资源简介

(共29张PPT)
1. It also helps control your body temperature, prevents your body from losing too much water, warns you when things are too hot or cold, and gives you your sense of touch.
皮肤还有助于控制你的体温，防止你的身体流失过多水分，当东西太热或太冷时可以警示你，并使你拥有触觉。
句子结构分析：
本句是一个复合句，句中helps, prevents, warns 和gives是and连接的四个并列谓语。
when引导的时间状语从句，说明动词warns发生的时间
prevent… (from) doing 阻止……做……
e.g. All kinds of measures have been taken to prevent the virus from spreading.
keep … from doing sth.
stop … (from) doing sth.
protect … from/against … 保护……免受……
阻止……做某事
注意：keep… from doing sth.中的from不能省略，因为如果省略，意思会发生变化：keep … doing sth. 使……一直做某事。
It also helps control your body temperature, prevents your body from losing too much water, warns you when things are too hot or cold, and gives you your sense of touch.
【语境应用】完成句子。
1) There is no denying that sunglasses can help
___________________________________ (以保护眼睛免受伤害).
2) Anyhow, children should be ____________________
_________________________________ (阻止孩子们玩火).
prevent / stop your eyes being harmed
prevented / kept / stopped from playing with fire
2. As you can imagine, getting burnt can lead to very serious injuries.
可想而知，烧伤会造成严重的后果。
e.g. We often observed the germs in the lab under the microscope, as I remember.
As we all know, he is a hard-working man.
as引导的非限制性定语从句
动词-ing形式作主语
3. You can get burnt by a variety of things: hot liquids, steam, fire, radiation, the sun, electricity, acids, or other chemicals.
你可能会被各种各样的东西烧伤：灼热的液体、蒸气、火、辐射、太阳光、电流、酸性物质或其他化学品。
a (wide/great/large) variety of 各种各样的
a variety of = varieties of + 名词复数 + 复数谓语动词
the variety of + 名词复数 + 单数谓语动词
e.g. The variety of creatures is one of man’s greatest wealth.
【链接】
variety n. 种类, 品种; 变化, 多样化, 多变性
various adj. 各种各样的
vary v. 变化; 使多样化
vary from … to … 因……而异
vary in ... 在……方面不同
vary with 随着……而变化
【语境应用】根据汉语意思补全下面句子（每空一词）。
1) 这些花的颜色和大小都不相同，但它们都很漂亮。
The flowers ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ but all of them are beautiful.
2) 这家宾馆每个房间的费用由20美元到30美元不等。
The charge for a room in this hotel ________ ________ $20 ________ $30.
3) 一般来说，水果和蔬菜的价格随季节变化而变化。
Generally speaking, prices of fruit and vegetables ________ ________ ________ ________.
vary with the season
vary in colour and
size
varies from
to
4) 这一工具有多种用途。
This tool can be used ________ ________ ________ ________ ________.
5) 正是因为变化多才使得我的工作如此有趣。
________ ________ _________ that makes my job so enjoyable.
in a variety
of ways
It's the variety
4. Remove any clothes using scissors if necessary, unless you see the fabric sticking to the burnt skin.
如有必要，用剪刀剪掉烧伤部位的衣服，除非衣服与烧伤的皮肤粘连在一起。
句子结构分析：
本句为主从复合句，unless引导条件状语从句。
动词-ing形式作方式状语
可看作状语从句if (it is) necessary 的省略
stick to 粘住；坚持
stick to one’s dream/word 坚持梦想/履行诺言
e.g. I’ve made my decision and I’m going to stick to it.
stick out 伸出; 突出; 忍受下去
stick with 与……待在一起; 紧跟
stick by 坚持; 忠于; 信守
get / be stuck in 陷入……中，困在……中
be stuck on 迷恋上
Remove any clothes using scissors if necessary, unless you see the fabric sticking to the burnt skin.
【语境应用】完成句子。
1) I __________________________ (被一道数学题难住了), but it didn’t depress me.
2) We should _________________________ (坚持我们的梦想) in any case.
3) She made a face and ____________________ (伸出她的舌头) at him.
got stuck in a math problem
stick to our dream
stuck out her tongue
5. Cover the burnt area with a loose clean cloth.
用干净透气的布盖住烧伤部位。
loose adj. not securely fixed where it should be
松的；未系紧的
(of clothes) not fitting closely to the body 宽松的
e.g. One of the bricks feels slightly loose.
On long flights, wear loose clothing and comfortable shoes.
【链接】
loosely adv. 宽松地；松散地
loosen vt. (使)变松；松开，解开；(使)松散
loosen one’s tongue 使无拘无束地说话
loosen (sb./sth.) up (使)放松
【语境应用】完成句子。
1) 一瓶酒下肚，老人的话匣子打开了。
A bottle of wine had ________________________________.
