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(共24张PPT)
1. However, merchants and explorers from the East set sail from east to west many years before Columbus first did.
然而，在哥伦布首次起航之前许多年，东方的商人和探险家就已经开始自东向西航行。
set sail: to begin a journey by boat or ship 起航；开航
e.g. The following week the ‘Queen Elizabeth’ set sail for Jamaica.
到了下周，“伊丽莎白女王号”启航前往牙买加。
sail vi. 起航 n. 帆
set sail for= sail for 起航
set sail across/ sail across 航行穿过……
sail into/ out of 驶入/驶出
sail around the world 乘船环游世界
【语境应用】完成句子。
1) After spending a brief period in Ireland, she ____________ (启航前往) India.
2) They sail _____________ (穿越) the Atlantic and the Indian Ocean.
set sail for
across
2. A trading route across the sea was also extended along the coasts of the Indian Ocean, centred around Ceylon (now Sri Lanka).
以锡兰(今斯里兰卡)为中心的一条横跨海洋的贸易路线沿印度洋海岸延伸。
e.g. The road extends for miles and miles.
这条路向远处绵延伸展。
extend vt. make (sth) longer or larger (in space or time)
扩展; 使伸长; 延长
e.g. The extension of the garden will take several weeks.
Alan wants a two-year extension to his contract.
His extensive knowledge makes him a good teacher.
The land is very extensive.
extension n. 扩大，延长
extensive adj. 广泛的，广阔的
【语境应用】用extend的正确形式填空。
1) Albert has got a two-month ________ to finish his paper.
2) Tracy’s knowledge of music is ________.
3) The shop has recently ________ its opening hours.
4) His land ________ from the house to those trees.
extension
extensive
extended
extends
3. Here, merchants from China and many other places met to negotiate trade deals, which also led to more awareness of each other’s cultures.
在这里，来自中国和其他许多地方的商人汇聚一起，洽谈贸易协定，这也增进了对彼此文化的认识。
negotiate vt. 商定; 达成(协议)　vi. 谈判; 磋商; 协商
to discuss something in order to reach an agreement, especially in business or politics
e.g. Union leaders have negotiated an agreement for a shorter working week.
工会领袖已经商定了一份缩短每周工作时间的协议。
e.g. The exact details of the agreement are still under negotiation.
Everything is negotiable at this stage — I’m ruling nothing out.
Some very skillful negotiators will be needed to settle this matter.
negotiate for sth. negotiate sth. with sb.
negotiation n. 谈判，商谈
negotiable adj. 可协商的，可讨论的
negotiator n. 谈判代表
【语境应用】补全句子（每空一词）。
1) The government has ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ (拒绝和罢工者谈判).
2) The salary for the post ________ ________ _________ (将是可协商的).
3) The agreement was reached ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ___________ (经过一系列艰难的谈判).
4) Paul ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ (正在商谈谋求一份工作) worth ￡18,000 a year.
refused to negotiate with
the strikers
will be negotiable
after a series
of difficult negotiations
is negotiating for a job
4. Over the centuries, further trading allowed more exploration of the regions to the west of China, as recorded in Du Huan’s Record of My Travels in the eighth century.
几个世纪以来，随着贸易的发展，对中国以西地区的探索增多了， 这些在八世纪杜环所著的《经行记》一书中有所记载。
复合句。主句是further trading allowed...as recorded in...是非限制性定语从句的省略形式，句子补全为: as it was recorded in...
as用于引导限制性定语从句时，主要与such、as、the same连用：“像……的”“凡是……的”“……一类的人(物)”。
e.g. Mary is not such a man as would leave her work half done.
Mary并不是一个做事半途而废的人。
You must show her the same respect as you show me.
你必须对她表现出与对我同样的敬重。
2) as用于引导非限制性定语从句时，根据情况可位于主句之前或之后，有时也可插在主句中间：“这件事”“这一点”。
The moon travels round the earth once every month, as is known to everyone.
众所周知，月球每月绕地球转一周。
3) as引导非限制性定语从句常见的有:
as we all know 众所周知
as we expect 正如我们预料的那样
as was expected 正如预料的那样
as can be seen 看得出来
as may be imagined 正如可以想象的那样
as has been said above 如上所述
as we all can see 正如我们都能看到的那样
as is often the case 像常规那样
【语境应用】翻译下面句子。
众所周知，长城是世界上最长的城墙。
2) As was expected, you failed to pass the exam.
As we all know the Great Wall is the longest in the world.
不出所料，他考试挂科了。
5. These fleets were a sight to behold and were in a league of their own at that time.
当时，这些船队极为壮观，独领风骚。
e.g. The beauty of the garden was a pleasure to behold.
