资源简介

五年(2020-2024)高考
英语真题分类汇编
（新高考卷）
目 录
阅读理解
七选五
完形填空
语法填空
书面表达
读后续写
参考答案
说明：本套资源是英语高考真题分类汇编，内容来源于 2020-2024年英语新高考卷的高考试
题。试题按照阅读理解、七选五、完形填空、语法填空、书面表达、读后续写等类别进行了
分类，便于高三教师和学生熟悉英语新高考卷高考试题的题型，把握命题趋势，进而明确复
习方向，提升复习效率。
阅读理解
（2020年高考·英语·新高考全国Ⅰ卷）
A
POETRYCHALLENGE
Write a poem about how courage, determination, and strength have helped you face
challenges in your life.
Prizes
3 Grand Prizes:Trip to Washington, D.C. for each of three winners, a parent and one other
person of the winner’s choice. Trip includes round-trip air tickets, hotel stay for two nights, and
tours of the National Air and Space Museum and the office of National Geographic World.
6 First Prizes:The book Sky Pioneer:A Photobiography of Amelia Earhart signed by author
Corinne Szabo and pilot Linda Finch.
50 Honorable Mentions:Judges will choose up to 50 honorable mention winners who will
each receive a T-shirt in memory of Earhart’s final flight.
Rules
Follow all rules carefully to prevent disqualification.
■Write a poem using 100 words or fewer. Your poem can be any format, any number of lines.
■Write by hand or type on a single sheet of paper. You may use both the front and back of the
paper.
■On the same sheet of paper, write or type your name, address, telephone number, and birth
date.
■Mail your entry to us by October 31 this year.
1. How many people can each grand prize winner take on the free trip
A. Two. B. Three. C. Four. D. Six.
2. What will each of the honorable mention winners get
A. A plane ticket. B. A book by Corinne Szabo.
C. A special T-shirt. D. A photo of Amelia Earhart.
3. Which of the following will result in disqualification
A. Typing your poem out. B. Writing a poem of 120 words.
C. Using both sides of the paper. D. Mailing your entry on October 30.
B
Jenifer Mauer has needed more willpower than the typical college student to pursue her goal
of earning a nursing degree. That willpower bore fruit when Jennifer graduated from University of
Wisconsin-Eau Claire and became the first in her large family to earn a bachelor's degree.
Mauer, of Edgar, Wisconsin, grew up on a farm in a family of 10 children. Her dad worked at
a job away from the farm, and her mother ran the farm with the kids. After high school, Jennifer
attended a local technical college, working to pay her tuition(学费), because there was no extra
money set aside for a college education. After graduation, she worked to help her sisters and
brothers pay for their schooling.
Jennifer now is married and has three children of her own. She decided to go back to college
to advance her career and to be able to better support her family while doing something she loves:
nursing. She chose the UW-Eau Claire program at Ministry Saint Joseph's Hospital in Marshfield
because she was able to pursue her four-year degree close to home. She could drive to class and be
home in the evening to help with her kids. Jenifer received great support from her family as she
worked to earn her degree: Her husband worked two jobs to cover the bills, and her 68-year-old
mother helped take care of the children at times.
Through it all, she remained in good academic standing and graduated with honors. Jennifer
sacrificed(牺牲)to achieve her goal, giving up many nights with her kids and missing important
events to study. ''Some nights my heart was breaking to have to pick between my kids and
studying for exams or papers,'' she says. However, her children have learned an important lesson
witnessing their mother earn her degree. Jennifer is a first-generation graduate and an inspiration
to her family-and that's pretty powerful.
4. What did Jennifer do after high school
A. She helped her dad with his work.
B. She ran the family farm on her own.
C. She supported herself through college.
D. She taught her sisters and brothers at home.
5. Why did Jennifer choose the program at Ministry Saint Joseph's Hospital in Marshfield
A. To take care of her kids easily. B. To learn from the best nurses.
C. To save money for her parents. D. To find a well-paid job there.
6. What did Jennifer sacrifice to achieve her goal
A. Her health. B. Her time with family.
C. Her reputation. D. Her chance of promotion.
7. What can we learn from Jenifer's story
A. Time is money. B. Love breaks down barriers.
C. Hard work pays off. D. Education is the key to success.
C
In the mid-1990s, Tom Bissell taught English as a volunteer in Uzbekistan. He left after
seven months, physically broken and having lost his mind. A few years later, still attracted to the
country, he returned to Uzbekistan to write an article about the disappearance of the Aral Sea.
His visit, however, ended up involving a lot more than that. Hence this book, Chasing the Sea:
Lost Among the Ghosts of Empire in Central Asia, which talks about a road trip from Tashkent to
Karakalpakstan, where millions of lives have been destroyed by the slow drying up of the sea. It is
the story of an American travelling to a strange land, and of the people he meets on his way:
Rustam, his translator, a lovely 24-year-old who picked up his colorful English in California, Oleg
and Natasha, his hosts in Tashkent, and a string of foreign aid workers.
This is a quick look at life in Uzbekistan, made of friendliness and warmth, but also its darker
side of society. In Samarkand, Mr Bissell admires the architectural wonders, while on his way to
Bukhara he gets a taste of police methods when suspected of drug dealing. In Ferghana, he attends
a mountain funeral(葬礼)followed by a strange drinking party. And in Karakalpakstan, he is
saddened by the dust storms, diseases and fishing boats stuck miles from the sea.
Mr Bissell skillfully organizes historical insights and cultural references, making his tale a
well-rounded picture of Uzbekistan, seen from Western eyes. His judgment and references are
decidedly American, as well as his delicate stomach. As the author explains, this is neither a travel
nor a history book, or even a piece of reportage. Whatever it is, the result is a fine and vivid
description of the purest of Central Asian traditions.
8. What made Mr Bissell return to Uzbekistan
A. His friends' invitation. B. His interest in the country.
C. His love for teaching. D. His desire to regain health.
9. What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 2 refer to
A. Developing a serious mental disease.
B. Taking a guided tour in Central Asia.
C. Working as a volunteer in Uzbekistan.
D Writing an article about the Aral Sea.
10. Which of the following best describes Mr Bissell's road trip in Uzbekistan
A. Romantic. B. Eventful. C. Pleasant. D. Dangerous.
11. What is the purpose of this text
A. To introduce a book. B. To explain a cultural phenomenon.
C. To remember a writer. D. To recommend a travel destination.
D
According to a recent study in the Journal of Consumer Research, both the size and
consumption habits of our eating companions can influence our food intake. And contrary to
existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order large
portions(份), it's the beanpoles with big appetites you really need to avoid.
To test the effect of social influence on eating habits, the researchers conducted two
experiments. In the first, 95 undergraduate women were individually invited into a lab to
ostensibly(表面上)participate in a study about movie viewership. Before the film began, each
woman was asked to help herself to a snack. An actor hired by the researchers grabbed her food
first. In her natural state, the actor weighed 105 pounds. But in half the cases she wore a specially
designed fat suit which increased her weight to 180 pounds.