2) 农民们正在利用闲暇时间来松土。
Farmers are making use of their spare time to _________________.
3) 检查一下别让插头松脱了。
Check that the plug has not ____________.
loosen the soil
loosened the old man’s tongue
come loose
6. Applying oil to the injured areas is a bad idea, as it will keep the heat in the wounds and may cause infection.
在受伤处涂抹油膏不可取，因为这会阻止伤口散热，而且可能引发感染。
句子结构分析：
本句是一个复合句，主句是主系表结构
动词-ing形式作主语
as引导的原因状语从句
apply … to 把……涂在; 把……应用到
e.g. Before going out, apply the sun cream to your face and neck.
We should apply theory to practice; otherwise, it is no use.
apply (to sb.) for… (向某人) 申请……
application n. 申请；应用
applicant n. 申请人
Applying oil to the injured areas is a bad idea, as it will keep the heat in the wounds and may cause infection.
【语境应用】翻译句子。
1) I want to _________________ (申请这份工作).
2) A nurse __________________________________ (正在给他的伤口敷药).
3) The results of this research can be ____________ (应用于) new developments in technology.
apply for the job
is applying some medicine to his wound
applied to
7. If the victim is suffering from second or third-degree burns, there is an urgent need to take him/her to the hospital at once.
如果伤者是二度或三度烧伤，必须立刻送往医院。
there is a need to do sth. 有必要做某事，其中不定式to take … 作need的后置定语。
否定结构：There is no need (for) sb. to do sth.
e.g. There is no need to get angry. I merely suggest that you
should do that again.
There is (no) possibility/chance to do sth.
有(没有)……的可能性/机会
There is no doubt that… 毫无疑问……
There is no difficulty in doing sth. 做某事没困难
There is no point/sense in doing sth. 做某事没意义/没道理
1) _________________ tell me your answer now. Give it some thought and then let me know.
不必现在告诉我你的答案。想一想, 然后再告诉我。
2) _________________________ for more teachers to work in the remote mountainous areas.
急需更多的老师到那些偏远的山区工作。
【语境应用】完成句子。
There is no need to
There is an immediate need
3) ________________ in beating around the bush. Let’s come straight to the point.
旁敲侧击没有什么意义了, 我们就直截了当进入主题吧。
4) _____________________ those who work hard will succeed sooner or later.
毫无疑问, 那些努力拼搏的人迟早会取得成功。
There is no doubt that
There is no point
urgent adj. very important and needing to be dealt with immediately 紧急的; 急迫的; 急切的
【链接】
urge vt. 催促；极力主张
urge sb. to do sth./into doing sth. 力劝某人做某事
urge that + 从句 强烈要求 从句(should＋)动词原形
urgency n. 紧急；紧急情况
urgently adv. 迫切地，紧急地
【语境应用】完成句子。
1) 震区的人们急需食品、药品和住的地方。
The people in the earthquake stricken area are ___________________ food, medicine and shelters.
2) 随着期末考试来临，老师敦促我们努力学习。
Our teacher _____________________ with the final exam drawing near.
3) 学生们极力主张图书馆周末也应开放。
It is strongly urged by students that the library (should) be kept open during the weekend.
in urgent need of
urges us to study hard
8. Putting butter or oil on burns helps because it may reduce swelling and ease discomfort.
在烧伤处涂上黄油或油会有帮助，因为它可以减少肿胀和减轻不适。(急救错误做法)
ease v. to become or to make sth. less unpleasant, painful, severe, etc (使)宽慰; 减轻; 缓解
e.g. The plan should ease traffic congestion in the town.
v. to move, or to move sb./sth., slowly and carefully
(使)小心缓缓地移动
e.g. They eased the piano through the door.
v. to make sth. easier 使……容易些
e.g. I’ll help if it will ease your job.
n. lack of difficulty 容易; 轻易
e.g. That’s not difficult. I could do it with ease.
n. the state of feeling relaxed or comfortable without worries, problems or pain 舒适; 安逸
e.g. We put Mary at ease during the thunderstorm by reading her stories.
ease off 减轻;放松
at ease 舒适, 不拘束, 自由自在
put sb. at ease 使某人放松, 舒适, 自在
with ease 轻易地, 毫不费劲地
【语境应用】 完成句子。
1) He was very smart and passed the exam ________________ (轻而易举地).
2) I gave him some medicine to ______________ (缓解疼痛).
3) He tried his best to ________________ (显得自在).
with ease
ease the pain
appear at ease(共42张PPT)
Unit 5
UNIT 5
FIRST AID
1 read about the first aid for burns and a story about an emergency situation.
