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Unit 3 Sea Exploration
一、词汇派生
1.extend vt.扩展；使伸长；延长
→extension n.延伸
→extended adj.伸出的，伸展的；延长的；持续的
2.negotiate vt.商定；达成(协议) vi.谈判；磋商；协商
→negotiation n.协商，谈判
3.royal adj.皇家的；王室的；高贵的
→royally adv.像王一般地；庄严地；高贵地
4.withdraw vi.& vt.(使)撤回；撤离
→withdrawal n.收回；取回；撤回；撤退；撤走
5.profession n.职业
→professional adj.职业的
6.mix v.混合
→mixture n.混合物
7.mercy n.怜悯
→ merciful adj.仁慈的
8.possess vt.拥有
→ possessionn.财产
二、一词多义
1.merchant n.商人；批发商 adj.海上货运的
①The merchants of Arab are doing their things all of the world.(n.商人)
②He is a wholesale merchant.(n.批发商)
③This is a merchant ship of 5，000 tons.(adj.海上货运的)
2.negotiate vt.商定；达成(协议) vi.谈判；磋商；协商
①We've decided to negotiate a loan with them.(vt.商定)
②He negotiated a new contract with the sellers.(vt.达成(协议)
③Are the employers really willing to negotiate (vi.谈判)
3.bond n.纽带；关系 vt.& vi.增强信任关系；使牢固结合
①You need a strong adhesive to bond wood to metal.( vt.使牢固结合)
②The team has bonded together well.(vi.增强信任关系)
③The experience created a very special bond between us.(n.纽带；关系)

三、知识要点
1.set sail 起航；开航
We set sail at high tide.
我们在涨潮时启航。
[例2]The ship set sail for Europe.
这艘船启航去欧洲。
[造句]两个钟头之后，这艘船就启航来中国了。
Two hours later the ship set sail for China.
[知识拓展]
set sail for...开船往，动身往......
at full sail(s) 开足马力，张起所有的帆，高速前进
go for a sail 乘船游览
①Christopher Columbus set sail for the New World in the Santa Maria.
②A big ship ploughed the sea at full sail.
③Let's go for a sail this afternoon.
2.extend vt.扩展；使伸长；延长
The car park has been extended.
那个停车场已被扩建了。
They asked the government to extend its period of deliberation.
他们要求政府延长审议的时间。
[造句]　果树枝伸出墙外。
The branches of the fruit trees extended out over the fences.
[知识拓展]
(1)extend from ...to ...从……延伸到……
extend out 伸出
extend through...贯穿……；达到整个……的长度
(2)extension n. 延伸，扩展
①The tourist season extends from May to October.
②The girls competed for it，their hands extended out into the air.
③I mean to be talking about a single thing that was extended through time.
[小片段填空]
Take off extension and the legs should be fully extended on top of the jump.(extend)
3.negotiate vt.商定；达成(协议) vi.谈判；磋商；协商
Rents are individually negotiated between landlord and tenant.
租金由房东和房客单独协商。
They have refused to negotiate on this issue.
他们拒绝就这一问题进行谈判。
[造句]我设法同当局进行了成功的协商。
I managed to negotiate successfully with the authorities.
[知识拓展]
negotiate a price 商谈价格
negotiate with...同……协商；谈判；交涉
negotiate for...为……谈判
negotiate into...通过谈判使进入
①We are negotiating for the release of the prisoners.
②I'll negotiate with their coach on the date of the match.
③So what is the best way to negotiate your way into a mobile work lifestyle
4.withdraw vi.& vt.(使)撤回；撤离
The general decided to withdraw his soldiers.
那位将军决定撤军。
[例2]He didn't withdraw his remarks and apologize.
他既没收回发言，也没道歉。
[造句]由于受伤，他不得不退出比赛。
He was forced to withdraw from the competition due to injury.
