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练习38　七选五＋完形填空＋应用文写作
授课提示：对应学生用书95页
　
Ⅰ.七选五
2023·新课标Ⅱ卷 说明文 330词 ★★☆☆☆
As an artist who shares her journey on social media, I'm often asked by curious followers how to begin an art journey. Unfortunately, there is no magic list I can offer. I do remember, though, what it was like to be a complete beginner. So I've put together some good tips for starting an art journey.
·Start small. I suggest using a sketchbook (素描本) for small studies. These small studies provide inspiration and may be a springboard for more complex works in the future. __1__ You'll want to look back on your journey to see how far you've come.
·Paint often and paint from life. There's no better way to improve than to put in those brush miles. Whether you paint still lives, portraits, or landscapes, paint from life as much as possible. __2__
·Continually challenge yourself to try something new. __3__ Artistic growth can be a bit painful. Welcome to the club；we've all been there. I love taking on challenges. I once took up a challenge to create a painting every day for a month and post the works online.
·__4__Seeking and accepting constructive feedback (反馈) is crucial to growth. I post my work on social media and, in turn, have met some of the kindest people. They make me feel valued and respected, no matter my level of artistic ability.
The journey you're on won't follow a straight path. __5__ Push through, give it time and put in the effort. You will harvest the rewards of an artistic life.
A.Get out of your comfort zone.
B．Make career plans and set goals.
C．Don't throw away your beginner art.
D．Share your work if you feel comfortable doing so.
E.You'll hit roadblocks, and you'll feel discouraged at times.
F.Evaluate your performance and, if needed, redefine your role.
G.You'll develop that painting muscle memory that only comes with repetition.
【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。文章介绍了一些开始艺术之旅的好建议。
1．答案与解析：C　根据前文“Start small. I suggest using a sketchbook (素描本) for small studies. These small studies provide inspiration and may be a springboard for more complex works in the future. (从小开始。我建议使用一个素描本进行小规模的学习和实践。这些小的学习和实践可以提供灵感，并成为未来更复杂的作品的跳板)”以及后文“You'll want to look back on your journey to see how far you've come. (你会想要回顾一下自己的艺术之旅，看看自己已经取得多少进步)”可知，空处应是一个过渡句，从给出建议使用一个素描本进行小规模的学习和实践，到回顾自己的艺术之旅，所以C项“Don't throw away your beginner art. (不要扔掉你的初学时的艺术作品)”符合文意，和后文形成顺承关系。故选C项。
2．答案与解析：G　分析设空处，位于段尾，是对本段的总结，根据前文“Paint often and paint from life. There's no better way to improve than to put in those brush miles. Whether you paint still lives, portraits, or landscapes, paint from life as much as possible. (经常作画，且从生活中作画。没有什么比不断练习更能提高你的艺术水平了。无论你是绘制静物、肖像还是风景，都要尽可能地从真实生活中去观察和绘制)”可知，本段主要讲述不断练习绘画，所以G项“You'll develop that painting muscle memory that only comes with repetition. (你会逐渐形成只有通过反复练习才能获得的绘画肌肉记忆)”是对前文的总结。故选G项。
3．答案与解析：A　分析设空处，空处位于第二句，此处应是对前一句的进一步解释，并同时引出后文，根据前文“Continually challenge yourself to try something new. (不断挑战自己，尝试新事物)”以及后文“Artistic growth can be a bit painful. (艺术的成长可能会有点痛苦)”可知，A项“Get out of your comfort zone. (走出你的舒适区)”是对前句的进一步说明，和后文构成顺承关系。故选A项。
4．答案与解析：D　分析设空处，位于段首，是本段的中心句，根据后文“Seeking and accepting constructive feedback (反馈) is crucial to growth. I post my work on social media and, in turn, have met some of the kindest people. They make me feel valued and respected, no matter my level of artistic ability. (寻求并接受有建设性的反馈对于你的成长非常重要。我在社交媒体上发布我的作品，并因此结识了一些最友好的人。无论我的艺术水平如何，他们都让我感到受到了重视和尊重)”可知，本段主要讲述了是分享自己的作品，所以D项“Share your work if you feel comfortable doing so. (如果你感觉舒适的话，分享你的作品)”符合文意，是本段的中心句。故选D项。
5．答案与解析：E　分析设空处，空处位于第二句，此处应是对前一句的进一步解释，并同时引出后文，根据前文“The journey you're on won't follow a straight path. (你的旅程不会是一条笔直的道路)”以及后文“Push through, give it time and put in the effort. You will harvest the rewards of an artistic life. (坚持下去，给它时间，付出努力。你将收获艺术生活的回报)”可知，E项“You'll hit roadblocks, and you'll feel discouraged at times. (你会遇到障碍，有时你会感到气馁)”是对前句的进一步说明，和后文构成顺承关系。故选E项。
Ⅱ.完形填空
2024·河南开封模拟 记叙文 315词 ★★★★☆
Ahmad is the founder and CEO of Copia, which she __1__ as “ meets Uber for food recovery.” Companies use the Copia app to __2__ when they have leftover food, what kind, and how much. When recipients such as shelters, soup kitchens, and agencies first register with Copia, they indicate how many people they need to __3__， on what days, and what kind of food they'll take. The app uses an algorithm to place the excess food, which is delivered by trained food handlers.
How did Ahmad create Copia As a senior at UC, Berkeley, she was walking near campus one day when she saw a young man __4__ for food. She invited him to sit down for a meal. He told her his name was John and that he had __5__ returned from a second tour in Iraq, but hadn't eaten for three days because his VA benefits (退伍军人管理局福利) hadn't __6__ .
Ahmad had an aha moment then: __7__ homeless people like John were starving in Berkeley, across the street the university dining halls were tossing out still edible food. After she did some research, she says, “I __8__ that this indicated a much larger problem.” Ahmad started a student group that recovered food from campus venues and __9__ it to local nonprofits.
__10__ as this was, the inefficiencies bothered her. One day, she got a call from the dining hall manager, who had 500 tasty sandwiches left over from a(n) __11__. If Ahmad wanted them, she needed to pick them up as soon as possible, before they __12__. She __13__ a car, loaded it with the food, and called nonprofits. She found takers for only 25 sandwiches and ended up giving out the rest at a nearby park.
“I remember thinking how __14__ it would be if people who had food could say ‘Hey, we have stuff’ and people who needed it could speak up, and then we could __15__ the two.”
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。为了解决食物短缺和食物浪费的现状，Ahmad发明了一个叫作Copia的应用程序，它将多余的食物与需要帮助的社区联系起来以便实现食物资源的合理利用。
1．A.recognizes B．describes
C．mistakes D．clears
答案与解析：B　根据上文的“Ahmad is the founder and CEO of Copia”可知，她将Copia这个应用程序描述为“”与“Uber”相结合以用于食物回收。故选B项。recognize“认出”；describe“描述”；mistake“弄错，误解”；clear“清除，清理”。
2．A.touch B．decide
C．report D．believe
答案与解析：C　根据下文的“when they have leftover food, what kind, and how much”可知，用该程序的目的是报告关于食物的详细信息，比如什么时候有剩余食物等。故选C项。touch“触摸”；decide“决定”；report“报告，报道”；believe“相信”。
3．A.follow B．please
C．feed D．keep
答案与解析：C　根据上文的“When recipients such as shelters, soup kitchens, and agencies first register with Copia”可知，收容所、施粥所和服务机构首次在Copia注册时，他们会说明需要给多少人食物。故选C项。follow“跟随”；please“使高兴”；feed“给食物，喂养”。
4．A.waiting B．heading
C．arranging D．begging
答案与解析：D　根据下文的“She invited him to sit down for a meal”可知，她请这个年轻男人吃饭，故推断前文是看见男人在乞讨食物。故选D项。arrange“安排”；beg“乞讨”。
5．A.suddenly B．recently
C．wisely D．politely
答案与解析：B　根据语境可知，他因为还不能享受退伍军人管理局福利，已经三天没吃饭了，所以推测他应该是最近从伊拉克回来的。故选B项。suddenly“突然地”；recently“最近”；wisely“明智地”；politely“有礼貌地”。
6．A.kicked in B．come in
C．lined up D．shown up
答案与解析：A　参见上题解析。故选A项。kick in“开始生效(或见效)”；come in“(赛跑比赛中)取得(某名次)，时兴，流行”；line up“排成一行，站队”；show up“出现”。
7．A.while B．since
C．because D．whether
答案与解析：A　根据下文的“across the street the university dining halls were tossing out still edible food”可知，街对面的大学食堂正在扔掉还能吃的食物，然而像John这样无家可归的人在伯克利挨饿，此处表示前后两种情况的对比。故选A项。
8．A.forgot B．remembered
C．realized D．announced
答案与解析：C　根据本句“After she did some research，she says, ‘I __8__ that this indicated a much larger problem.’”可知，经过调查之后，Ahmad才意识到这是一个大问题。故选C项。forget“忘记”；remember“记得”；realize“意识到”；announce“宣布”。
9．A.threw B．concentrated
C．sold D．distributed
答案与解析：D　根据上文的“Ahmad started a student group that recovered food from campus venues”可知，Ahmad开始从校园场所回收食物，并将食物分发给非营利组织。故选D项。concentrate“专注，专心”；distribute“分发”。
10．A.Stressful B．Sad
C．Horrible D．Rewarding
答案与解析：D　根据后文的“as this was, the inefficiencies bothered her”可知，此处是as引导的让步状语从句，前后关系是转折，后文说低效还是困扰着她，前文应该是好的一面。故选D。stressful“充满压力的，紧张的”；horrible“糟糕的，令人不快的”；rewarding“有益的，有意义的”。
11．A.record B．event
C．relief D．operation
答案与解析：B　根据前文的“One day, she got a call from the dining hall manager, who had 500 tasty sandwiches left over”可知，她接到餐厅经理电话，说有500个美味的三明治，由此推断是餐厅举办活动后意外剩下的。故选B项。record“记录”；event“活动，事件”；relief“宽慰”；operation“手术”。
12．A.disappeared B．spoiled
C．wet D．escaped
答案与解析：B　根据前文的“If Ahmad wanted them, she needed to pick them up as soon as possible”并结合常识可知，Ahmad若要这些三明治，就需要尽快将其取走，在它们变质(spoiled)之前。故选B项。disappear“消失”；spoil“变质，变坏”；wet“把(某物)弄湿”；escape“逃走”。
13．A.bought B．stole
C．rented D．dragged
答案与解析：C　根据前文讲到的500个三明治可推断，Ahmad应该是租(rented)了一辆小汽车去装载它们。故选C项。
14．A.cool B．strange
C．scary D．quick
答案与解析：A　Ahmad设想如果有食物的人可以说出来，需要食物的人也能表达出来，Ahmad他们就可以将这两类人联系在一起，这个想法太棒了。故选A项。cool“酷的，棒的”；strange“奇怪的，不寻常的”；scary“可怕的，骇人的”。
15．A.connect B．eliminate
C．delay D．solve
答案与解析：A　参见上题解析。connect“连接，把……联系起来”；eliminate“消除”；delay“推迟，延期”；solve“解决”。
Ⅲ.应用文写作
[2024·山东日照校际联考]假定你是李华，是“中华文化之旅”研学(Chinese Culture Study Tour)活动中心的志愿者。你校交换生Chris对该活动很感兴趣，来信询问相关情况。请你给他写一封回信，内容包括：
1．活动目的；
2．活动安排和内容。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
One possible version：
Dear Chris，
Learning that you are interested in the Chinese Culture Study Tour, I'm very glad to introduce some relevant information.
With the intention of heightening people's awareness of China's profound history and culture, a wide variety of regular activities are arranged. As scheduled, we will give you a tour of Chinese places of interest and museums. Additionally, you are also provided with a platform to experience traditional Chinese festivals. Last but not least, some exhibitions regarding Chinese calligraphy, paintings and handicrafts will be shown to you.
If interested, please fill in the attached application form and send it to me. Eagerly looking forward to your participation.
Yours，
Li Hua
答题策略
语法填空——非谓语动词
非谓语动词之间区分步骤实例(3)
例题 Each year just before Ash Wednesday, excited vacationers and locals flood the streets________ (watch) parades and celebrate.
步骤
① 找逻辑主语：vacationers and locals发生watch这一动作，vacationers and locals是逻辑主语
② 判断主被动关系：vacationers and locals与watch之间是逻辑上的主动关系
③ 判断时间关系：watch动作发生在谓语动作flood之后，用to watch
答案,to watch　逻辑主语vacationers and locals与watch之间存在逻辑上的主动关系，watch动作在谓语动词flood动作之后发生，故用其不定式形式to watch作状语，表示目的练习25　阅读理解＋七选五
授课提示：对应学生用书62页
　
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
2024·四省高考测试 应用文 273词 ★★☆☆☆
Family Friendly Events in January
ZooLights：Glow Wild Jan.1 19
The Phoenix Zoo's yearly holiday light show is on until Jan. 19, allowing families one or more opportunities to enjoy the city's zoo, with millions of lights giving an added dimension to the festivities.
Glow Wild, 455 N．Galvin Pkwy., Phoenix, phoenixzoo. org, $11.95 members, $13.95 general admission
Downtown Mesa Festival of the Arts Jan. 4 18
The Downtown Mesa Festival of the Arts features the work of established and emerging artists, including those who create woodwork, metal crafts, food items, art, photography and gifts.
On Macdonald, off of Main Street in Downtown Mesa, , free admission.
Family Fun Winterfest Jan. 4
OdySea Aquarium in the Desert is hosting the third annual Family Fun Winterfest in its Desert Courtyard, featuring real snow for the kids to play in. This free event features everything from bounce houses to rides, games, snowflake crafts and face painting to go with various stands set up by local sellers, with food and other offerings for sale at the event.
9500 E．Via de Ventura, Scottsdale, , free.
Youth Fine Arts Course Jan. 18 Mar. 7
Mesa Arts Center is hosting an eight week youth arts course on Saturdays to teach artistic skills and knowledge through fun and challenging art classes in a wide variety of art materials, including painting, drawing, mixed media and sculpture, ensuring mentally stimulating sessions for all.
Mesa Arts Center, 1E.Main St.，Mesa, .$93.
【语篇解读】　本文分别从时间、地点、内容和票价等方面对四个家庭友好型活动进行了介绍。
1．How can you get a discounted ticket to the ZooLights show
A．Bring a friend. B．Get membership.
C．Join a tour group. D．Book a ticket online.
答案与解析：B　理解具体信息。根据ZooLights: Glow Wild Jan. 1 19中的“$11.95 members, $13.95 general admission”可知，会员享受打折优惠，故B项正确。
2．What can you do at Family Fun Winterfest
A．Have free food. B．Enjoy real snow.
C．Take art classes. D．Meet local artists.