2 listen to an emergency call and make a similar call for help.
3 write a story about first aid.
4 learn about how the Red Cross was founded and what it does.
In this unit, you will:
Learn about first aid for burns
To get some basic information about first aid
To understand the passage about first aid for burns
To know how to give proper first aid treatments for burns
To increase the awareness of the importance of knowing about first aid
Heimlich manoeuvre
What is first aid
Emergency care or treatment given to a sick or injured person before regular medical aid can be obtained.
1. What is the girl on the right doing in the photo
2. Have you seen this technique used before Do you know how to do it
3. Do you think it’s important for the students to learn this Why
CPR (cardiopulmonary resuscitation)
1. What is the girl on the right doing in the photo
I think she is learning basic first aid, in particular CPR.
2 Have you seen CPR used before
Do you know how to do it
I have never seen CPR performed in real
life, but I have often seen it performed in
films and on TV, and I have read about
how to do it. You press down on the chest of a victim every few seconds. I don’t think I’m confident enough to try it myself though.
3 Do you think it’s important for the students to learn this Why
It is important because if someone’s
heart or breathing stops, they usually
have only three to nine minutes before
their brain suffers irreversible damage
because of a lack of oxygen, unless CPR
is performed. However, it may take anywhere from 10-20 minutes before an ambulance comes once you call an emergency service.
Watch the video and get a clear understanding about CPR.
What do you know about Heimlich manoeuvre
(海姆利希急救法)
It is a first-aid procedure for dislodging (强行去除) an obstruction from a person’s windpipe (气管) in which a sudden strong pressure is applied on their abdomen (腹部).
named after Henry J. Heimlich (born 1920), the American doctor who developed the procedure
What are some occasions where first aid is used
Why is it important to give first aid
What is the relationship between first aid and regular medical aid
It’s a great honour to save a life. (救人一命，善莫大焉)
—— Leigh Bardugo
What first-aid techniques do you know of
Before you read, discuss these questions in groups.
I know basically what to do if someone breaks a leg or gets a cut.
It depends on the kind of burn. All of the burns I’ve ever seen were fairly minor, so the best thing to do was to put it under cold running water to stop the burning.
2 If someone you know suffered a burn, what would you do
Understand text types
Different kinds of texts can be identified by their style of writing and language features. By understanding the text type of a piece of writing, you can better understand its purpose. You can also better understand where to find information in the text, and what kind of information it is likely to contain.
1. Why is it important to understand text types
2. How can you identify a text type
3. What are some common text types you know about
By understanding text types, we can discover the purpose of a text thus predict its contents.
By paying attention to the style of writing and language features.
Letter, diary, news, fable, etc.
Answer the questions to understand text types.
hospital leaflet
factual, informational, objective, gives a description of a medical problem, and tells how to deal with it, uses the imperative to give advice
advertisement
full of persuasive language and colourful descriptions, talks about the benefits of a product, uses the imperative (祈使句) to tell someone to buy something
newspaper article
factual, informational, objective, answers the who, what, when, why, and how questions about a recent event
blog post
blog stands for web log, so it is a kind of journal or diary, usually topical in nature, talking about something that is current or new in the life of the author or regarding the author’s interests
email
a kind of letter, it should have an opening and a closing like a letter, be addressed to an individual, and be about a matter which directly concerns both the author and recipient
short story
usually a narrative written in the past tense, it contains vivid language and colourful descriptions to tell a story which has a beginning, a middle, and an end
Look through the text and identify its style and language features. Then tick its text type from the list below.
____ advertisement ____ blog post
____ hospital leaflet ____ email
____ newspaper article ____ short story
The text type is a hospital leaflet. We know this because the passage is written in an objective informational style, and deals with a health issue, giving a detailed description of how to handle this problem.
Skim the text and complete the main idea of it.
The text mainly introduces ______ types of burns and their characteristics as well as how to give _________________ when burns happen.
first aid treatment
three
Read again and decide if the following statements are true (T) or false (F).
