如：class , family
物质名词—— 表示无法分为个体的物质名称，如：water , rice , sand，hair
抽象名词—— 表示情感，状态，品质等抽象名称，如：love ，carelessness
个体名词和集体名词多数可以用数目来计算，称为可数名词，有单、复数形式；
物质名词和抽象名词通常无法用数目计算，称为不可数名词，一般只有一种形式。
注 意：
① 集体名词被看作一个整体时，表达单数概念。
e.g. His family was well known in the town. 他家在镇里是名门望族。
② 集体名词被看作若干个体的集合时，表达复数概念。
e.g. His family are waiting for him. 她的家人正在等他。
③ 集体名词表达多个集体时，也有复数形式。
e.g. Our village is made up of 300 families. 我们村有 300户人家。
3、可数名词复数形式的构成规则：
① 一般名词在末尾直接加 s，清辅音后读/ s /，浊辅音和元音后读/ z /
e.g. book-books， bag-bags， cat-cats， bed-beds
② 以 s、x、sh、ch结尾，加 es，读/ IZ /
e.g. bus-buses， box-boxes，brush-brushes，watch-watches
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③ 以辅音字母+y结尾，变 y为 i，再加 es， 读/ z /
e.g. baby-babies， library-libraries，factory-factories
④ 以 f或 fe结尾，变 f或 fe为 v，再加 es，读/ vz /
e.g. thief－thieves，knife－knives
⑤ 以 o结尾，表示无生命的物体时加 s, 表示有生命的物体时，加 es，都读/ z /
e.g. photo-photos， piano-pianos， radio-radios， zoo-zoos
potato-potatoes，tomato-tomatoes，mango-mangoes，hero-heroes
⑥ 不规则变化
e.g. man－men woman－women policeman－policemen
child－children mouse－mice ox－oxen
foot－feet tooth－teeth goose－geese
fish－fish sheep－sheep deer－deer
▲ fish表示鱼的数量时，单复数同形；表示鱼的种类时，复数为 fishes.
e.g. My cat had two fish for lunch.
You can see a lot of different fishes in the lake.
4、不可数名词一般只有原形，没有复数形式，但是可以借助量词表示一定的数量。
如果表达两个或两个以上的概念时，量词需要用复数形式，不可数名词不变。
e.g. a bottle of water ，a cup of coffee，two glasses of milk ，five bags of rice
▲ 这种形式用于可数名词时，量词和可数名词都要用复数。
e.g. ten baskets of eggs
5、既可用作可数，又可用作不可数的名词：
不可数 room 空间
glass 玻璃 可数
paper 纸 a glass 一只玻璃杯
iron 铁 a paper 一份报纸、论文、文件
wood 木头 a iron 一个熨斗
beauty 美 a wood 一片森林
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a beauty 一个美人 a room 一个房间
6、名词所有格
① 在英语中，有些名词可以加’s 来表示所有关系，带这种词尾的名词形式称为该名词的所有格。大
多数表示有生命的东西。
e.g. Tom’s book
② 如果复数名词末尾已有 s，就直接加 ’ 。
e.g. the teachers’ office
③ 如果一些物品为两者共有，只需在后一个名词后加’s ；
如果为各自所有，则需在每个名词后加’s。
e.g. Lucy and Lily’s bedroom.（Lucy 和 Lily共用一个卧室）
Lucy’s and Lily’s bedrooms.（Lucy 和 Lily分别拥有各自的卧室）
④ 表示无生命的物体的名词所有格，一般与 of短语连用。
e.g. a map of the world ，a photo of my family
⑤ 双重所有格：把 of所有格和’s所有格结合在一起表示所有关系。
e.g. a friend of my father’s
[课堂检测]
一、写出下列名词的复数形式
1、orange 2、class 3、text 4、monkey 5、piano
6、child 7、shelf 8、bed 9、country 10、family
11、toy 12、foot 13、Japanese 14、radio 15、photo
16、army 17、tomato 18、fox 19、woman 20、knife
21、sheep 22、people
1. is 2. he 3.she 4.it 5. that 6. this 7.you
8.I 9. am 10. was 11. does
二、写出下列各词的复数形式
1.This is my friend.
2.This is a bike.
3.That is her brother.
4.This is a book.
5.That is an eraser.
6.It is a red orange.
7.He is a teacher. 、
8. What's this
9.This is my mother.
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10.He is a Chinese boy.
第 4讲 冠词
冠词一般用在名词的前面，对名词起限定作用，不能离开名词单独存在。
1、不定冠词 a，an用在单数可数名词前面，泛指一类人或物中的任何一个。
① a用于辅音音素开头的名词之前。e.g. a bed，a computer，a “U”
② an用于元音音素开头的名词之前。 e.g. an egg，an umbrella，an hour
2、定冠词 the用在单数或复数可数名词前，也可用在不可数名词前。
① 表示特指的人或物前。
e.g. The man with a flower in his hand is Jack.
② 指说话人双方都知道的人或物前。
e.g. Lily, close the door, please.
③ 在上文提到过，第二次又提到的人或物前。
e.g. There is a man under the tree. The man is called James.
④ 表示世界上独一无二的事物前。
e.g. The sun is bigger than the moon.
⑤ 用在序数词前面。
e.g. It is the first day of the new term.
⑥ 用在乐器名称前。
e.g. He often plays the violin at weekends.