答案与解析：B　理解具体信息。根据Family Fun Winterfest Jan. 4部分中的“OdySea Aquarium in the Desert is hosting the third...featuring real snow for the kids to play in”可知，在Family Fun Winterfest，可以玩真雪。故B项正确。
3．Which event lasts the longest
A．ZooLights: Glow Wild.
B．Downtown Mesa Festival of the Arts.
C．Family Fun Winterfest.
D．Youth Fine Arts Course.
答案与解析：D　理解具体信息。通过对四个家庭活动给出的时间进行比较，Youth Fine Arts Course持续的时间最长，故D项正确。
B
2024·深圳市调研 说明文 277词 ★★★☆☆
From cottages surrounded by impressive gardens to days spent exploring sandy beaches and deep woods filled with wildlife, in My Family and Other Animals, English writer Gerald Durrell provided a vivid account of his family's time on the Greek island of Corfu in the 1930s.
Come for the arresting descriptions of Corfu landscapes and stay for Durrell's laugh out loud tales of his unusual family. This book, Durrell wrote humorously in the introduction, “was intended to be a nostalgic (怀旧的) account of natural history, but in the first few pages, I__made__the__mistake__of__introducing__my__family.”
Durrell, later known for his zoo keeping and the preservation of wildlife, was just a child during his family's five year stay in Corfu. He is the 10 year old Gerry in the book—curious, passionate about animals and a detailed storyteller of his strange family: his imaginative elder brother Larry with his literary ambitions, lovestruck sister Margo, sporty brother Leslie and his ever calm, loving mother.
Durrell's attention to detail is what makes the book so attractive, with every sight, sound and smell of the island brought to life. One minute you'll be laughing as Larry's clever literary friends walk down to the daffodil yellow cottage, and the next minute you'll be catching your breath as Durrell describes swimming at night in the Ionian Sea: “Lying on my back in the silky water, staring at the sky, only moving my hands and feet slightly, I was looking at the Milky Way stretching like a silk scarf across the sky and wondering how many stars it contained.”
My Family and Other Animals is quite difficult to classify, being one part travel, one part autobiography, one part natural history, and one part comedy, with a thread of descriptive language running throughout that sometimes raises it nearly to poetry.
As a real delight to read, it's the perfect literary escapism for any adult or older teenager who is currently walking down a tough road in life.
【语篇解读】　本文主要向读者推荐了英国作家Gerald Durrell的作品《我的家人和其他动物》，并介绍了其内容、写作风格等。
4．Which word best describes Durrell's life in Corfu
A.Risky. B．Busy.
C．Tough. D．Diverse.
答案与解析：D　推断。明题意：本题问“以下哪个词最好地描述了Durrell在科孚岛的生活？”→寻线索：根据第一段中的“From cottages surrounded...filled with wildlife”可知，书中记录了被花园包围的小屋、沙滩、充满野生生物的树林深处→定答案：据此可以推断，Durrell在科孚岛的生活丰富多彩，故D项正确。
5．What does the underlined sentence mean in Paragraph 2
A．I introduced my family by mistake.
B．I shouldn't have introduced my family.
C．I couldn't help introducing my family.
D．I gave wrong information about my family.
答案与解析：C　理解句意。结合画线句前面的“was intended to be a nostalgic (怀旧的) account of natural history”可知，Durrell的原计划是记录自然历史，实际情况却是写了家人；根据画线句前面的“Durrell wrote humorously”可知，画线句的意思并非其字面意思。因此，Durrell在前面几页描写家人应是故意而为之，故C项与画线句的意义最为接近。
干扰项分析：选项A中的“by mistake”、B中的“shouldn't have introduced”和D中的“wrong”都指向了描写家人是错误的举动，但这些内容均与原文中的“Durrell wrote humorously”的精神相悖，故可全部排除。
6．What are paragraphs 4 and 5 mainly about
A．The book's writing feature.
B．Durrell's rich imagination.
C．Some interesting plots of the book.
D．Some vivid descriptions of the island.
答案与解析：A　理解段落主旨要义。根据第四段中的“Durrell's attention to detail is what makes the book...One minute you'll be laughing...the next minute...Durrell describes swimming”和第五段中的“being one part travel, one part autobiography, one part natural history, and one part comedy, with a thread of descriptive language”可知，第四、五段主要讲的是这本书的写作特点，故A项正确。
7．What is the purpose of this text
A．To share an experience.
B．To recommend a book.
C．To introduce a writing style.
D．To describe an unusual place.
答案与解析：B　理解目的。根据本文内容，尤其是最后一段“As a real delight to read...tough road in life”可知，本文的写作目的在于向读者推荐《我的家人和其他动物》这本书，故B项正确。
Ⅱ.七选五
2024·昆明市质检 说明文 234词 ★★★☆☆
The shoes you wear can reflect your style, mood, personality, attitude, and much more. Do you want to leave a strong impression __1__ They add depth to your personality. So, it is recommended to never laze about the shoe matter.
Sneakers
Sneakers are the most frequently worn shoes these days. They represent a happy, sporty, and comfortable attitude. __2__ From your friend's birthday party to your workouts, you can wear sneakers everywhere. If you want to look professional, it is better to avoid these.
Sandals
Leather sandals express a comfortable, chilled, and relaxed attitude. They are perfect for beach vacations. They are also street friendly. You can also wear them for daily activities. They are considered the most suitable for your feet during summer.
Boots
Boots are one of the best additions to your shoe collection. They work well in personal and professional settings. They convey a strong, professional and confident attitude. __3__
Heels
Heels have been a status symbol since ancient times. __4__ Kings and queens wore heels to show their high status. Even today, heels represent confidence, bravery, and even a high status. Women who wear heels are more charming as well.
__5__ You should always keep a good check on your shoes and wear the most suitable pair. You need to dress up according to the situation, surroundings, and people. Only when you can do that can you create the desired impression with your shoes.
A．You'll feel confident in your skin.
B．Shoes can say more than you know.
C．A wide shoe collection can help you.
D．They are best paired with casual wear.
E．They convey a casual and light hearted attitude.
F.You can wear a pair to the office and even parties.
G．They convey a strong, attractive, and powerful attitude.
【语篇解读】　文章主要介绍了四种类型的鞋子所代表的不同态度和风格，提醒人们要根据不同的场合穿不同的鞋子，这样才能给人留下期望的印象。
1．答案与解析：C　分析语境寻线索：根据空前的“The shoes you wear can reflect your style, mood, personality, attitude, and much more. Do you want to leave a strong impression？”可知，空处应回答上文提出的想不想给人留下深刻印象的问题→对比选项定答案：C项“广泛的鞋子收藏能帮到你”符合语境，承接上文，故C项正确。
2．答案与解析：D　根据空后的“From your friend's birthday party...look professional, it is better to avoid these”可知，不管是你朋友的生日聚会还是锻炼，你都可以穿运动鞋。结合常识可知，一般去参加朋友聚会和锻炼时，穿着比较休闲。因此D项“它们与休闲服相配”与下文衔接连贯。D项中的They指代上文Sneakers。
3．答案与解析：F　根据空前的“They work well in personal and professional settings”可知，上文提到了靴子适用于私人和专业场合，故F项“你可以穿一双去办公室甚至去聚会”承接上文，符合语境。
4．答案与解析：G　分析语境寻线索：根据空前的“Heels have been a status symbol since ancient times”和空后的“Kings and queens wore heels to show their high status. Even today, heels represent confidence, bravery, and even a high status”可知，上文提到高跟鞋从古代起便是身份的象征，空后则说国王和王后穿高跟鞋来显示自己很高的地位。再根据上文介绍的不同的鞋子代表的态度可知，空处的内容也应与高跟鞋代表的态度有关→对比选项定答案：G项“它们代表强大的、吸引人的和有影响力的态度”符合语境，故选G项。
5．答案与解析：B　分析文章结构可知，本段应为文章的总结段落。根据空后内容可知，你应该好好检查你的鞋子并穿最合适的鞋，根据情况、环境和所见的人盛装打扮，只有做到这样，你才能通过鞋子给别人留下期望的印象。故此段主要说明鞋子的重要性。故B项“鞋子能说明的比你知道的多”突出了鞋子的重要性，符合语境。
黄金考点
语法填空——连词
考点35 并列连词的应用
考例 Actually, I started to learn kung fu when I was seven years old, ________ I have long been out of practice.
点拨 前后分句之间语义上表示转折关系，而非因果关系。故应填but或yet。
考点36 状语从句从属连词的运用
考例 The games my parents taught me ________ I was a child turned out to be very useful later in my life.
点拨 表示“当我还是个孩子的时候”，用when引导时间状语从句， 故应填when。
考点37 宾语从句连词的运用
考例 My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to ________ I live.
点拨 介词to后边是个宾语从句，引导词在从句中作地点状语，用where“……的地方”引导宾语从句，故应填where。close to where I live是形容词短语作后置定语，修饰a restaurant。练习5　单句语法填空＋七选五＋完形填空
授课提示：对应学生用书11页
　
Ⅰ.单句语法填空 (谓语动词Ⅰ)
1．[2024·湖南长沙雅礼中学期中]If you simply agree in arguments and discussions, you ________ (stand) out from the crowd.
答案与解析：won't stand　句意为：如果你只是在争论和讨论中表示赞同，你就不会脱颖而出。条件状语从句中如果使用一般现在时，主句中应该使用一般将来时。根据语境可知，此处表示否定含义。故填won't stand。
2．[2024·江苏海门一诊]Usually the proverb “great minds think alike, but fools seldom differ” ________ (short) to “great minds think alike”．
答案与解析：is shortened　句意为：谚语“英雄所见略同，但愚者甚少存异”通常被简化为“英雄所见略同”。分析句子成分可知，设空处作谓语，表示前者被简化为后者，且句子描述客观事实，因此用一般现在时的被动语态。主语the proverb是单数，故填is shortened。
3．[2024·广东茂名五校联盟联考]“The more the Chinese know Russians and the more Russians know the Chinese, the stronger our relations will be，” ________ (say) former Russian president Dmitry Medvedev in 2010.
答案与解析：said　句意为：“中国人民对俄罗斯人民了解得越多，且俄罗斯人民对中国人民了解得越多，我们的关系就会越牢固。”俄罗斯前总统德米特里·梅德韦杰夫在2010年说。根据时间状语in 2010可知，此处应用一般过去时。故填said。
4．[2024·四川乐山高中调研]It ________ (report) that 2019 saw more than 60，000 people visit the place.
答案与解析：is/was reported　句意为：据报道，在2019年，有超过60 000人参观过该地。固定句型It is/was reported that...表示“据报道……”；由空后的saw可知，句子可使用一般过去时；也可使用一般现在时，表示对客观情况的描述。故填is/was reported。
5．Furthermore, the amount of sleep ________ (change) greatly over the past 15 years.
答案与解析：has changed　句意为：此外，睡眠时间近15年来已经发生了很大的变化。由时间状语over the past 15 years可知，“变化”已经发生，且表示对现在造成的影响。故用现在完成时。
6．It ________ (grow) into a lifestyle choice of Chinese people using mobile payments throughout their daily activities so far.
答案与解析：has grown　迄今为止，在日常活动中使用手机支付已经成为中国人的一种生活方式的选择。由时间状语so far可知，“成为中国人的一种生活方式的选择”是一个已经发生并且对现在造成影响的行为，故用现在完成时。
7．There ________ (be) several steps before I got that special plastic card.
答案与解析：were　在我得到那个特殊的塑料卡之前有几个步骤。本句为there be句型，be动词后的名词为several steps，所以be动词应用复数形式，结合before引导的从句用一般过去时可知，此处的be动词用were。
8．Previously, equipment for space experiments ________ (be) sent via the cargo spacecraft Tianzhou 1.
答案与解析：was　以前，空间实验设备是通过货运飞船天舟一号运送的。句子的主语equipment是不可数名词，谓语动词应用单数形式，结合时间状语previously可知，句中叙述的是过去发生的动作，故填was。
9．Tom could have finished all the work on his own, but he ________ (refer) to the teacher for help.
答案与解析：referred　Tom本可以独自完成所有的工作的，但他向老师寻求了帮助。could have done表示“过去本可以做却没做”，因此空处是发生过去的动作，需用一般过去时。
10．Unless some extra money ________ (find), the theatre will close.
答案与解析：is found　在if，unless引导的条件状语从句中，条件状语从句遵循“主将从现”的原则，即如果主句是一般将来时，从句需用一般现在时替代一般将来时；又因money与find之间是动宾关系，故空处需用一般现在时的被动语态。
Ⅱ.七选五
2024·新课标Ⅰ卷 说明文 292词 ★★☆☆☆
Not all great writers are great spellers. If you want to be published, it's vital to submit a perfect, professionally presented manuscript (原稿). __1__ No editor is likely to tolerate a writer who does not take the trouble to spell words correctly.
I keep two reference books close by on my desk: dictionary and thesaurus (同义词词典). I don't trust my laptop's spellchecker. __2__ Of course, these days there are plenty of online dictionaries and thesauruses, but I'm old fashioned enough to prefer a hard cover and pages I can leaf through with my fingers. I use the Concise Oxford Dictionary and the Collins Thesaurus.
__3__ It should give you a precise definition of each word, thus differentiating it from other words whose meanings are similar, but not identical. It will also usually show how the word is pronounced.
In addition, I have an old two volume copy of the Shorter Oxford Dictionary, picked up a few years ago in a bookshop sale for just 99 pence. Of course, with its 2，672 pages, it's not exactly short. It contains around 163，000 words, plus word combinations and idiomatic phrases. __4__ However, if I need to check the origin of a word or to look up examples of its usage, there's nothing better.
For well over a hundred years the most influential English dictionary was Samuel Johnson's Dictionary of the English Language published in 1755. “To make dictionaries is dull (乏味) work，” wrote Johnson, illustrating one definition of “dull”. __5__ A few minutes spent casting your eye over a page or two can be a rewarding experience.
A．I don't often use this dictionary.
B．It takes no account of the context.
C．But I still don't want to replace them.
D．But a dictionary can be a pleasure to read.
E.Of course, a dictionary is not only for spelling.
F.That means good grammar and no spelling mistakes.
G.Dictionaries don't always give you enough information.
