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UNIT 4　ADVERSITY AND COURAGE
主题语境：人与自我——优秀品行，正确的人生态度
一、单词分类识记——用时少·见效高
识记单词写对
Ⅰ.知其意
1.adversity n. ________________
2.expedition n. ________________
3.vigour n. ________________
4.cupboard n. ________________
5.steward n. ________________
6.stove n. ________________
7.miserable adj. ________________
8.cosy adj. ________________
9.bark vi. & n. ________________
10.rugby n. ________________
11.bat n. ________________
vi. & vt. ________________
12.nephew n. ________________
13.corporate adj. ________________
14.motor n. ________________
adj. ________________
Ⅱ.写其形
1.__________ n．工资
2.__________ adv.& prep.上(船、飞机、公共汽车等)
3.__________ n．毯子
4.__________ n. & vi.航海；航行
5.__________ n．海军；海军部队
6.__________ adj.脾气好的/坏的
7.__________ adj.真正的；真诚的；可信赖的
8.__________ n．(轮船、飞机等上面的)全体工作人员；专业团队；一群人
9.__________ n. 家具
10.________ n．娱乐；消遣；游戏
11.________ adj.汹涌的；粗糙的；粗略的
12.________ n．动机；原因；目的
13.________ n．候选人；应试者
14.________ adj.潮湿的；湿气重的
核心单词练透
1.Friends are not books, yet books are friends. Friends may betray you, while books are always ________ (忠诚的).
2.When Mary conducted the evening party on the stage, her colleagues looked at her with ________ (羡慕).
3.While we were in their home, we helped do a ________ (彻底的) cleaning, sweeping the floor and tidying the house.
4.There is a famous saying based on Chinese philosophy：“________ (味苦的) pills may have blessed effects.”
5.Under the ________ (指导) of our teacher，we finished the experiment perfectly.
6.When I learned that I failed in the exam，my heart ________ (下沉)．
拓展单词用活
[记全记牢]
1.________ vt.分派；布置；分配→________ n．任务；作业；分配
2.________ n．& vt.羡慕；妒忌→________ adj.嫉妒的；羡慕的
3.________ n．[pl.] 财物；动产→________ vi.属于；应在(某处)
4.________ adj.自私的→________ adv.自私地→________ n．自私
5.________ n．毅力；韧性；不屈不挠的精神→________ vi.坚持；孜孜以求
6.________ vi.& vt.决定；决心；解决(问题或困难) n．决心；坚定的信念→________ n．决议；解决；坚定；决心
7.________ n．广告活动；广告业→________ vt.& vi.公布；宣传；做广告→________ n．广告；宣传
8.________ adj.忠诚的；忠实的→________ n．忠诚；忠实
[用准用活]
9.He has educational ________ and hence he is well ________ for the job as a tutor.(qualify)
10.Today I am as ________ about my job as the first day and my ________ enables me to treat my job ________．(enthusiastic)
11.Passengers were standing on the dock, waiting to ________ (aboard)．
12.________， he received a large ________ from his uncle who is warm-hearted and generous.(fortunate)
13.He ________ himself to working day and night.His ________ won him a great reputation.(commit)
14.Under the ________ of the qualified ________， we traveled around places of interest very happily.(guide)
二、短语语境记忆——不枯燥·兴趣高
记全记牢
用准用活
1.________________　　　拒绝(某人)
2.________________ 生火
3.________________ 放出(热、光、气味或气体)
4.________________ 保持某人高昂的情绪
5.________________ 使某人振作起来
6.________________ 对……厌倦的
7.________________ 回报某人
8.________________ 困住；陷于
9.________________ 对……热情
10.________________ 坚持住；等一下；别挂断
选用左栏短语填空
1.The rotting bananas are ____________ a bad smell, so you'd better throw them away.
2.In the face of all these difficulties, we should not be discouraged but ____________. (劝慰信)
3.The hall was full, and hundreds of fans had to be ____________.
4.The teacher's encouragement ____________her ____________， and her face lit up with joy.(读后续写之情感描写)
三、句式仿写用活——造佳句·表达妙
句式背诵
句型1　It happened that...碰巧……
(教材原句)Well, it so happened that one morning I bought a newspaper and read the advertisement about the Antarctic expedition. 好吧，一天早晨，我碰巧买了份报纸，看到了这则有关南极探险的招募广告。
句型2　if 引导虚拟条件句
(教材原句)If it weren't for sea animals, we would all starve．如果没有海洋动物，我们都会饿死。
句型3　keep＋宾语＋宾语补足语
(教材原句)Our discipline and team spirit kept us optimistic and helped us deal with our fears in a positive and successful way.我们的纪律和团队精神让我们保持乐观，并帮助我们以积极和成功的方式应对我们的恐惧。
句式仿写
1.碰巧我看过贾玲导演的电影，所以我把情节告诉了他们。
__________________________________ I had seen the film directed by Jia Ling, so I told them the plot.
2.要不是互联网，我们不可能这么容易地保持联系。
________________________， we couldn't keep in touch with each other so easily.
3.你最好每天留出一些时间运动一下以便保持精力充沛。
You had better set aside some time every day for sports so that you can ____________________________________________．
一、核心单词重点练——测能力·博高分
1 enthusiastic adj.热情的；热心的　enthusiastically adv.热情地；热心地　enthusiasm n．热情；热忱
(1)be enthusiastic about (doing) sth.　　　　　　　对(做)……热情
(2)lack/be full of enthusiasm 缺乏/充满热情
with enthusiasm (＝enthusiastically) 热情地
【练透】　单句语法填空/完成句子
①Inspired by the ________ (enthusiastic) and encouragement, David quickened his pace in high spirits.[2022·新高考Ⅰ卷读后续写]
②尽管失败了几次，伯纳德和杰克仍然热情地做爆米花。
Bernard and Jack still made popcorn ________________________ in spite of several failures.
③我不仅热情而且容易相处，这使得我能胜任报纸上所刊登的志愿者工作。(应用文之个人优势)
__________________，which makes me qualified for the voluntary work advertised in the newspaper.
2 aboard adv.& prep.上(船、飞机、公共汽车等)
(1)go aboard　　上船(飞机、火车等)
(2)on board 在船(火车或飞机)上
(3)broad adj. 宽阔的；广阔的
abroad adv. 在/到国外；在/到海外
go abroad 出国
【练透】　 完成句子
①He was tall ________________ (宽宽的肩膀) and a beard and always ________________ (面带微笑)．
②Learning that you will ______________ (国外深造)，I'm writing to inform you of some necessary dos and don'ts.
③这对年轻夫妇一上船，他们就吃东西、说话、大笑，好像他们是这世界上仅存的人。
The instant ______________________________，they were eating，talking and laughing loudly as if they were the only people in the world.
3 envy n．& vt.羡慕；嫉妒　envious adj.嫉妒的；羡慕的
(1)envy sb. sth.　 　羡慕某人有某物
envy sb. doing sth. 羡慕某人做某事
(2)with envy 羡慕地；嫉妒地
out of envy 出于嫉妒
green with envy 嫉妒地眼红
【练透】　 单句语法填空/完成句子
①All the girls at the dance watched her __________ envy when she danced with the prince.