花园美景，赏心悦目。
behold vt. to see or to look at something
(beheld, beheld)目睹；看见
a sight to behold = a joy/ pleasure/ wonder to behold
壮观的景象
in a league of one’s own: much better than the rest 独领风骚
league n. a level of quality, ability, etc 等级; 水平
n. a group of sports teams or players who play games against each other to see who is best 联合会; 联赛
e.g. As a painter, he is in a league of his own (= much better than others).
A house like that is out of our league.
Who do you think will win the league championship this year
at the top of the league 顶级的
be in the same league 同一级别
in league with 与……密谋；与……结盟
out of one’s league 某人力所不能及
【语境应用】翻译句子。
1) As a pianist, he is in a league of his own.
2) Her success has taken her out of my league.
作为钢琴家，他独领风骚。
她的成绩令我望尘莫及。
6. Although China withdrew from further expeditions after 1433, …
尽管1433年后中国停止了进一步的探索……
e.g. Troops withdrew from the north east of the country last March.
军队去年3月从该国东北部撤出。
withdraw vi. & vt. (withdrew, withdrawn) leave a place
(使)撤回；撤离
withdraw from: go away from a place 退出；撤回
e.g. I’m going to withdraw all my money from the bank.
The drug was withdrawn from sale after a number of people suffered serious side effects.
We must withdraw the children from that unsuitable school.
I wish to withdraw my offer to lend you the money.
提，取(银行账户中的款)；停止提供，不再给予；
(使)退出；收回，撤回，撤销(说过的话)
withdraw sb. / sth. from sth.
【语境应用】补全句子。
1) 我想从我的储蓄账户上提取1000美元转到支票账户上。
I’d like to __________________________________________ and put it in my cheque account.
2) 我想收回我早些时候发表的一项声明。
I want to ___________________ I made earlier.
3) 经过一场激烈的战斗, 敌人被迫撤退了。
After a fierce battle, the enemy _____________________.
withdraw 1,000 dollars from my savings account
withdraw a statement
was forced to withdraw
7. Hundreds of years on, and with the latest technology in hand, the need to trade and the desire to enhance relationships will drive China to reach out across the sea far into the future.
数百年过去了，手握最新技术，在贸易的必要性和增进关系的愿望的驱动下，中国将跨海越洋，迈向未来。
e.g. I usually have a few days' leave in hand at the end of the year.
年底的时候通常我手头会有几天假期。
in hand: if you have time, money etc in hand, you have it available 在手头; 可供使用
at hand 在手头
by hand 用手；手工
hand in hand 手拉手
give/ lend sb a hand 给某人帮忙
on the one hand …on the other hand 一方面……另一方面
【语境应用】翻译下面句子。
当我遇到困难的时候，朋友们伸出了援手。
2) 我总把小说放在手边。
When I met with difficulties, my friends gave me a hand.
I always put a novel at hand.(共45张PPT)
Unit 3
UNIT 3
SEA EXPLORATION
REACHING OUT ACROSS THE SEA
To identify essay types.
To summerize the main idea of each paragraph.
To assess the significance of sea exploration.
What do you think of when you see the photos
harmony, invader, living under the sea, beautiful dreams…
lemon butterfly fish and orange-band surgeon fish, reef, diver, a volcanic island, sea life, visit, approach people
Describe the picture on page 25.
The photo is of lemon butterfly fish and orange-band surgeon fish surrouding a diver in Molokini Crater, Hawaii. It is a small volcanic island, and a favorite spot for divers as they can see abundant sea life with little or no concern for ocean waves or currents. As a seabird sanctuarry, going onto Molokini island itself is not allowed without permission. In addition, to keep from damaging the reef inside the crater, the government has created moorings (停泊用具) for boats to tie up to so that they do not need to drop anchors. It is thought that 300,000 people visit the island every year, and the fish inside the crater are so used to visitors that they approach people with no fear.
They (oceans) provide a breeding ground for life, connect the world and promote development.
--- Xi Jinping
How do you understand the quote
The quote is from President Xi Jinping. He called for efforts to accelerate marine sci-tech innovation, improve marine development capacity, and foster and strengthen emerging marine industries of strategic importantce. He urged efforts to promote marine connectivity and cooperation in all areas and develop a “blue partnership” among all countries.
Xi stressed marine ecological conservation, marine pollution prevention and treatment, protection of marine biodiversity, orderly development and utilisation of marine resources, in a bid to leave a clean and tidy marine environment to future generations.
The ocean is the cradle of life. (metaphor)
The ocean hides secrets like mankind. (simile, personification)
The ocean gave my face a salty slap as his tides rose. (personification)
Can you describe ocean using your own language
What sea animals and plants do you know
What words would you use to describe the sea
There are many sea animals, such as dolphins, sharks, manatees, whales, shellfish, crabs, seahorses, and seaweed.
What do you know about sea exploration
What do you want to know about sea exploration
Do you know any stories about sea voyages
Share your story with a partner.