Both the fat and thin versions of the actor took a large amount of food. The participants
followed suit, taking more food than they normally would have. However, they took significantly
more when the actor was thin.
For the second test, in one case the thin actor took two pieces of candy from the snack bowls.
In the other case, she took 30 pieces. The results were similar to the first test: the participants
followed suit but took significantly more candy when the thin actor took 30 pieces.
The tests show that the social environment is extremely influential when we're making
decisions. If this fellow participant is going to eat more, so will I. Call it the “I’ll have what she's
having” effect. However, we'll adjust the influence. If an overweight person is having a large
portion, I'll hold back a bit because I see the results of his eating habits. But if a thin person eats a
lot, I'll follow suit. If he can eat much and keep slim, why can't I
12. What is the recent study mainly about
A. Food safety. B. Movie viewership.
C. Consumer demand. D. Eating behavior.
13. What does the underlined word “beanpoles” in paragraph 1 refer to
A. Big eaters. B. Overweight persons.
C. Picky eaters. D. Tall thin persons.
14. Why did the researchers hire the actor
A. To see how she would affect the participants.
B. To test if the participants could recognize her.
C. To find out what she would do in the two tests.
D. To study why she could keep her weight down.
15. On what basis do we “adjust the influence” according to the last paragraph
A. How hungry we are. B. How slim we want to be.
C. How we perceive others. D. How we feel about the food.
（2020年高考·英语·新高考全国Ⅱ卷）
A
Pali Overnight Adventures offers children and teens exciting experiences this summer. From
broadcasting to street art, these are just 4 of the 17 highly unique camps being offered.
Broadcasting Camp
Become the next star reporter, news writer, director or producer. While running every aspect
of our own news station, kids and their fellow campers will create and host a broadcast airing each
night at dinner for the entire camp. Every night it goes on the web, keeping parents and the world
informed of the happenings at Pali.
Secret Agent Camp
In the movie Mission Impossible, Tom Cruise made being a secret agent seem like the coolest
job ever. Campers who sign up for the 2-week secret agent camp can get to know about the life of
real secret agents by learning strategies and military skills on the paintball field.
Culinary Camp
If your child enjoys being in the kitchen, then the culinary camp is definitely the right fit.
Campers learn technical skills of roasting, frying and cutting, as well as some recipes that they can
take home and share with their families.
Street Art Camp
This camp takes creative license to an entirely new level. Campers will share their colorful
ideas and imagination with each other and work together to visualize, sketch and paint with
non-traditional techniques to create the coolest mural which will be displayed in public for all to
see.
1. How many camps does Pali Overnight Adventures offer this summer
A. 2. B. 4. C. 17. D. 21.
2. What will campers do at the Broadcasting Camp
A. Create a website. B. Run a news station.
C. Meet a star reporter. D. Hold a dinner party.
3. Which camp will attract children who are interested in cooking
A. Broadcasting Camp. B. Secret Agent Camp.
C. Culinary Camp D. Street Art Camp.
B
The end of the school year was in sight and spirits were high. I was back teaching after an
absence of 15 years, dealing with the various kinds of "forbidden fruit" that come out of book bags.
Now was the spring of the water pistol.
I decided to think up a method of dealing with forbidden fruit.
"Please bring that pistol to me," I said. "I'm going to put it in my Grandma's Box."
"What's that " they asked.
"It's a large wooden chest full of toys for my grandchildren," I replied,
"You don't have grandchildren," someone said.
"I don't now." I replied. "But someday I will. When I do, my box will be full of wonderful
things for them."
My imaginary Grandma's Box worked like magic that spring, and later. Sometimes. students
would ask me to describe all the things I had in it. Then I would try to remember the different
possessions I supposedly had taken away—since I seldom actually kept them. Usually the
offender would appear at the end of the day, and I would return the belonging.
The-years went by, and my first grandchild Gordon was born. I shared my joy with that year's
class. Then someone said, "Now you can use your Grandma's Box." From then on instead of
coming to ask their possessions back, the students would say, "That's okay. Put it in your
Grandma's Box for Gordon."
I loved talking about the imaginary box, not only with my students but also with my own
children. They enjoyed hearing about all the forbidden fruit I had collected. Then one Christmas I
received a surprise gift—a large, beautifully made wooden chest. My son Bruce had made my
Grandma's Box a reality.
4. What was the author's purpose in having the conversation with the students
A. To collect the water pistol. B. To talk about her grandchildren.
C. To recommend some toys. D. To explain her teaching method.
5. What do the underlined words "the offender" in paragraph 8 refer to
AThe student's parent. B. The maker of the Grandma's Box.
C. The author's grandchild. D. The owner of the forbidden fruit.
6. What did the students do after they learned about the birth of Gordon
A. They went to play with the baby. B. They asked to see the Grandma's Box.
C. They made a present for Gordon. D. They stopped asking their toys back.
7. What can we infer about the author
A. She enjoys telling jokes. B. She is a strict and smart teacher.
C. She loves doing woodwork. D. She is a responsible grandmother
C
In May 1987 the Golden Gate Bridge had a 50th birthday party. The bridge was closed to
motor traffic so people could enjoy a walk across it. Organizers expected perhaps 50,000 people to
show up. Instead, as many as 800, 000 crowded the roads to the bridge. By the time 250,000 were
on the bridge, engineers noticed something terrible：the roadway was flattening under what turned
out to be the heaviest load it had ever been asked to carry. Worse, it was beginning to sway（晃动）.
The authorities closed access to the bridge and tens of thousands of people made their way back to
land. A disaster was avoided.
The story is one of scores in To Forgive Design：Understanding Failure, a book that is at once
a love letter to engineering and a paean（赞歌）to its breakdowns. Its author, Dr. Henry Petroski,
has long been writing about disasters. In this book, he includes the loss of the space shuttles（航天
飞机）Challenger and Columbia, and the sinking of the Titanic.
Though he acknowledges that engineering works can fail because the person who thought
them up or engineered them simply got things wrong, in this book Dr. Petroski widens his view to
consider the larger context in which such failures occur. Sometimes devices fail because a good
design is constructed with low quality materials incompetently applied. Or perhaps a design works
so well it is adopted elsewhere again and again, with seemingly harmless improvements, until,
suddenly, it does not work at all anymore.
Readers will encounter not only stories they have heard before, but some new stories and a
moving discussion of the responsibility of the engineer to the public and the ways young engineers
can be helped to grasp them.
"Success is success but that is all that it is," Dr. Petroski writes. It is failure that brings
improvement.