②老实说，我真羡慕你获得了优秀毕业生的称号，我应该向你学习。
Honestly speaking，I ______________________ the Excellent Graduate and I should follow your example.
③李明不仅学得快，而且善于用逻辑思维解决难题，我十分羡慕。
Not only is Li Ming quick at learning but also he is good at solving tough problems with logical mind. ________________________．
4 abandon vt.舍弃；抛弃；放弃　n．放任；放纵　abandoned adj.被遗弃的；放纵的
(1)abandon doing sth. 放弃做某事
abandon oneself to doing sth. 沉湎于做某事；放纵(感情)于做某事
(2)with abandon 纵情；放任地
(3) be abandoned to... 沉湎于……
【练透】　 单句语法填空/句型转换
①The one in the new environment should be sympathetic to the fact that your friend may feel ________ (abandon). [2022·全国乙卷]
②The ________ (abandon) boy finally abandoned ________ (attend), and he was even found abandoning himself to ________ (take) drugs.
③I abandoned myself to computer games. I performed extremely badly in the end-of-term examination.
→________________________，I performed extremely badly in the end-of-term examination.(现在分词短语作状语)
→________________________，I performed extremely badly in the end-of-term examination.(过去分词短语作状语)
5 sink (sank/sunk, sunk, sinking)vi. 沉没；下沉；下降　vt.使下沉；使沉没
sink into /down/back　颓然坐下/重重倒下
one' s heart/spirits sink 心情沉重； 情绪低落
a sinking feeling/ship 颓丧感/沉船
【练透】　单句语法填空/完成句子
①The moment his head hit the pillow, he ________(sink) into a deep sleep.
②For a long time, he just stared at the blank before him, merrily, ________ (sink) in sweet memories in the past.
③大卫只走了几米就绊了一跤，倒在地上，这使我的心沉了下去。[2022·新高考Ⅰ卷读后续写]
David had only gone a few metres before he tripped and fell flat on the ground, ______________________．
6 resolve vi.& vt.决定；决心；解决(问题或困难)　n．决心；坚定的信念　resolution n．决定；解决；决心
resolve to do sth.　　决定做某事
make a resolution to do... 下定决心做……
【练透】　单句语法填空/完成句子
①________ (resolve) conflicts，we should learn to communicate more and put ourselves in others' place.
②I resolved ________ (turn) down his invitation because my teacher assigned too much homework.
③文化遗产代表我们祖先的智慧，因此我们国家决定不遗余力地保护它们。
Cultural relics represent the wisdom of our ancestors，so our country __________________ them.
● 划重点　练透易错点 ●
维度一　词形转换和动词形式变化
1．We have resolved ____________ (reduce) our carbon footprint by restricting the amount of carbon dioxide our lifestyles produce.
2．________ (fortunate), they didn't seize the opportunity to finish these ________ (assign) ahead of time.
3．Dozens of ________ (qualify) students took part in the campaign and practised frequently under the ________ (guide) of some experienced writers and teachers.
4．If you are serious about our relationship, you should make a ________ (commit)．
5．He ________ (envy) by his friends because he was selected to attend the ceremony on behalf of the enterprise.
6．My heart ________ (sink) when I was informed that my moderate reforms ended up in failure.
维度二　固定用法和搭配
After seeing the advertisement in the newspaper, Perce Blackborow resolved ①________ (join) the Antarctic expedition led by Sir Ernest Shackleton no matter what challenges might lie ahead. Unfortunately, his application was turned ②________ because he was too young and not qualified ③________ the expedition. However, he managed to get aboard the Endurance with his friend's help. He ④________ (hide) in a cupboard, but was soon discovered and brought to Shackleton. Although the captain was angry, he assigned the boy ⑤________ (cook) for the crew. Their voyage did not go smoothly, and the Endurance became ⑥________ (stick) in the ice. Before the Endurance was crushed and ⑦________ (sink) into the sea, Shackleton had the ship ⑧________ (abandon), and the crew had to camp on ice. They then sailed to Elephant Island. Soon after that, Shackleton selected a boat party and set off ⑨________ South Georgia Island to seek help.
维度三　熟词生义
1．To my sadness，my son was abandoned to smoking and drinking.____________
2．[2021·新高考Ⅰ卷]Jenna threw the burnt piece into the sink and put in the other slice of bread.____________
3．The bark of the young tree was removed and soon it died.____________
二、短语句式精准练——测素养·快增分
1 句型公式：as...as...意为“和……一样”，表示同级比较。
as＋adj./adv.＋as...，还有如下用法：
(1)否定式：not as/so＋adj./adv.＋as...
(2)倍数＋as＋adj./adv.＋as...
(3)as much/many＋名词＋as...(教材原句)How could I become as selfish and bad-tempered as Thomas Orde-Lees!
我怎么能变得像托马斯·奥德利斯一样自私和脾气暴躁呢！
【练透】　完成句子
①他和我一样勤奋，因此，他已取得了和我一样多的进步。
He is ________________，so he ________________．
②我们投入的时间和精力是其他同学的两倍，所以我深信老师们会高度评价我们的项目。[2022·浙江1月卷读后续写]
We devoted ______________________，so I was greatly convinced that our project would be highly thought of by our teachers.
③在我看来，这本书没有你认为的那么有趣。
As far as I am concerned，the book is ______________________．
2 句型公式：if 引导虚拟条件句
本句为if引导的虚拟条件句，叙述与现在事实相反的假设。虚拟语气在if虚拟条件句中的运用如下：
虚拟条件句 主句
与现在事实相反的假设 动词的过去式(be动词一般用were) would/could/should/might＋动词原形
与过去事实相反的假设 had＋过去分词 would/could/should/might＋have＋过去分词
与将来事实相反的假设 (1)动词的过去式(2)were to＋动词原形(3)should＋动词原形 would/could/should/might＋动词原形
(教材原句)If it weren't for sea animals，we would all starve．
如果没有海洋动物，我们都会挨饿。
【练透】　完成句子
①如果我是一名环卫工人，我会让我们的城市更干净，让街上没有任何垃圾。(应用文之演讲稿)
______________________，I would make our city cleaner with no rubbish lying on the street.
②如果我明天看到他，我就会告诉他我在昨天举行的比赛中获得了第一名的好消息。
If I saw/were to see/should see him tomorrow，I ________________ that I ranked first in the competition held yesterday.
③要不是你的帮助，我就不会在英语写作比赛中获得一等奖。(应用文之感谢信)
________________________， I wouldn't have won the first prize in the English Writing Competition.
● 划重点　练透热考点 ●
维度一　完成句子
1．虽然被困在交通堵塞中，但一想到即将到来的假期，他的心情仍然很好。(读后续写之情感描写)
________________________________________， he was still in a good mood at the thought of the coming holiday.
2．面对各种困难，我们不应灰心而应保持良好的心态。(劝慰信)
In the face of all these difficulties, we should not be discouraged but ________________________．
3．只要你足够自信，抓住每个和别人聊天的机会，你就可以改变这种情况。
__________________________，you can transform the situation.
4．在我们的教学楼的前面矗立着两棵大树，它们增添了校园之美。
________________________，which add to the beauty of our schoolyard.
维度二　固定搭配和句式
根据提示，运用本单元的词汇、短语及句式或使用词汇的正确形式完成下面的语篇
When it comes to the Silk Road, Zhang Qian, one of the most influential explorers of the Silk Road, will come to my mind.