⑦ 用在形容词最高级前。
e.g. Spring is the best season in a year.
⑧ 用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前。
e.g. I went to the Great Wall last week.
⑨ 用在国家名称的缩写前。
e.g. He is from the UK.
3、零冠词：名词前不用冠词的情况。
在季节、月份、星期、节假日、三餐、球类或棋类运动前，通常不用冠词。
e.g. have breakfast ，play basketball，play chess
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课堂检测：
用 a , an , the 填空.(不填打/)
1 Hello , ( )Tom, Let`s go to ( ) school .
2 Look , what is he doing He is eating ( )apple
3 Look at ( )ugly girl .She is Tom`s sister
4There is ( ) cat under the table . There is ( )dog behind the door
5 ( )old man is my father . He is ( )doctor
6 ( ) China is ( ) big country.
7 ( )USA is ( )big country too
8 I saw ( ) bird, but ( ) bird is yellow
9 I like playing ( ),piano .Billy likes playing ( )football
10This is ( ) largest supermarket in the city
11This is ( ) picture. There is ( ) house in ( ) picture.
12 ( )Sunday is the first day of a week
13 Can you play ( ) volleyball well
14( )Shenzhen is the largest city in China
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第 5讲 代词
1、人称代词：表示“我、你、他、她、它、我们、你们、他们”的词。
我 你 他 她 它 我们 你们 他们
主格 I you he she it we you they
宾格 me you him her it us you them
①主格一般用在句子开头做主语，通常用在动词前。
e.g. I am a student. They are cleaning the classroom.
②宾格可以用来表示动作行为的对象，一般用在动词和介词后面。
e.g. Ask her, please. Listen to me carefully.
2、物主代词：表示所有关系的代词叫物主代词。
我的 你的 他的 她的 它的 我们的 你们的 他们的
形容词性 my your his her its our your their
名 词 性 mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs
①形容词性物主代词后面一般要带上名词。如：my watch, his cousin, our school
②名词性物主代词本身就可以看作是名词，故其后不能再加名词，可单独使用。
e.g. —Is that your bike？ —No. Mine is blue.
3、疑问代词：用来表达疑问或构成疑问句的代词，一般放在疑问句的句首。
what 问什么 —What’s your name —My name is Tom.
What colour 问颜色 —What colour is your coat —It’s red.
what day 问星期 —What day is it today —It’s Monday.
what date 问日期 —What date is it today —It’s the first of June.
what shape 问形状 —What shape is the moon —It’s round.
what…job 问工作 —What’s your father’s job —He’s a bus driver.
what time 问时间 —What time is it —It’s ten o’clock.
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when 问时候 —When is your birthday —It’s on the first of May.
which 问哪个 —Which is your watch, this one or that one
—That one.
where 问地点 —Where is my pen —It’s on the floor.
who 问谁 —Who is the boy with big eyes —He’s Liu Tao.
whose 问谁的 —Whose bag is this —It’s Helen’s.
why 问原因 —Why are you absent today —I’m ill.
how 问方式 —How do you go to school —By bus.
how many 问数量 —How many books are there —There are five.
how much 问价钱 —How much is it —Twenty yuan.
how old 问年龄 —How old are you —I’m twelve.
how far 问距离 —How far is it from here —It’s about one
kilometer.
how about 问情况 —I’m thirsty. How about you —Me, too.
4、指示代词
① this（这个）、these（这些）表示在时间上或空间上较近的人或物。
② that（那个）、those（那些）表示在时间上或空间上较远的人或物。
课堂检测
一选择适当的人称代词填空。
1._____ (He/I) is my father.
2. _____ (She/They) are Tom’s grandparents.
3. _____ (We/I) am Jim’s new friend.
4. Look at that white dog. _____ (They/It) is my brother’s.
5. Where are _____ (you/he from
6. Do you like collecting stamps Yes, _____ (you/we) do.
7. _____ (He/I) am a student at Heyang Primary School.
8. _____ (You/They) are my brother’s English teacher.
二、用人称代词的主格和宾格填空。
1. Don’t pass it to _______ (他).
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2. _____ (她) is watching a running race.
3. Would you like to go with _____(我们).
4. Do you want to join _____(我).
5. Tomorrow is my father’s birthday. This present is for ______.
6. The ball is Su Hai’s. Please give _____ to _____.
7. What are Tom’s sisters doing _____ are seeing a Beijing opera show.
三、填入适当的物主代词。
1. _____ (他的) coat is black, but _____(她的) is red.
2. Whose wallet is this It’s _____ (我的).
3. Whose wallet is that It’s _____ (我的) wallet.
4. Are these _____ (你们的) skateboards Yes, they’re _____ (我们的).
5. I’m a new student. _____ name is Helen.
6. Nancy is my cousin. _____ eyes are big.
7. Look, this is his new book. _____ (我的) is as new as his.
8. What do people usually do at the Spring Festival. They visit _____ relatives and friends.
四、用所给的词填空。
What What colour How much Who When Where Why
1、________are you doing
2、________are you going to go
3、_________is the bag ----Twenty yuan.
4、__________will you come back ----A quarter to ten.
5、_________is that woman ----Miss Tang.
6、_________is the sofa ----It’s black and white.
7、__________are you wearing a dress
五、用特殊疑问词填空。
1. is this It’s an apple.