语篇类型：说明文　主题语境：人与自我——生活与学习——词典的使用
【语篇解读】　本文主要介绍了作者对于写作中拼写和词典使用的看法及自身的相关习惯等。
1．答案与解析：F　根据上文中的“If you want to be published, it's vital to submit a perfect, professionally presented manuscript (原稿)(如果你想发表作品，提交一份完美的、专业呈现的手稿是至关重要的)”可知，此处会讲到完美的、专业呈现的手稿是什么样子的，选项F“那意味着语法不错并且没有拼写错误”符合语境。所以选F。
2．答案与解析：B　根据上文中的“I don't trust my laptop's spellchecker(我不信任我笔记本电脑的拼写检查程序)”可知，此处会讲到不信任的原因，选项B“它不考虑上下文”符合语境。所以选B。
3．答案与解析：E　段落主旨句。根据下文中的“It should give you a precise definition of each word...how the word is pronounced(它应该为你提供每个单词的精确定义，从而区分它与其他含义相似但不完全相同的单词。它通常还会显示单词是如何发音的)”可知，该段主要讲述了词典不仅仅提供单词的拼写，还有其他功能。所以选E。
4．答案与解析：A　根据下文中的“However, if I need to check the origin of a word or to look up examples of its usage, there's nothing better(但是，如果我需要核实某个单词的起源或查找其用法示例，就没有比这更好的了)”可知，此处应该讲述作者不怎么使用这本词典。所以选A。
5．答案与解析：D　根据下文中的“A few minutes spent casting your eye over a page or two can be a rewarding experience(花几分钟粗略浏览一两页内容可以是一种令人满意的体验)”可知，选项D“但是，词典也可以是一种令人愉悦的读物”可以与之构成逻辑上的顺承关系。所以选D。
Ⅲ.完形填空
2024·新课标Ⅰ卷 记叙文 232词 ★★☆☆☆
I've been motivated—and demotivated—by other folks' achievements all my life.
When I was a teenager, a neighborhood friend __1__ a marathon race. Feeling motivated, I started running __2__， but then two things happened. First, a girl I met one day told me she was __3__ for a “super，” referring to a 52.4 mile double marathon. Then, the next day I went on my longest run—15 miles. To be honest, I __4__ it! Between the girl making my __5__ seem small and the pure boredom of jogging, I decided that the only __6__ I'd ever run again is if a big dog was running after me!
So I__7__ cycling. I got a good bike and rode a lot. I __8__ of entering cycle races until I flew to San Diego to visit my sister. While she was at work one day, I __9__ her bike and went for a ride. The __10__： The roads there went through large valleys where I'd be riding uphill for miles at a time. I'd never faced such __11__. That day, I got __12__ by about 100 “local” bikers who were used to such roads. When I got back home, suddenly riding my bike didn't seem quite as __13__.
I've__14__ a lot since then. I've come to accept that whatever __15__ I set for myself, they just have to be my own.
语篇类型：记叙文　主题语境：人与自我——做人与做事——正确的生活态度
【语篇解读】　本文讲述了生活中，他人的成就对作者的激励作用以及消极作用。作者曾经受朋友赢得马拉松比赛的激励而开始跑步，但后来因遇到更厉害的跑步者和感受到跑步的无聊而放弃。后来作者转而骑自行车，但因爬坡的困难和被人超过的打击而放弃。最终，作者意识到目标应针对自身而设。
1．A.knew B．held
C．won D．quit
答案与解析：C　上文中的“I've been motivated—and demotivated—by other folks' achievements all my life”提到作者会因为别人的成就而受到激励。结合下文的“Feeling motivated, I started running”可知，此处是指一个社区的朋友赢得了马拉松比赛，作者因此受到了激励。故用won。quit“退出”。
2．A.regularly B．silently
C．proudly D．recently
答案与解析：A　结合语境和常识可知，作者受到了激励，因此应是开始定期跑步，故用regularly。silently“悄悄地，静静地”；proudly“得意地，自豪地”。
3．A.asking B．looking
C．waiting D．training
答案与解析：D　由下文的“referring to a 52.4 mile double marathon”可知，作者遇到的那个女孩要参加一场52.4英里的马拉松比赛，因此她那时正在为之训练，故用training。
4．A.made B．believed
C．hated D．deserved
答案与解析：C　受到那个女孩的影响，作者第二天就开始跑自己从未跑过的最长距离——15英里。根据下文的“the pure boredom of jogging”可知，作者认为慢跑无比无聊，因此其实作者本身没有跑步的意愿，所以此处是说，老实讲，作者是讨厌跑15英里的，故用hated。deserve“值得，应得”。
5．A.advantage B．achievement
C．contribution D．influence
答案与解析：B　作者遇到的女孩为52.4英里的马拉松比赛训练，而作者在跑15英里的距离，因此对比之下在那个女孩面前作者跑步的成就显得非常渺小，故用achievement。advantage“有利条件，有利因素，优势”；achievement“成就，成绩”；contribution“贡献”；influence“影响”。
6．A.way B．risk
C．place D．reason
答案与解析：D　由上文可知，跑步对作者而言是令人讨厌的、无聊的，因此作者放弃了跑步，决定以后能让自己再次跑步的唯一原因是后面有大狗在追赶，故用reason。risk“危险，风险”。
7．A.gave up B．went on
C．turned to D．dealt with
答案与解析：C　由下文的“I got a good bike and rode a lot”可知，作者买了一辆好的自行车，并骑了很多次，因此作者放弃跑步后把自己的目标转向了骑自行车，故用turned to。give up“放弃”；go on“继续”；deal with“处理”。
8．A.heard B．dreamed
C．complained D．approved
答案与解析：B　结合上文中描述的作者的经历和下文作者放弃了骑行可知，此处表示在骑行方面，作者一开始梦想着参加骑行比赛，直到飞往圣迭戈拜访姐姐。故用dreamed。complain“抱怨”；approve“同意”。
9．A.painted B．borrowed
C．bought D．parked
答案与解析：B　根据空前的“I flew to San Diego to visit my sister. While she was at work one day”和空后的“went for a ride”可知，作者去圣迭戈找姐姐，一天姐姐在上班，作者去骑行了，因此此处是说作者向姐姐借了自行车，故用borrowed。
10．A.problem B．secret
C．principle D．advice
答案与解析：A　由空后的“The roads there went through large valleys where I'd be riding uphill for miles at a time”可知，那里的道路穿过宽阔的山谷，在那里作者要一次骑好几英里的上坡路；再结合下文的“about 100 ‘local’ bikers who were used to such roads”可知，与当地那些习惯了这种路的人相比，作者不习惯这种路，这种路对作者而言是一个问题。故用problem。principle“原则，原理”。
11．A.dangers B．events
C．opponents D．challenges
答案与解析：D　作者要一次骑好几英里的上坡路，结合常识和下文作者放弃骑自行车可知，此处是在描述作者的困难，所以此处是说作者从来没有遇到过这种挑战，故用challenges。danger“危险，风险”；event“活动，比赛项目”；opponent“对手，竞争者”。
12．A.passed B．convinced
C．admired D．stopped
答案与解析：A　由上文内容和下文的“by about 100 ‘local’ bikers who were used to such roads”可知，作者被熟悉这种路的当地骑行者超过，故用passed。convince“使确信，使相信，使信服”；admire“钦佩，赞赏”。
13．A.reliable B．convenient
C．familiar D．appealing
答案与解析：D　结合上文可知，作者在骑行途中遇到了挑战，又被大约百人超过，作者受挫了，因此骑行对作者来说就没有那么有吸引力了，故用appealing。reliable“可信赖的，可依靠的”；convenient“实用的，便利的”；familiar“熟悉的，常见到的，常听说的”。
14．A.traveled B．matured
C．missed D．worried
答案与解析：B　结合文章最后一句“I've come to accept...be my own”可知，经过跑步和骑行这两件事情，作者已经逐渐相信目标应是为自己而设的，因此作者成长了、成熟了，故用matured。
15．A.limits B．dates
C．goals D．tests
答案与解析：C　综合全文可知，在跑步和骑行这两件事情上，作者均受到了他人成就的影响，但结果都失败了，故此处是说自那之后作者逐渐相信不管为自己设定什么目标，这些目标都要是为自己而设的。故用goals。limit“限制”。
黄金考点
语法填空——并列连词
考点10 表示并列
考例 In much of Asia, especially the so called “rice bowl” cultures of China, Japan, Korea, ________________________________________________________________________ Vietnam, food is usually eaten with chopsticks.
点拨 China, Japan, Korea与Vietnam之间是并列关系，并列连词用and。
考点11 表示转折
考例 Germs, which can't be found with your naked eyes, are everywhere. They are very tiny ________________________________________________________________________ you can still see them with a microscope.
点拨 与前一分句语义上存在转折，故应用并列连词but连接并列句。练习27　语法填空＋阅读理解
授课提示：对应学生用书67页
　
Ⅰ.语法填空
2024·福州市高三质检 说明文 215词 ★★★☆☆
Oracle bones (甲骨) were believed to be first unearthed in Anyang, once called Yin, the capital of the Shang Dynasty. Villagers then had little idea of what they had found and sold the bones to drugstores as 1.________ (tradition) Chinese medicines. The“medicines” gained the notice of historians. The discovery 2.________ (follow) by a series of archaeological excavations (挖掘).
Over the past 120 plus years, major systematic excavations have been carried 3.________. A relic site museum has been built at the Yinxu, 4.________ (recognize) as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Discovering the oracle bones and inscriptions helped explore the culture of the Xia and Shang Dynasties, 5.________ trace the origins of the Chinese civilization. The content of the inscriptions emphasizes the respect for ancestors and other core Chinese values 6.________ have been passed on until today. It 7.________ (appeal) to not only scholars but also those outside the circles of archaeology. Chen Nan, a professor at Tsinghua University's Academy of Arts and Design, has energized the life of these ancient symbols by 8.________ (feature) them in the biaoqingbao (emoticons) he developed.
“They represent vital 9.________ (clue) to our cultural lineage (世系)，” Chen said. “I feel 10.________ our responsibility to communicate about the charm of the primitive inscriptions with the younger generations and foreigners.”
【语篇解读】　本文主要讲述了甲骨文的发掘、人们对它的认知及其承载的重大文化意义。
1．答案与解析：traditional　形容词。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰后面的名词“Chinese medicines”，应用形容词，所以空处填traditional。
2．答案与解析：was followed　动词的时态、语态主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，follow在本句中作谓语。结合本段的语境可知，时态用一般过去时；主语The discovery与谓语follow之间是被动关系；主语The discovery为第三人称单数。所以空处填was followed。
3．答案与解析：out　介词。此处考查固定表达carry out，意为“实行；开展；实施”。
4．答案与解析：recognized　非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，本句的谓语动词是has been built，空处在句中作非谓语，与逻辑主语the Yinxu之间是动宾关系，所以空处填recognized。
5．答案与解析：and　连词。分析句子结构可知，空处连接空前空后的动词explore和trace，二者同作helped的宾语，所以空处填and。句意：发现甲骨文和铭文有助于探索夏商文化，追踪中华文明起源。
6．答案与解析：that/which　定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰表示物的先行词other core Chinese values，关系词在从句中作主语，所以空处填that/which。
7．答案与解析：appeals/has appealed　动词的时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，空处在句中作谓语。根据语境可知，此处说明了一种客观事实，时态用一般现在时；结合上一句的时态，本句也可以用现在完成时；主语It (The content of the inscriptions)与appeal之间是主动关系，且It是第三人称单数。所以空处填appeals/has appealed。appeal to sb.“吸引某人”。
8．答案与解析：featuring　非谓语动词。空处位于介词by后，故应用动名词形式作宾语，所以空处填featuring。
9．答案与解析：clues　名词复数。clue “线索”，是可数名词。根据主语they和句意可知，线索不止一条，且其前无限定词，故此处应用名词复数，所以空处填clues。
10．答案与解析：it　代词。分析句子结构可知，空处作形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的不定式短语“to communicate...foreigners”，所以空处填it。
Ⅱ.阅读理解
A
2024·昆明市高三质检 议论文 346词 ★★★☆☆
The 2023 Azbees Open Entries
About the Azbee Awards
ASBPE's 45th annual Azbee Awards of Excellence competition is now open for submissions from Jan. 1，2023 through Mar. 31, 2023 at 3 pm.
These highly competitive editorial and design awards celebrate the highest quality reporting, editing and design in business to business, trade, association and professional publications across all platforms, including magazines, newspapers, e newsletters, websites and social media.
The top entries nationwide receive national awards across 63 categories, from our All Content, Design, Online, Print and Overall Excellence divisions. Entries also compete against others in their own regions for regional awards.
Entry Fees
All Content, Print， Design, and Online categories ASBPE members Non members
Submitted on or before Jan. 15， 2023 $140 $160
Submitted between Jan. 16，2023 and Feb. 10, 2023 $170 $190
Submitted between Feb. 11，2023 and Mar. 31, 2023 at 3 pm $180 $200
Entry Requirements
Follow all rules carefully to prevent disqualification. To enter the Azbee Awards of Excellence, you'll need the following information. If you plan to submit multiple entries, we highly recommend preparing these items in advance for all submissions to save time during the entry process.
Your contact information.
Division and category for the entry.
Region for the entry.
Essay: No more than 250 words that discuss the work that went into the entry and its significance to readers.
For online entries: Direct URLs to access the entry, and username and password, if your website requires sign in to view content. PDF entry files for print entries.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇应用文。ASBPE第45届年度阿兹比卓越奖竞赛现已于2023年1月1日至2023年3月31日下午3点开放报名。文章主要介绍了比赛的相关要求。
1．When was the first Azbee Awards of Excellence held
A．In 1979. B．In 1988.
C．In 2012. D．In 2023.
答案与解析：A　简单计算。根据About the Azbee Awards部分中的“ASBPE's 45th annual Azbee Awards of Excellence competition is now open for submissions from Jan.1, 2023 through Mar.31, 2023 at 3 pm”可知，Azbee优秀奖每年举行一次，2023年为第45届，故推算出第一届是1979年举行的，故A项正确。
2．How much should you pay at least to submit an entry as a non member
A．$140. B．$160.
C．$170. D．$190.
答案与解析：B　理解具体信息。根据Entry Fees表格中的Non members一栏中的信息可知，非会员参赛提交本人作品至少应该支付160美元，故B项正确。
3．Which of the following will result in disqualification
A.Submitting contact information.
B．Sending entries before the deadline.
C．An essay of three hundred words.
D．An online entry with a username.
答案与解析：C　理解具体信息。根据Entry Requirements中的“Essay: No more than 250 words that discuss the work that went into the entry and its significance to readers”可知，参赛作品被要求不超过250词，因此一篇三百词的文章会导致取消资格，故C项正确。
B
2024·深圳市高三调研 议论文 365词 ★★★☆☆
When put to tests, bees have long proved that they've got a lot more to offer than pollinating (授粉), making honey and being loyal to a queen. The hard working insects can change their behavior when things seem difficult, and now some scientists find there is proof that they also like to play.
Scientists from Queen Mary University of London performed an experiment, in which they set up a container that allowed bees to travel from their nest to a feeding area. But along the way, the bees could choose to pass through a separate section with some small wooden balls. Over 18 days, the scientists watched as the bees “went out of their way to roll wooden balls repeatedly, despite no apparent incentive (刺激) to do so”．
Earlier studies have shown that the black and yellow bugs are willing to learn new tricks in exchange for food or other rewards. In this case, to get rid of external factors, scientists made sure the bees had adapted to their new home and that their environment was stress free.