1. Your skin gives you protection from many dangerous things.
2. A first-degree burn has this name because it is the most serious.
3. Second-degree burns can be the most painful kind of burn.
T
F
T
F
T
F
4. It is important to use cool water to stop the heat from remaining in the wound regardless of the degree of the burn.
5. Putting butter or oil on burns helps because it may reduce swelling and ease discomfort.
T
F
T
F
Part 1 Functions of your skin
Functions of your skin
Acting as a barrier against disease, toxins, and the sun’s 1. ________
4. _________ you when things are too hot or cold
Preventing your body from losing too much
3. ________
Helping control your
body 2. ____________
Giving you your
sense of 5. ______
rays
temperature
water
Warning
touch
steam
fire
the sun
electricity
other chemicals
hot liquids
radiation
Part 2 Causes of burns
Causes of burns
acids
Part 3 Types of burns
mild
minor
hot liquids
a few weeks
electric
petrol
hospital
Second- degree burns
First-degree burns
Third-degree burns
Characteristics of burns
black and white
swollen; the tissue underneath can often be seen
little or no pain if nerves are damaged; may be painful around the edges of the burn
red and swollen; blisters; watery surface
extremely painful
dry, red, and mildly swollen
mildly painful
turn white when pressed
clothes
breathe
victim
burns
burnt area
burnt area
Cool
Dry
Remove
Cover
Make sure
Send
Part 4 First-aid treatment
hospital
Complete the table to summarise the information about first aid for burns.
Details Types
First-degree burns Second-degree burns Third-degree burns
Depth _______________________ of the skin __________________of the skin __________ of the skin and sometimes ____________ underneath
top few millimetres
below the top layer
every layer
the tissue
Details Types
First-degree burns Second-degree burns Third-degree burns
Characteristics dry, red, and mildly __________; mildly ________; turn _________ when pressed red and swollen; _________; _________ surface; extremely __________ black and white; swollen; ___________ ____________
can often be seen; little or no pain if ________ are damaged
swollen
painful
white
blisters
watery
painful
the tissue underneath
nerves
Details Types
First-degree burns Second-degree burns Third-degree burns
Treatment place under __________________ within the first ten minutes → _____ the burnt area → _____________ clothes → _______ the burn → burn on the face: make sure the victim can ____________ → second or third-degree burn: take the victim to ______________________
cool running water
dry
remove any
cover
still breathe
the hospital at once
Read again and focus on the textual features.
1. What is the genre of the text Is it a narration, a description, an argumentation, or an expository writing
2. What kinds of things are mentioned in the text
An expository writing.
Functions, causes, different types, characteristics, and procedures.
3. Is this text mainly written in first, second or third person
In second and third persons.
4. What tense is used
5. Are there any passive voices How do they make you feel
The simple present tense.
Yes. They make the text sound objective.
6. What other language features did you find
7. What adjectives can you think of to describe this text
For example, the -ing form.
Objective, scientific, professional, specific, clear, concise, etc.
本文属于说明文(an expository writing)。说明性应用文常使用粗体及各种符号区分内容，因而段落层次相对比较分明，文章条理清晰，结构紧凑，重点突出。一个大标题下往往有几个小标题，表明文章主题以及每一部分的内容。如：本文的大标题FIRST AID FOR BURNS，小标题CAUSES OF BURNS，TYPES OF BURNS，CHARACTERISTICS OF BURNS及FIRST-AID TREATMENT，分别表明了本文的主题和各部分内容。应用文类文章呈现方式多样，除了文字还有图片，如本文的插图。
文体特征
另外，说明性应用文也体现着说明文的文体特征，如通过不同方式介绍说明对象：
1. 举例法：CAUSES OF BURNS中列举了导致烧伤的原因；TYPES OF BURNS也列举了各级别烧伤的具体事例。
2. 分类法：TYPES OF BURNS条理清楚地说明了烧伤的种类；CHARACTERISTICS OF BURNS分别介绍了各级别烧伤的特征，使说明更具条理性。
3. 列数字：three types明确说明烧伤类型的数目；within the first ten minutes说明了及时处理烧伤的关键时间。
How are people most likely to get burnt
Most people are likely to get burnt in the kitchen, by picking up a hot pan, or by getting cooking oil spilt on themselves.
In groups, discuss the following questions.
2. What steps can be taken to help prevent these burns
Being aware of the danger is a good first step. For example, you should check to see if the burner is on before touching a pan on the stove. You should also use oven mitts when touching a hot pan. If you are using cooking oil, you should make sure that the pot is set firmly on the stove so that it cannot spill, and that it is not too full of oil.
3. What other advice do you know of about first aid for burns Is it good advice or bad advice Why
I had an uncle who said that you should put vinegar on burns. I think that this is terrible advice, because it can cause pain and can dry out the skin.
4. What are the possible occasions when you are likely to get burnt at school
When getting hot water after class, we are likely to get burnt.
5. What can you do to help prevent getting burnt
We should be careful when getting hot water.
6. What are the possible occasions when people are likely to get burnt at home
When people cook in the kitchen, they are likely to get burnt.
7. What can we do to help prevent getting burnt
We should be careful when using fire. We should wear oven gloves when necessary.
Interview. Suppose you are a reporter and your partner is a doctor. Make up at least 5 questions to interview him about how to give first aid treatment to a burnt person.

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