2. is Sue’s birthday It’s on the 1st of April.
3. is she She is Linda.
4. is the peach It’s on the table.
5. do you go to school I go to school by bike.
6. apples are there There are two apples.
7. is your hat It’s red.
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8. subject do you like I like math.
9. books are there thirteen.
10. is it It ‘s 5 yuan.
11. did you get home I got home at 9 o’clock .
第 6讲 形容词/副词
形容词用来修饰名词或代词，表示人或事物的性质、状态和特征。它的位置通常放在被修饰的名
词前，也可以放在 be动词和 look、feel、taste、sound、get之后。
在英语中，形容词有三个等级，即原级、比较级和最高级。
1、表示两者“等同”时用原级，结构为：as＋原级＋as，表示“xx和 xx一样……”
e.g. Are you as tall as your twin sister
其否定形式结构为：not＋as＋原级＋as，表示“xx和 xxx不一样……”
e.g. I’m not as tall as you.
2、表示两者“比较”时用比较级，结构为：比较级＋than，表示“xx比 xxx更……”
e.g. He’s one year younger than me.
形容词比较级的构成规则：
① 一般在词尾加 er
e.g. taller，longer，stronger，younger
② 以字母 e结尾，只加 r
e.g. late－later，nice－nicer
③ 以辅音字母＋y结尾，变 y为 i，再加 er
e.g. heavy－heavier
④ 双写末尾的辅音字母，再加 er
e.g. fat－fatter，thin－thinner，big－bigger
⑤ 双音节和多音节词的比较级，在原级前加 more
e.g. more beautiful，more careful
⑥ 不规则变化
e.g. good-better，many / much-more，far-farther，bad / ill-worse
3、三个或三个以上的人或物进行比较，用形容词最高级。
结构为：the + 形容词最高级 ＋in/of等表示范围的短语，表示“最……”。
e.g. Autumn is the best season in New York.
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She is the tallest girl of our three.
一、写出下列形容词或副词的比较级、最高级
old_______ young_______ tall______ long________ strong________
big________ small_______ fat________
thin__________ heavy______ light________ nice________
good_________ low_________ high_________ slow_______
fast________ late_________ early_________ far_________
well_______ beautiful_________ short________
二、根据句意填入单词的正确形式：
1. My brother is two years __________(old)than me.
2. Tom is as ________(fat) as Jim.
3. Is your sister __________(young) than you Yes,she is.
4. Who is ___________(thin),you or Helen Helen is.
4. Whose pencil-box is __________(big),yours or hers Hers is.
5. Mary’s hair is as __________(long) as Lucy’s.
6.Ben ______ (jump) ________ (high) than some of the boys in his class.
7.________ Nancy sing __________ (well) than Helen Yes, she _____.
8.Fangfang is not as _________ (tall) as the other girls.
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第 7讲 介词
介词又叫前置词，是一种用来表示词与词、词与句之间关系的词，它一般放在名词、代词（宾格）或
动词（动词 ing形式）前面。
1、in
① 在……里面。如：in the classroom
② in＋颜色，穿着……颜色的衣服。如：Who’s the man in white
③ in＋语言，用某种语言说。如：What’s this in English
④ 在上午、下午、晚上。如：in the morning，in the afternoon，in the evening
⑤ 在年、月、季节前。如：in 2008，in August，in summer
⑥ 在国家、城市和较大的地方前。如：in China，in Wuxi，in the playground
⑦ 固定搭配。 如：in the middle of（在……中间），do well in（擅长），in the day（在白天），take
part in（参加），stay in bed（躺在床上），in the street（在街上）
2、on
①在……上面。 如：on the desk
th
②用在某一天（上、下午）前。如：on the 5 of May，on Sunday，on Monday morning
③以 Day结尾的节日前。如： on Children’s Day，on New Year’s Day
④固定搭配。如：on foot（步行），on duty（值日），put on（穿上），get on（上车）
turn on（打开），on the right / left（在右边/左边），on the wall (在墙上)，on Zhongshan
Road（在中山路上）
注 意：树上长的水果用 on the tree；不是树上长的外来物用 in the tree。
如：I can see a lot of apples on the tree. There is a boy in the tree.
3、at
①在某个时刻前。如：at seven o’clock
②在传统节日前。如：at Spring Festival，at Mid-Autumn Festival，at Christmas
③在较小的地点。如：at the bus stop
④固定搭配。如：at once（立刻，马上），be good at（擅长……），look at（看），at home（在
家），at school（在学校）, at weekends（在周末）, at the back of（在……后部）, at night（在
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夜晚）
4、under 在……下面 如：There is a cat under the table.
5、behind 在……后面 如：There is an umbrella behind the door.
6、near 靠近…… 如：There is a park near my house.
7、beside 在……旁边 如：The students are standing beside the teacher.
8、next to 紧靠……旁边 如：The teachers’ office is next to our classroom.
9、before （时间上）在……之前 如： before class（上课前）
10、after （时间上）在……之后；依照
固定搭配： after class（课后），after school（放学后），look after（照看），run after（追赶），
read after me（跟我读）
11、between 在两者之间 如：There are some trees between Building A and Building B.
12、by 乘某种交通工具 如：by bus，by plane，by the way（顺便说一下）
13、from
①be from = come from（来自……） 如：Mr Smiths is/comes from Australia.
