资源简介

(共29张PPT)
1. Just like spoken language, body language varies from culture to culture.
就像口语一样，肢体语言也因文化而异。
vary vi. to be different from each other in size, shape, etc.
(大小、形状等)相异，不同，有别
to change or be different according to the situation
(根据情况)变化，变更，改变
to change something to make it different 改变
e.g.
Old people don’t like to vary their habits.
Quentin’s mood seems to vary according to the weather.
Rooms vary in size but all have television and telephone.
The colours of tree leaves vary with the season.
Ticket prices vary from one airline to another.
In this school, the class numbers vary between 25 and 30.
【归纳】
vary in 在……方面不同
vary with 随……而变化
vary from 不同于……
vary from ... to ... 由……到……不等
vary between ... and ... 由……到……不等
【拓展】
variable adj. 可变的，变化无常的
various adj. 各种各样的，不同的
varied adj. 不同的，各式各样的
variety n. 多样化，不同种类
【语境应用】根据汉语意思补全下面句子（每空一词）。
1) 这些花的颜色和大小都不相同，但都很漂亮。
The flowers ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ but all of them are beautiful.
2) 这家宾馆每个房间的费用由20美元到30美元不等。
The charge for a room in this hotel _______ _________ $20 _______ $30.
3) 一般来说水果和蔬菜价格随季节变化而变化。
Generally speaking, prices of fruit and vegetables ______ ______ ______ ________.
vary in colour and size
varies
between
vary
with
and
the season
/varies from; to
4) 试着不要每句话都以“The”开头。让你的句子的开头有所不同。
Try not to start every sentence with “The”. ________ _______ ___________ ________ your sentences.
the beginnings of
Vary
2. In other countries, by contrast, eye contact is not always approved of.
相反，在其他国家，眼神交流并不总是被接受的。
1) by contrast compare two things/people and the second one
is very different from the first 相比之下
e.g. When you look at their new system, ours seems very old-
fashioned by contrast.
【拓展】in contrast with/to ... 和……形成对比
e.g. His white hair was in sharp contrast with/to his dark skin.
【语境应用】翻译句子。
1) 相比之下，这个新技术容易而且廉价。(by contrast)
2) 就质量而言，没有任何厂家能和我们相比。(in contrast with)
By contrast, the new technique is easy and cheap.
As for the quality, no manufacturers can be in contrast with ours.
2) approve
vi. to think that someone or something is good, right, or suitable
赞成; 同意
【常用结构】 approve of sth. , approve of + 从句
e.g. Mary wanted to go abroad, but her parents didn’t approve.
I believe your parents will approve of your choice.
Everybody in my class approved of what he had done.
vt. to officially accept a plan, proposal etc. 批准; 认可
e.g. Almost all the people in the company approved the new building plans.
We have to wait months for the council to approve our plans.
e.g. Sam always tried hard to win his father’s approval.
The project has now received approval from the government.
【拓展】
approval n. 赞成, 同意, 批准
【语境应用】根据汉语意思补全下面句子(每空一词, 含缩略词)。
1) 这门课程已经被教育部批准了。
The course ________ ________ __________ by the Ministry of Education.
2) 我跟母亲说了我环游全国的计划，但是她不赞同。
I told my mother about my plan to travel around the country but ________ ________ _________.
3) 我真心赞成你正在做的事。
I heartily ________ ______ _______ _______ ______ _______.
4) 没有合伙人的同意我什么也不能答应。
I can’t agree to anything ________ ______ _________ ________.
has been approved
she didn’t approve
approve of what you are doing
without my partner’s approval
3. In Japan, someone who witnesses another person employing the gesture might think it means money.
在日本，有人看到另一个人使用这种手势，可能会认为这意味着“金钱”。
1) witness vt. to see sth. happen (typically a crime or an accident)
当场看到; 目击
to be the place, period, organization, etc. in which
particular events take place
是……发生的地点(或时间、组织等); 见证
e.g. Several people claim to have witnessed the attack.
This university has witnessed quite a few changes over the years.