Zhang Qian was a great explorer during the Han Dynasty ①__________________ (被派去西域两次). ②________________ (不管天气多坏), he never abandoned his ③__________ (assign). He made great contributions to opening the east-west route connecting China's Han with the western regions. Furthermore, he not only introduced silk and other products to the west but he also brought back many new products and knowledge of technologies of the outside world ④______________________________ (用倒装句升级加黑体部分).
⑤__________________________________________ (最激励我的是他完成探险的毅力和决心).
Part 1　应用文写作技巧练(短文——优秀品行)
第一步　斟酌词句　靓化表达 (加黑体部分请用本单元所学词汇)
1．面对逆境，最重要的是有毅力砥砺前行。
______________________________ to plod on. (非谓语动词作状语＋主语从句)
2．以汉代最有影响力的探险家之一张骞为例，面对困境他表现出了非凡的忍耐力和毅力。(定语从句)
Take Zhang Qian, one of the most influential explorers during the Han Dynasty as an example, ____________________________．
3．张骞两次被派往西域。
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
4．他曾被关押了十多年，但他从未放弃远征的目的。
He was once detained for over ten years, ________________________________．
5．尽管旅途艰苦，但他的奉献确实促进了丝绸之路沿线的东西方商业和文化的交流。
Despite ________________ journey conditions, __________________________ between the East and the West along the Silk Road.
6．在他的激励下，我决心无论遇到任何困难都要坚持自己的目标。
Inspired by him, __________________.
第二步　恰当过渡　完美成文(请利用恰当的过渡衔接词汇，如furthermore, thus等)
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Part 2　读后续写微技能练(动作描写之“看”一)
短语 ①come into view/sight进入视野； ②lock one's eyes on盯着； ③fix/focus one's eyes on注视； ④glance at/around/back/up/down瞥一眼/环视/回头看/向上看/向下看； ⑤take/cast a glance at ...向……看一眼； ⑥catch a glimpse of瞥见
短语 ①gape at目瞪口呆地看； ②eyes widen瞪大眼睛； ③peep at/through偷看； ④steal a glance at偷偷瞥一眼； ⑤gaze at盯着看
第一步：按要求用表“看”的表达补全以下各句，并背诵
1．当我走近那幢房子时，远处有一棵枝繁叶茂的大树映入眼帘。
When I approached the house, __________________________. (简单句)
2．我回头瞥了一眼以确保没有人跟着我。
__________________________ to make sure that no one was following me. (简单句)
3．看到没有其他人注意到我，我放下圣诞礼物并按了门铃。(分词短语作状语)
__________________________________， I placed the Christmas present down and pounded the doorbell.
4．我飞快地躲到大树后，偷偷从树后望着门。(简单句)
________________________________________________________________________
5．当詹姆斯出来看到盒子时，他惊讶地瞪大了眼睛。(简单句)
When James came out and spotted the box, __________________________.
6．他的目光落在那件温暖的外套上。(简单句)
________________________________________________________________________
7．他跳起来，眼睛闪闪发光地蹦蹦跳跳地去喊他的妈妈。(独立主格结构)
________________________________________________________________________
第二步：将以上各句合并成小短文并背诵成文，注意使用合适的衔接过渡词汇
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
一、单词分类识记
识记单词写对
Ⅰ.知其意
1.困境；逆境　2.探险；远征；探险队　3.精力；力量；活力　4.橱柜；壁橱；衣柜　5.(轮船、飞机或火车上的)乘务员；服务员　6.炉具；厨房灶具　7.痛苦的；令人难受的　8.温馨的；舒适的
9.(狗)吠叫；吠叫声　10.橄榄球运动　11.球拍；蝙蝠　用球板击球；挥打；拍打　12.侄子；外甥　13.公司的；法人的；社团的
14.发动机；马达　有引擎的；机动车的
Ⅱ.写其形
1.wage　2.aboard　3.blanket　4.voyage　5.navy　6.good/bad-tempered　7.genuine　8.crew　9.furniture　10.recreation
11.rough　12.motive　13.candidate　14.damp
核心单词练透
1.loyal　2.envy　3.thorough　4.Bitter　5.guidance　6.sank/sunk
拓展单词用活
[记全记牢]
1.assign； assignment　2.envy； envious　3.belongings； belong　4.selfish； selfishly； selfishness　5.perseverance； persevere
6.resolve； resolution　7.advertising； advertise； advertisement
8.loyal； loyalty
[用准用活]
9.qualifications； qualified　10.enthusiastic； enthusiasm； enthusiastically　11.board　12.Fortunately； fortune
mitted； commitment　14.guidance； guide
二、短语语境记忆
记全记牢
1.turn sb. down　2.make fire　3.give off　4.keep one's spirits up　5.cheer sb. up　6.be bored with　7.pay sb. back　8.be/become stuck in　9.be enthusiastic about　10.hold on
用准用活
1.giving off　2.keep our spirits up　3.turned down　4.cheered； up
三、句式仿写用活
1.It so happened that
2.If it weren't for the Internet
3.keep yourself energetic
重难突破　解惑释疑
一、核心单词重点练
1.①enthusiasm　②enthusiastically/with enthusiasm　③I am not only enthusiastic but also easy to get along/on with
2.①with broad shoulders； wore a broad smile　②go abroad for further study　③the young couple boarded/went aboard the ship
3.①with　②do envy you getting the title of　③I am green with envy
4.①abandoned　②abandoned； attending； taking　③Abandoning myself to computer games； Abandoned to computer games
5.①sank　②sinking　③which made my heart sink
6.①To resolve　②to turn　③has resolved to spare no effort to protect
划重点　练透易错点
维度一
1.to reduce　2.Unfortunately； assignments　3.qualified； guidance　4.commitment　5.was envied　6.sank
维度二
①to join　②down　③for　④hid　⑤to cook　⑥stuck　⑦sank
⑧abandoned　⑨for
维度三
1.adj.沉湎于　2.n.洗涤槽，水槽　3.n.树皮
二、短语句式精准练
1.①as hard-working as me； has made as much progress as me
②twice as much time and energy as other students did　③not as/so interesting as you think
2.①If I were a dustman　②would inform him of the good news
③If it hadn't been for your help
划重点　练透热考点
维度一
1.Though stuck in the traffic jam　2.keep our spirits up　3.As long as you are confident enough and grasp every chance to chat with others　4.In front of the teaching building stand two huge trees
维度二
①who was assigned to travel to the western regions twice　②No matter how miserable the weather was　③assignment　④not only did he introduce silk and other products to the west but he also brought back many new products and knowledge of technologies of the outside world　⑤What inspires me most is his perseverance and resolution to complete his expeditions
满分写作　妙笔成篇
Part 1
第一步
1.Facing adversity， what matters most is having the perseverance
2.who showed remarkable endurance and perseverance in the face of adversity
3.Zhang Qian was assigned to travel to the Western regions twice.