8. What happened to the Golden Gate Bridge on its 50th birthday
A. It carried more weight than it could.
B. It swayed violently in a strong wind
C Its roadway was damaged by vehicles
D. Its access was blocked by many people.
9. Which of the following is Dr. Petroski's idea according to paragraph 3
A. No design is well received everywhere
B. Construction is more important than design.
C. Not all disasters are caused by engineering design
D. Improvements on engineering works are necessary.
10. What does the last paragraph suggest
A. Failure can lead to progress. B. Success results in overconfidence
C. Failure should be avoided. D. Success comes from joint efforts.
11. What is the text
A. A news report B. A short story.
C. A book review D. A research article.
D
Rainforests are home to a rich variety of medicinal plants, food, birds and animals. Can you
believe that a single bush（灌木丛）in the Amazon may have more species of ants than the whole
of Britain! About 480 varieties of trees may be found in just one hectare of rainforest.
Rainforests are the lungs of the planet-storing vast quantities of carbon dioxide and
producing a significant amount of the world's oxygen. Rainforests have their own perfect system
for ensuring their own survival; the tall trees make a canopy（树冠层）of branches and leaves
which protect themselves, smaller plants, and the forest animals from heavy rain, intense dry heat
from the sun and strong winds.
Amazingly, the trees grow in such a way that their leaves and branches, although close
together, never actually touch those of another tree. Scientists think this is the plants' way to
prevent the spread of any tree diseases and make life more difficult for leaf-eating insects like
caterpillars. To survive in the forest, animals must climb, jump or fly across the gaps. The ground
floor of the forest is not all tangled leaves and bushes, like in films, but is actually fairly clear. It is
where dead leaves turn into food for the trees and other forest life.
They are not called rainforests for nothing! Rainforests can generate 75%of their own rain. At
least 80 inches of rain a year is normal-and in some areas there may be as much as 430 inches of
rain annually. This is real rain-your umbrella may protect you in a shower, but it won't keep you
dry if there is a full rainstorm. In just two hours, streams can rise ten to twenty feet. The humidity
（湿气）of large rainforests contributes to the formation of rainclouds that may travel to other
countries in need of rain.
12. What can we learn about rainforests from the first paragraph
A. They produce oxygen. B. They cover a vast area.
C. They are well managed. D. They are rich in wildlife.
13. Which of the following contributes most to the survival of rainforests
A. Heavy rains B. Big trees.
C. Small plants. D. Forest animals.
14. Why do the leaves and branches of different trees avoid touching each other
A. For more sunlight. B. For more growing space.
C. For self-protection. D. For the detection of insects.
15. What can be a suitable title for the text
A. Life-Giving Rainforests B. The Law of the Jungle
C. Animals in the Amazon D. Weather in Rainforests
（2021年高考·英语·新高考全国Ⅰ卷）
A
Rome can be pricey for travelers, which is why many choose to stay in a hostel ( 旅 社 ).
The hostels in Rome offer a bed in a dorm room for around $25 a night, and for that, you’ll often
get to stay in a central location (位置) with security and comfort.
Yellow Hostel
If I had to make just one recommendation for where to stay in Rome, it would be Yellow
Hostel. It’s one of the best-rated hostels in the city, and for good reason. It’s affordable, and it’s
got a fun atmosphere without being too noisy. As an added bonus, it’s close to the main train
station.
Hostel Alessandro Palace
If you love social hostels, this is the best hostel for you in Rome. Hostel Alessandro Palace is
fun. Staff members hold plenty of bar events for guests like free shots, bar crawls and karaoke.
There’s also an area on the rooftop for hanging out with other travelers during the summer.
Youth Station Hostel
If you’re looking for cleanliness and a modern hostel, look no further than Youth Station. It
offers beautiful furnishings and beds. There are plenty of other benefits, too; it doesn’t charge city
tax; it has both air conditioning and a heater for the rooms; it also has free Wi-Fi in every room.
Hotel and Hostel Des Artistes
Hotel and Hostel Des Artistes is located just a 10-minute walk from the central city station
and it’s close to all of the city’s main attractions. The staff is friendly and helpful, providing you
with a map of the city when you arrive, and offering advice if you require some. However, you
need to pay 2 euros a day for Wi-Fi.
21. What is probably the major concern of travelers who choose to stay in a hostel
A. Comfort. B. Security.
C. Price. D. Location.
22. Which hotel best suits people who enjoy an active social life
A. Yellow Hostel. B. Hostel Alessandro Palace.
C. Youth Station Hostel. D. Hotel and Hostel Des Artistes.
23. What is the disadvantage of Hotel and Hostel Des Artistes
A. It gets noisy at night. B. Its staff is too talkative.
C. It charges for Wi-Fi. D. It’s inconveniently located.
B
By day, Robert Titterton is a lawyer. In his spare on stage beside pianist Maria Raspopova —
not as a musician but as her page turner. “I’m not a trained musician, but I’ve learnt to read music
so I can help Maria in her performance.”
Mr Titterton is chairman of the Omega Ensemble but has been the group’s official page
turner for the past four years. His job is to sit beside the pianist and turn the pages of the score so
the musician doesn’t have to break the flow of sound by doing it themselves. He said he became
just as nervous as those playing instruments on stage.
“A lot of skills are needed for the job. You have to make sure you don’t turn two pages at
once and make sure you find the repeats in the music when you have to go back to the right
spot.” Mr Titterton explained.
Being a page turner requires plenty of practice. Some pieces of music can go for 40 minutes
and require up to 50 page turns, including back turns for repeat passages. Silent onstage
communication is key, and each pianist has their own style of “nodding” to indicate a page turn
which they need to practise with their page turner.
But like all performances, there are moments when things go wrong. “I was turning the page
to get ready for the next page, but the draft wind from the turn caused the spare pages to fall off
the stand,” Mr Titterton said, “Luckily I was able to catch them and put them back.”
Most page turners are piano students or up-and-coming concert pianists, although Ms
Raspopova has once asked her husband to help her out on stage.
“My husband is the worst page turner,” she laughed. “He’s interested in the music, feeling
every note, and I have to say: ‘Turn, turn!’ “Robert is the best page turner I’ve had in my entire
life.”
24. What should Titterton be able to do to be a page turner
A. Read music. B. Play the piano.
C. Sing songs. D. Fix the instruments.
25. Which of the following best describes Titterton’s job on stage
A. Boring. B. Well-paid.
C. Demanding. D. Dangerous.
26. What does Titterton need to practise
A. Counting the pages. B. Recognizing the “nodding”.
C. Catching falling objects. D. Performing in his own style.
27. Why is Ms Raspopova’s husband “the worse page turner”
A He has very poor eyesight. B. He ignores the audience.
C. He has no interest in music. D. He forgets to do his job.
C
When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America, the skies and lands
were alive with an astonishing variety of wildlife. Native Americans had taken care of these
precious natural resources wisely. Unfortunately, it took the explorers and the settlers who
followed only a few decades to decimate a large part of these resources. Millions of waterfowl
( 水 禽 ) were killed at the hands of market hunters and a handful of overly ambitious sportsmen.
Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-increasing populations, greatly
reducing waterfowl habitat.