②from…to…（从……到……）We go to school from Monday to Friday.
14、to 到、去…… 如：Let’s go to the zoo. 固定搭配：write to（给 xx写信）
15、about 关于；大约
如: I want to buy a book about animals. It’s about one kilometer away.
16、for 为、给…… 如：Here’s a letter for you. What’s for breakfast
固定搭配：look for （寻找），wait for（等候）
17、with
①与……一起。如：I’ll go shopping with my mother.
②具有某种特征。如：Who’s the boy with big eyes
③help... with... 在某方面帮助某人 如： Can you help me with my English
④play with... 和……一起玩；拿……玩 如：play with me，play with a yo-yo
18、in front of 在……前面 如：There is a tree in front of the classroom.
in the front of 在……前部 如：There is a blackboard in the front of the classroom.
19、along 沿着，顺着 如：Go along this street.
20、as 作为 如：What would you like as a birthday present
21、out of 从……出来；往……之外 如：The dog is running out of the house.
22、of ……的，属于…… 如：a map of China ，a map of the world
23、off 离开，在……之外 如：keep off the grass（勿踏草坪)，get off（下车）
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24、up 向上 如：stand up（起立），pull up carrots（拔胡萝卜）
25、down 向下 如：sit down（坐下）， jump up and down（上下跳）
课堂练习：
一、圈出下列句子中运用不恰当的介词，并改正。
1.Jim is good in English and Maths.
2.How many students have their birthday on May
3.They are talking to their plans.
4.The films were in the ground just now.
5.Women’s Day is at the third of March.
6.I usually take photos in Sunday morning.
7.What did you do on the Spring Festival
8.Can you come and help me on my English
9.Did you water trees at the farm
10.I can jog to school on the morning.
二、介词练习
( )1.___ the afternoon of May, we visited the old man.
A. On B. At C. In
( )2.Many people work ___ the day and sleep ___ night.
A. on ; at B. in ; in C. in ; at
( )3.He speaks Japanese best ____ the boy students.
A. between B. with C. among
( )4.A wolf ___ a sheep skin is our dangerous enemy.
A. with B. in C. on
( )5.Joan hopes to come back ___ three days.
A. after B. for C. in
( )6.They sent the letter to me ___ mistake.
A. by B. for C. with
( )7.He left home ___ a cold winter evening.
A. at B. on C. in
( )8.Shanghai is ____ the east of China.
A. in B. on C. to
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( )9.____ my father’s help, I have finished my composition.
A. Under B. On C. with
( )10.He’s very strict ____ himself and he’s very strict ___ his work.
A. with ; in B. in ; with C. with ; with
( )11.I really can’t agree ____ you.
A. to B. on C. with
( )12.The shop won’t open ___ nine in the morning.
A. until B. at C. during
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第 8讲 数词
1、基数词：表示数目多少。
1 one 11 eleven 21 twenty-one
2 two 12 twelve 22 twenty-two
3 three 13 thirteen 30 thirty
4 four 14 fourteen 40 forty
5 five 15 fifteen 50 fifty
6 six 16 sixteen 60 sixty
7 seven 17 seventeen 70 seventy
8 eight 18 eighteen 80 eighty
9 nine 19 nineteen 90 ninety
10 ten 20 twenty 100 hundred
注意：数字“0”可以读作“zero”，也可以读作字母“o”。
2、序数词：表示顺序先后。
1st first 11th eleventh 21st twenty-first
2nd second 12th twelfth 22nd twenty-second
3rd third 13th thirteenth 30th thirtieth
4th fourth 14th fourteenth 40th fortieth
5th fifth 15th fifteenth 50th fiftieth
6th sixth 16th sixteenth 60th sixtieth
7th seventh 17th seventeenth 70th seventieth
8th eighth 18th eighteenth 80th eightieth
9th ninth 19th nineteenth 90th ninetieth
10th tenth 20th twentieth 100th hundredth
基数词变序数词记忆口诀：
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一、二、三，需要记，八去 t，九省 e，ve结尾时，f来代替，
ty结尾时，y变 ie，再加 th，若是几十几，前基后序别忘记。
一、写出下列词的序数词
1. one 2.two 3. six 4.five
5. nine 6.twelve 7.eight 8.twenty-one
二、写出下列单词的基数词
1.third 2.fourth 3.tenth
4.twentieth 5.nineteenth 6.thirty-first _
三、根据句子意思填空。
1. Children’s Day（儿童节） is on the of June（六月）.
2. There are months（月）in a year(年).
3. Teacher’s Day(教师节) is on the of September（九月）.
4. Three plus(加) six is .
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第 10讲 连词
连词，顾名思义，是一种起连接作用的词。
1、and “和”，表示并列关系。
如：There are some desks and chairs in the classroom.
2、but “但是”，表示转折关系。
如：You can skate well, but I can’t .
3、or “还是”，表示选择关系。
如：Would you like a glass of milk or a cup of tea
注 意：在疑问句或否定句中，当表示并列关系时，不用 and，而用 or。
如：Do you have any brothers or sisters？
I don’t have any brothers or sisters.
4、than “比”，表示对比关系。
如：Su Hai jumps farther than Su Yang.
5、because “因为”，表示因果关系。
如：I like summer best because I can go swimming.
6、so “所以”，表示结果关系。
如：Helen was ill , so she didn’t go to school yesterday.