4.but he never abandoned the motive of his expeditions
5.miserable； his commitment did contribute to the commercial and cultural exchanges
6.I have resolved to stick to my aim regardless of any difficulties
第二步
范文
Facing adversity， what matters most is having the perseverance to plod on.
Take Zhang Qian， one of the most influential explorers during the Han Dynasty as an example， who showed remarkable endurance and perseverance in face of adversity.
Zhang Qian was assigned to travel to the Western regions twice. Unfortunately， he was once detained for over ten years， but he never abandoned the motive of his expeditions. Furthermore， despite miserable journey conditions， his commitment did contribute to the commercial and cultural exchanges between the East and the West along the Silk Road.
Inspired by him， I have resolved to stick to my aim regardless of any difficulties.
Part 2
第一步
1.a big leafy tree came into view/sight at a distance
2.I glanced/looked back over my shoulder
3.Seeing no other people notice me
4.I hid quickly behind the big tree and peeped out at the door.
5.his eyes widened in surprise
6.His eyes fell on the warm overcoat.
7.He jumped/leapt to his feet， his eyes twinkling as he skipped to call his mother.
第二步
范文
When I approached the house， a big leafy tree came into view/sight at a distance. I glanced/looked back over my shoulder to make sure that no one was following me. Seeing no other people notice me， I placed the Christmas present down and pounded the doorbell. After that， I hid quickly behind the big tree and peeped out at the door. When James came out and spotted the box， his eyes widened in surprise. His eyes fell on the warm overcoat. Then， he jumped/leapt to his feet， his eyes twinkling as he skipped to call his mother.(共51张PPT)
UNIT 4　ADVERSITY AND COURAGE
语基落实
重点突破
满分写作
语基落实
一、单词分类识记——用时少·见效高
识记单词写对
Ⅰ.知其意
1.adversity n. ________________
2.expedition n. ________________
3.vigour n. ________________
4.cupboard n. ________________
5.steward n. ________________
6.stove n. ________________
7.miserable adj. ________________
困境；逆境
探险；远征；探险队
精力；力量；活力
橱柜；壁橱；衣柜
(轮船、飞机或火车上的)乘务员；服务员
炉具；厨房灶具
痛苦的；令人难受的
8.cosy adj. ________________
9.bark vi. & n. ________________
10.rugby n. ________________
11.bat n. ________________
vi. & vt. ________________
12.nephew n. ________________
13.corporate adj. ________________
14.motor n. ________________
adj. ________________
温馨的；舒适的
(狗)吠叫；吠叫声
橄榄球运动
球拍；蝙蝠
用球板击球；挥打；拍打
侄子；外甥
公司的；法人的；社团的
发动机；马达
有引擎的；机动车的
Ⅱ.写其形
1.__________ n．工资
2.__________ adv.& prep.上(船、飞机、公共汽车等)
3.__________ n．毯子
4.__________ n. & vi.航海；航行
5.__________ n．海军；海军部队
6._____________ adj.脾气好的/坏的
7.__________ adj.真正的；真诚的；可信赖的
wage
aboard
blanket
voyage
navy
good/bad-tempered
genuine
8.__________ n．(轮船、飞机等上面的)全体工作人员；专业团队；一群人
9.__________ n. 家具
10.________ n．娱乐；消遣；游戏
11.________ adj.汹涌的；粗糙的；粗略的
12.________ n．动机；原因；目的
13.________ n．候选人；应试者
14.________ adj.潮湿的；湿气重的
crew　
furniture　
recreation
rough　
motive　
candidate　
damp
核心单词练透
1.Friends are not books, yet books are friends. Friends may betray you, while books are always ________ (忠诚的).
2.When Mary conducted the evening party on the stage, her colleagues looked at her with ________ (羡慕).
3.While we were in their home, we helped do a ________ (彻底的) cleaning, sweeping the floor and tidying the house.
4.There is a famous saying based on Chinese philosophy：“________ (味苦的) pills may have blessed effects.”
5.Under the ________ (指导) of our teacher，we finished the experiment perfectly.
6.When I learned that I failed in the exam，my heart ________ (下沉)．
loyal　
envy　
thorough　
Bitter　
guidance　
sank/sunk
拓展单词用活
[记全记牢]
1.________ vt.分派；布置；分配→________ n．任务；作业；分配
2.________ n．& vt.羡慕；妒忌→________ adj.嫉妒的；羡慕的
3.________ n．[pl.] 财物；动产→________ vi.属于；应在(某处)
4.________ adj.自私的→________ adv.自私地→________ n．自私
5.___________ n．毅力；韧性；不屈不挠的精神→________ vi.坚持；孜孜以求
6.________ vi.& vt.决定；决心；解决(问题或困难) n．决心；坚定的信念→________ n．决议；解决；坚定；决心
7.________ n．广告活动；广告业→________ vt.& vi.公布；宣传；做广告→___________ n．广告；宣传
8.________ adj.忠诚的；忠实的→________ n．忠诚；忠实
assign
assignment　
envy
envious　
belongings
belong　
selfish
selfishly
selfishness　
perseverance
persevere
resolve
resolution　
advertising
advertise
advertisement
loyal
loyalty
[用准用活]
9.He has educational ___________ and hence he is well ________ for the job as a tutor.(qualify)
10.Today I am as ________ about my job as the first day and my ________ enables me to treat my job ___________．(enthusiastic)
11.Passengers were standing on the dock, waiting to ________ (aboard)．
12.________， he received a large ________ from his uncle who is warm-hearted and generous.(fortunate)
13.He ________ himself to working day and night.His ________ won him a great reputation.(commit)
14.Under the ________ of the qualified ________， we traveled around places of interest very happily.(guide)
qualifications
qualified　
enthusiastic
enthusiasm
enthusiastically　
board　
Fortunately
fortune
committed
commitment　
guidance
guide
二、短语语境记忆——不枯燥·兴趣高
1.________________　拒绝(某人)
2.________________ 生火
3.________________ 放出(热、光、气味或气体)
4.________________ 保持某人高昂的情绪
5.________________ 使某人振作起来
6.________________ 对……厌倦的
7.________________ 回报某人
8.________________ 困住；陷于
9.________________ 对……热情
10.________________ 坚持住；等一下；别挂断
turn sb. down
make fire
give off
keep one's spirits up
cheer sb. up
be bored with
pay sb. back
be/become stuck in
be enthusiastic about
hold on
选用左栏短语填空
1.The rotting bananas are ____________ a bad smell, so you'd better throw them away.
2.In the face of all these difficulties, we should not be discouraged but ________________. (劝慰信)
3.The hall was full, and hundreds of fans had to be ____________.