In 1934, with the passage of the Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act (Act), an increasingly
concerned nation took firm action to stop the destruction of migratory ( 迁徙的) waterfowl and
the wetlands so vital to their survival. Under this Act, all waterfowl hunters 16 years of age and
over must annually purchase and carry a Federal Duck Stamp. The very first Federal Duck Stamp
was designed by J.N. “Ding” Darling, a political cartoonist from Des Moines, lowa, who at that
time was appointed by President Franklin Roosevelt as Director of the Bureau of Biological
Survey. Hunters willingly pay the stamp price to ensure the survival of our natural resources.
About 98 cents of every duck stamp dollar goes directly into the Migratory Bird
Conservation Fund to purchase wetlands and wildlife habitat for inclusion into the National
Wildlife Refuge System — a fact that ensures this land will be protected and available for all
generations to come. Since 1934 better than half a billion dollars has gone into that Fund to
purchase more than 5 million acres of habitat. Little wonder the Federal Duck Stamp Program has
been called one of the most successful conservation programs ever initiated.
28. What was a cause of the waterfowl population decline in North America
A. Loss of wetlands. B. Popularity of water sports.
C. Pollution of rivers. D. Arrival of other wild animals.
29. What does the underlined word “decimate” mean in the first paragraph
A. Acquire. B. Export.
C. Destroy. D. Distribute.
30. What is a direct result of the Act passed in 1934
A. The stamp price has gone down. B. The migratory birds have flown away.
C. The hunters have stopped hunting. D. The government has collected money.
31. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text
A. The Federal Duck Stamp Story B. The National Wildlife Refuge System
C. The Benefits of Saving Waterfowl D. The History of Migratory Bird Hunting
D
Popularization has in some cases changed the original meaning of emotional (情感的)
intellingence. Many people now misunderstand emotional intelligence as almost everything
desirable in a person's makeup that cannot be measured by an IQ test, such as character,
motivation, confidence, mental stability, optimism and “people skills.” Research has shown that
emotional skills may contribute to some of these qualities, but most of them move far beyond
skill-based emotional intelligence.
We prefer to describe emotional intelligence as a specific set of skills that can be used for
either good or bad purposes. The ability to accurately understand how others are feeling may be
used by a doctor to find how best to help her patients, while a cheater might use it to control
potential victims. Being emotionally intelligent does not necessarily make one a moral person.
Although popular beliefs regarding emotional intelligence run far ahead of what research can
reasonably support, the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful.
The most positive aspect of this popularization is a new and much needed emphasis (重视) on
emotion by employers, educators and others interested in promoting social well-being. The
popularization of emotional intelligence has helped both the public and researchers re-evaluate the
functionality of emotions and how they serve people adaptively in everyday life.
Although the continuing popular appeal of emotional intelligence is desirable, we hope that
such attention will excite a greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study of emotion. It is
our hope that in coming decades, advances in science will offer new perspectives (视角) from
which to study how people manage their lives. Emotional intelligence, with its focus on both head
and heart, may serve to point us in the right direction.
32. What is a common misunderstanding of emotional intelligence
A. It can be measured by an IQ test. B. It helps to exercise a person’s mind.
C. It includes a set of emotional skills. D. It refers to a person’s positive qualities.
33. Why does the author mention “doctor” and “cheater” in paragraph 2
A. To explain a rule. B. To clarify a concept.
C. To present a fact. D. To make a prediction.
34. What is the author’s attitude to the popularization of emotional intelligence
A. Favorable. B. Intolerant.
C. Doubtful. D. Unclear.
35. What does the last paragraph mainly talk about concerning emotional intelligence
A. Its appeal to the public. B. Expectations for future studies.
C. Its practical application. D. Scientists with new perspectives.
（2021年高考·英语·新高考全国Ⅱ卷）
A
Things to Do in Yorkshire This Summer
Harrogate Music Festival
Since its birth, Harrogate Music Festival has gone from strength to strength. This year, we
are celebrating our 50th anniversary. We begin on 1st June with Manchester Camerata and Nicola
Benedetti, presenting an amazing programme of Mozart pieces.
Dates:1 June-31 July
Tickets: 12- 96
Jodie's Fitness Summer Classes
As the summer months roll in, our Georgian country estate makes the perfect setting for an
outdoor fitness session. Come and work out with our qualified personal trainer, Jodie McGregor,
on the grounds of the Middleton Lodge estate.
We will be holding a free taster session on 23rd May, at 10 am, to demonstrate the variety of
effective and active exercises. There are eight spaces available for the taster session. Advance
bookings are required(info@middletonlodge.co.uk.paris)
Dates:23 May-11 July
Tickets: 7.50 per session
Felt Picture Making
Working from an inspirational picture, this workshop at Helmsley Arts Centre will teach you
the techniques you will need to recreate your picture in wool.
We will also discuss the origins of felt, what enables wool fibres to become felt and how the
processes we use work.
Dates: 12 June-12 July
Tickets: 40 including materials
Figure It Out!-Playing with Math
A new exhibition in Halifax uses everyday activities to explain the hidden math principles
we all use on a regular basis. Pack a bag, cut a cake, guess which juice container holds the most
liquid, and much more. Discover how architects, product designers and scientists use similar skills
in their work.
Dates:7 May-10 June
Tickets: Free
1. What should you do if you want to attend the taster session of Jodie's fitness classes
A. Join a fitness club. B. Pay a registration fee.
C. Make a booking. D. Hire a personal trainer.
2. How much is the ticket for Felt Picture Making
A. 7.50. B. 12. C. 40. D. 96.
3. Which of the following starts earliest
A. Harrogate Music Festival. B. Jodie's Fitness Summer Classes.
C. Felt Picture Making. D. Figure It Out!-Playing with Math.
B
I have worked as a keeper at the National Zoo, Paris for 11 years. Spot and Stripe are the first
tiger cubs that have ever been born here. Globally, a third of Sumatran cubs in zoos don't make it
to adulthood, so I decided to give them round-the-clock care at home.
I've got two children—the younger one, Kynan, was extremely happy about the tigers
arriving - but all of us really looked forward to being part of their lives and watching them grow. I
wasn't worried about bringing them into my home with my wife and kids. These were cubs. They
weighed about 2.5 kg and were so small that there was absolutely no risk.
As they grew more mobile, we let them move freely around the house during the day, but
when we were asleep we had to contain them in a large room, otherwise they'd get up to mischief.
We'd come down in the morning to find they'd turned the room upside down, and left it looking
like a zoo.
Things quickly got very intense due to the huge amount of energy required to look after them.
There were some tough times and I just felt extremely tired. I was grateful that my family was
there to help. We had to have a bit of a production line going, making up “tiger milk”, washing
baby bottles, and cleaning the floors.
When Spot and Stripe were four months old, they were learning how to open doors and jump
fences, and we knew it really was time for them to go. It was hard for us to finally part with them.
For the first few days, Kynan was always a bit disappointed that the cubs weren't there.
I'm not sad about it. I'm hands-on with them every day at the zoo, and I do look back very
fondly on the time that we had them.