Christopher Columbus was an Italian explorer whose journeys discovered a new world in 1492.
Ferdinand Magellan
A Portuguese navigator and explorer who sailed around South America, discovering the Strait of Magellan, and across the Pacific. He made the first voyage around the world in 1519.
Marco Polo was a Venetian merchant, explorer, and writer who travelled through Asia along the Silk Road between 1271 and 1295. His travels are recorded in The Travels of Marco Polo, a book that described to Europeans the mysterious culture and inner workings of the Eastern world.
Zheng He was a Chinese admiral and explorer who led several voyages around the Indian Ocean. The first voyage started in Yongle three years (1405), and the last voyage ended in Xuande eight years (1433), totaling seven times. Zheng He's voyages are one of the world navigation feats in history.
Also, there are stories from classical literature novels, movies, or documentaries, such as 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea (Jules Verne), Treasure Island (Robert Luis Stevenson), Moby Dick (Herman Melville), Gulliver’s Travels (Jonathan Swift), Life of Pi (Yann Martel), Flowers in the Mirror (Li Ruzhen), and Classic of Mountains and Seas (or Shan-hai Ching).
Let’s look at some pictures and watch a video of Zheng He.
A title usually covers the main point of the subject or keywords of the essay. It shares the theme of the essay and tells the reader what to expect.
Look at the title and skim the text. Decide what type of essay it is.
It is an expository essay.
An expository essay normally has the purpose of explaining or giving information about something. While a descriptive essay normally describes something concrete, an expository essay usually tells information about something abstract. For example, an expository essay will talk about the value of subways systems, while a descriptive essay may talk about subway trains.
A narrative essay is a story with a beginning, middle, and end.
A descriptive essay describes a subject and lists interesting details.
An expository essay is factual, giving information on a subject.
An argumentative essay aims to convince the reader.
There are four major types of essay:
narrative, descriptive, expository, and argumentative.
What are the four major types of essay
根据文体类型，常被分为记叙文、描写文、说明文、议论文等。
1. 牢记各类语篇类型的特征。记叙文是以人物的经历和事物发展变化为主要内容的一种文体形式；描写文重在描写人或物的典型特征，罗列细节信息；说明文重在揭示概念，说明事物特征、本质及其规律；议论文通过摆事实，讲道理，直接表达作者的观点和主张。
2. 尝试根据文章标题和插图推测语篇类型。如本文可推断本文主要介绍航海活动，是讲述一次远洋航行的记叙文还是介绍航海发展史的说明文，需深入阅读。
Identify essay types
3. 在段落主题句或关键词的帮助下确定语篇类型。从In ancient times、Later、the Ming Dynasty、today、Hundreds of years on等关键信息中不难发现，文章按时间顺序介绍了中国航海事业的发展历程，可判定本文是说明文。
说明文内容科学、结构条理、语言严密，往往通过下定义、举例子、列数字、打比方等说明方法进行阐述。可在文本中寻找类似要点信息，加以确定语篇类型。
Read the text again. Write down the main idea of each paragraph.
Paragraph Main idea
1
2
3
4
Travel from east to west began long before Columbus.
In ancient times, travel east to west was on the Silk Road.
Zheng He’s sea voyages built relations with other countries.
The 21st Century Maritime Silk Road has encouraged cooperation and strengthened the bonds between China and the rest of the world (Today, the Belt and Road Initiative is picking up where Zheng He left off.)
Paragraph Main idea
5
6
China is also joining with other countries on other important projects.
China will continue to explore the sea and enhance relationships with other countries.
How is the passage developed
What is introduced in each exploration
Time
Region
Event
Result/
Purpose
in ancient times
in the 8th century
in Ming Dynasty
today
in the future
Time sequence.
Scan the text and fill in the table with the correct names.
Name Description
The name of the trade route between China and the West
Its kings sent gifts such as giraffes to China
An area currently being explored for scientific reasons
A destination of silk and a major European capital
the Silk Road
African royal families
the Arctic
Rome
Name Description
The modern country name for Ceylon
The historical period when China expanded maritime exploration to other regions
The author of Record of My Travels
The commander of the seven fleets
The person who wrote stories that inspired European explorers
Sri Lanka
the Ming Dynasty
Du Huan
Zheng He
Marco Polo
Read for detailed information.