4.The teacher's encouragement ____________her ______， and her face lit up with joy.(读后续写之情感描写)
giving off
keep our spirits up
turned down
cheered
up
三、句式仿写用活——造佳句·表达妙
句式背诵
句型1　It happened that...碰巧……
(教材原句)Well, it so happened that one morning I bought a newspaper and read the advertisement about the Antarctic expedition. 好吧，一天早晨，我碰巧买了份报纸，看到了这则有关南极探险的招募广告。
句型2　if 引导虚拟条件句
(教材原句)If it weren't for sea animals, we would all starve．如果没有海洋动物，我们都会饿死。
句型3　keep＋宾语＋宾语补足语
(教材原句)Our discipline and team spirit kept us optimistic and helped us deal with our fears in a positive and successful way.我们的纪律和团队精神让我们保持乐观，并帮助我们以积极和成功的方式应对我们的恐惧。
句式仿写
1.碰巧我看过贾玲导演的电影，所以我把情节告诉了他们。
_______________ I had seen the film directed by Jia Ling, so I told them the plot.
2.要不是互联网，我们不可能这么容易地保持联系。
____________________， we couldn't keep in touch with each other so easily.
3.你最好每天留出一些时间运动一下以便保持精力充沛。
You had better set aside some time every day for sports so that you can __________________．
It so happened that
If it weren't for the Internet
keep yourself energetic
重点突破
一、核心单词重点练——测能力·博高分
1 enthusiastic adj.热情的；热心的　enthusiastically adv.热情地；热心地　enthusiasm n．热情；热忱
(1)be enthusiastic about (doing) sth.　对(做)……热情
(2)lack/be full of enthusiasm 缺乏/充满热情
with enthusiasm (＝enthusiastically) 热情地
【练透】　单句语法填空/完成句子
①Inspired by the ________ (enthusiastic) and encouragement, David quickened his pace in high spirits.[2022·新高考Ⅰ卷读后续写]
②尽管失败了几次，伯纳德和杰克仍然热情地做爆米花。
Bernard and Jack still made popcorn ________________________ in spite of several failures.
③我不仅热情而且容易相处，这使得我能胜任报纸上所刊登的志愿者工作。(应用文之个人优势)
__________________________________________，which makes me qualified for the voluntary work advertised in the newspaper.
enthusiasm
enthusiastically/with enthusiasm
I am not only enthusiastic but also easy to get along/on with
2 aboard adv.& prep.上(船、飞机、公共汽车等)
(1)go aboard　　上船(飞机、火车等)
(2)on board 在船(火车或飞机)上
(3)broad adj. 宽阔的；广阔的
abroad adv. 在/到国外；在/到海外
go abroad 出国
【练透】　 完成句子
①He was tall ________________ (宽宽的肩膀) and a beard and always ________________ (面带微笑)．
②Learning that you will ____________________ (国外深造)，I'm writing to inform you of some necessary dos and don'ts.
③这对年轻夫妇一上船，他们就吃东西、说话、大笑，好像他们是这世界上仅存的人。
The instant ____________________________________，they were eating，talking and laughing loudly as if they were the only people in the world.
with broad shoulders
wore a broad smile
go abroad for further study
the young couple boarded/went aboard the ship
3 envy n．& vt.羡慕；嫉妒　envious adj.嫉妒的；羡慕的
(1)envy sb. sth.　 　羡慕某人有某物
envy sb. doing sth. 羡慕某人做某事
(2)with envy 羡慕地；嫉妒地
out of envy 出于嫉妒
green with envy 嫉妒地眼红
【练透】　 单句语法填空/完成句子
①All the girls at the dance watched her __________ envy when she danced with the prince.
②老实说，我真羡慕你获得了优秀毕业生的称号，我应该向你学习。
Honestly speaking，I ______________________ the Excellent Graduate and I should follow your example.
③李明不仅学得快，而且善于用逻辑思维解决难题，我十分羡慕。
Not only is Li Ming quick at learning but also he is good at solving tough problems with logical mind. _________________．
with
do envy you getting the title of
I am green with envy
4 abandon vt.舍弃；抛弃；放弃　n．放任；放纵　abandoned adj.被遗弃的；放纵的
(1)abandon doing sth. 放弃做某事
abandon oneself to doing sth. 沉湎于做某事；放纵(感情)于做某事
(2)with abandon 纵情；放任地
(3) be abandoned to... 沉湎于……
【练透】　 单句语法填空/句型转换
①The one in the new environment should be sympathetic to the fact that your friend may feel ________ (abandon). [2022·全国乙卷]
②The ________ (abandon) boy finally abandoned ________ (attend), and he was even found abandoning himself to ________ (take) drugs.
③I abandoned myself to computer games. I performed extremely badly in the end-of-term examination.
→____________________________，I performed extremely badly in the end-of-term examination.(现在分词短语作状语)
→________________________，I performed extremely badly in the end-of-term examination.(过去分词短语作状语)
abandoned
abandoned
attending
taking
Abandoning myself to computer games
Abandoned to computer games
5 sink (sank/sunk, sunk, sinking)vi. 沉没；下沉；下降　vt.使下沉；使沉没
sink into /down/back　颓然坐下/重重倒下
one' s heart/spirits sink 心情沉重； 情绪低落
a sinking feeling/ship 颓丧感/沉船
【练透】　单句语法填空/完成句子
①The moment his head hit the pillow, he ________(sink) into a deep sleep.
②For a long time, he just stared at the blank before him, merrily, ________ (sink) in sweet memories in the past.
③大卫只走了几米就绊了一跤，倒在地上，这使我的心沉了下去。[2022·新高考Ⅰ卷读后续写]
David had only gone a few metres before he tripped and fell flat on the ground, ______________________．
sank
sinking
which made my heart sink
6 resolve vi.& vt.决定；决心；解决(问题或困难)　n．决心；坚定的信念　resolution n．决定；解决；决心
resolve to do sth.　　决定做某事
make a resolution to do... 下定决心做……
【练透】　单句语法填空/完成句子
①________ (resolve) conflicts，we should learn to communicate more and put ourselves in others' place.
②I resolved ________ (turn) down his invitation because my teacher assigned too much homework.
③文化遗产代表我们祖先的智慧，因此我们国家决定不遗余力地保护它们。
Cultural relics represent the wisdom of our ancestors，so our country ______________________________ them.
To resolve
to turn
has resolved to spare no effort to protect
● 划重点　练透易错点 ●
维度一　词形转换和动词形式变化
1．We have resolved ____________ (reduce) our carbon footprint by restricting the amount of carbon dioxide our lifestyles produce.
2．__________ (fortunate), they didn't seize the opportunity to finish these ________ (assign) ahead of time.
3．Dozens of ________ (qualify) students took part in the campaign and practised frequently under the ________ (guide) of some experienced writers and teachers.
to reduce
Unfortunately
assignments　
qualified
guidance　
4．If you are serious about our relationship, you should make a ___________ (commit)．
5．He ________ (envy) by his friends because he was selected to attend the ceremony on behalf of the enterprise.