4. Why did the author bring the tiger cubs home
A. To ensure their survival. B. To observe their differences.
C. To teach them life skills. D. To let them play with his kids.
5. What do the underlined words “get up to mischief” mean in paragraph 3
A. Behave badly. B. Lose their way. C. Sleep soundly. D. Miss
their mom.
6. What did the author think of raising the tiger cubs at home
A. Boring. B. Tiring. C. Costly. D. Risky.
7. Why did the author decide to send Spot and Stripe back to the zoo
A. They frightened the children. B. They became difficult to contain.
C. They annoyed the neighbours. D. They started fighting each other.
C
ABritish woman who won a S1 million prize after she was named the World's Best Teacher
will use the cash to bring inspirational figures into UK schools.
Andria Zafirakou,a north London secondary school teacher, said she wanted to bring about a
classroom revolution (变革). “We are going to make a change, ”she said.“I’ve started a project to
promote the teaching of the arts in our schools.”
The project results from the difficulties many schools have in getting artists of any sort -
whether an up-and-coming local musician or a major movie star - into schools to work with and
inspire children.
Zafirakou began the project at Alperton Community School, her place of work for the past
twelve years. “I've seen those magic moments when children are talking to someone they are
inspired by - their eyes are shining and their faces light up,” she said. “We need artists . more than
ever in our schools."
Artist Michael Craig-Martin said: “Andria's brilliant project to bring artists from all fields
into direct contact with children is particularly welcome at a time when the arts are being
downgraded in schools." It was a mistake to see the arts as unnecessary, he added.
Historian Sir Simon Schama is also a supporter of the project. He said that arts education in
schools was not just an add-on. “It is absolutely necessary. The future depends on creativity and
creativity depends on the young. What will remain of us when artificial intelligence takes over
will be our creativity, and it is our creative spirit, our visionary sense of freshness,that has been
our strength for centuries."
8. What will Zafirakou do with her prize money
A. Make a movie. B. Build new schools.
C. Run a project. D. Help local musicians.
9. What does Craig-Martin think of the teaching of the arts in UK schools
A. It is particularly difficult. B. It increases artists' income.
C. It opens children's mind. D. It deserves greater attention.
10. What should be stressed in school education according to Schama
A. Moral principles. B. Interpersonal skills.
C. Creative abilities. D. Positive worldviews.
11. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text
A. Bring Artists to Schools B. When Historians Meet Artists
C. Arts Education in Britain D. The World's Best Arts Teacher
D
An Australian professor is developing a robot to monitor the health of grazing cattle, a
development that could bring big changes to a profession that's relied largely on a low-tech
approach for decades but is facing a labor shortage.
Salah Sukkarieh, a professor at the University of Sydney, sees robots as necessary given how
cattlemen are aging. He is building a four-wheeled robot that will run on solar and electric power.
It will use cameras and sensors to monitor the animals. A computer system will analyze the video
to determine whether a cow is sick. Radio tags (标签) on the animals will measure temperature
changes. The quality of grassland will be tracked by monitoring the shape, color and texture (质地)
of grass. That way, cattlemen will know whether they need to move their cattle to another field for
nutrition purposes.
Machines have largely taken over planting, watering and harvesting crops such as com and
wheat, but the monitoring of cattle has gone through fewer changes.
For Texas cattleman Pete Bonds, it's increasingly difficult to find workers interested in
watching cattle. But Bonds doesn't believe a robot is right for the job. Years of experience in the
industry - and failed attempts to use technology - have convinced him that the best way to check
cattle is with a man on a horse. Bonds, who bought his first cattle almost 50 years ago, still has
each of his cowboys inspect 300 or 400 cattle daily and look for signs that an animal is getting
sick.
Other cattlemen see more promise in robots. Michael Kelsey Paris, vice president of the
Oklahoma Cattlemen's Association, said a robot could be extremely useful given rising concerns
about cattle theft. Cattle tend to be kept in remote places and their value has risen, making them
appealing targets.
12. What is a problem with the cattle-raising industry
A. Soil pollution. B. Lack of workers.
C. Aging machines. D. Low profitability.
13. What will Sukkarieh's robot be able to do
A. Monitor the quality of grass. B. Cure the diseased cattle.
C. Move cattle to another field. D. Predict weather changes.
14. Why does Pete Bonds still hire cowboys to watch cattle
A. He wants to help them earn a living. B. He thinks men can do the job better.
C. He is inexperienced in using robots. D. He enjoys the traditional way of life.
15. How may robots help with cattle watching according to Michael Kelsey
A. Increase the value of cattle. B. Bring down the cost of labor.
C. Make the job more appealing. D. Keep cattle from being stolen.
（2022年高考·英语·新高考Ⅰ卷）
A
Grading Policies for Introduction to Literature
Grading Scale
90-100, A; 80-89, B; 70-79, C; 60-69, D; Below 60, E.
Essays (60%)
Your four major essays will combine to form the main part of the grade for this course: Essay
1 = 10%; Essay 2 = 15%; Essay 3 = 15%; Essay 4 = 20%.
GroupAssignments (30%)
Students will work in groups to complete four assignments (作业) during the course. All the
assignments will be submitted by the assigned date through Blackboard, our online learning and
course management system.
Daily Work/In-Class Writings and Tests/Group Work/Homework (10%)
Class activities will vary from day to day, but students must be ready to complete short
in-class writings or tests drawn directly from assigned readings or notes from the previous class'
lecture/discussion, so it is important to take careful notes during class. Additionally, from time to
time I will assign group work to be completed in class or short assignments to be completed at
home, both of which will be graded.
Late Work
An essay not submitted in class on the due date will lose a letter grade for each class period it
is late. If it is not turned in by the 4th day after the due date, it will earn a zero. Daily assignments
not completed during class will get a zero. Short writings missed as a result of an excused absence
will be accepted.
1. Where is this text probably taken from
A. A textbook. B. An exam paper.
C. A course plan. D. An academic article.
2. How many parts is a student’s final grade made up of
A. Two. B. Three. C. Four. D. Five.
3. What will happen if you submit an essay one week after the due date
A. You will receive a zero. B. You will lose a letter grade.
C. You will be given a test. D. You will have to rewrite it.
B
Like most of us, I try to be mindful of food that goes to waste. The arugula (芝麻菜)was to
make a nice green salad, rounding out a roast chicken dinner. But I ended up working late. Then
friends called with a dinner invitation. I stuck the chicken in the freezer. But as days passed, the
arugula went bad. Even worse, I had unthinkingly bought way too much; I could have made six
salads with what I threw out.
In a world where nearly 800 million people a year go hungry, “food waste goes against the
moral grain,” as Elizabeth Royte writes in this month’s cover story. It’s jaw-dropping how much
perfectly good food is thrown away — from “ugly” (but quite eatable) vegetables rejected by
grocers to large amounts of uneaten dishes thrown into restaurant garbage cans.
Producing food that no one eats wastes the water, fuel, and other resources used to grow it.
That makes food waste an environmental problem. In fact, Royte writes, “if food waste were a
country, it would be the third largest producer of greenhouse gases in the world.”