The past few years have witnessed great changes throughout
Eastern Europe.
n. a person who sees sth. happen and is able to describe it to other people 目击者; 见证人
a person who gives evidence in court 证人
e.g. One witness to the accident said the driver appeared to
be drunk.
The judge asked the witness to speak louder.
【语境应用】将下面句子翻译成汉语。
1) A witness told the police how the fire broke out.
2) I witnessed the traffic accident yesterday afternoon.
3) China has witnessed great changes in the past few decades.
一名目击者告诉了警察这场火灾是怎么发生的。
我昨天下午目击了这场交通事故。
在过去的几十年里中国发生了很大的变化。
2) employ vt. to use a particular object, method, skill etc. in order to achieve something 使用; 应用
to pay someone to work for you 雇佣
e.g. You could employ your spare time better.
Jenny has been employed as a secretary in the company.
【归纳】
employ sb. as ... 雇用某人担任……
employ sb. to do sth. 雇用某人做某事
be employed in (doing) sth. 忙于(做)某事; 从事某活动
【拓展】
employee n. 受雇者; 雇员
employer n. 雇主; 老板
employment n. 雇用; 使用; 职业
【语境应用】根据汉语提示补全下列句子(每空一词)。
1) 别打扰他，他正忙着写作文呢。
Don’t trouble him. He _______ __________ _______ writing a composition.
2) 她失业两年之后被当地的一家书店雇用了。
Having been out of work for two years, she ________ __________ ________ a local bookstore.
employed by
is employed in
was
4. Even the gestures we use for “yes” and “no” differ around the world.
甚至我们用来表示 “是”和 “不”的手势在世界各地也不尽相同。
differ vi. to be different from sth. in some way 相异; 不同于
have opposite opinions 有异议, 有分歧
e.g. People’s tastes in films really differ.
The story Tom told the police differed from the one he told his mother.
The footprints in the desert differ in size and shape.
The two sides still differ about / on / over details of the plan.
My parents differ with each other on that problem.
【归纳】
differ from 不同于……
differ in 在……方面不同
differ about/on/over sth. 在某事上持异议
differ with sb. 与某人有不同意见
【拓展】
different adj. 不同的, 有区别的 (常与介词from搭配)
difference n. 差异, 不同
make a/no/some difference to ... 对……有/没有/有一些影响
【语境应用】汉译英。
1) 昨天他告诉警察的故事与告诉他母亲的不同。
2) 这对年轻的夫妇在孩子的教育上总是有分歧。
3) 你能否得到这份工作应该与你的年龄无关。
Yesterday the story he told police differed from the one he told his mother.
The young couple always differ with each other on / about / over children's education.
Your age should make no difference to whether you get the job or not.
5. Elsewhere, people favour shaking hands, bowing from the waist, or nodding the head when they meet someone else.
在其他地区, 人们在见面时更喜欢握手、弯腰鞠躬或点头。
favour vt. to prefer one system, plan, way of doing sth., etc. to another 较喜欢; 选择
to provide suitable conditions for a particular person, group, etc 有利于; 有助于
e.g. The mother certainly favoured her eldest son.
The wind favoured us and we won the sailing race.
n. a thing that you do to help sb. 帮助; 恩惠
approval or support for sb./sth. 赞同; 支持
e.g. I wonder whether you mind doing me a favour.
I want to ask you a favour / ask a favour of you.
He was in favour of people working shorter hours.
【拓展】
do sb. a favour/do a favour for sb. 帮某人一个忙
ask sb. a favour 求某人帮个忙
in favour of … 赞同, 支持
【语境应用】根据括号内的汉语提示补全下面句子（每空一词）。
1) My sister was against my suggestion while my brother was ________ ________ ________ (支持) it.
2) Could you ________ ________ ________ ________ (帮我一个忙) and turn off the light
do me a favour
in favour of
6. A smile can break down barriers.
微笑可以打破隔阂。
break down 打破, 消除
【归纳】break down
1) After many years, rocks break down into dirt.
2) We are sorry to arrive late, but the car broke down.