6．My heart ________ (sink) when I was informed that my moderate reforms ended up in failure.
commitment　
was envied
sank
维度二　固定用法和搭配
After seeing the advertisement in the newspaper, Perce Blackborow resolved ①________ (join) the Antarctic expedition led by Sir Ernest Shackleton no matter what challenges might lie ahead. Unfortunately, his application was turned ②________ because he was too young and not qualified ③________ the expedition. However, he managed to get aboard the Endurance with his friend's help. He ④________ (hide) in a cupboard, but was soon discovered and brought to Shackleton. Although the captain was angry, he assigned the boy ⑤________ (cook) for the crew.
to join
down　
for　
hid　
to cook
Their voyage did not go smoothly, and the Endurance became ⑥________ (stick) in the ice. Before the Endurance was crushed and ⑦________ (sink) into the sea, Shackleton had the ship ⑧________ (abandon), and the crew had to camp on ice. They then sailed to Elephant Island. Soon after that, Shackleton selected a boat party and set off ⑨________ South Georgia Island to seek help.
stuck
sank
abandoned　
for
维度三　熟词生义
1．To my sadness，my son was abandoned to smoking and drinking.____________
2．[2021·新高考Ⅰ卷]Jenna threw the burnt piece into the sink and put in the other slice of bread.____________
3．The bark of the young tree was removed and soon it died.____________
adj.沉湎于
n.洗涤槽，水槽
n.树皮
二、短语句式精准练——测素养·快增分
1 句型公式：as...as...意为“和……一样”，表示同级比较。
as＋adj./adv.＋as...，还有如下用法：
(1)否定式：not as/so＋adj./adv.＋as...
(2)倍数＋as＋adj./adv.＋as...
(3)as much/many＋名词＋as...(教材原句)How could I become as selfish and bad-tempered as Thomas Orde-Lees!
我怎么能变得像托马斯·奥德利斯一样自私和脾气暴躁呢！
【练透】　完成句子
①他和我一样勤奋，因此，他已取得了和我一样多的进步。
He is ________________，so he ________________________．
②我们投入的时间和精力是其他同学的两倍，所以我深信老师们会高度评价我们的项目。[2022·浙江1月卷读后续写]
We devoted _____________________________________，so I was greatly convinced that our project would be highly thought of by our teachers.
③在我看来，这本书没有你认为的那么有趣。
As far as I am concerned，the book is ______________________．
as hard-working as me
has made as much progress as me
twice as much time and energy as other students did
not as/so interesting as you think
2 句型公式：if 引导虚拟条件句
本句为if引导的虚拟条件句，叙述与现在事实相反的假设。虚拟语气在if虚拟条件句中的运用如下：
虚拟条件句 主句
与现在事实相反的假设 动词的过去式(be动词一般用were) would/could/should/might＋动词原形
与过去事实相反的假设 had＋过去分词 would/could/should/might＋have＋过去分词
与将来事实相反的假设 (1)动词的过去式(2)were to＋动词原形(3)should＋动词原形 would/could/should/might＋动词原形
(教材原句)If it weren't for sea animals，we would all starve．
如果没有海洋动物，我们都会挨饿。
【练透】　完成句子
①如果我是一名环卫工人，我会让我们的城市更干净，让街上没有任何垃圾。(应用文之演讲稿)
_______________，I would make our city cleaner with no rubbish lying on the street.
If I were a dustman
②如果我明天看到他，我就会告诉他我在昨天举行的比赛中获得了第一名的好消息。
If I saw/were to see/should see him tomorrow，I ____________________________ that I ranked first in the competition held yesterday.
③要不是你的帮助，我就不会在英语写作比赛中获得一等奖。(应用文之感谢信)
_____________________， I wouldn't have won the first prize in the English Writing Competition.
would inform him of the good news
If it hadn't been for your help
● 划重点　练透热考点 ●
维度一　完成句子
1．虽然被困在交通堵塞中，但一想到即将到来的假期，他的心情仍然很好。(读后续写之情感描写)
_______________________， he was still in a good mood at the thought of the coming holiday.
2．面对各种困难，我们不应灰心而应保持良好的心态。(劝慰信)
In the face of all these difficulties, we should not be discouraged but _______________．
Though stuck in the traffic jam
keep our spirits up
3．只要你足够自信，抓住每个和别人聊天的机会，你就可以改变这种情况。
________________________________________________________，you can transform the situation.
4．在我们的教学楼的前面矗立着两棵大树，它们增添了校园之美。
_______________________________________，which add to the beauty of our schoolyard.
As long as you are confident enough and grasp every chance to chat with others
In front of the teaching building stand two huge trees
维度二　固定搭配和句式
根据提示，运用本单元的词汇、短语及句式或使用词汇的正确形式完成下面的语篇
When it comes to the Silk Road, Zhang Qian, one of the most influential explorers of the Silk Road, will come to my mind.
Zhang Qian was a great explorer during the Han Dynasty ①__________________________________________ (被派去西域两次). ②______________________________ (不管天气多坏), he never abandoned his ③__________ (assign). He made great contributions to opening the east-west route connecting China's Han with the western regions.
who was assigned to travel to the western regions twice
No matter how miserable the weather was　
assignment
Furthermore, he not only introduced silk and other products to the west but he also brought back many new products and knowledge of technologies of the outside world ④______________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________ (用倒装句升级加黑体部分).
⑤_________________________________________________________ (最激励我的是他完成探险的毅力和决心).
not only did he introduce silk and other products to the west but he also brought back many new products and knowledge of technologies of the outside world
What inspires me most is his perseverance and resolution to complete his expeditions
满分写作
Part 1　应用文写作技巧练(短文——优秀品行)
第一步　斟酌词句　靓化表达 (加黑体部分请用本单元所学词汇)
1．面对逆境，最重要的是有毅力砥砺前行。
______________________________________________ to plod on. (非谓语动词作状语＋主语从句)
2．以汉代最有影响力的探险家之一张骞为例，面对困境他表现出了非凡的忍耐力和毅力。(定语从句)
Take Zhang Qian, one of the most influential explorers during the Han Dynasty as an example, __________________________________________________________．
3．张骞两次被派往西域。
__________________________________________________________
Facing adversity， what matters most is having the perseverance
who showed remarkable endurance and perseverance in the face of adversity
Zhang Qian was assigned to travel to the Western regions twice.
4．他曾被关押了十多年，但他从未放弃远征的目的。
He was once detained for over ten years, __________________________________________．
5．尽管旅途艰苦，但他的奉献确实促进了丝绸之路沿线的东西方商业和文化的交流。
Despite ____________ journey conditions,
______________________________________________________ between the East and the West along the Silk Road.
6．在他的激励下，我决心无论遇到任何困难都要坚持自己的目标。
Inspired by him, ____________________________________________.
but he never abandoned the motive of his expeditions
miserable
his commitment did contribute to the commercial and cultural exchanges
I have resolved to stick to my aim regardless of any difficulties
第二步　恰当过渡　完美成文(请利用恰当的过渡衔接词汇，如furthermore, thus等)
范文
Facing adversity， what matters most is having the perseverance to plod on.
Take Zhang Qian， one of the most influential explorers during the Han Dynasty as an example， who showed remarkable endurance and perseverance in face of adversity.
Zhang Qian was assigned to travel to the Western regions twice. Unfortunately， he was once detained for over ten years， but he never abandoned the motive of his expeditions. Furthermore， despite miserable journey conditions， his commitment did contribute to the commercial and cultural exchanges between the East and the West along the Silk Road.
Inspired by him， I have resolved to stick to my aim regardless of any difficulties.