If that’s hard to understand, let’s keep it as simple as the arugula at the back of my
refrigerator. Mike Curtin sees my arugula story all the time — but for him, it's more like 12 bones
of donated strawberries nearing their last days. Curtin is CEO of DC Central Kitchen in
Washington, D.C., which recovers food and turns it into healthy meals. Last year it recovered
more than 807,500 pounds of food by taking donations and collecting blemished (有瑕疵的)
produce that otherwise would have rotted in fields. And the strawberries Volunteers will wash,
cut, and freeze or dry them for use in meals down the road.
Such methods seem obvious, yet so often we just don’t think. “Everyone can play a part in
reducing waste, whether by not purchasing more food than necessary in your weekly shopping or
by asking restaurants to not include the side dish you won’t eat,” Curtin says.
4. What does the author want to show by telling the arugula story
A. We pay little attention to food waste. B. We waste food unintentionally at times.
C. We waste more vegetables than meat. D. We have good reasons for wasting food.
5. What is a consequence of food waste according to the test
A. Moral decline. B. Environmental harm.
C. Energy shortage. D. Worldwide starvation.
6. What does Curtin’s company do
A. It produces kitchen equipment. B. It turns rotten arugula into clean fuel.
C. It helps local farmers grow fruits. D. It makes meals out of unwanted food.
7. What does Curtin suggest people do
A.Buy only what is needed. B. Reduce food consumption.
C.Go shopping once a week. D. Eat in restaurants less often.
C
The elderly residents (居民) in care homes in London are being given hens to look after to
stop them feeling lonely.
The project was dreamed up by a local charity (慈善组织) to reduce loneliness and improve
elderly people’s wellbeing, It is also being used to help patients suffering dementia, a serious
illness of the mind. Staff in care homes have reported a reduction in the use of medicine where
hens are in use.
Among those taking part in the project is 80-year-old Ruth Xavier. She said: “I used to keep
hens when I was younger and had to prepare their breakfast each morning before I went to
school. ”
“I like the project a lot. I am down there in my wheelchair in the morning letting the hens out
and down there again at night to see they’ve gone to bed.”
“It’s good to have a different focus. People have been bringing their children in to see the
hens and residents come and sit outside to watch them. I’m enjoying the creative activities, and it
feels great to have done something useful.”
There are now 700 elderly people looking after hens in 20 care homes in the North East, and
the charity has been given financial support to roll it out countrywide.
Wendy Wilson, extra care manager at 60 Penfold Street, one of the first to embark on the
project, said: “Residents really welcome the idea of the project and the creative sessions. We are
looking forward to the benefits and fun the project can bring to people here.”
Lynn Lewis, director of Notting Hill Pathways, said: “We are happy to be taking part in the
project. It will really help connect our residents through a shared interest and creative activities.”
8. What is the purpose of the project
A. To ensure harmony in care homes. B. To provide part-time jobs for the aged.
C. To raise money for medical research. D. To promote the elderly people’s welfare.
9. How has the project affected Ruth Xavier
A. She has learned new life skills. B. She has gained a sense of achievement.
C. She has recovered her memory. D. She has developed a strong personality.
10. What do the underlined words “embark on” mean in paragraph 7
A. Improve. B. Oppose. C. Begin. D. Evaluate.
11. What can we learn about the project from the last two paragraphs
A. It is well received. B. It needs to be more creative.
C. It is highly profitable. D. It takes ages to see the results.
D
Human speech contains more than 2,000 different sounds, from the common “m” and “a” to
the rare clicks of some southern African languages. But why are certain sounds more common
than others A ground-breaking, five-year study shows that diet-related changes in human bite led
to new speech sounds that are now found in half the world’s languages.
More than 30 years ago, the scholar Charles Hockett noted that speech sounds called
labiodentals, such as “f” and “v”, were more common in the languages of societies that ate softer
foods. Now a team of researchers led by Damián Blasi at the University of Zurich, Switzerland,
has found how and why this trend arose.
They discovered that the upper and lower front teeth of ancient human adults were aligned
(对齐), making it hard to produce labiodentals, which are formed by touching the lower lip to the
upper teeth. Later, our jaws changed to an overbite structure (结构), making it easier to produce
such sounds.
The team showed that this change in bite was connected with the development of agriculture
in the Neolithic period. Food became easier to chew at this point. The jawbone didn’t have to do
as much work and so didn’t grow to be so large.
Analyses of a language database also confirmed that there was a global change in the sound
of world languages after the Neolithic age, with the use of “f” and “v” increasing remarkably
during the last few thousand years. These sounds are still not found in the languages of many
hunter-gatherer people today.
This research overturns the popular view that all human speech sounds were present when
human beings evolved around 300,000 years ago. ”The set of speech sounds we use has not
necessarily remained stable since the appearance of human beings, but rather the huge variety of
speech sounds that we find today is the product of a complex interplay of things like biological
change and cultural evolution,“ said Steven Moran, a member of the research team.
12. Which aspect of the human speech sound does Damián Blasi’s research focus on
A. Its variety. B. Its distribution.
C. Its quantity. D. Its development.
13. Why was it difficult for ancient human adults to produce labiodentals
A. They had fewer upper teeth than lower teeth.
B. They could not open and close their lips easily.
C. Their jaws were not conveniently structured.
D.Their lower front teeth were not large enough.
14. What is paragraph 5 mainly about
A. Supporting evidence for the research results.
B. Potential application of the research findings.
C. A further explanation of the research methods.
D. A reasonable doubt about the research process.
15. What does Steven Moran say about the set of human speech sounds
A. It is key to effective communication. B. It contributes much to cultural diversity.
C. It is a complex and dynamic system. D. It drives the evolution of human beings.
（2022年高考·英语·新高考Ⅱ卷）
A
Children’s Discovery Museum
General Information about Group Play
Pricing
Group Play $7/person
Scholarships
We offer scholarships to low-income schools and youth organizations, subject to availability.
Participation in a post-visit survey is required.
Scholarships are for Group Play admission fees and/or transportation. Transportation invoices
(发票) must be received within 60 days of your visit to guarantee the scholarship.
Group Size
We require one chaperone (监护人) per ten children. Failure to provide enough chaperones
will result in an extra charge of $50 per absent adult.
Group Play is for groups of 10 or more with a limit of 35 people. For groups of 35 or more,
please call to discuss options.
Hours
The Museum is open daily from 9:30 am to 4:30 pm.
Group Play may be scheduled during any day or time the Museum is open.
Registration Policy
Registration must be made at least two weeks in advance.
Register online or fill out a Group Play Registration Form with multiple date and start time
options.
Once the registration form is received and processed, we will send a confirmation email
within two business days.
Guidelines
●Teachers and chaperones should model good behavior for the group and remain with
students at all times.
●Children are not allowed unaccompanied in all areas of the Museum.
●Children should play nicely with each other and exhibits.
●Use your indoor voice when at the Museum.