一、选择
1 My aunt asks whether I like a woolen sweater ______ a cotton one.
A. but B. or C. and D. not
2 Either Mary ______ Lucy told him to come to see us.
A. or B. and C. with D. nor
3 Hurry up, ______ we'll be late for the film.
A. and B. but C. so D. or
4 Be quick, ______ we'll be late.
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A. and B. or C. but D. so
5 We ran to the trees, _____ we couldn't see any more monkeys.
A. but B. so C. and D. for
二、根据句意选用 and, but, or, so, beause填空。
1. The ground is wet, _________ it rained last night.
2. It's a fine day today, _________ everyone is busy.
3. This is our first lesson, _________ I don't know all your names.
4. Take an umbrella with you, _________ you'll get wet.
5. We have classes in the morning, _________ we don't have classes in the afternoon.
6. She is a doctor _________ I am a teacher.
7. I must go now, _________ it's getting dark.
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第 11讲 动词
动词是表示动作或行为的词。按其词义和在句子中的作用可以分为连系动词、助动词、情态动词
和行为动词。
1、be动词（am，is，are）
① be动词做谓语时，要与主语在人称和数上保持一致。
用法口诀: 我用 am，你用 are，is 用在他、她、它，复数全用 are。
如：I am a teacher. You are a student. She is a nurse. We are Chinese.
② be动词的否定形式：am not(无缩写形式)，is not＝isn’t，are not=aren’t
2、助动词(do，does，did)
① do，does用于一般现在时，does用于第三人称单数，其他人称和数用 do。其过去式 did用于一
般过去时。他们通常用在疑问句和否定句中。助动词后动词要用原形。
如：Do you like this film
Does she like playing football
I didn’t go to school yesterday.
② 否定形式：do not = don’t，does not =doesn’t，did not=didn’t
3、情态动词（can，may，must，should，will，would，shall等）
情态动词表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度，表示“可能”，“可以”，“需要”，“必须”，“应当”等意
思。情态动词没有人称和数的变化，后面的动词要用原形。
1）can和may都可以用来表示请求或允许，但 may比 can更正式，更客气些。
如： Can I use your pen May I come in？
2）must和 should
① must意为“必须，应当”，含有一种命令的语气，比较生硬，不容商量。
② should意为“应当，应该”，表示建议或劝告，语气比较委婉，客气。
如：You must finish your homework before you go to bed.
You should stay in bed and have a good rest.
3）will和 would用于疑问句，表示说话人向对方提出请求或询问，用 would比 will更委婉，更客气。
如：Will you please open the window？ Would you like some coffee
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注意区别：
I’d like… 我想要……（接名词） 如：I’d like some tea.
I’d like to… 我想要做……（接动词原形）如：I’d like to go with you.
I like… 我喜欢……（接名词或动名词）如：I like monkeys. I like reading.
4） shall 在问句中表示征求对方的意见，主要用于第一人称。
如：Shall we go there by bus
5）否定形式：can’t，may not，mustn’t，shouldn’t，wouldn’t，shall not
4、行为动词
行为动词也叫实意动词，是具有实际意义的动词。如 run（跑）, jump（跳），
listen（听）,sing（唱）,eat（吃）,think（想）等。
行为动词在句子中有人称和时态的变化。
在英语中，不同时间里发生的动作或存在的状态，需要用不同的动词形式来表现，这就叫时态。
一 般 现 在 时
<—————————————+————————————>
一般过去时 现在进行时 一般将来时
一、写出下列动词的现在分词：
play________ run__________ swim _________make__________ go_________
like________ write________ _ski___________ read________ have_________
sing ________ dance_________ put________ see________ buy _________
love____________ live_______ take_________ come ________ get_________
stop_________ sit ________ begin________ shop___________ lie___________
skip______________
二、写出下列动词的第三人称单数
drink ________ go _______ stay ________ make ________ look _________
have_______ pass_______ carry ____wash___________ come________
watch______ plant_______ fly ________ study_______ brush________
do_________ teach_______
三、写出下列动词的过去式
is\am_________ fly_______ lie________ are ________ drink_________ play_______
go________ make ________does_________ lose________ win________ ask _____
teach_________ eat__________ hurt________ put ______ throw________ catch______
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fall_______ do ________ buy________see________shop________beginsit________
come________take________miss ________like________get________ forge________
trun ________think________say ________find________ draw ________hit________
can________break ________give ________
第 12讲 一般现在时
1、定义：表示经常发生或习惯性的动作、状态。句中通常有 usually，often，every day，sometimes，
always，at weekends，on Sundays等表示经常性时间的短语。
2、构成：
1）当谓语是 be动词时，一般现在时的构成：主语＋be动词＋其他
如：I am a student. He is Jim’s father. They are from Japan.
2）当谓语是行为动词时，一般现在时的构成：
①主语（非第三人称单数）＋动词原形＋其他
如：I often watch TV at the weekends.
Mr Green and Mrs Green like collecting stamps.
②主语（第三人称单数）＋动词的第三人称单数形式＋其他
如：Jim usually visits his grandparents on Sundays.
She sometimes goes to the park with her mother.