Part 2　读后续写微技能练(动作描写之“看”一)
短语 ①come into view/sight进入视野； ②lock one's eyes on盯着； ③fix/focus one's eyes on注视； ④glance at/around/back/up/down瞥一眼/环视/回头看/向上看/向下看； ⑤take/cast a glance at ...向……看一眼； ⑥catch a glimpse of瞥见
短语 ①gape at目瞪口呆地看； ②eyes widen瞪大眼睛； ③peep at/through偷看； ④steal a glance at偷偷瞥一眼； ⑤gaze at盯着看
第一步：按要求用表“看”的表达补全以下各句，并背诵
1．当我走近那幢房子时，远处有一棵枝繁叶茂的大树映入眼帘。
When I approached the house, __________________________________. (简单句)
2．我回头瞥了一眼以确保没有人跟着我。
______________________________ to make sure that no one was following me. (简单句)
3．看到没有其他人注意到我，我放下圣诞礼物并按了门铃。(分词短语作状语)
________________________， I placed the Christmas present down and pounded the doorbell.
4．我飞快地躲到大树后，偷偷从树后望着门。(简单句)
________________________________________________________
a big leafy tree came into view/sight at a distance
I glanced/looked back over my shoulder
Seeing no other people notice me
I hid quickly behind the big tree and peeped out at the door.
5．当詹姆斯出来看到盒子时，他惊讶地瞪大了眼睛。(简单句)
When James came out and spotted the box, __________________________.
6．他的目光落在那件温暖的外套上。(简单句)
__________________________________________________________
7．他跳起来，眼睛闪闪发光地蹦蹦跳跳地去喊他的妈妈。(独立主格结构)
__________________________________________________________
his eyes widened in surprise
His eyes fell on the warm overcoat.
He jumped/leapt to his feet， his eyes twinkling as he skipped to call his mother.
第二步：将以上各句合并成小短文并背诵成文，注意使用合适的衔接过渡词汇
范文
When I approached the house， a big leafy tree came into view/sight at a distance. I glanced/looked back over my shoulder to make sure that no one was following me. Seeing no other people notice me， I placed the Christmas present down and pounded the doorbell. After that， I hid quickly behind the big tree and peeped out at the door. When James came out and spotted the box， his eyes widened in surprise. His eyes fell on the warm overcoat. Then， he jumped/leapt to his feet， his eyes twinkling as he skipped to call his mother.UNIT 4　ADVERSITY AND COURAGE
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
[2024·重庆市高三上学期期中]The topic of China's “slash youth” has fueled heated debate on social media recently， drawing attention to the diverse pursuits of the younger generation.
The slash youth， which could also be called slashers or the slash generation， means those who refuse to be defined or bound by just one personal identity. They are keen to present themselves as multiple and sometimes distinct identities， such as a nurse and model， a teacher and stand up comedian， or an engineer and band player. Rather than material comforts， they pursue meaningful achievements.
A study on “slash youth” published in the China Youth Research magazine analyzes the background of this phenomenon： with part of modern society's structured organization and stability norms are broken， flexible labor markets and structural unemployment have emerged， eliminating the sense of job security for young people in employment. Young people also face the dilemma of self actualization， including the sense of powerlessness， a lost sense of value and a lack of self identity in their profession， which forces them to re find the meaning of work.
“The ‘slash life’ shows that our society is becoming more and more diversified and inclusive and it welcomes everyone's self fulfillment，” said Shi Yanrong， an associate researcher from Tianjin Academy of Social Sciences. The researcher added that in the current context where people have multiple interests and are willing to pay for these interests nowadays， the “slash life” of the youth would drive the growth of a new economy， just as animation culture affected the market.
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
1.Which is true about the slash youth？
A．Tending to pursue meaningful achievements.
B．Enjoying posting themselves on social media.
C．Adjusting themselves to challenges in life.
D．Refusing to undertake multiple careers.
2.What is Paragraph 3 mainly about？
A．The significance of flexible labor markets.
B．Reasons for the appearance of slash youth.
C．Young people's interest in their profession.
D．Causes of losing power among the youth.
3.What does Shi Yanrong think of the slash life？
A．It can gain people's independence.
B．It inspires young people's creativity.
C．It can pick up an economic growth.
D．It enables young people to earn high.
4.What is the purpose of the text？
A．To provide latest career guidance.
B．To introduce a social phenomenon.
C．To analyze a new cultural difference.
D．To highlight a unique life experience.
B
[2024·江苏省镇江市高三学情调查]Eugene Newman Parker， a leading figure in heliospheric (日球层的) physics for the past half century， passed away peacefully at his home in Chicago on Mar. 15. He was 94.
Hailed (誉为) as a visionary in the field of heliophysics， Parker revolutionized our understanding of the sun and its effects on Earth and other bodies within the solar system. NASA even stated that “the field of heliophysics exists in large part because of Dr. Eugene Parker.” In 2018， Parker became the first living scientist to witness the launch of a spacecraft that was named in his honor.
Parker is best known for his groundbreaking theory on the existence of a phenomenon called “solar wind”， a continuous stream of charged particles that flow off the sun. It can become violent， causing space weather that impacts the Earth. When Parker's research was published in 1958， his theory was initially met with skepticism (怀疑) and ridicule by the scientific community. The general view at the time was that the space between planets was an absolute vacuum (真空)， and was thus completely empty of any matter. But， there were no errors in his study or his calculations， and the theory was later proven to be correct in 1962， when a NASA spacecraft mission to Venus revealed the constant presence of a supersonic wind—exactly as Parker had predicted.
That experience likely led to the advice Parker often gave young researchers： “If you do something new or innovative， expect trouble. But think critically about it because if you're wrong， you want to be the first one to know that.” Parker never co authored a paper with his students， thus urging them to be independent.
Parker was humble， straightforward， and wise. His son Eric said， “My sister Joyce and I didn't get a real feel for what a ‘big dog’ our dad was in the field.” They got an even better sense when a month after Parker's death， they traveled to Lund， Sweden， to accept on his behalf the Crafoord Prize in Astronomy.
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
5.What can we learn from the second paragraph？
A．A spacecraft was named in memory of Parker.
B．The sun has less effects on Earth than expected.
C.Parker deserved credit for his great contributions.
D．NASA provided new insights into the lunar effect.
6.Why did people view Parker's theory of “solar wind” skeptically at first？
A．It went against the popular opinion at that time.
B．Some mistakes were found in his calculations.
C．The presence of a supersonic wind was proven by NASA.
D．Matter was believed to exist in the space between planets.
7.What did Parker suggest young researchers do？
A．Seek close cooperation.
B．Avoid high expectations.
C．Learn by trial and error.
D．Compete against others.
8.What words can be used to describe Parker according to the passage？
A．Straightforward and generous.
B．Responsible and accessible.
C．Intelligent yet conservative.
D．Distinguished yet modest.
Ⅱ.七选五
[2024·河北省衡水市部分重点高中二模]We are all victims of climate change. Fighting with climate change can feel stressed， but there are a lot of things you can do to protect yourself and your loved ones. Experts recommend the following steps.