3) The plan was good, but it broke down, because they were unwilling to carry it out.
4) If my mother continues to work like this, she will break down soon.
分解, 分化
(机器、车辆等)坏了
(计划，谈判等)失败
(身体)垮了
5) She broke down twice when giving evidence on her son’s death.
6) By helpful kindness the teacher broke down the new boy’s shyness.
【拓展】break短语
break into 强行进入；打断
break off 突然中断
break out (战争、火灾等) 爆发
break through 突破
break up 打碎; 分裂; 解体
感情控制不住(哭起来了)
克服，压倒，粉碎
【语境应用】用含break的短语的正确形式填空。
1) Scientists think they are beginning to ______________ in the fight against cancer.
2) The lift ______________, so we had to walk up the stairs.
3) I was still living in London when the war _____________.
4) Your health will _____________ if you work too hard.
5) She ______________ the glass in her search for money yesterday.
broke up
break through
broke down
broke out
break down
7. And if we are feeling down or lonely, there is nothing better than seeing the smiling face of a good friend.
如果我们感到沮丧或孤独，没有什么比看到一个好朋友的笑脸更好了。
nothing better than
否定词+比较级+than，表示最高级。
用于该结构的否定词有：not, no, never, nothing等。
该结构还可以用：“can’t/couldn’t + 比较级” 的形式。
e.g. This could give her no greater pleasure.
这使她再高兴不过了。
I have never spent a more worrying day.
我从没有过比这更心烦的日子。
I think nothing is more pleasant than traveling.
我觉得没有比旅行更快乐的事情了。
I couldn’t have enjoyed it more, though I felt a little bit cold.
虽然我觉得有点冷，但我玩得的确很开心。
I can’t agree with you more.
我完全同意你的意见。(共34张PPT)
Unit 4
UNIT 4
BODY LANGUAGE
In this unit, you will
1 read about the function of body language and its implications in different cultures.
2 hear and talk about how people use and understand body language.
3 describe how people use body language to express
meaning.
4 appreciate the art of non-verbal humour.
Unit 4 Body Language
What comes to your mind when you see the unit title and the pictures
How do you understand the quote
What does Barthes mean by “my body utters”
我的身体会说出我用言语掩饰的话。
---罗兰·巴特
1. What might the people be doing in the photos
2. What do you think they might be feeling
A younger woman appears to be crying and an older woman looks worried. Both women have closed
postures, showing that they are not particularly receptive to each other.
The younger woman partly turns away and is hiding her face, showing shame, embarrassment, or a desire for privacy.
The older woman is looking at her disapprovingly: While her frown could be interpreted as sympathy for the young woman, the way she is clasping her hands and her tightly crossed legs show that she may be irritated with the younger woman.
Maybe the younger woman received bad news.
Two men are giving each other a “high five”. From the looks on
everyone's faces, the man on the left has either received some good news or has accomplished something important, and so everyone is celebrating with him.
Maybe they did well in a project together.
Two Japanese businessmen are bowing to each other. As they are
bowing quite deeply, the feeling is very formal. That they are also clasping hands is quite unusual --- this is not a mere greeting. The younger man perhaps wants to show great thanks and appreciation to older man because of something the older man has done or promises to do for him, or because the older man is highly respected and the younger man did not expect to have an opportunity to meet him in person.
I think they are making a business deal.
This looks like a scene from a train station, where a girl and her mother are seeing her father off.
I guess the man is leaving for some reason.
3. When and how do you use body language to convey meanings
When words can’t convey fully what I mean, I may adopt some body language to help show how I feel.
(speaking)
(writing)
Spoken
language
Written
language
Body
language
Ways of communicating
gesture
facial expression
action
Understand body language
To get a general idea of body language
To summarize the main idea of the passage
To understand the body language in different countries and use them correctly
Choose five sentences and act them out without speaking. Let your partner guess what you are trying to communicate.
Hello!
Goodbye!
Come here!
Go away!
Too expensive!
I'm surprised!
I'm tired!
I'm confused!
OK!
Good luck!
I'm happy!