3、动词三单形式的变化规则：
① 一般情况下，直接加 s 如：read-reads，swim-swims
② 以 s，x，sh，ch，o结尾，加 es 如：wash-washes，watch-watches，do-does
③ 以辅音字母＋y结尾，变 y为 i，再加 es 如：study-studies，fly-flies
④ 不规则变化 如：have-has
4、一般现在时的句型转换：
肯定句 否定句 一般疑问句及回答
They watch TV They don’t watch TV —Do they watch TV every day
every day. every day. —Yes, they do. / No, they don’t.
She watches TV She doesn’t watch — Does she watch TV every day
every day. TV every day. —Yes, she does. / No, she doesn’t.
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一、用所给词的适当形式填空
1. He often ________ (have) dinner at home.
2. Daniel and Tommy _______ (be) in Class One.
3. We _______ (not watch) TV on Monday.
4. Nick _______ (not go) to the zoo on Sunday.
5. ______ they ________ (like) the World Cup
6. What _______they often _______ (do) on Saturdays
7. _______ your parents _______ (read) newspapers every day
8. The girl _______ (teach) us English on Sundays.
9. She and I ________ (take) a walk together every evening.
10. There ________ (be) some water in the bottle.
11. Mike _______ (like) cooking.
12. They _______ (have) the same hobby.
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第 13讲 现在进行时
1、定义：表示现在或现阶段正在进行或发生的动作。句中常有 now，look，listen等词。
如：I am washing clothes now.
Look! Liu Tao is climbing the tree.
Listen! Jane is singing in the music room.
2、构成：be动词（am/is/are）+ 动词现在分词（V-ing）
3、动词现在分词构成：
① 一般是在动词原形后加 ing
如：read-reading，drink-drinking，eat-eating，look-looking
② 以不发音的 e结尾的动词，去掉 e，再加 ing
如：write-writing，make-making，ride-riding，take-taking
③ 以重读闭音节结尾，如末尾只有一个辅音字母，要双写这个字母，再加 ing
如：sit-sitting，swim-swimming，put-putting，run-running，stop-stopping，get-getting，
begin-beginning，jog-jogging，forget-forgetting
4、动名词其实就是动词的现在分词，它既有名词性质（可作主语），又有动词性质（可带宾语）。
如：Asking the way
My hobby is collecting stamps.
He is good at skating.
5、现在进行时的句型转换：
肯定句 否定句 一般疑问句及回答
—Is he running now
He is running now. He isn’t running now.
—Yes, he is. / No, he isn’t.
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— Are they making a puppet
They are making They aren’t making
a puppet. a puppet.
—Yes, they are. / No, they aren’t.
一、用所给的动词的正确形式填空：
1.The boy __________________ ( draw)a picture now.
2. Listen .Some girls _______________ ( sing)in the classroom .
3. My mother _________________ ( cook )some nice food now.
4. What _____ you ______ ( do ) now
5. Look . They _______________( have) an English lesson .
6.They ____________(not ,water) the flowers now.
7.Look! the girls ________________(dance )in the classroom .
8.What is our granddaughter doing She _________ ( listen ) to music.
9. It’s 5 oclock now. We _____________ (have) supper now
10.______Helen____________ (wash ) clothes Yes , she is .
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第 14讲 一般过去时
1、定义：表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或存在的状态。常和表示过去的时间状语连用，如：a moment
ago，just now，yesterday，last week，this morning等。
如：My brother often went to school by bike last term.
The watch was beside the diary a moment ago.
I watched the moon and ate the moon cakes last Mid-Autumn Festival.
Jim went to the supermarket yesterday.
2、构成：主语＋动词的过去式＋其他
3、动词过去式的变化规则：
① 一般在动词原形末尾加 ed
如：play-played，listen-listened，look-looked
② 结尾是 e的动词，加 d
如：live-lived，like-liked，taste-tasted
③ 辅音字母＋y结尾的动词，变 y为 i，再加 ed
如：study-studied，carry-carried，cry-cried
④ 末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词，双写这个辅音字母，再加 ed
如：stop-stopped，plan-planned
⑤ 不规则变化 如：
am/is-was sit-sat give-gave eat-ate
are-were tell-told read-read fly-flew
have/has-had see-saw buy-bought meet-met
do-did get-got come-came put-put
go-went make-made draw-drew run-ran
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say-said sing-sang swim-swam take-took
4、一般过去时的句型转换
肯定句 否定句 一般疑问句及回答
He watched TV He didn’t watch TV —Did he watch TV yesterday
yesterday. yesterday. —Yes, he did. / No, he didn’t.
They played games They didn’t play — Did they play games just now
just now. games just now. —Yes, they did. / No, they didn’t.
一、用单词的适当形式填空。
1. ________ you ________(water) the flowers yesterday.
2. Su Hai _________(go) for a walk last Sunday.
3. Mike didn’t ________(finish) his homework yesterday.
4. I _______ (pick) apples on the tree last month.
5. I _______(is) ten years old last year. On that day, I _______(blow) the candles out.
6. There ________(are) five books on the desk a moment ago.
二、选择
1. What did he _____ yesterday He ____ his homework.
A. did; did B. do; did C. do; do
2. Susan _____ swimming yesterday.
A. go B. goes C. went
3. Danny _____ breakfast five times last week.
A. eat B. ate C. eated 4. Last Sunday____ Tree Planting Day.
A. is B. were C. was
5. I ____ a lot from our textbook.
A. learned B. learnes C. learning
6. We ____ to the zoo and ___ a lot of animals yesterday.
A. go; see B. went; saw C. goes; sees
7. What did you do last weekend --I _________
A. read a book B. wash the clothes C. go fishing
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8. What did you do on your holiday I ________
A. bought a present B. go skiing C. learn English
第 15讲 一般将来时
1、定义：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态，以及打算、计划或准备某事。句中一般含有表示将来
的时间状语，如：tomorrow morning，next week，this afternoon等表示将来的时间状语。
2、构成：
① be gong to +动词原形
如：I am going to see a Beijing opera tomorrow.