The finding suggests that like humans, insects also interact with objects as a form of play. Also similar to people, younger bees seem to be more playful than adult bees. “This research provides a strong indication that insect minds are far more complicated than we imagine. There are lots of animals who play just for the purpose of enjoyment, but most examples come from young mammals (哺乳动物) and birds，” said Lars Chittka, a professor of sensory and behavioral ecology at Queen Mary University of London, who led the study.
The study's first author, Samadi Galpay, who is a PhD student at Queen Mary University of London, states that it is more evident that bees may be capable of experiencing feelings. “They may actually experience some kinds of positive emotional states, even if they're basic, like other larger animals do. This finding has effects on our understanding of the sense and welfare of insects, which, consequently, encourages us to respect and protect wildlife on Earth ever more，”she says.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了伦敦玛丽女王大学的科学家们发现了蜜蜂也喜欢玩耍的证据。
4．What is the new finding about bees
A．They are fond of having fun.
B．They are faithful to the queen.
C．They are adaptable to changes.
D．They are skilled at rolling balls.
答案与解析：A　理解具体信息。根据第一段中的“now some scientists find there is proof that they also like to play”可知，新的研究发现蜜蜂喜欢玩耍，故A项正确。
5．How did scientists remove external influences in the experiment
A．By teaching bees new tricks.
B．By rewarding bees with food.
C．By making bees feel at home.
D．By building new homes for bees.
答案与解析：C　理解具体信息。根据第三段中的“to get rid of external factors...environment was stress free”可知，为了移除外部因素的影响，科学家们保证蜜蜂已适应它们的新家，并让环境毫无压迫感，故C项“通过让蜜蜂感觉无拘无束”正确。
6．What are Lars Chittka's words mainly about
A．The forms of bees' interaction.
B．The complexity of bees' minds.
C．The examples of mammals' play.
D．The purpose of mammals' enjoyment.
答案与解析：B　理解具体信息。根据第四段中Lars Chittka所说的话尤其是“This research...insect minds are far more complicated than we imagine”可知，Lars Chittka所说的话主要讲的是蜜蜂的大脑很复杂，后面提到哺乳动物和鸟类，还是为了说明蜜蜂的大脑远比我们想象得要复杂，故B项正确。
7．What does Samadi Galpay say about the study result
A．It backs up prior understanding of insects.
B．It reveals reasons for bees' positive feelings.
C．It drives research on animals' emotional states.
D.It contributes to wildlife conservation on Earth.
答案与解析：D　推断。根据最后一段中Samadi Galpay所说的话中的“This finding has effects on...encourages us to respect and protect wildlife on Earth ever more”可知，Samadi Galpay认为研究结果可以鼓励我们尊重和保护地球野生生物，故D项正确。练习34　语法填空＋阅读理解
授课提示：对应学生用书84页
　
Ⅰ.语法填空
2024·石家庄检测 新闻报道 200词 ★★★☆☆
Benjamin Lou is a computer scientist and an advocate who was born with a rare genetic disorder 1.________ (call) spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), which affects the muscles used for moving the body. At the age of one, he became 2.________ (complete) paralyzed (瘫痪的) from the chest down, making it difficult for him to breathe, feed himself, or move around without assistance. Despite these 3.________ (challenge), Benjamin beat the odds (困难) and entered Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 4.________ he earned a degree in computer science and artificial intelligence.
By now, Benjamin 5.________ (become) an inspirational figure for individuals with disabilities, using his experiences to raise 6.________ (aware) about the importance of accessibility to technology and advocating policies that make digital tools more usable for people with disabilities. He has also worked on 7.________ (develop) assistive technologies, such as a voice controlled computer interface that can be used by people with limited mobility.
In addition 8.________ his work in technology, Benjamin is a passionate advocate for disability rights, using his platform to challenge stereotypes (刻板印象) and promote understanding of living with a disability. Through his writing and speaking engagements, he hopes to encourage others 9.________ (accept) their differences and work towards creating 10.________ more inclusive society for all.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了患有脊髓性肌萎缩的计算机科学家楼印根的病情、学术之路，以及他在为残疾人发声上所做的努力等。
1．答案与解析：called　分析句子结构可知，空处在句中作非谓语，构成非谓语动词短语作genetic disorder的后置定语。call与其逻辑主语genetic disorder之间是动宾关系，所以空处填called。句意：楼印根是一位计算机科学家和倡导者，他生来就患有一种叫作脊髓性肌萎缩(SMA)的罕见遗传性疾病，它会影响用于移动身体的肌肉。
2．答案与解析：completely　分析句子结构可知，空处修饰空后的形容词paralyzed，应用副词，所以空处填completely。
3．答案与解析：challenges　根据空前的these可知，challenge在此作名词，且应用复数形式，所以空处填challenges。
4．答案与解析：where　分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词是表示地点的名词Massachusetts Institute of Technology，从句中缺少地点状语，所以空处填关系副词where。
5．答案与解析：has become　分析句子结构可知，空处在句中作谓语。根据时间状语By now可知，时态用现在完成时；主语Benjamin和become之间是主动关系；主语Benjamin是第三人称单数，所以空处填has become。
6．答案与解析：awareness　此处考查固定表达raise awareness about，意为“提高对……的意识”，所以空处填awareness。句意：到目前为止，楼印根已经成为一个能够鼓舞残疾人人心的人物，他利用自己的经历提高人们对获得技术的重要性的认识，并倡导使数字工具对残疾人更有用的政策。
7．答案与解析：developing　分析句子结构可知，空处作介词on的宾语，所以空处填developing。
8．答案与解析：to　此处考查固定表达in addition to，意为“除……之外”。句意：除了他在技术方面的工作，楼印根还是残疾人权利的热情倡导者。他利用自己的平台挑战刻板印象，促进人们对残疾人生活的理解。
9．答案与解析：to accept　此处考查固定表达encourage sb. to do sth.，意为“鼓励某人做某事”。
10．答案与解析：a　空处修饰名词society, 且名词前有形容词修饰。根据句意可知，此处表泛指，more的发音以辅音音素开头，所以空处填不定冠词a。句意：通过他的写作和演讲活动，他希望鼓励其他人接受他们的差异，并努力为所有人创造一个更具包容性的社会。
Ⅱ.阅读理解
A
2024·沈阳市质检 应用文 293词 ★★★☆☆
I'm in the area of Noailles in Marseille, one of France's largest cities and its main trade seaport. Some small shops sell vegetables, meat, and, it seems, all the spices of the Middle East. In addition to French, languages spoken on the busy streets include Arabic and African French. It all adds up to one of the most ethnically diverse cities in Europe.
Close to the downtown street, I discover an Algerian restaurant, whose owner makes his signature dish—couscous with barley, not the usual wheat, using a recipe that hasn't changed since the 1920s. Couscous is an necessary part of Marseille culture. The dish was added to the UNESCO's Lists of Intangible Cultural Heritage in 2020.
To be honest, before I travelled here, couscous had not been the first meal that came to mind when I thought of Marseille. It was bouillabaisse, the rich soup with olive oil, garlic and saffron. I imagined enjoying it at a small portside cafe. This was clearly a romantic fantasy. For one thing, there are no small cafes at the historic city. For another, the restaurants do serve bouillabaisse, but when I see the price at one place I am shocked: 69 euros! No bowl of soup should cost that much.
I give up and end up two streets away from the old harbor in a new restaurant, Ourea. For 28 euros, Chef Mathieu Roche serves a three course lunch that includes tuna steaks and couscous.
More and more young, talented people are discovering that Marseille is an ideal place to live. There is also a growing number of Parisians moving here every year. Tired of the rush and expense of life in larger cities, the newcomers come looking for the more relaxed Mediterranean way of life. Walking through these contrasting neighborhoods of Marseille, I think about the distinct communities here living in the same neighborhoods—together, side by side, but not mixed. They may also feel they belong to Marseille first regardless of nationalities.
【语篇解读】　本文主要介绍了法国城市马赛，并讲述了作者在那里旅行的经历。
1．Which word can best describe Marseille according to the first paragraph
A．Remote. B．Commercial.
C．Industrial. D．Inland.
答案与解析：B　理解具体信息。明题意：本题问“根据第一段，哪个词最能描述马赛？”→寻线索：根据第一段中的“I'm in the area...spices of the Middle East”可知，马赛是法国最大的城市之一，也是其主要贸易地区，这里的一些商店出售蔬菜、肉类，似乎还有各种中东香料→定答案：由此可知，马赛是商业化城市。
2．What made the author leave the Algerian restaurant
A．The unreasonable charge.
B．The unbearable flavor.
C．The unsatisfying service.
D．The noisy atmosphere.
答案与解析：A　理解具体信息。根据第三段中的“For another, the...should cost that much”可知，这里的餐厅确实供应浓味鱼汤，但竟然卖到69欧元；一碗汤不应该那么贵。据此可知，作者离开那家阿尔及利亚饭馆是因为店里的鱼汤太贵了，即收费不合理。
3．Why do the newcomers choose Marseille rather than other big cities
A．To make a fortune.
B．To experience a dish.
C．To learn a language.
D．To live a leisurely life.
答案与解析：D　理解具体信息。明题意：本题问“新来者为何选择马赛而不是其他大城市？”→寻线索：根据第五段中的“Tired of the rush...way of life”可知，厌倦了大城市生活的匆忙和高昂的生活成本，新来者来到马赛寻找更轻松的地中海生活方式→定答案：由此可知，新来者选择马赛是为了过一种轻松悠闲的生活。
4．In which column of a magazine can we probably read the text
A．Fashion. B．Food.
C．Trade. D．Travel.
答案与解析：D　理解文章出处。通读全文可知，文章重点介绍了法国城市马赛及作者在那里旅行的经历。根据第五段中的“More and more young...moving here every year”可知，越来越多有才华的年轻人发现马赛是一个理想的居住地，每年也有越来越多的巴黎人搬到这里，故本文也介绍了马赛的吸引人之处。综上可知，这篇文章可能出自杂志的旅游专栏。
B
2024·武汉市调研 说明文 346词 ★★★☆☆
Have you ever seen one of the many videos of an elephant grabbing a paintbrush, putting it in paint, and producing a painting similar to something a 5 year old could create While watching an elephant paint is an amazing sight, we can't help but wonder whether the training methods and results reflect animal cruelty.
A 2014 study on four captive (被圈养的) Asian elephants at the Melbourne Zoo in Australia sought to identify stress related behaviors around the activity of painting. While the researchers found that the elephants had a neutral response to painting—not stressful, nor enriching—it seemed that when an elephant was not selected to paint, it displayed non interactive behavior. This is seen as a possible signal of stress in the animals.
In addition, PETA, a famous animal rights group, has cited several American zoos that use harmful training methods to get elephants to paint, perform tricks, play instruments, and more. Not every zoo that organizes elephant painting uses aggression (攻击) to encourage the elephants. However, PETA argues that animal shelters should not force animals to do tricks at all.
Activist organizations warn that elephants can undergo extreme discomfort in the training process. Furthermore, many of the painting elephants are very young, at an age where they should still be with their mothers. It raises questions about whether there's a chance that they were caught for the express purpose of performing, or if they could somehow be restored to a return to the wild.
It is difficult to support any kind of trained behavior that differs greatly from a wild animal's natural tendencies. The role of a shelter, ideally, is to allow an animal to live as close to its normal life as possible, perhaps with an eye to returning the animal to the wild; teaching them to paint does not seem to align__with that target, particularly if it's not a learned behavior that the animal would be willing to do independently.
【语篇解读】　文章从大象画画入手，谈论了训练动物的方法和结果，实际上从另一方面反映了对动物的虐待。
5．What can be safely concluded from the 2014 study
A.Researchers didn't collect solid evidence.
B．Painting promoted elephants' interaction.
C．Negative effects of painting were confirmed.
D．Elephants made strong responses to painting.
答案与解析：A　理解具体信息。明题意：本题问“从2014年的研究中可以得出什么可靠的结论？”→寻线索：根据第二段中的“A 2014 study on four...the researchers found that the elephants had a neutral response to painting”可知，研究人员想发现与绘画活动有关的与压力相关的行为，但发现大象对绘画的反应是无倾向性的→定答案：由此可知，研究人员在2014年的研究中并没有得到可靠的证据来证明大象的绘画活动与压力相关的行为有关，故选A。文中的neutral是解题的关键，意为“无倾向性的，中立的”。
6．What is a concern of activist organizations
A．Complexity of the training process.
B．Purposes of elephants' performance.
C．Daily activities of captive elephants.
D．Potential for elephants' return to nature.
答案与解析：D　理解具体信息。根据第四段的内容，尤其是“if they could somehow be restored to a return to the wild”可知，积极分子组织关注的是大象回归自然的可能性，故选D。
7．What does the underlined phrase “align with” in the last paragraph mean
A．Wander off. B．Set up.
C．Consist with. D．Go against.
答案与解析：C　理解词汇。最后一段中的“The role of a shelter...perhaps with an eye to returning the animal to the wild”指的是收容所的目标是让动物尽可能接近其正常生活或者也许是为了让动物回归野外，而教它们画画似乎与这个目标不一致，由此可知，画线词组意为“一致”，故选C。wander off “漫步”； set up “搭建”； consist with “符合，与……一致”； go against “违背”。
8．What might be the best title for the text
A．How PETA Helps
B．Why People Right Animals
C．Should Elephants Paint
D．Should Elephants live in captivity
答案与解析：C　理解文章主旨要义。文章第一段通过大象画画介绍了训练动物的方法和结果，从而引出对动物的虐待这一话题，后文围绕这一话题展开讨论，故选项C最适合作文章标题。
答题策略
语法填空——非谓语动词
非谓语动词所作成分
doing 作状语，表示伴随 作定语 作宾语补足语，用于with等复合结构 作介词 宾语　
done 作状语，表示被动或完成 作定语 作宾语补足语，用于with等复合结构
to do 作状语，表示目的 作定语
非谓语动词之间区分步骤
①找非谓语动词的逻辑主语； ②判断主被动关系：表示主动关系用doing，to do；表示被动关系用done； ③判断时间关系：非谓语动作发生在谓语动作之前用done; 之后用to do; 同时用doing。练习30　阅读理解＋应用文写作
授课提示：对应学生用书74页
　
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
2024·昆明市高三质检 说明文 333词 ★★☆☆☆
An Arizona aquarium is celebrating the hatching of three endangered African penguin chicks, saying the tiny additions are genetically valuable as zoos and aquariums around the world work to ensure the species' survival through breeding (培育) programs and conservation efforts.
Officials at OdySea Aquarium made the announcement on Friday, posting the video of the cute birds on social media. They hatched a few weeks ago and will remain behind the scenes with their parents until they're ready for a public appearance.