1. What inspired European explorers to search for sea routes from west to east
A. Trade and curiosity.　 B. The tales of Marco Polo.
C. The tales of Columbus. D. Merchants and explorers.
B
2.What did the trade deals between merchants from different countries result in
A. Further exploration of the oceans.
B. Mankind’s greatest achievements.
C. Construction of the ancient Silk Road.
D. Better understanding of each other’s culture.
D
3. Zheng He and his fleets sailed as far as ________.
A. the Indian Ocean B. the South China Sea
C. the east coast of Africa D. the mouth of the Red Sea
C
4. Why is there an urgent need to study the Arctic
A. To promote foreign trade.
B. To look for more natural resources.
C. To strengthen the bonds between countries.
D. To know more about climate change and its effects.
D
Choose the right content from the box to complete the summary of the text.
relationships, Silk Road, Belt and Road Initiative, west, Zheng He, 1433, Columbus, climate change
Marco Polo's travels inspired Europeans to sail east, but sailors from the east sailed west long before 1. ________ did. In ancient times, China's silk travelled overland to India, the Middle East and Rome, along the 2. ________. There was also a trading route along the coast of the Indian Ocean. Further trading allowed more exploration of the regions to the 3. ________ of China according to Du Huan's Record of My Travels in the eighth century.
Columbus
Silk Road
west
relationships, Silk Road, Belt and Road Initiative, west, Zheng He, 1433, Columbus, climate change
Later, during the Ming Dynasty, seven great fleets under the command of 4. ________ sailed west from the South China Sea, reaching the Red Sea and the east coast of Africa. Although such expeditions stopped after 5. ________, the found trade routes stayed open for centuries and have returned today with the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road, part of China's 6. ____________________. Though Zheng He's routes have been well-travelled,
Zheng He
1433
Belt and Road Initiative
relationships, Silk Road, Belt and Road Initiative, west, Zheng He, 1433, Columbus, climate change
there are still places to explore and China has joined other countries in exploring the Arctic, important for understanding 7. ______________. Hundreds of years later the need to reach out across the sea to trade and improve 8. ____________ remains.
climate change
relationships
又称作“概括—具体”模式。常由三部分组成：概括陈述、具体陈述和总结陈述，总结陈述不是必须部分。课文前半部分就采用了这种语篇模式。
第一段结尾指出来自东方的商人和探险家们先于哥伦布许多年就开始由东向西航行，是概括陈述部分；第二段和第三段为具体陈述，按时间顺序，着重介绍中国通过航海加强了与西方的贸易往来，加深了与各国的友谊，如silk from China、negotiate trade deals、developed relations、friendship等。“一般—特殊”语篇模式在说明文中很常见，理解这种语篇模式可以快速掌握要点信息和支撑信息。
“一般——特殊”语篇模式
What achievements has China made in reaching out across the sea
What effects did China’s reaching out across the sea in the past have on the world
What about other countries
In groups, discuss the following questions.
When you think about one historical or contemporary event, what aspects should you consider to gain a full understanding
Which countries reached out across the sea in the past and why
What benefits and problems did those countries get from doing this
What effects did reaching out across the sea in the past have on the world
What do you think is the significance of the Belt and Road Initiative
Make notes under two columns: Facts and Opinions.
Facts are statements that can be proven. Facts may be true or false.
事实是可以被证明或验证真伪的。
fact: anything that is done or happens; anything actually existent; any statement strictly true; truth; reality
Facts （事实）
Opinions （观点）
Opinions are statements that cannot be proven.
Opinions can be argued. Opinions may be supported with facts.
观点是作者想要表达的思想或情感，它无法被证明是真实的还是虚假的，但可以获得一定的支持。作者在表达观点时，常常使用“I believe，generally，it is thought，it seems to，in my opinion”等或运用描述性的词语，如pretty，funny等以及表示比较的词语，如best，worst等。作者的观点可能是正确的，但也可能是错误的。
学会识别观点与事实，可以帮助我们在阅读时进行批判性的思考，使我们不会轻易地被读物的内容所误导。在写作时，恰当地运用事实和观点，还能使我们的文章更具有说服力。
Question Facts Opinions
Which countries reached out across the sea in the past and why
What benefits and problems did those countries get from doing this
European explorers, China, India, Ceylon, African royal families;
for trade
They got new products from many different countries and became more aware of other cultures;
In some cases, this led to invasion and conquest.
Question Facts Opinions
What effects did reaching out across the sea in the past have on the world
What do you think is the significance of the Belt and Road Initiative
The land and sea routes remained active channels between different cultures for centuries;
Generally speaking, the result was positive, as it advanced the spread of knowledge, technology, and goods, and made the world a smaller place.
The aim of this initiative is to encourage cooperation and trade across the historical Silk Road areas, and strengthen the bonds between China and the rest of the world;
It will lead to greater integration with China and other countries.
As students what contributions could we make to the Belt and Road Initiative
Micro Forum on China’s Sea Exploration
Name Micro Forum on China’s Sea Exploration
Content the effect brought by reaching out across the sea
the development of China’s sea exploration
the challenges that China is facing in sea exploration
the significance of the Belt and Road
The ocean is a mighty harmonist.
— William Wordsworth
Surf online to know which countries are involved in the Belt and Road Initiative.

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