人教版(2024)七年级英语上册Unit 7 Happy birthday语法讲义

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人教版(2024)七年级英语上册Unit 7 Happy birthday语法讲义

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新人教版(2024)七年级上册英语语法Unit 7 Happy birthday
语法基础
一、序数词的定义与构成
序数词是用来表示数词顺序的词。在英语中,序数词一般由基数词加后缀“-th”构成,但需注意第一、第二、第三的序数词形式特殊,需单独记忆(first, second, third)。此外,还有一些序数词形式不规则,如fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth等。
二、序数词的常见用法
与定冠词“the”连用:
序数词前面一般要加定冠词“the”,表示“第几”的意思。例如:The first student to come to school is usually Jim.(第一个到校的学生通常是吉姆。)
省略“the”的情况:
当序数词前有名词所有格或形容词性物主代词时,不再使用“the”。例如:He is my first English teacher.(他是我的第一位英语老师。)
在比赛或考试的名次前,也可省略“the”。例如:He was second in the exam.(他在考试中得了第二名。)
与不定冠词“a/an”连用:
序数词前也可以使用不定冠词“a”或“an”,表示的含义是“又一,再一”,常常有特定的语言环境。例如:They have two children, and next year they will have a third child.(他们有两个孩子,明年他们将再有第三个孩子。)
用作副词:
序数词也可以用作副词,修饰动词,表示动作发生的顺序。例如:When did you first see him (你第一次见他是什么时候?)
表示日期:
在表示日期时,通常使用序数词。例如:May (the) fifth(5月5日),可以读作或写作May 5, May 5th, May the fifth等。
表示分数:
在表示分数时,分子用基数词,分母用序数词。当分子大于1时,分母要用复数形式。例如:三分之一为one third,三分之二为two thirds。
缩写形式:
序数词可以缩写为阿拉伯数字加序数词最后两个字母。例如:first可以缩写为1st,second缩写为2nd,third缩写为3rd等。
三、特殊用法与注意事项
编了号的事物:
编了号的事物通常用基数词表示顺序,但基数词要后置。例如:第一课为Lesson One,第三十二页为Page 32。
序数词的拼写与读音:
需特别注意第一、第二、第三及部分不规则序数词的拼写与读音。
固定搭配:
序数词在固定搭配中有特定用法,如at first(起初),for the first time(第一次)等。
特殊疑问句
一、定义与特点
特殊疑问句是以疑问词开头,对句子中的某一特定部分提出疑问的句子。常用的疑问词包括what、who、whose、whom、which、when、where、why、how等。回答特殊疑问句时,不能用“Yes”或“No”,而是需要根据疑问词所询问的内容给出具体答案。
二、疑问词分类与用法
1. 疑问代词
what:询问事物、人的名字、电话号码等。例如:“What's your name ”(你叫什么名字?)
who:询问人。在句中可作主语、宾语或表语。例如:“Who is that man ”(那位男士是谁?)
whose:询问所属关系。例如:“Whose book is this ”(这是谁的书?)
whom:是who的宾格形式,但在口语中常用who代替。例如:“Whom did you see just now ”(你刚才看见了谁?)
which:在一定范围内对事物或人进行询问。例如:“Which color do you like ”(你喜欢哪种颜色?)
2. 疑问副词
when:询问时间。例如:“When do you usually get up ”(你通常什么时候起床?)
where:询问地点。例如:“Where is the library ”(图书馆在哪里?)
why:询问原因。常用“because”引导的句子回答。例如:“Why did you miss the bus ”(你为什么错过了公交车?)
how:询问方式、程度、频率等。例如:“How do you go to school ”(你怎么去上学?)
三、结构特点
特殊疑问句的结构通常为“疑问词+一般疑问句”。其中,疑问词根据询问内容的不同而变化,一般疑问句则按照陈述句的语序进行调整,将助动词、be动词或情态动词提至主语前。
四、常见句型与示例
询问姓名、年龄:
What's your name (你叫什么名字?)
How old are you (你多大了?)
询问颜色:
What color is it (它是什么颜色的?)
询问时间或日期:
What time is it now (现在几点了?)
When is your birthday (你的生日是什么时候?)
询问方位或地方:
Where is the park (公园在哪里?)
询问数量或价钱:
How many books do you have (你有多少本书?)
How much is this coat (这件外套多少钱?)
“How”问句:
How tall are you (你有多高?)
How often do you exercise (你多久锻炼一次?)
询问身体状况或情绪:
How do you feel (你感觉怎么样?)
询问想吃的东西:
What would you like for breakfast (你早餐想吃什么?)
询问天气状况:
What's the weather like today (今天天气怎么样?)
五、注意事项
特殊疑问句的回答要针对疑问词所询问的内容给出具体答案。
注意疑问词在句中的位置和语序变化。
熟悉并掌握常见句型及其用法,以便在实际交流中灵活运用。
语法实践
—____ is your favorite subject
—Math.
A. What B. Who C. When D. Where
—____ do you go to school
—I go to school by bike.
A. What B. How C. When D. Where
—____ does your father work
—He works in a hospital.
A. What B. Where C. How D. When
—____ did you go last Sunday
—I went to the park.
A. What B. Where C. Who D. When
—____ is the population of China
—It's about 1.4 billion.
A. What B. How much C. How many D. Which
—____ does your mother do
—She is a teacher.
A. What B. Who C. How D. Where
—____ will you finish your homework
—In two hours.
A. How long B. How soon C. How often D. How far
—____ is the weather today
—It's sunny.
A. What B. How C. Why D. When
—____ does your sister like best
—She likes music best.
A. What B. Who C. Which D. When
—____ is your English teacher like
—She is very kind.
A. What B. How C. Who D. Where
—____ did you buy this book
—I bought it in a bookstore.
A. Where B. What C. When D. How
—____ do you usually have breakfast
—At 7:00 a.m.
A. What time B. What C. How D. Where
—____ is the nearest supermarket from here
—It's about two kilometers away.
A. How far B. How long C. How soon D. How often
—____ is your phone number
—It's 123-456-7890.
A. What B. How C. Who D. Which
—____ does your grandfather watch TV every day
—For two hours.
A. How soon B. How long C. How often D. How far
—____ is the capital of France
—Paris.
A. What B. Which C. Who D. Where
—____ did you learn to ride a bike
—When I was five years old.
A. What time B. When C. How old D. How
—____ color is your new car
—It's red.
A. What B. Which C. How D. Where
—____ do you visit your grandparents
—Once a week.
A. How long B. How soon C. How often D. How far
—____ is your sister's birthday
—It's on October 1st.
A. What B. When C. How D. Where
参考答案
1-5 ABBBA
6-10 ABAAA
11-15 AAAAB
16-20 BBACB

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