[知识拓展]
(1)withdraw from...从……撤出，撤回
withdraw money from the bank 从银行取款
withdraw one's eyes from...把视线从……移开(不再看……)
withdraw a remark 收回发言
(2)withdrawal n.收回；取回；撤回；撤退；取款
①Tell the men to withdraw from their new position.
②I'd like to withdraw 1，000 dollars from my savings account and put it in my cheque account.
③He has made several withdrawals from his bank account.
5.bond n.纽带；关系 vt.& vi.增强信任关系；使牢固结合
A strong spiritual bond exists between them.
他们俩在精神上紧密地结合在一起。
This glue makes a good firm bond.
这种胶水粘得很结实。
[造句]他用了六七个字就解释清楚了他们之间的关系。
In half a dozen words，he had explained the bond that linked them.
[知识拓展]
bond between...……之间的联系
bond...to...把……粘在……上；使……结合
①There's a bond between the twins.
②Silver overlay is bonded to the entire surface.
6.in hand 在手头；可供使用
I haven't any money in hand.
我手头一分钱都没有。
Your remarks do not bear on the matter in hand.
你的话和目前这件事没有关系。
[造句]咱们来干手头这件事吧。
Let us address ourselves to the matter in hand.
[知识拓展]
at hand 在手边，在附近
by hand 由人工，用人力
hand in hand 手牵手，携着手
go hand in hand with...与……共同行动；与……相配合；与……一致；与……结合在一起
out of hand 无法控制，不可收拾
①Soon school will end and the vacation will be at hand.
②Higher returns and higher risk usually go hand in hand.
③We received a typewritten letter with a note added by hand.
四、重点句式
1.what引导名词性从句
[教材原句P26] In ancient times，silk from China found its way overland to India，the Middle East，and Rome，along what became known as the Silk Road.
在古代，中国丝绸经由一条陆路运到印度、中东和罗马，这条路就是有名的“丝绸之路”。
[句式分析]
句中what became known as the Silk Road为what引导的名词性从句，作介词along的宾语。
[例1]They've done what they can to help her.
他们已经尽力帮助了她。
[例2]He is no longer what he was.
他已经不是以前的那个样子了。
[造句]似乎过了几个小时他才苦笑着出来。
After what seemed like hours he came out with a bitter smile.
[知识拓展]
what在名词性从句中可用作主语、宾语或表语。该从句在结构上相当于“the＋名词＋定语从句”。
We now live in what is called the Information Age.
我们现在生活在所谓的信息时代。
What we can't get seems better than what we already have.
我们得不到的东西似乎比我们拥有的东西好。
China is no longer what she used to be ten years ago.
中国不再是十年前的样子了。
2.as引导非限制性定语从句
[教材原句P26]Over the centuries，further trading allowed more exploration of the regions to the west of China，as recorded in Du Huan's Record of My Travels in the eighth century.
几个世纪以来，随着贸易的进一步发展，中国西部地区得到了更大的开发，这一点在8世纪杜环的《经行记》中有所记载。
[句式分析]
句中as recorded in Du Huan's Record of My Travels in the eighth century是关系代词as引导的非限制性定语从句，as指代整个主句的内容。
[例1]As is known to the United States，Mark Twain is a great American writer.
美国人都知道，马克 吐温是一位伟大的美国作家。
[例2]He forgot to bring his pen with him，as was often the case.
他忘了带笔，这是常有的事。
[造句]正如我曾告诉过你的，这也是你工作的一部分。
As I told you before，this is also part of your work.
[知识拓展]
(1)as引导非限制性定语从句时，指代整个主句的内容，置于主句的前、中、后均可，意为“正如……”。
(2)as在非限制性定语从句中作主语时，通常可用it作形式主语，后接that引导的主语从句或用what引导的主语从句来转换。
This man，as you know，is good for nothing.
这个人，正如你所知道的，一事无成。
Einstein，as is well known，is a famous scientist.
＝ It is well known that Einstein is a famous scientist.
＝ What is well known is that Einstein is a famous scientist.
众所周知，爱因斯坦是一位著名的科学家。

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