I'm upset!
I'm sad!
I forgot!
You're great!
Read the title and look at the picture on page 38. Then talk about the following questions.
What do you think the young lady might want to convey with her body language
What do you think will be talked about in the text
Sometimes a passage does not say something directly. However, you can figure it out by looking at the clues in the passage.
Make inferences
Read the text quickly and work out the structure of the text, then fill in the table.
Paragraph Main idea
Introduction of body language
Body language with different meanings in different cultures
Body language with the same meaning everywhere
Body language with different uses
1
2-4
5
6
1. Can you guess the meaning of the word “interaction” according to the context
Communication.
Read the first paragraph again and answer the questions .
2. What’s the function of the last sentence in Paragraph 1
语篇标记词：but, also
既是主题句又是过渡句：引入主旨“肢体语言和言语一样在交际中发挥着重要作用”，同时又过渡到下文。
Body Language/ gesture Meaning Country/ Region
Eye contact between men and women Not polite Middle East
Looking down when talking to someone
OK sign
A sign of respect
Japan
Money
Japan
Zero
France
Not polite
Brazil, Germany
Read paragraphs 2—5 and fill in the table.
Body Language/ gesture Meaning Country/ Region
Kissing on the cheek
Placing your hands together and resting them on the side of your head while closing your eyes
Moving your hand in circles over your stomach after a meal
A greeting
France, Russia
I’m sleepy.
Most places
I am full
Most places
topic sentence
1. Underline the words in each topic sentence that have similar or opposite meanings.
supporting idea 1
supporting idea 2
contrast
(对比)
general
specific
example (举例)
Read paragraphs 2—5 and finish the following tasks.
2. Go over the topic sentences in Paragraphs 2, 3, 4 and identify how each paragraph is developed.
Key words: varies, different meanings, differ, differences, the same meaning
How is the body language mentioned in the text interpreted in China
Read the text again, and then discuss these questions.
Some are the same in China. For example, the gesture for putting hands together and resting them on the side of your head means sleeping.
2. Can you think of an example of body language that is appropriate in China but might be misunderstood in another culture
3. What advice on body language can you give a foreign friend on his/her first trip to China
Avoiding eye contact and lowering one’s head may mean respect and being shy in China, whereas in some other countries this body language may be interpreted as being rude.
Please pay attention to the social distance, which is different in China and in the West.
Match the following statements with their inferences.
1-5 _______________ 6-7 _______________
DGEBA
FC
A smile can …
We can sue a smile to …
Experts suggest smiling …
… there is nothing better than seeing …
What different uses of smiling are mentioned in Paragraph 6 Find out the varied sentence structures used to show uses of smiling.
Can you think of some other uses of smiling
Watch the video Smile Trial, and then discuss the questions in groups.
1. Smiles can be used to hide feelings like anger, fear, or worry. Can you describe a situation where you might smile when you don't mean it
Sometimes I smile when I am impatient, but I know I shouldn’t be. For example, if I am riding a train and a baby starts crying, I may try to smile, because even though the baby’s crying is annoying, I know that it is not the baby’s fault and there is probably nothing that can be done.
2. Apart from fake smiles, is there any other kind of body language that can sometimes be fake
There are “crocodile tears”. This is when a person fakes feeling sad or sympathetic for another person.
3. Which is a more reliable guide for understanding someone's feelings, their body language or the words they speak
Their body language is much more reliable than the words they say, because most people have trouble hiding their anger, disappointment, or irritation.
Complete the mind map about the functions of smiling.
conversation
difficult situations
friends
barriers
help
总
function of body language
分
differences of body language
similarities of body language
uses of body language
1. After reading the passage, which aspects should you pay attention to when you listen to how bodies talk
2. Do you like the title Can you think of a different one
3. Which is a more reliable guide for understanding someone’s feelings, their body language or the words they speak.
What advice on body language can you give a foreign friend on his/her first trip to China
when you meet others, …
when you talking to …, …
facial expression, gesture, eye contact, distance, body movement …
Write a short passage on body language using examples and contrast.

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