African penguins have suffered a massive population decline over the decades and are listed as endangered by the International Union for Conservation of Nature. So any successful hatching is cause for celebration, said Jessica Peranteau, director of animal training and education at the aquarium.
“As the population of the African penguin continues to rapidly decline—down 23% in the past two years alone—OdySea Aquarium remains committed to the survival of the species in partnership with Association of Zoos and Aquariums，” Peranteau said in a statement. The breeding program established by the organization aims to build up a gene bank for the species.
Officials say two of the three new chicks in Scottsdale were born to parents Mojo and Lemieux—a power couple of sorts that was selected for pairing as part of the breeding program. The third chick was born to first time parents Bubbles and Weasley.
Aquarium workers will regularly conduct “chick checks”， brief exams to monitor their growth and development and ensure they are hitting all necessary milestones. The three chicks have yet to be named, and their sex hasn't yet been determined. For now they're known by their numbers, 42，43 and 44. In all, OdySea Aquarium now has 40 African penguins and has recorded 13 successful hatching.
【语篇解读】　本文通过OdySea水族馆庆祝成功孵化三只濒危的非洲企鹅引出话题，讲述非洲企鹅数量锐减，OdySea水族馆与Association of Zoos and Aquariums为该物种的生存而努力。
1．How did OdySea Aquarium announce the birth of the chicks
A．By advertising its breeding program.
B．By uploading a video of them online.
C．By holding a contest to name them.
D．By offering a free visit to the zoo.
答案与解析：B　理解具体信息。根据第二段中的“Officials at OdySea Aquarium made the announcement on Friday, posting the video of the cute birds on social media”可知，水族馆的工作人员将孵化出的可爱的企鹅幼鸟的视频发布到网上，宣布三只企鹅幼鸟的诞生。故B项正确。
2．What is special about OdySea Aquarium
A．It works on its own to protect penguins.
B．It aims to create new habitats for penguins.
C．It has hatched 40 African penguins so far.
D．It focuses on the survival of the penguins.
答案与解析：D　理解具体信息。根据第四段中的“‘As the population of the African penguin...in partnership with Association of Zoos and Aquariums，’ Peranteau said in a statement”可知，OdySea水族馆与Association of Zoos and Aquariums为非洲企鹅的生存做出努力，所以该水族馆关注非洲企鹅的生存。故D项正确。
3．What can we learn about the three penguin chicks
A．They were born to the same parents.
B．They were raised by a power couple.
C．Their gender has been identified.
D．Their growth is monitored closely.
答案与解析：D　推断。根据尾段中的“Aquarium workers will regularly conduct ‘chick checks’， brief exams to monitor their growth and development and ensure they are hitting all necessary milestones”可知，水族馆工作人员定期对这三只企鹅幼鸟进行检查，通过简单的检查来监测它们的成长和发育。由此可推断，这三只幼鸟在密切监测下成长。故D项正确。
4．What is the text mainly about
A．Endangered penguin chicks hatch at OdySea Aquarium.
B．Penguin chicks make their first appearance in public.
C．African penguins suffer a sharp decline in populations.
D．Newly born penguins are taken good care of in zoos.
答案与解析：A　理解文章主旨要义。根据首段的内容可知，本文通过OdySea水族馆庆祝成功孵化三只濒危的非洲企鹅引出话题，围绕非洲企鹅的数量锐减、OdySea水族馆与Association of Zoos and Aquariums为该物种的生存所做出的一系列努力展开讲述。由此可知，A项“濒危的企鹅幼鸟在OdySea水族馆孵化”最能概括本文的主旨。
B
2024·牡丹江月考 议论文 298词 ★★☆☆☆
Most of us will be familiar with the traditional talent show set up: thousands of hopefuls line up outside the audition (试音) room, wait for hours to go in and perform for a group of judges. Then these potential pop stars could be lucky and get through to the next round, or they might hear the command, “Sorry, it's a no from me.” But what do the judges actually bring to a talent show
Music talent show judges attract millions of viewers each week to their programs. As public figures, they play an important part in advertising campaigns for these programs. They often receive high salaries and can be moody. Are they really worth the expenses and difficulties that they can cause One solution might be to replace them with computers.
Can computers really match human judges Scientist Dr Nick Collins and his team at the University of Sussex think they can. Dr Collins has been working on a project that involves programming three computerized judges that he says would be far more consistent in their judgment of musical performances. Employing a special programming language, Dr Collins's digital judges can be trained up by “listening” to particular musical styles. After they have been listening for a while, the programming language allows these judges to spot the specific features of the music, including the voice quality, the rhythm etc. Collins says, “The judges' listening capacity is not yet as good as a human ear, but they won't be as moody as some human reality TV show judges.”
Maybe that is the problem with this electronic musical innovation. Real human judges on talent shows interest us with their personality, decisions and catchy phrases. Will a computer program be able to do the same
5．The arrangements of the traditional talent show are described in Paragraph 1 to ________．
A．find out more potential pop stars
B．show the popularity of the talent show
C．make people familiar with the talent show
D．bring up the topic of talent show judges
答案与解析：D　根据第一段中的“But what do the judges actually bring to a talent show？”可知，提到传统才艺表演是为了引出裁判这个话题。D项正确。
6．What is the key message conveyed in Paragraph 2
A．Music talent shows are very competitive.
B．Music talent shows cost too much money.
C．There are some problems with talent show judges.
D．There are too many advertisements in talent show programs.
答案与解析：C　根据第二段中的“They often receive high salaries and can be moody. Are they really worth the expenses and difficulties that they can cause？One solution might be to replace them with computers.”可知，才艺表演的裁判存在着一些问题，因此才会让计算机取代裁判。C项正确。
7．How does Collins think about his computerized judges
A．They can listen as well as human ears.
B．They will be welcomed by the public.
C．They will be perfect for any talent show.
D．They can judge more fairly than human judges.
答案与解析：D　根据第三段中的“The judges' listening capacity is not yet as good as a human ear，but they won't be as moody as some human reality TV show judges.”可知，Collins认为这些计算机化的裁判不会像人这么情绪化，因此更为公平。D项正确。
8．What's the author 's opinion about replacing real human judges with computerized ones
A．Doubtful. B．Interested.
C．Satisfied. D．Optimistic.
答案与解析：A　根据最后一段中的“Real human judges on talent shows interest us with their personality，decisions and catchy phrases. Will a computer program be able to do the same？”可知，作者认为计算机裁判可能会在个性、决策和幽默词语方面使人兴趣减少。因此，作者对计算机裁判是持怀疑态度的。A项正确。
Ⅱ.应用文写作
[2024·河北石家庄摸底检测]假定你是李华，外教Bruce要求你班同学做一个主题为“Wildlife Protection”的小组项目。作为组长，请你给Bruce写一封邮件，内容包括：
1．项目设想；
2．寻求指导。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Bruce，
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Yours，
Li Hua
One possible version：
Dear Bruce，
Hope this letter finds you well. As the leader of our group project on Wildlife Protection, I'd like to share our ideas with you and seek your guidance.
We plan to create an informative brochure highlighting the importance of wildlife conservation and ways in which we can contribute to it. We also intend to organize a school wide campaign to raise the awareness about the issue.
Could you please provide us with some suggestions and feedback on our project ideas We greatly appreciate your support and expertise.
Yours，
Li Hua练习3　单句语法填空＋阅读理解
授课提示：对应学生用书5页
　
Ⅰ.单句语法填空(并列连词和名词性从句)
1．[2024·广东深圳中学期中]In any unsafe situation, simply press the button ________ one of our highly trained hotel staff will get you the help you need.
答案与解析：and　句意为：在任何不安全的情况下，只要按下按钮，我们酒店的一名训练有素的员工就会为您提供您需要的帮助。“祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句”句型中，如果祈使句表示的条件句是肯定句，应使用连词and；如果祈使句表示的条件句是否定句，应使用连词or。根据句意可知，此处的祈使句表示肯定。故填and。
2．[2024·江苏南通期末]I did not understand all of the traditional customs, ________ a few made a deep impression on me.
答案与解析：but/yet　句意为：我并不了解所有的传统习俗，但有一些习俗给我留下了深刻的印象。分析句子结构可知，空处前后是两个并列句，所以空处应用并列连词，根据句意可知，前后两个分句之间为转折关系，应用表示转折关系的连词but/yet，故填but/yet。
3．[2024·陕西宝鸡模拟]She said, “It is out of my expectations ________ we can have a delivery service here.”
答案与解析：that　句意为：她说：“真是出乎我的意料，我们这里居然有送货服务。”分析句子结构可知， It为形式主语，设空处引导的主语从句为真正主语，空处在从句中无实际意义且不充当成分，应用that。故填that。
4．It is your choice! ________ you come to my place ________ I go to yours.
答案与解析：Either; or　要么你来我这里，要么我去你那里，一切听你的。 either... or...“要么……要么……”，符合句意。
5．We were supposed to receive a warm welcome, but the host was ________ friendly ________ hospitable.
答案与解析：neither；nor　我们本该受到热烈的欢迎，但是主人既不友好也不热情。 neither... nor... 表示“既不……也不……”，符合句意。
6．Richard swims three times a week after work. This is ________ he keeps fit.
答案与解析：how/why　设空处引导表语从句，根据句子结构及语境可知，从句中缺少方式状语或原因状语，故用how或why引导。
7．Another important quality I should have is a warm personality which means that I should be friendly and ________ I must never be impolite to people.
答案与解析：that　我应该有的另一个重要的品质是一种温和的个性，这意味着我应该是友好的，并且永远不能对人不礼貌。which means后为两个并列的宾语从句，and后为第二个宾语从句，从句不缺少成分，应用that连接。因and连接两个宾语从句，第二个that不可省略。故填that。
8．You don't know ________ a letter like that means to me.
答案与解析：what　句意为：你不知道那样一封信对我来说意味着什么。动词know后为宾语从句。从句中means后缺少宾语，故填what。
9．With time going by, ________ once seemed vital in our life is no longer as important now.
答案与解析：what　随着时间的流逝，在我们生活中那些曾经看起来很重要的东西现在已经不那么重要了。设空处引导主语从句，在从句中作主语，指事物，故填what。
10．I was in such a hurry that I paid no attention to ________ or not the milk was hot.
答案与解析：whether　我太匆忙了以至于没有注意到牛奶是否是热的。to为介词，后面句子为宾语从句，与or not连用的连接词为whether，表示“是否”。故填whether。
Ⅱ.阅读理解
A
2023·全国甲卷 应用文 297词 ★★☆☆☆
Where to Eat in Bangkok
Bangkok is a highly desirable destination for food lovers. It has a seemingly bottomless well of dining options. Here are some suggestions on where to start your Bangkok eating adventure.
Nahm
Offering Thai fine dining, Nahm provides the best of Bangkok culinary (烹饪的) experiences. It's the only Thai restaurant that ranks among the top 10 of the world's 50 best restaurants list. Head Chef David Thompson, who received a Michelin star for his London based Thai restaurant of the same name, opened this branch in the Metropolitan Hotel in 2010.
Issaya Siamese Club
Issaya Siamese Club is internationally known Thai chef Ian Kittichai's first flagship Bangkok restaurant. The menu in this beautiful colonial house includes traditional Thai cuisine combined with modern cooking methods.
Bo. Lan
Bo. lan has been making waves in Bangkok's culinary scene since it opened in 2009. Serving hard to find Thai dishes in an elegant atmosphere, the restaurant is true to Thai cuisine's roots, yet still manages to add a special twist. This place is good for a candle lit dinner or a work meeting with colleagues who appreciate fine food. For those extremely hungry, there's a large set menu.
Gaggan
Earning first place on the latest “Asia's 50 best restaurants” list, progressive Indian restaurant Gaggan is one of the most exciting venues(场所) to arrive in Bangkok in recent years. The best table in this two story colonial Thai home offers a window right into the kitchen, where you can see chef Gaggan and his staff in action. Culinary theater at its best.
【语篇解读】　本文是应用文。介绍了一些关于从哪里开始你的曼谷美食之旅的建议。
1．What do Nahm and Issaya Siamese Club have in common
A．They adopt modern cooking methods.
B．They have branches in London.
C．They have top class chefs.
D．They are based in hotels.
答案与解析：C　细节理解题。根据小标题Nahm下的段落中“Head Chef David Thompson, who received a Michelin star for his London based Thai restaurant of the same name, opened this branch in the Metropolitan Hotel in 2010.[主厨大卫·汤普森(David Thompson)在伦敦的同名泰国餐厅获得了米其林一星，他于2010年在大都会酒店开设了这家分店]”以及小标题Issaya Siamese Club下的段落中“Issaya Siamese Club is internationally known Thai chef Ian Kittichai's first flagship Bangkok restaurant. (Issaya Siamese Club是国际知名的泰国厨师Ian Kittichai的第一家曼谷旗舰餐厅)”可知，Nahm和Issaya Siamese Club的共同之处是他们都有一流的厨师。故选C项。
2．Which restaurant offers a large set menu
A．Gaggan.
B．Bo. lan.
C．Issaya Siamese Club.
D．Nahm.
答案与解析：B　细节理解题。根据小标题Bo. lan下的段落中“For those extremely hungry, there's a large set menu. (对于那些极度饥饿的人来说，这里有一份很大的套餐)”可知，Bo. lan提供大型套餐。故选B项。
3．What is special about Gaggan
A．It hires staff from India.
B．It puts on a play every day.
C．It serves hard to find local dishes.
D．It shows the cooking process to guests.
答案与解析：D　细节理解题。根据小标题Gaggan下的段落中“The best table in this two story colonial Thai home offers a window right into the kitchen, where you can see chef Gaggan and his staff in action. (在这座两层殖民时期的泰国住宅中，最好的桌子有一扇通往厨房的窗户，在那里你可以看到Gaggan厨师和他的员工在工作)”可知，Gaggan的特别之处是它向客人展示了烹饪过程。故选D项。
B
2024·新课标Ⅰ卷，B 记叙文 291词 ★★★☆☆
“I am not crazy，” says Dr. William Farber, shortly after performing acupuncture (针灸) on a rabbit. “I am ahead of my time.” If he seems a little defensive, it might be because even some of his coworkers occasionally laugh at his unusual methods. But Farber is certain he'll have the last laugh. He's one of a small but growing number of American veterinarians (兽医) now practicing “holistic” medicine—combining traditional Western treatments with acupuncture, chiropractic (按摩疗法) and herbal medicine.
Farber, a graduate of Colorado State University, started out as a more conventional veterinarian. He became interested in alternative treatments 20 years ago when he suffered from terrible back pain. He tried muscle relaxing drugs but found little relief. Then he tried acupuncture, an ancient Chinese practice, and was amazed that he improved after two or three treatments. What worked on a veterinarian seemed likely to work on his patients. So, after studying the techniques for a couple of years, he began offering them to pets.