We are going to meet at bus stop at half past ten.
Dad and I are going to see a Beijing opera this afternoon.
② will +动词原形
如：They will go swimming this afternoon.
3、be going to 和 will 区别：
① be going to表示经过事先安排、打算或决定要做的事情，基本上一定会发生；will则表示有可
能去做，但不一定发生，也常表示说话人的临时决定。
如：I am going to take part in a party this evening.
They are cleaning the library now. I’ll go and join them.
②be going to表示近期或眼下就要发生的事情；will表示的将来时间则较远一些。如：He is going
to write a letter tomorrow. I will meet her one day.
③ be going to还可以用来表示有迹象表明某件事将要发生，常用于天气等自然现象。如：Look! It’s
going to rain.
4、一般将来时句型转换：
肯定句 否定句 一般疑问句及回答
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—Is she going to have a
She is going to have a She isn’t going to have picnic tomorrow
picnic tomorrow. a picnic tomorrow. —Yes, she is. / No, she
isn’t.
—Will they go swimming
They will go swimming They will not(won’t) go this afternoon
this afternoon. swimming this afternoon. —Yes, they will. / No, they
won’t.
一、用所给词的适当形式填空。
1. Today is a sunny day. We __________ (have) a picnic this afternoon.
2. My brother ________ (go) to Shanghai next week.
3. Tom often ________(go) to school on foot. But today is rain. He ______ (go) to school by bike.
4. What do you usually do at weekends I usually ______ (watch) TV .
5. It‘s Friday today. What _____she ______ (do) this weekend
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第 16讲 句法
1、陈述句
说明事实或陈述说话人观点的句子。基本结构：主语＋谓语＋其他
1）肯定陈述句 We all like pandas very much.
2）否定陈述句 He doesn’t do housework at weekends
3）肯定陈述句改否定陈述句
①一般是在 be动词或情态动词后加 not。
Mary was at school yesterday. —> Mary was not at school yesterday.
I can make a model plane. —>I can not make a model plane.
②不含 be动词或情态动词的，行为动词前要用助动词的否定式（don’t，doesn’t，didn’t），后
面跟动词的原形。
He likes drawing pictures.—>He doesn’t like drawing pictures.
I went to the park yesterday. —>I didn’t go to the park yesterday.
4）陈述句改一般疑问句
①有 be动词或情态动词的，把 be动词或情态动词提前。
Mary was at school yesterday. —> Was Mary at school yesterday
I can make a model plane. —> Can you make a model plane
②不含 be动词或情态动词的句子，借助助动词开头，动词还原成原形。
He likes drawing pictures.—>Does he like drawing pictures.
I went to the park yesterday. —>Did you go to the park yesterday
2、疑问句
用来提出问题，询问情况的句子，末尾用问号。
1）一般疑问句：一般疑问句常用来询问一件事是否属实，通常以 be动词，助动词或情态动词开头，
用 yes或 no来回答，因此又叫是非疑问句，通常读升调。
—Is Mr Green from the UK —Yes，he is. / No，he isn’t.
—Do you have any hobbies —Yes，I do. / No，I don’t.
—Can you play the guitar —Yes，I can. / No，I can’t.
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2）特殊疑问句：以特殊疑问词引导，要求回答具体问题，不能用 yes或 no来回答。—How do you go
to work every day —I go to work by car.
3）选择疑问句：提供两种或两种以上情况，让对方选择，往往用 or连接。
—Would you like some tea or coffee —Some coffee, please.
4）反意疑问句：反意疑问句是由陈述句和附在其后的附加疑问句组成。
—It’s a fine day, isn’t it — Yes ,it is.
3、祈使句
表示请求或命令别人做某事或不做某事。
1）用于第二人称，通常省略 you。
①肯定祈使句：Open the door, please.
②否定祈使句：Don’t be late again.
2）用于第一人称和第三人称，通常以 let（let后跟宾格）或 shall开头。
Let me have a look. Let’s play a game now. Let him go home now.
Shall we meet at one thirty in front of the Garden Theatre
4、感叹句
表达喜怒哀乐等强烈感情，句尾常用感叹号（!），语气用降调。
1）what + 名词或名词性短语
What a big garden (it is)!
What an interesting storybook (it is) !
What lovely weather (it is)!
What pretty girls (they are)!
2）how +形容词或副词＋主语＋动词
How nice!
How beautiful the flowers are!
How tall Yao Ming is!
5、there be 句型 表示在某地有某人或某物。
1）主语是单数，be动词用 is(was)；主语是复数，be动词用 are(were)。
There is some milk in the fridge.
There are some peaches in the basket.
2）如果有几个不同的人或物并列存在，be动词根据最靠近的那个名词而定。
There is a ruler and five knives in the pencil case.
There are five knives and a ruler in the pencil case.