●__1__ Talk to your doctor about what types of alerts or weather events you should be looking out for when it comes to heat， stress interactions with medications， or exposures to heat， cold and virus.
●Prepare an emergency supply kit. This is especially important if you live in an area where flooding， hurricanes， or wildfires break out easily. Your family need to be safe. __2__
●Eat less meat， and take more vitamins. Research found that the diets low in meat and high in fruits and vegetables were linked with less greenhouse gas emissions. __3__ Therefore， you should reduce people's vulnerability in high temperatures.
●Reduce the amount of single use plastics in your life. The Natural Resources Defense Council says that small individual choices can add up. __4__ For example， you can carry grocery bags and a reusable water bottle and cook more at home.
●Pay attention to heat warnings， and find ways to stay cool. __5__ If you have air conditioning， make sure it is working， or find out a place with air conditioning， like a shopping mall， public library， or cooling shelter or community. Make sure you check on your friends during a heat wave， and ask that they check on you.
A．Increase your health knowledge.
B．It has tips on using easy alternatives.
C．Don't be exposed to all kinds of climates.
D．They could also lower risks of some diseases.
E．And don't forget emergency supplies for pets！
F.Housing quality plays a huge role in your staying cool.
G．Even a few hours a day of air conditioning can avoid heat illness.
[答题区]
1.____________　　2.____________　　3.____________　　4.____________　　5.____________
Ⅲ.语法填空
[2024·广东省部分名校高三联合质量检测]When thinking of traveling in Greece， your mind may wander to images of ferries cruising (巡航) across the Aegean Sea. Taking to the water is essential if you plan to travel between the Greek islands， but there 1.________ (be) plenty of other ways to enjoy Greece's amazing landscapes， including planes， trains， buses 2.________ bicycles.
Cycling in Greece is growing in 3.________ (popular)， best done in spring and fall rather than high summer. Strong leg muscles are 4.________ must to tackle the mountains， or you can stick to some of the 5.________ (flat) coast roads than the mountain roads. Some are bicycle friendly， but others have such steep roads 6.________ cycling is not recommended.
Overall， cycling infrastructure around Greece leaves something to be desired. Bicycle lanes are rare to nonexistent， and there is a real danger from speeding cars —7.________ (drive) by locals and tourists alike.
Bicycles may be carried for free on some ferries， while on others， there may be a fee， or they may not be allowed at all because of a lack of space on board.
You can rent bicycles in most tourist hangouts， but they are not as 8.________ (wide) available as cars and motorcycles. Prices range 9.________ 10 to 20 per day， 10.________ (depend) on the type of bicycle. Always make sure the rental cost includes the use of a helmet.
[答题区]
1.____________　　2.____________　　3.____________　　4.____________　　5.____________
6.____________　　7.____________　　8.____________　　9.____________　　10.____________
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了什么是“斜杠青年”和现在的青年人为什么要成为“斜杠青年”，及他们对社会产生的影响。
1.答案与解析：A　细节理解题。根据第二段“Rather than material comforts， they pursue meaningful achievements.”可知，关于“斜杠青年”正确的是他们倾向于追求有意义的成就。
2.答案与解析：B　主旨大意题。通读第三段可知，年轻人在就业中失去工作安全感，并且面临着自我实现的困境，包括在职业中的无力感、价值感的丧失和自我认同的缺乏，推断出第三段主要讲述了“斜杠青年”这一社会现象出现的原因。
3.答案与解析：C　推理判断题。根据最后一段推断，史燕荣认为斜杠生活可以促进经济增长。
4.答案与解析：B　推理判断题。根据第一段“The topic of China's ‘slash youth’ has fueled heated debate on social media recently， drawing attention to the diverse pursuits of the younger generation.”可知，这篇文章的主要目的是为了介绍“斜杠青年”这种社会现象。
B
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了日球物理学的领军人物，尤金·纽曼·帕克的贡献以及他对年轻人的影响。
5.答案与解析：C　推理判断题。根据第二段中“Parker revolutionized our understanding of the sun and its effects on Earth and other bodies within the solar system.”以及“NASA even stated that ‘the field of heliophysics exists in large part because of Dr. Eugene Parker.’”可知，帕克对整个日球物理学领域做出了极大的贡献，他是值得赞扬的。
6.答案与解析：A　细节理解题。根据第三段中“ When Parker's research was published in 1958， his theory was initially met with skepticism (怀疑) and ridicule by the scientific community.”以及“The general view at the time was that the space between planets was an absolute vacuum (真空)， and was thus completely empty of any matter.”可知，人们起初对帕克的“太阳风”理论持怀疑态度，因为它违背了当时的流行观点。故选A。
7.答案与解析：C　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“That experience likely led to the advice Parker often gave young researchers： ‘If you do something new or innovative， expect trouble. But think critically about it because if you're wrong， you want to be the first one to know that.”可知，帕克给年轻人的建议是从错误和尝试中学习。故选C。
8.答案与解析：D　推理判断题。根据第二段中“Hailed (誉为) as a visionary in the field of heliophysics， Parker revolutionized our understanding of the sun and its effects on Earth and other bodies within the solar system.”以及根据最后一段中“Parker was humble， straightforward， and wise.”可知，帕克是杰出但谦逊的。故选D。
Ⅱ.七选五
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。介绍了在气候变化的情况下保护自己和家人的一些措施。
1.答案与解析：A　下文建议大家和医生谈论健康和天气话题，故A项“增加你的健康常识”为该段主旨句。
2.答案与解析：E　根据上下文可知，此处指除了人之外，宠物的应急设备也要准备。故E项“别忘了宠物的应急用品”符合语境。
3.答案与解析：D　根据该段的主旨句“少吃肉，多摄入维生素”可知，D项“它们(the diets)还可以降低患某些疾病的风险”符合语境。
4.答案与解析：B　上文指出“The Natural Resources Defense Council”提出了一些建议，故B项“它提供了使用简单替代品的建议”与上下文关系紧密。
5.答案与解析：G　根据该段首句和下文中的air conditioning可知，G项“即使每天开几个小时的空调也可以避免中暑”与上下文关系紧密。
Ⅲ.语法填空
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了希腊骑自行车旅行的好处。
1.答案与解析：are　根据上文“Taking to the water is essential”可知为一般现在时，主语为plenty of other ways，谓语用复数。故填are。
2.答案与解析：and　此处planes、trains、buses与bicycles为并列关系，应用连词and。
3.答案与解析：popularity　作介词in的宾语应用名词popularity。
4.答案与解析：a　此处must为可数名词，表示泛指且是发音以辅音音素开头的单词。故填a。
5.答案与解析：flatter　据后文“than the mountain roads”可知应用形容词的比较级。故填flatter。
6.答案与解析：that　此处为such...that...引导结果状语从句。
7.答案与解析：driven　分析句子结构可知drive与逻辑主语cars构成被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。
8.答案与解析：widely　修饰形容词available应用副词widely，故填widely。
9.答案与解析：from　短语range from...to表示“从……到……变化”。故填from。
10.答案与解析：depending　分析句子结构可知depend与其逻辑主语Prices构成主动关系，故用现在分词作状语。故填depending。

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