Leigh Tindale's dog Charlie had a serious heart condition. After Charlie had a heart attack, Tindale says, she was prepared to put him to sleep, but Farber's treatments eased her dog's suffering so much that she was able to keep him alive for an additional five months. And Priscilla Dewing reports that her horse, Nappy, “moves more easily and rides more comfortably” after a chiropractic adjustment.
Farber is certain that the holistic approach will grow more popular with time, and if the past is any indication, he may be right: Since 1982, membership in the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association has grown from 30 to over 700. “Sometimes it surprises me that it works so well，” he says. “I will do anything to help an animal. That's my job.”
语篇类型：记叙文　主题语境：人与自然——人与动物——中西医结合治疗动物
【语篇解读】　美国兽医William Farber因背痛尝试中医针灸治疗，之后病症得到缓解，然后他把针灸、按摩疗法、草药和传统西医治疗相结合用于治疗动物。
4．What do some of Farber's coworkers think of him
A.He's odd. B．He's strict.
C．He's brave. D．He's rude.
答案与解析：A　理解观点、态度。根据第一段中的“some of his coworkers occasionally laugh at his unusual methods”可知，Farber的一些同事偶尔会嘲笑他不寻常的治疗方法，再结合第一段中Farber的话“I am not crazy”可知，Farber的一些同事认为他很奇怪。故选A项。B项“他严格”；C项“他勇敢”；D项“他粗鲁”。
5．Why did Farber decide to try acupuncture on pets
A．He was trained in it at university.
B．He was inspired by another veterinarian.
C．He benefited from it as a patient.
D．He wanted to save money for pet owners.
答案与解析：C　理解具体信息。根据第二段中的“He became interested in alternative treatments...What worked on a veterinarian seemed likely to work on his patients”可知，Farber尝试针灸治疗之后背痛得到了缓解，所以他认为针灸治疗似乎也可以应用到宠物身上，也就是说他自己作为病人从针灸治疗中获得了益处，所以决定把针灸应用到宠物身上。故选C。A项“他在大学受过针灸训练”；B项“他受到了另一位兽医的启发”；D项“他想为宠物主人省钱”。
6．What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about
A．Steps of a chiropractic treatment.
B．The complexity of veterinarians' work.
C．Examples of rare animal diseases.
D．The effectiveness of holistic medicine.
答案与解析：D　理解段落主旨要义。本段主要介绍了两个动物经过Farber的治疗后，病情有所好转。由此可知，本段主要介绍了Farber的“针灸、按摩疗法、草药和传统西医治疗相结合”的整体医学所取得的效果。故选D。A项“按摩疗法的步骤”；B项“兽医工作的复杂性”；C项“罕见动物疾病示例”。
7．Why does the author mention the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association
A．To prove Farber's point.
B．To emphasize its importance.
C．To praise veterinarians.
D．To advocate animal protection.
答案与解析：A　理解目的。根据题干中的“American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association”可将答案定位至最后一段。“Since 1982...grown from 30 to over 700”具体解释上文中的“the past”，所以作者提到该组织是为了证明冒号前所说的“he may be right”，即为了证明Farber的观点是正确的。故选A。B项“为了强调它的重要性”；C项“为了赞扬兽医”；D项“为了提倡动物保护”。
黄金考点
语法填空——代词
考点5 代词的基本用法
考例 Running is cheap, easy and it's always energetic. If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give ________ a try.
点拨 give it a try为固定搭配，意为“试一试”。根据语境可知，it指代running，故可填it或running。
考点6 代词宾格作宾语(me，us，you，him，her，it，them)
考例 When the gorillas (大猩猩) and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find ________ (they) alive.
点拨 作动词find的宾语，应用其宾格形式them。
考点7 物主代词作定语修饰名词(my, your, his/her/its, our, your, their)
考例 Data about the moon's composition, such as how much ice and other treasures it contains, could help China decide whether ________ (it) plans for future lunar (月球的) base are practical.
点拨 这里名词plans前缺少定语，根据提示词it可知应用其代词it的形容词性物主代词its。练习31　语法填空＋阅读理解
授课提示：对应学生用书76页
　
Ⅰ.语法填空
2023·新课标Ⅱ卷 记叙文 187词 ★★☆☆☆
Whenever I tell people that I teach English at the Berlin Zoo, I almost always get a questioning look. Behind it, the person is trying to figure out who exactly I teach... the animals
Since June 2017, right before the 1.________ (arrive) of the two new pandas, Meng Meng and Jiao Qing, I have been helping the panda keepers at the zoo to feel more comfortable and 2.________ (confidence) speaking English. And who do they speak English 3.________？
Not the pandas, even though 4.________ language used for the medical training instructions is actually English. They talk to the flood of international tourists and to 5.________ (visit) Chinese zookeepers who often come to check on the pandas, which are on loan from China. They also need to be ready to give 6.________ (interview) in English with international journalists. This is 7.________ they need an English trainer.
So, what are they learning 8.________ (basic), how to describe a panda's life. It's been an honor to watch the panda programme develop 9.________ to see the pandas settle into their new home. As a little girl, I 10.________ (wish) to be a zookeeper when I grew up. Now, I'm living out that dream indirectly by helping the panda keepers do their job in English.
【语篇解读】　本文是记叙文。讲述了作者在柏林动物园教英语。
1．答案与解析：arrival　考查名词。句意：从2017年6月开始，就在两只新大熊猫“萌萌”和“娇青”到来之前，我一直在帮助动物园的熊猫饲养员更舒服、更自信地说英语。分析句子结构可知，空前是冠词，空后是介词，所以空处应填名词作介词before的宾语，arrive的名词形式是arrival，不可数名词。故填arrival。
2．答案与解析：confident　考查形容词。句意：从2017年6月开始，就在两只新大熊猫“萌萌”和“娇青”到来之前，我一直在帮助动物园的熊猫饲养员更舒服、更自信地说英语。分析句子结构可知，空处和前文的comfortable并列，作并列表语，应用形容词形式，confidence的形容词形式是confident。故填confident。
3．答案与解析：with　考查介词。句意：他们和谁说英语？分析句子结构可知，根据句意此处强调双向交流，应用固定搭配：speak with sb.意为“与某人交谈”。故填with。
4．答案与解析：the　考查冠词。句意：不是熊猫，尽管医学训练指导使用的语言实际上是英语。分析句子结构可知，此处特指用于医学训练指导使用的语言，表特指，应用定冠词修饰。故填the。
5．答案与解析：visiting　考查形容词。句意：他们与蜂拥而至的国际游客和来访的中国动物园管理员交谈，这些管理员经常来检查从中国租借来的大熊猫。分析句子结构可知，空后是名词，所以空处应填形容词作定语；visit对应的形容词为visiting“来访的”。故填visiting。
6．答案与解析：interviews　考查名词的数。句意：他们还需要准备好用英语接受国际记者的采访。分析句子结构可知，空前是动词，所以空处应填名词作宾语，interview意为“采访”为可数名词，不止一段采访，应用复数形式。故填interviews。
7．答案与解析：why　考查表语从句。句意：这就是他们需要英语培训师的原因。分析句子结构可知，空处引导表语从句，从句中结构完整，应该用连接副词连接，前文提到需要培训师的原因，此处是表达“这就是他们需要英语培训师的原因”之意，应用why引导表语从句。故填why。
8．答案与解析：Basically　考查副词。句意：基本上，如何描述熊猫的生活。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰空后整个句子，应该用副词修饰，basic的副词形式是basically位于句首，首字母应大写。故填Basically。
9．答案与解析：and　考查连词。句意：我很荣幸能看到熊猫项目的发展，看到熊猫们在新家安顿下来。分析句子结构可知，“to watch the panda programme develop”和“to see the pandas settle into their new home”两者是并列关系，应该用and连接。故填and。
10．答案与解析：wished　考查动词时态。句意：作为一个小女孩，我希望长大后成为一名动物园管理员。分析句子结构可知，本句缺少谓语动词，所以wish作本句谓语，和主语I之间是主动关系，根据后文的grew可知用一般过去时。故填wished。
Ⅱ.阅读理解
A
2024·昆明市质检 说明文 274词 ★★☆☆☆
One Alabama school was extremely creative in encouraging students to read more and to help improve the school district's literacy. They added an Inchy's Bookworm Vending Machine, an actual vending machine that allows students to add a special coin and get a brand new book.
Sixth grade reading teacher Kristy White said students have been inspired to earn coins so they can get a new book. Every classroom has coins, and students can earn them by improving in their reading or math skills or exhibiting good behavior.
Kristy said it only takes one coin to use the machine. Nice! What's even nicer is there are books for all grade levels and students even make suggestions for titles they'd like to see available. Funding for the vending machine came from community support through donations and grants.
Lucy Williamson was the first student to use the machine. The sixth grader said she can see the growing excitement of her fellows and she looks forward to getting even more books. “This has some different books that the library doesn't have and I'm able to keep the book longer because it's mine so I have more time to read it，” Lucy said. She also shared that she rereads books often, so being able to choose a book that she can take home is a real plus.
Beyond reading, the vending machine has also encouraged students to behave better. And when a student gets a coin everyone celebrates the win. “The students are thrilled when they are the students who get the coin that week. They come down here and other students cheer for them，” Kristy said.
We're cheering for them, too! This is such a unique way to motivate students. Reading is so fundamental that it really serves as the foundation for all other learning. This vending machine is just one way to help students succeed.
【语篇解读】　学校为了鼓励学生多读书，想出了一种激励学生阅读的独特方法——自动售货机，该方法起到了很好的效果。
1．What does the underlined word “literacy” in Paragraph 1 mean
A．Communication skills.
B．Academic performance.
C．Professional knowledge.
D．Reading and writing ability.
答案与解析：D　理解词汇。根据画线词所在句中的“and”可知，画线词所在的不定式短语与“to read more”是并列关系，“to read more”指的是多阅读，画线词所在的不定式短语所表达的意思应与“多阅读”一致，故D项“读写能力”与画线词的意思一致。
2．What can we know about the vending machine
A．It charges students for the special coins.
B．It encourages students' positive growth.
C．It turns a blind eye to students' proposals.
D．It aims to raise money for local community.
答案与解析：B　推断。根据第二段内容、第四段中的“The sixth grader said...even more books”、第五段中的“Beyond reading...to behave better”和最后一段中的“This vending machine is just one way to help students succeed”可知，自动售货机鼓励学生积极成长。故B项正确。
3．Why did Lucy commit herself to using the vending machine
A．To enrich her extra curricular life.
B．To escape from the school library.
C．To enjoy selecting and rereading books.
D．To gain respect and praise from her fellows.
答案与解析：C　理解具体信息。根据第四段中的“This has some different books that the library doesn't have and I'm able to keep the book longer because it's mine so I have more time to read it”和“She also shared that she rereads books often, so being able to choose a book that she can take home is a real plus”可知，Lucy之所以要用自动售货机，是因为喜欢选择和重读图书。故C项正确。
4．Which is the suitable title for the text
A．Kristy White: A Creative Reading Teacher
B．Lucy Williamson: A Model Pupil at School
C．A Unique Way to Inspire Students to Read
D．The Importance of Offering Reading Courses
答案与解析：C　理解文章主旨要义。根据文章第一段的内容可知，学校为了鼓励学生多阅读和帮助提高学区学生的读写能力，便在学校增添Inchy's书虫自动售货机；再根据下文老师和学生对这种自动售货机的反馈可知，自动售货机发挥了良好的效果。因此C项“激励学生阅读的独特方法”最适合作本文标题。故C项正确。
B
2024·三明一中月考 记叙文 341词 ★★☆☆☆
“I saw it first，” Amy said, as she ripped the old leather wallet out of Charlie's hands. Without saying a word, as if they both understood that this was a secret they didn't want to share with anyone, they slipped into the alley, where no one could see them look inside.
“There's got to be a million dollars here！” Charlie blurted out, when they saw the pile of hundred dollar bills. Amy, the more realistic of the two, did a quick estimate, thumbing through the wad of cash. “More like thousands，” she said, her voice shaking in disbelief.
They'd found the wallet in a flowerbed by the sidewalk, when Charlie dropped his cell phone while he was trying to talk and eat a slice of pepperoni pizza at the same time. Amy stuffed the wallet into her backpack and pulled Charlie along by his elbow toward her house. As they rushed toward Viceroy Avenue, they talked excitedly about what they could do with the money buy gifts for parents and friends, get new clothes, travel to the rainforest in Costa Rica, and adopt a whale. It looked like all of their dreams would come true. For the last block, however, they didn't talk. Each began to suspect that the other one was silently adding to the list of things they could buy.
They finally reached Amy's house, but instead of going inside, they walked around the house to the back porch. They opened the wallet and counted the money into piles of ten. The total was $2，400—more money than either of them had ever seen. Then they both started talking at once. Who lost it Their moods shifted, sinking from the high of being rich for fifteen minutes to resigning themselves to what they must do next. In the wallet's clear plastic compartment, there was a driver's license. They knew what they had to do. Although they would lose their newly found treasure, in a way, they felt relieved.
5．Where did Amy and Charlie find the wallet
A．In an alley.
B．In a backpack.
C．On the sidewalk.
D．Among some flowers.
答案与解析：D　根据第三段中的“They'd found the wallet in a flowerbed by the sidewalk”可知，他们在人行道上的花圃里捡到的钱包。D项正确。
6．In Paragraph 2, why was Amy's voice shaking
A．She was afraid that they would be seen by others.
B．She was disappointed there wasn't a million dollars.
C．She was fearful that Charlie would tell someone else.
D．She felt nervous because she'd never seen so much money.
答案与解析：D　根据最后一段中的“The total was $2，400—more money than either of them had ever seen.”可知，钱包里的钱很多，超出了她们俩的想象。结合第二段中的“‘More like thousands，’ she said, her voice shaking in disbelief.”可知，Amy的声音发抖是因为钱包里的钱对她来说数额巨大。D项正确。
7．How did the children's mood changed on their way to Amy's house
A．From happy to angry.
B．From relieved to worried.
C．From excited to skeptical.
D．From nervous to disappointed.
答案与解析：C　根据第三段中的“As they rushed toward Viceroy Avenue, they talked excitedly about what they could do with the money”和“For the last block, however, they didn't talk. Each began to suspect that the other one was silently adding to the list of things they could buy.”可知，两个人首先是非常兴奋，最后不说话了，开始猜疑。C项正确。
8．What did the children decide to do at the end of the story
A．To keep the money a secret from others.
B．To return the wallet to its rightful owner.
C．To put the wallet back where they found it.
D．To buy many different things with the money.
答案与解析：B　根据最后一段中的“In the wallet's clear plastic compartment, there was a driver's license. They knew what they had to do. Although they would lose their newly found treasure, in a way, they felt relieved.”可知，她俩在钱包里发现了驾驶执照。她们知道该把钱包交还失主。虽然她们会失去新发现的财宝，但在某种程度上，她们感到放心了。B项正确。
黄金考点
语法填空——形容词、副词
考点44 充当表语用形容词
考例 I'm ________ (surely) you'll have a good time.