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3）there be句型和 have/has区别：
there be句型表示某地有某人或某物；
have/has表示某人有某物。has用于第三人称单数，其余人称和数用 have。
There are some English books on the desk.
I have some English books.
一、把下列句子改为一般疑问句。
1. His father is an English teacher.
2. These cats are crying.
3. They can swim.
4. I like to read English.
5. I go to school on foot.
6. He likes English.
7. His father goes to work by bus.
8. He is crying under the tree.
9. His birthday is on the twentieth of November.
10. Mrs. Li and Kitty are in a big shop.
二、对划线部分提问。
1.He is my father.
2.They are under the tree.
3.I often watch TV after dinner.(晚饭后)
4.Lily swims in the swimming pool.(游泳池)
5.Superman is flying in the sky.
6.I often brush my teeth in the evening.
7.Alan likes to play with Bill.
8.Joe's father plays badminton(羽毛球) every weekend.
第 17讲 听力
人类交际中 80％以上是通过口头进行的，而听懂对方的话语是进行有效交际的前提和关键。因
此，听力至关重要，它位于“听说读写”四种能力之首。
英语听力测试一般有以下题型：
1．听音辨词
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2．听录音给图或句子排序
3．听问句选答句
4．听短文或对话进行选择或判断
5．听录音填空
第 18讲 话题
1、介绍
My name is Tom.
I’m Gao Shan.
This is David.
The man in a white coat is my father.
2、问候、告别
Hello! /Hi!
Good morning! / Good afternoon! /Good evening!
How are you --- Fine, thank you. / Not bad, thank you. / Not so good.
Nice to meet you. --- Nice to meet you , too.
How do you do ---How do you do
Goodbye! / Bye! / Bye-Bye!
See you (tomorrow/later).
Good night.
3、谈论人或物
What’s your name / Your name, please
Who is he
What’s this in English
How old are you
Where are you from / Are you from the USA
What’s your job
What is she
4、请求、劝告、建议、征求
May I come in
Can I have a look
Yes. / Sure.
Sorry, you can’t.
Don’t forget to close the windows.
We must go home now.
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Let’s go to school.
Shall we go now
Why don’t you buy a new one
What about a cup of tea
Would you like a hamburger
What would you like
Yes, please. / Yes, I’d like to./ Yes, I’d love to.
No, thanks.
5、道歉、感谢、赞扬
Excuse me.
Sorry. / I’m sorry.---That’s OK/all right. / It’s doesn’t matter.
Thanks. / Thank you. / Thank you very much.
Not at all. / You ‘re welcome. / It’s my pleasure.
It’s pretty/ smart/nice.
How nice!
6、询问时间、星期及日期
What’s the time / what time is it now ---It’s twelve o’clock. It’s time to have lunch.
What day is it today ---It’s Sunday/Monday/Tuesday/Wednesday/Thursday/Friday.
What date is it today --- It’s the 12th of July.
7、购物
Can I help you /What can I do for you /What would you like
---I’d like a/an/some…
Anything else
What about the red one
How many kilos --- Five kilos, please.
How much is it/are they ---It’s /They’re twenty yuan.
Here’s your change.
8、打电话
Hello, may I speak to Nancy --- This is Nancy speaking.
Is that Tom (speaking) ---Yes, this is Tom speaking.
Who’s that(speaking) --- It’s Liu Tao here.
Wait for a minutes. / Hold on , please.
Sorry, she isn’t in.
9、问路、指路
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Excuse me. Where’s the nearest post office？
How can I get to the nearest post office
Can you show/tell me the way to the nearest post office
How far is the nearest post office from here
How many stops are there
Go along this road and then turn right/left at the third crossing.
The post office is on your right/left.
It’s over there. Near the Bank of China.
You can take bus No.8 and get off at the third stop.
Sorry, I don’t know. You can ask the policeman.
11、谈论兴趣爱好
Do you have any hobbies
What’s your hobby
Do you like swimming
I (don’t) like swimming.
We have the same hobby.
12、谈论天气
What’s the weather like today
How is the weather
It’s sunny/rainy/cloudy/windy/warm/cool/hot/cold.
Which season do you like best
13、询问和表达感觉
What’s the matter / What’s wrong with you / How do you feel now
I’m tired. / I feel ill. / I’ve got a bad cough.
I’m sorry to here that. / I hope you get better soon.
Take some medicine and have a lot of rest.
Here’s some medicine for you.
I can get some fruit for you
14、谈论节日
When’s Christmas ---It’s on the 25th of December.
What do people usually do on Christmas day
What’s your favourite holiday
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第 19讲 构词法
英语中的三种主要构词法：
1、合成法：由两个或更多的词合成一个词。
如：basket（篮子） + ball（球）＝ basketball（篮球）
post（邮寄）＋ office（办公室） ＝ post office（邮局）
pencil（铅笔）＋ box（盒子）＝ pencil-box（文具盒）
2、派生法：由词根加前缀或后缀构成一个新词。
如：un + usual（寻常） = unusual（不寻常）
usual（寻常） + ly = usually（寻常地）
3、转化法：由一种词性转化为另一种词性。
如：water 水（名词）―――water 浇水（动词）
light 灯（名词）―――light 轻的（形容词）
book 书（名词）―――book 预订（动词）
hand 手（名词）―――hand 上交（动词）
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