1. What does a group need to do if they are offered a scholarship
A. Prepay the admission fees. B. Use the Museum’s transportation.
C. Take a survey after the visit. D. Schedule their visit on weekdays.
2. How many chaperones are needed for a group of 30 children to visit the Museum
A. One. B. Two. C. Three. D. Four.
3. What are children prohibited from doing at the Museum
A. Using the computer. B. Talking with each other.
C. Touching the exhibits. D. Exploring the place alone.
B
We journalists live in a new age of storytelling, with many new multimedia tools. Many
young people don’t even realize it’s new. For them, it’s just normal.
This hit home for me as I was sitting with my 2-year-old grandson on a sofa over the Spring
Festival holiday. I had brought a children’s book to read. It had simple words and colorful pictures
— a perfect match for his age.
Picture this: my grandson sitting on my lap as I hold the book in front so he can see the
pictures. As I read, he reaches out and pokes (戳) the page with his finger.
What’s up with that He just likes the pictures, I thought. Then I turned the page and
continued. He poked the page even harder. I nearly dropped the book. I was confused: Is there
something wrong with this kid
Then I realized what was happening. He was actually a stranger to books. His father
frequently amused the boy with a tablet computer which was loaded with colorful pictures that
come alive when you poke them. He thought my storybook was like that.
Sorry, kid. This book is not part of your high-tech world. It’s an outdated, lifeless thing. An
antique, like your grandfather. Well, I may be old, but I’m not hopelessly challenged, digitally
speaking. I edit video and produce audio. I use mobile payment. I’ve even built websites.
There’s one notable gap in my new-media experience, however: I’ve spent little time in front
of a camera, since I have a face made for radio. But that didn’t stop China Daily from asking me
last week to share a personal story for a video project about the integration of Beijing, Tianjin and
Hebei province.
Anyway, grandpa is now an internet star — two minutes of fame! I promise not to let it go to
my head. But I will make sure my 2-year-old grandson sees it on his tablet.
4. What do the underlined words “hit home for me” mean in paragraph 2
A. Provided shelter for me. B. Became very clear to me.
C. Took the pressure off me. D. Worked quite well on me.
5. Why did the kid poke the storybook
A. He took it for a tablet computer. B. He disliked the colorful pictures.
C. He was angry with his grandpa. D. He wanted to read it by himself.
6. What does the author think of himself
A. Socially ambitious. B. Physically attractive.
C. Financially independent. D. Digitally competent.
7. What can we learn about the author as a journalist
A. He lacks experience in his job. B. He seldom appears on television.
C. He manages a video department. D. He often interviews internet stars.
C
Over the last seven years, most states have banned texting by drivers, and public service
campaigns have tried a wide range of methods to persuade people to put down their phones when
they are behind the wheel.
Yet the problem, by just about any measure, appears to be getting worse. Americans are still
texting while driving, as well as using social networks and taking photos. Road accidents, which
had fallen for years, are now rising sharply.
That is partly because people are driving more, but Mark Rosekind, the chief of the National
Highway Traffic Safety Administration, said distracted（分心）driving was "only increasing,
unfortunately."
"Big change requires big ideas." he said in a speech last month, referring broadly to the need
to improve road safety. So to try to change a distinctly modern behavior, lawmakers and public
health experts are reaching back to an old approach: They want to treat distracted driving like
drunk driving.
An idea from lawmakers in New York is to give police officers a new device called the
Textalyzer. It would work like this: An officer arriving at the scene of a crash could ask for the
phones of the drivers and use the Textalyzer to check in the operating system for recent activity.
The technology could determine whether a driver had just texted, emailed or done anything else
that is not allowed under New York's hands-free driving laws.
"We need something on the books that can change people's behavior,” said Félix W. Ortiz,
who pushed for the state's 2001 ban on hand-held devices by drivers. If the Textalyzer bill
becomes law, he said, "people are going to be more afraid to put their hands on the cell phone."
8. Which of the following best describes the ban on drivers' texting in the US
A. Ineffective. B. Unnecessary.
C. Inconsistent. D. Unfair.
9. What can the Textalyzer help a police officer find out
A. Where a driver came from. B. Whether a driver used their phone.
C. How fast a driver was going. D. When a driver arrived at the scene.
10. What does the underlined word "something" in the last paragraph refer to
A. Advice. B. Data. C. Tests. D. Laws.
11. What is a suitable title for the text
A. To Drive or Not to Drive Think Before You Start
B. Texting and Driving Watch Out for the Textalyzer
C. New York Banning Hand-Held Devices by Drivers.
D. The Next Generation Cell Phone: The Textalyzer-
D
As we age, even if we’re healthy, the heart just isn’t as efficient in processing oxygen as it
used to be. In most people the first signs show up in their 50s or early 60s. And among people who
don’t exercise, the changes can start even sooner.
“Think of a rubber band. In the beginning, it is flexible, but put it in a drawer for 20 years
and it will become dry and easily broken,” says Dr. Ben Levine, a heart specialist at the University
of Texas. That’s what happens to the heart. Fortunately for those in midlife, Levine is finding that
even if you haven’t been an enthusiastic exerciser, getting in shape now may help improve your
aging heart.
Levine and his research team selected volunteers aged between 45 and 64 who did not
exercise much but were otherwise healthy. Participants were randomly divided into two groups.
The first group participated in a program of nonaerobic (无氧) exercise—balance training and
weight training—three times a week. The second group did high-intensity aerobic exercise under
the guidance of a trainer for four or more days a week. After two years, the second group saw
remarkable improvements in heart health.
“We took these 50-year-old hearts and turned the clock back to 30-or 35-year-old hearts,”
says Levine. “And the reason they got so much stronger and fitter was that their hearts could now
fill a lot better and pump (泵送) a lot more blood during exercise.” But the hearts of those who
participated in less intense exercise didn’t change, he says.
“The sweet spot in life to start exercising, if you haven’t already, is in late middle age when
the heart still has flexibility,” Levine says. “We put healthy 70-year-olds through a yearlong
exercise training program, and nothing happened to them at all.”
Dr. Nieca Goldberg, a spokeswoman for the American Heart Association, says Levine’s
findings are a great start. But the study was small and needs to be repeated with far larger groups
of people to determine exactly which aspects of an exercise routine make the biggest difference.
12. What does Levine want to explain by mentioning the rubber band
A. The right way of exercising. B. The causes of a heart attack.
C. The difficulty of keeping fit. D. The aging process of the heart.
13. In which aspect were the two groups different in terms of research design
A. Diet plan. B. Professional background.
C. Exercise type. D. Previous physical condition.
14. What does Levine’s research find
A. Middle-aged hearts get younger with aerobic exercise.
B. High-intensity exercise is more suitable for the young.
C. It is never too late for people to start taking exercise.
D. The more exercise we do, the stronger our hearts get.
15. What does Dr. Nieca Goldberg suggest
A. Making use of the findings. B. Interviewing the study participants.
C. Conducting further research. D. Clarifying the purpose of the study.
（2023年高考·英语·新高考Ⅰ卷）
A
Bike Rental & Guided Tours
Welcome to Amsterdam, welcome to MacBike. You see much more from the seat of a bike!