点拨 am是系动词，后接形容词作表语， 故应填sure。此句是“I'm sure＋that从句”，其中that可省略。
考点45 修饰全句充当状语用副词
考例 ________ (immediate), I raised my hand.
点拨 表示“立刻”，在句中作状语，应用副词；位于句首，首字母要大写。故应填Immediately。
考点46 修饰谓语动词充当状语用副词
考例 Instead, he hopes that his business will grow ________ (steady).
点拨 修饰谓语动词grow，表示“稳步地”，应用副词，应填steadily。注意“grow＋形容词”与“grow＋副词”是grow的两种不同用法。前者用作系动词，而后者用作实意动词。练习53　七选五＋完形填空＋应用文写作
授课提示：对应学生用书133页
　
Ⅰ.七选五
2024·浙江三地质检 说明文 235词 ★★★☆☆
Tips for Foreign Students in China
China is a very popular destination for foreign students today. __1__ At this point, the most popular choices for study are management and technical courses, though the interest in other disciplines is growing every minute. Here is a short list of some great tips for you if you want to study in China.
Learn the culture
China has a history of over five thousand years. Depending on where you come from, you might find it hard to fit in. This is the rule that applies to any transfer you make in the world. __2__ The more you learn, the sooner you'll make friends.
Learn the language
Even when travelling for a short time, it's always wise to learn the basic phrases of the language people speak in your target country. __3__ This will help you connect better with the people and show that you've made an effort.
Know your budget
Wherever you go, you need to set your budget before you depart. This is extremely important if you plan to live on a budget for a certain period of time. Before you leave for China to study, check the costs in your selected city or area and plan your budget accordingly. __4__
Don't limit yourself
Moving across the world to study in a place you don't know with people you have never seen can seem daunting. __5__ Don't limit yourself. Go all out.
A．Get a Chinese phrasebook and learn the must knows.
B．Then, make sure to keep track of it and follow your plan.
C．Once you choose the program, arrange the rest of the details.
D．If you're moving to a place with a different culture, learn a bit before you go.
E．The colleges and universities are known for their excellence and high standards.
F．Studying abroad is not only a big step, but also one of the best experiences students get to live today.
G．However, students who have been to China to study always regret not spending more time there.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。给外国学生在中国的建议。
1．答案与解析：E　空前一句讲中国是当今一个非常受外国学生欢迎的目的地。下文讲在这一点上，最受欢迎的学习选择是管理和技术课程，尽管对其他学科的兴趣每分钟都在增长。空处应该讲中国大学的教育水平领先，这是吸引外国学生来华深造的原因，故E项承接上文，符合语境。
2．答案与解析：D　本段建议学习文化。空后讲你学得越多，你就能越早交到朋友。因此空处应该和学习当地文化有关。D项“如果你要搬到一个有不同文化的地方，在你去之前先学习一些”符合语境，且能引出下文。
3．答案与解析：A　本段小标题是学习语言。空前讲学习你目标国家的语言，A项“买一本中文常用语手册，学习必须知道的知识”是学习中文的一种方法，呼应上文信息，故A项符合语境。
4．答案与解析：B　空前讲在你前往中国学习之前，核查你选择的城市或地区的成本，并相应地计划你的预算。B项“然后，确保记录它，并采用你的计划”符合语境。
5．答案与解析：G　空前讲“横穿世界去一个你不认识的地方并和你从未见过的人在一起学习，这似乎是吓人的”。G项“然而，那些去中国学习的学生总是后悔没有在那里花更多的时间”，与上文形成转折关系，同时引出后文的建议，即不要限制自己，全力以赴。
Ⅱ.完形填空
2024·浙江四校联考 记叙文 270词 ★★★☆☆
“Keep staring! I might do a __1__！” That's the message on a T shirt of mine.
People stare at me all the time so I thought this shirt would be funny. See, I'm a dwarf (侏儒). Most of the time people aren't trying to be __2__. They just haven't seen many dwarfs like me before. I can __3__ that, but I also want to let them know that I see them staring.
I was born with achondroplasia (软骨发育不全), the most __4__ form of dwarfism. Right now, I am almost four feet tall and that's __5__ as tall as I'm going to get.
I'm not going to pretend my height isn't a __6__. Light switches and __7__ are usually too high for me. It takes me almost three steps to __8__ one step of an average size adult and my mom has to shorten almost all of my __9__．
But everyone faces challenges. You have to face them with a good attitude. So, I have a long barbecue fork to __10__ things from shelves and drive a car with the help of pedal __11__. If all else fails, I ask for things. The way I see it, I can do just about __12__ that an average size person can do. I'll never play professional sports, but I have no problem __13__ my limits. It may take me longer and it may be harder, but I can still do it.
My shirt shows people the __14__ me—a kid with a sense of humor. And maybe that's the trick showing others that I'm just like them. I'm just shorter, but I'm __15__ of who I am.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。作者患有侏儒症，但是他本人坚强、幽默，不断通过自身的努力去完成一个正常身高的人完成的事情。
1．A.favor B．bet
C．trick D．survey
答案与解析：C　此处考查原词复现。根据最后一段的“that's the trick”可知，作者T恤上的标语是“继续盯着！我可能会变个戏法！”。favor“帮助，好事，恩惠”；bet“打赌，赌注”；trick“戏法，把戏，骗局”；survey“民意调查”。
2．A.rude B．nice
C．indifferent D．hospitable
答案与解析：A　根据下文的“They just haven't seen many dwarfs like me before”可知，人们盯着作者看，并不是故意表现得这么粗鲁的。他们只是之前没有见过很多像作者一样的侏儒。故选A。rude“粗鲁的”；indifferent“漠不关心的”；hospitable“好客的”。
3．A.avoid B．evaluate
C．appreciate D．object
答案与解析：C　根据上文的“They just haven't seen many dwarfs like me before”可知，作者内心理解大家为什么会一直盯着自己看。故选C。avoid“避免”；evaluate“评估，评价”；appreciate“理解，意识到，领会，欣赏，感激”；object“反对，不赞成”。
4．A.common B．special
C．scary D．outstanding
答案与解析：A　根据上文的“I was born with achondroplasia (软骨发育不全)”和常识可知，作者天生患有软骨发育不全，这是最常见的侏儒症。故选A。common“常见的”；special“特殊的”；scary“可怕的，吓人的”；outstanding“杰出的”。
5．A.hardly B．particularly
C．awfully D．practically
答案与解析：D　上文讲作者患有侏儒症。再根据上文的“Right now, I am almost four feet tall”可知，作者现在身高几乎有四英尺高，那几乎就是作者以后能达到的高度。故选D。hardly“几乎不”；particularly“特别，尤其”；awfully“非常，极其”；practically“几乎，差不多，很接近”。
6．A.challenge B．symbol
C．milestone D．barrier
答案与解析：A　根据后文的“Light switches and __7__ are usually too high for me”和常识可知，身高在作者的生活中确实带来了挑战。故选A。challenge“挑战”；symbol“象征”；milestone“重要事件，里程碑”；barrier“障碍，屏障”。下文的“everyone faces challenges”亦是提示。
7．A.stars B．ceilings
C．counters D．ladders
答案与解析：C　根据空前的“Light switches”可知，空处与Light switches并列，均是作者列举的生活中由于身高而面临的挑战。再结合上文的“I am almost four feet tall”和选项可知，此处是说电灯开关和柜台(counters)对作者来说通常都太高了。故选C。star“星”；ceiling“天花板”；ladder“梯子”。
8．A.break away from B．keep up with
C．draw back D．bring along
答案与解析：B　根据上文的“I am almost four feet tall”可知，作者腿短，故一般成人走一步，作者需要走约三步才能跟得上。故选B。break away from“突然挣脱，逃脱”；keep up with“(与……)齐步前进，并驾齐驱，跟上”；draw back“移开，后退”；bring along“把……带来”。
9．A.legs B．steps
C．pants D．distance
答案与解析：C　作者有侏儒症，所以母亲需要把作者几乎所有的裤子(pants)都裁短。distance“距离”。
10．A.pull down B．pick up
C．drag along D．stab into
答案与解析：A　根据语境可知，作者有侏儒症，应是用长长的烧烤叉将东西从架子上拉下来，故选A。pull down“把……拉下来”；pick up“拾起，(开车)接，取”；drag along“拖着脚步走”；stab into“刺入”。
11．A.brakes B．extensions
C．devices D．stands
答案与解析：B　通过延长的踏板，作者可以开车了。brake“刹车”；extension“扩大，延伸；延长的事物”；device“设备”；stand“货摊”。
12．A.something B．little
C．anything D．enough
答案与解析：C　根据上文描述的作者一直在不断尝试解决各种生活问题可知，在作者眼中，作者基本上可以做任何一个正常身高的人能做的事。故选C。
13．A.adjusting B．changing
C．perfecting D．testing
答案与解析：D　根据上文的“I'll never play professional sports, but”可知，作者不会去参加职业运动，但是测试下自己的极限是没问题的。故选D。adjust“调整，调节”；perfect“使完善，使完美”；test“测试，检验”。
14．A.tall B．different
C．strong D．real
答案与解析：D　根据第一段第一句“Keep staring! I might do a __1__！”可知，衣服上的文字展示了真正的作者——一个具有幽默感的孩子。故选D。
15．A.ashamed B．aware
C．capable D．proud
答案与解析：D　根据上文的描述和空前的but可知，此处前后分句之间是转折关系，表示虽然作者较矮，但作者为自己感到骄傲。ashamed“惭愧，羞愧”；aware“意识到，明白”；capable“有能力，有才能”；proud“骄傲的，自豪的”。
Ⅲ.应用文写作
[2024·广东省模拟Ⅰ]假定你是李华，是校英语学习俱乐部的负责人。你们邀请到了Smith教授在线作主题为“How to Write and Enjoy Poems”的专题讲座。请你在讲座开始前作简要发言，内容包括：
1．表示感谢；
2．相关介绍；
3．对听众的要求。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear fellow students，
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
That's all. Thank you.
One possible version：
Dear fellow students，
We feel honored, and wish to express our heartfelt appreciation to Professor Smith for his graciously agreeing to give us this online lecture on “How to Write and Enjoy Poems”. So let's show our warm welcome !
Prof. Smith is a well known poet, and he will illustrate the connotations of poems in structure, imagery, and rhyme by sharing his own poems. Thus, it is a great opportunity to improve our
writing procedures and skills (it作形式主语，动词不定式作真正主语) and I am sure it will be of significant benefit to us all.
I hope all in attendance will participate positively and follow his instructions as requested. You may also take notes if necessary (状语从句中的省略). There will be a five minute question and answer session following the lecture, which will allow you an opportunity to ask questions and actively take part in the discussion (非限制性定语从句).
That's all. Thank you.
答题策略
语法填空——谓语动词
谓语动词的应用
① 上下文时态要一致，多考查一般过去式，一般现在时和完成时态的助动词have的不同形式has或had
② 并列动词的形式要一致，留意并列连词and，or等
③ 留意主谓在人称和数上要一致
④ 留意情态动词的应用
⑤ 语态要一致，多考查动词的形式和助动词be的应用与省略练习52　语法填空＋阅读理解
授课提示：对应学生用书131页
　
Ⅰ.语法填空
2022·全国乙卷 说明文 210词 ★★★☆☆
May 21st this year marks the first International Tea Day, which was named officially 1.________ the United Nations on November 27th, 2019. To celebrate 2.________ festival, a number of events took place at the Chinese Businessman Museum in Beijing on Thursday.
The chairman of the China Culture Promotion Society 3.________ (address) the opening ceremony. “As a main promoter of the International Tea Day, the birthplace of tea and the 4.________ (large) tea producing country, China has a 5.________ (responsible) to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry. It can help to build a community with a 6.________ (share) future for mankind，” he said.
The “First International Tea Day Tea Road Cooperative Initiative” issued (发布) at the ceremony calls for people working in the tea industry to come together to promote international cooperation 7.________ cultural exchanges. A four year tea promotion—Tea Road Cooperative Plan—was also issued in accordance with the initiative.
8．________ (strengthen) the connection with young people, the event included a number of public promotional activities on social media, 9.________ (invite) twenty nine tea professionals from around the world to have thirty six hours of uninterrupted live broadcasts.
The Chinese Ancient Tea Museum was officially unveiled (揭幕) at the ceremony, opening 10.________ (it) first exhibition: The Avenue of Truth—A Special Exhibition of Pu'er Tea.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了为了庆祝第一个国际茶日，中国商会博物馆所举办的一系列活动。
1．答案与解析：by　考查介词。句意：2019年11月27日，联合国正式将5月21日定为第一个国际茶日。根据句意可知，此处表达“被联合国在5月21日命名”。表示被动，使用固定结构“be＋过去分词＋by”。故填by。
2．答案与解析：the　考查非谓语动词。句意：为了庆祝这一节日，周四在北京的中国商人博物馆举行了一系列活动。特指International Tea Day这一节日，所以用定冠词the。故填the。
3．答案与解析：addressed　考查时态。句意：中国文化促进会会长在开幕式上致辞。陈述过去事情，用一般过去时。故填addressed。
4．答案与解析：largest　考查形容词最高级。句意：中国是茶的发源地和最大产茶国，作为国际茶日的主要推动者，中国有责任与其他国家共同促进茶产业的健康发展。根据定冠词the和常识可知，中国是最大产茶国，所以用形容词的最高级形式。故填largest。
5．答案与解析：responsibility　考查名词。句意：中国是茶的发源地和最大产茶国，作为国际茶日的主要推动者，中国有责任与其他国家共同促进茶产业的健康发展。不定冠词a后接可数名词的单数形式。故填responsibility。
6．答案与解析：shared　考查非谓语动词。句意：这有助于构建人类命运共同体。此处为非谓语动词做定语来修饰名词future。非谓语动词share和名词future之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词作定语。故填shared。
7．答案与解析：and　考查连词。句意：仪式上发布的“首个国际茶日万里茶道合作倡议”呼吁茶业人士团结起来，促进国际合作和文化交流。名词international cooperation和cultural exchanges为并列成分，作动词promote的宾语。故填and。
8．答案与解析：To strengthen　考查非谓语动词。句意：为了加强与年轻人的联系，活动包括在社交媒体上的一系列公共宣传活动，邀请了来自世界各地的29名茶叶专业人士进行36小时不间断的直播。根据句意可知，此处表达“为了加强与年轻人的联系”，需要用不定式作目的状语。故填To strengthen。
9．答案与解析：inviting　考查非谓语动词。句意：为了加强与年轻人的联系，活动包括在社交媒体上的一系列公共宣传活动，邀请了来自世界各地的29名茶叶专业人士进行36小时不间断的直播。此处为非谓语动词，逻辑主语the event与invite之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语。故填inviting。
10．答案与解析：its　考查代词。句意：在开幕式上，中国古茶博物馆正式揭牌，开启了它的第一个展览：大道遗真——普洱茶专题展。名词exhibition前用形容词性物主代词。故填its。
Ⅱ.阅读理解
A
2024·石家庄质检Ⅱ 说明文 281词 ★★★★☆
Many owners of electric cars have wished for a battery pack that could power their vehicle for more than a thousand miles on a single charge. Researchers have developed a lithium air battery that could make that dream a reality. The new battery design could also one day power airplanes and trucks. The main new component in this lithium air battery is a solid electrolyte (电解质) instead of the usual liquid variety.