Cycling is the most economical, sustainable and fun way to explore the city, with its beautiful
canals, parks, squares and countless lights. You can also bike along lovely landscapes outside of
Amsterdam.
Why MacBike
MacBike has been around for almost 30 years and is the biggest bicycle rental company in
Amsterdam. With over 2,500 bikes stored in our five rental shops at strategic locations, we make
sure there is always a bike available for you. We offer the newest bicycles in a wide variety,
including basic bikes with foot brake (刹车), bikes with hand brake and gears (排挡), bikes with
child seats, and children’s bikes.
Prices
Hand Brake, Three Gears Foot Brake, No Gears
1 hour ?7.50 ?5.00
3 hours ?11.00 ?7.50
1 day (24 hours) ?14.75 ?9.75
Each additional day ?8.00 ?6.00
Guided City Tours
The 2.5-hour tour covers the Gooyer Windmill, the Skinny Bridge, the Rijksmuseum,
Heineken Brewery and much more. The tour departs from Dam Square every hour on the hour,
starting at 1:00 pm every day. You can buy your ticket in a MacBike shop or book online.
1. What is an advantage of MacBike
A. It gives children a discount. B. It of offers many types of bikes.
C. It organizes free cycle tours. D. It has over 2,500 rental shops.
2. How much do you pay for renting a bike with hand brake and three gears for two days
A. ?15.75. B. ?19.50. C. ?22.75. D. ?29.50.
3. Where does the guided city tour start
A. The Gooyer, Windmill. B. The Skinny Bridge.
C. Heineken Brewery. D. Dam Square.
B
When John Todd was a child, he loved to explore the woods around his house, observing how
nature solved problems. A dirty stream, for example, often became clear after flowing through
plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived. When he got older, John started to wonder if
this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making.
After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in college, John went back to observing
nature and asking questions. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria (细菌) Which kinds of
fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals With the right combination of animals and plants, he
figured, maybe he could clean up waste the way nature did. He decided to build what he would
later call an eco-machine.
The task John set for himself was to remove harmful substances from some sludge (污泥).
First, he constructed a series of clear fiberglass tanks connected to each other. Then he went
around to local ponds and streams and brought back some plants and animals. He placed them in
the tanks and waited. Little by little, these different kinds of life got used to one another and
formed their own ecosystem. After a few weeks, John added the sludge.
He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the eco-machine took the sludge as
food and began to eat it! Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all that was left was pure
water.
Over the years, John has taken on many big jobs. He developed a greenhouse — like facility
that treated sewage (污水) from 1,600 homes in South Burlington. He also designed an
eco-machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou, a city in southeast China.
“Ecological design” is the name John gives to what he does. “Life on Earth is kind of a box
of spare parts for the inventor,” he says. “You put organisms in new relationships and observe
what’s happening. Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self-repair.”
4. What can we learn about John from the first two paragraphs
A. He was fond of traveling. B. He enjoyed being alone.
C. He had an inquiring mind. D. He longed to be a doctor.
5. Why did John put the sludge into the tanks
A. To feed the animals. B. To build an ecosystem.
C. To protect the plants. D. To test the eco-machine.
6. What is the author’s purpose in mentioning Fuzhou
A. To review John’s research plans. B. To show an application of John’s idea.
C. To compare John’s different jobs. D. To erase doubts about John’s invention.
7. What is the basis for John’s work
A. Nature can repair itself. B. Organisms need water to survive.
C. Life on Earth is diverse. D. Most tiny creatures live in groups.
C
The goal of this book is to make the case for digital minimalism, including a detailed
exploration of what it asks and why it works, and then to teach you how to adopt this philosophy if
you decide it’s right for you.
To do so, I divided the book into two parts. In part one, I describe the philosophical
foundations of digital minimalism, starting with an examination of the forces that are making so
many people’s digital lives increasingly intolerable, before moving on to a detailed discussion of
the digital minimalism philosophy.
Part one concludes by introducing my suggested method for adopting this philosophy: the
digital declutter. This process requires you to step away from optional online activities for thirty
days. At the end of the thirty days, you will then add back a small number of carefully chosen
online activities that you believe will provide massive benefits to the things you value.
In the final chapter of part one, I’ll guide you through carrying out your own digital declutter.
In doing so, I’ll draw on an experiment I ran in 2018 in which over 1,600 people agreed to
perform a digital declutter. You’ll hear these participants’ stories and learn what strategies worked
well for them, and what traps they encountered that you should avoid.
The second part of this book takes a closer look at some ideas that will help you cultivate (培
养 ) a sustainable digital minimalism lifestyle. In these chapters, I examine issues such as the
importance of solitude (独处) and the necessity of cultivating high-quality leisure to replace the
time most now spend on mindless device use. Each chapter concludes with a collection of
practices, which are designed to help you act on the big ideas of the chapter. You can view these
practices as a toolbox meant to aid your efforts to build a minimalist lifestyle that words for your
particular circumstances.
8. What is the book aimed at
A. Teaching critical thinking skills. B. Advocating a simple digital lifestyle.
C. Solving philosophical problems. D. Promoting the use of a digital device.
9. What does the underlined word “declutter” in paragraph 3 mean
A. Clear-up. B. Add-on. C. Check-in. D. Take-over.
10. What is presented in the final chapter of part one
A. Theoretical models. B. Statistical methods.
C. Practical examples. D. Historical analyses.
11. What does the author suggest readers do with the practices offered in part two
A. Use them as needed. B. Recommend them to friends.
C. Evaluate their effects. D. Identify the ideas behind them.
D
On March 7, 1907, the English statistician Francis Galton published a paper which illustrated
what has come to be known as the “wisdom of crowds” effect. The experiment of estimation he
conducted showed that in some cases, the average of a large number of independent estimates
could be quite accurate.
This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors, those errors aren’t always
the same. Some people will tend to overestimate, and some to underestimate. When enough of
these errors are averaged together, they cancel each other out, resulting in a more accurate
estimate. If people are similar and tend to make the same errors, then their errors won’t cancel
each other out. In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people’s estimates be
independent. If for whatever reasons, people’s errors become correlated or dependent, the
accuracy of the estimate will go down.
But a new study led by Joaquin Navajas offered an interesting twist (转折 ) on this classic
phenomenon. The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller
groups that were allowed to have a discussion, the averages from these groups were more accurate
than those from an equal number of independent individuals. For instance, the average obtained
from the estimates of four discussion groups of five was significantly more accurate than the
average obtained from 20 independent individuals.
In a follow-up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried to get a better sense of
what the group members actually did in their discussion. Did they tend to go with those most
confident about their estimates Did they follow those least willing to change their minds This
happened some of the time, but it wasn’t the dominant response. Most frequently, the groups
reported that they “shared arguments and reasoned

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