Batteries with solid electrolytes are not subject to safety problems with the liquid electrolytes used in lithium ion and other battery types, which can overheat and catch fire. More importantly, the solid electrolyte can potentially boost the energy four times, which translates into longer driving range.
For over a decade, scientists have been working overtime to develop a lithium (锂) battery that makes use of the oxygen in air. The lithium air battery has the highest energy of any battery technology being considered for the next generation of batteries beyond lithium ion.
The new solid electrolyte is composed of a material made from relatively inexpensive elements, compared with the past designs. Besides, the chemical reaction in lithium ion only involves one or two electrons stored per oxygen molecule (分子), while that for the lithium air battery involves four electrons. More electrons stored means higher energy.
The new design is the first lithium air battery that has achieved a four electron reaction at room temperature. It also operates with oxygen supplied by air from the surrounding environment. The capability to run with air avoids the need for oxygen tanks to operate, a problem with earlier designs.
“With further development, we expect our new design for the lithium air battery to reach a record of 1，200 watt hours per kilogram，” said Curtiss, a researcher. “That is nearly four times better than lithium ion batteries.”
【语篇解读】　本文介绍了研究人员已经开发出一种锂空气电池，可以有朝一日为飞机和卡车提供动力。
1．What contributes most to the lithium air battery
A．Lithium ion. B．Oxygen molecules.
C．Solid electrolytes. D．Liquid components.
答案与解析：C　理解具体信息。根据第一段尾句可知，锂空气电池主要的新成分是固体电解质；根据第二段的内容可知，有固体电解质的电池不存在安全问题。更重要的是，固体电解质可能会将能量提高四倍，这意味着更长的行驶里程。由此可知，对锂空气电池贡献最大的是固体电解质。故选C项。
2．What's the problem with lithium ion batteries
A．They burn easily if overheated.
B．They are unsafe in production.
C．They damage the environment.
D．They require longer charging time.
答案与解析：A　理解具体信息。根据第二段中的“lithium ion and other... overheat and catch fire”可知，锂离子电池容易过热且着火。故选A项。
3．How does the author organize Paragraph 4
A．By giving examples.
B．By making comparisons.
C．By presenting statistics.
D．By analyzing cause and effect.
答案与解析：B　理解写作手法。明题意：本题问“作者是如何组织第四段的？”→寻线索：根据第四段中的“The new solid electrolyte... compared with the past designs”可知，与过去的设计相比，新的固体电解质由相对便宜的成分制成；本段第二句中while表示前后两种情况的对比→定答案：由此可知，作者是用比较的方法来写第四段的。故选B项。
4．What is the best title of the text
A．How Lithium air Batteries Work
B．What Will Be Used to Power Airplanes
C．Electric Cars Are Becoming More Popular
D．New Batteries Offer Longer Driving Range
答案与解析：D　理解文章主旨要义。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了研究人员已经开发出一种锂空气电池，讲述了该电池的主要成分、与旧的锂离子电池相比该电池的优点——无锂离子电池等存在的安全问题且行驶里程更长等。故选D项。
B
2023·全国甲卷 说明文 310词 ★★★☆☆
Grizzly bears, which may grow to about 2.5 m long and weigh over 400 kg, occupy a conflicted corner of the American psyche—we revere (敬畏) them even as they give us frightening dreams. Ask the tourists from around the world that flood into Yellowstone National Park what they most hope to see, and their answer is often the same: a grizzly bear.
“Grizzly bears are re occupying large areas of their former range，” says bear biologist Chris Servheen. As grizzly bears expand their range into places where they haven't been seen in a century or more, they're increasingly being sighted by humans.
The western half of the U．S. was full of grizzlies when Europeans came, with a rough number of 50，000 or more living alongside Native Americans. By the early 1970s, after centuries of cruel and continuous hunting by settlers, 600 to 800 grizzlies remained on a mere 2 percent of their former range in the Northern Rockies. In 1975, grizzlies were listed under the Endangered Species Act.
Today, there are about 2，000 or more grizzly bears in the U．S. Their recovery has been so successful that the U．S. Fish and Wildlife Service has twice attempted to de list grizzlies, which would loosen legal protections and allow them to be hunted. Both efforts were overturned due to lawsuits from conservation groups. For now, grizzlies remain listed.
Obviously, if precautions (预防) aren't taken, grizzlies can become troublesome, sometimes killing farm animals or walking through yards in search of food. If people remove food and attractants from their yards and campsites, grizzlies will typically pass by without trouble. Putting electric fencing around chicken houses and other farm animal quarters is also highly effective at getting grizzlies away. “Our hope is to have a clean, attractant free place where bears can pass through without learning bad habits，” says James Jonkel, longtime biologist who manages bears in and around Missoula.
【语篇解读】　本文是说明文，讲述了美国灰熊从濒危物种恢复到2 000多头，但也带来了一些问题。
5．How do Americans look at grizzlies
A．They cause mixed feelings in people.
B．They should be kept in national parks.
C．They are of high scientific value.
D．They are a symbol of American culture.
答案与解析：A　细节理解题。根据第一段中“Grizzly bears, which may grow to about 2.5 m long and weigh over 400 kg, occupy a conflicted corner of the American psyche—we revere them even as they give us frightening dreams. (灰熊可以长到2.5米长，体重超过400公斤，在美国人的心理中占据着一个矛盾的角落——即使它们给我们带来可怕的梦，我们也敬畏它们)”可知，美国人对灰熊既有害怕，又有敬畏，他们的情感是混合的。故选A项。
6．What has helped the increase of the grizzly population
A．The European settlers' behavior.
B．The expansion of bears' range.
C．The protection by law since 1975.
D．The support of Native Americans.
答案与解析：C　推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句“In 1975, grizzlies were listed under the Endangered Species Act. (1975年，灰熊被列入《濒危物种法》)”以及第四段“Today, there are about 2, 000 or more grizzly bears in the U．S. Their recovery has been so successful that the U．S. Fish and Wildlife Service has twice attempted to de list grizzlies, which would loosen legal protections and allow them to be hunted. (如今，美国大约有2 000只或更多的灰熊。它们的恢复非常成功，以至于美国鱼类和野生动物管理局两次试图将灰熊从名单上除名，这将放松对灰熊的法律保护，允许它们被猎杀)”可推知，由于1975年起受法律保护，灰熊的数量有了增长。故选C项。
7．What has stopped the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service from de listing grizzlies
A．The opposition of conservation groups.
B．The successful comeback of grizzlies.
C．The voice of the biologists.
D．The local farmers' advocates.
答案与解析：A　细节理解题。根据第四段中“Today, there are about 2，000 or more grizzly bears in the U．S. Their recovery has been so successful that the U．S. Fish and Wildlife Service has twice attempted to de list grizzlies, which would loosen legal protections and allow them to be hunted. Both efforts were overturned due to lawsuits from conservation groups. For now, grizzlies remain listed. (如今，美国大约有2 000只或更多的灰熊。它们的恢复非常成功，以至于美国鱼类和野生动物管理局两次试图将灰熊从名单上除名，这将放松对灰熊的法律保护，允许它们被猎杀。由于环保组织的诉讼，这两项努力都被推翻了。目前，灰熊仍在名单上)”可知，是环保组织的反对阻止了美国鱼类和野生动物管理局将灰熊从濒危物种名单上除名。故选A项。
8．What can be inferred from the last paragraph
A．Food should be provided for grizzlies.
B．People can live in harmony with grizzlies.
C．A special path should be built for grizzlies.
D.Technology can be introduced to protect grizzlies.
答案与解析：B　推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Obviously, if precautions aren't taken, grizzlies can become troublesome, sometimes killing farm animals or walking through yards in search of food. If people remove food and attractants from their yards and campsites, grizzlies will typically pass by without trouble. Putting electric fencing around chicken houses and other farm animal quarters is also highly effective at getting grizzlies away. ‘Our hope is to have a clean, attractant free place where bears can pass through without learning bad habits，’ says James Jonkel, longtime biologist who manages bears in and around Missoula. (显然，如果不采取预防措施，灰熊会变得很麻烦，有时会杀死农场动物，或者在院子里寻找食物。如果人们把食物和引诱剂从他们的院子和露营地移走，灰熊通常会安然通过。在鸡舍和其他农场动物生活区周围设置电动围栏也能有效地赶走灰熊。‘我们希望有一个干净，没有诱饵的地方，熊可以通过，而不会养成坏习惯，’詹姆斯·琼克尔说，他是一位长期管理米苏拉及其周围熊的生物学家)”可推知，灰熊数量增长，虽然会带来一些麻烦，但是如果采取一些预防措施，人和灰熊可以和谐相处。故选B项。
答题策略
语法填空——冠词
冠词的误用、多用与少用
误用
① 表示特指用the，表示泛指用a、an
② a、an的混用
多用,
③,专有名词前不用冠词，如China
④,学科名词前不用冠词，如physics
⑤,球类名词前不用冠词，如football
⑥,三餐名词前不用冠词，如lunch
⑦,留意有多余冠词的固定短语
少用,
⑧,留意无冠词、无物主代词、无不定代词修饰的单数可数名词
⑨,留意缺少冠词的固定短语练习10　单句语法填空＋阅读理解
授课提示：对应学生用书23页
　
Ⅰ.单句语法填空(形容词和副词)
1．[2024·陕西西安交大附中检测]Yuan Longping had two dreams: to enjoy the cool shade beneath rice plants taller than men and to see hybrid rice grown all over the world to help solve the ________ (globe) food shortage.
答案与解析：global　句意为：袁隆平有两个梦想：在比人还高的水稻下乘凉和看到杂交水稻在世界各地被种植以帮助解决全球粮食短缺问题。此处应用形容词作定语。故填global。
2．[2024·重庆调研]The world is ________ (current) trying to get back on its feet after dealing with the influence of the coronavirus pandemic.
答案与解析：currently　句意为：在应对此次冠状病毒大流行病的影响之后，世界(各国)目前正努力重新振作起来。此处应用副词作状语，修饰谓语is trying。故填currently。
3．[2024·安徽淮北一模]The lesson, ________ (main) aimed at young students from all over the world, began with a live broadcast that was from the orbiting China Space Station on Thursday afternoon.
答案与解析：mainly　句意为：这节课主要面向来自世界各地的青年学生，在周四下午以在轨运行的中国空间站进行的现场直播开始。应用副词作状语修饰过去分词短语aimed at。故填mainly。
4．[2024·辽宁沈阳质检]All ________ (taste) foods do this, but sugar has a particularly strong effect.
答案与解析：tasty　句意为：所有美味的食物都如此，但糖的作用特别强烈。应用形容词修饰空后名词foods。故填tasty。
5．They are likely to respond ________ (positive) to the president's request for aid.
答案与解析：positively　他们可能会对总统的援助要求作出积极回应。修饰动词respond应用副词。positively“积极地”。
6．The girl used to be shy, but is ________ (gradual) getting active in group work and is more willing to express herself.
答案与解析：gradually　这个女孩以前害羞，但是现在正渐渐地在小组工作中变得积极，并更愿意表达她自己(的想法)。修饰动词应用副词gradually，表示“逐渐地”。
7．Hope is a good thing, maybe the ________ (good) of things, and no good thing ever dies.
答案与解析：best　希望是一个好东西，也许是最好的，好东西是不会消亡的。根据语境和句子结构可知，这里应用形容词最高级形式。
8．I read some chapters from Harry Potter to my bored and ________ (noise) children.
答案与解析：noisy　我给我无聊和吵闹的孩子读了几章《哈利·波特》。空处修饰children，故用形容词noisy。
9．The road has seen many traffic accidents. Thus you should be careful when driving along the road, ______ (particular) on rainy days.
答案与解析：particularly　这条路上事故频发。因此你在这条路上开车时应该小心，尤其是在下雨天。空处在句中作状语，故用副词particularly，意为“尤其，特别”。
Ⅱ.阅读理解
A
2024·浙江1月，A 应用文 280词 ★★☆☆☆
Tom Sawyer Play Is an Adventure
A 35 minute hand clapping, foot stomping musical version of a Mark Twain favorite returns with this Tall Stacks festival.
“Tom Sawyer: A River Adventure” has all the good stuff, including the fence painting, the graveyard, the island and the cave. It is adapted by Joe McDonough, with music by David Kisor. That's the local stage writing team that creates many of the Children's Theatre of Cincinnati's original musicals, along with the holiday family musicals at Ensemble Theatre.
This year Nathan Turner of Burlington is Tom Sawyer, and Robbie McMath of Fort Mitchell is Huck Finn.
Turner, a 10th grader at School for Creative and Performing Arts, is a familiar presence on Cincinnati's stages. He is a star actor of Children's Theatre, having played leading roles in “The Legend of Sleepy Hollow” and “The Wizard of Oz”， and is fresh from Jersey Production “Ragtime”．
McMath is a junior at Beechwood High School. He was in the cast of “Tom Sawyer” when it was first performed and is a Children's Theatre regular, with five shows to his credit. This summer he attended Kentucky's Governor's School for the Arts in Musical Theatre.
Note to teachers: Children's Theatre has a study guide demonstrating how math and science can be taught through “Tom Sawyer”. For downloadable lessons, visit the official website of Children's Theatre.
语篇类型：应用文　主题语境：人与社会——文学与艺术——戏剧
【语篇解读】　本文主要介绍了“Tom Sawyer: A River Adventure”这一部教育戏剧的创作团队、主演及其他相关信息。
1．Who wrote the music for “Tom Sawyer: A River Adventure”？
A．David Kisor. B．Joe McDonough.
C．Nathan Turner. D．Robbie McMath.
答案与解析：A　理解具体信息。根据题干中的关键信息“music for ‘Tom Sawyer: A River Adventure’”可将答案定位至文章第二段中的“with music by David Kisor”，故选A项。
2．What can we learn about the two actors
A．They study in the same school.
B．They worked together in “Ragtime”．
C．They are experienced on stage.
D．They became friends ten years ago.
答案与解析：C　推断。根据题干中的关键信息“the two actors”可将答案定位在第四段和第五段。根据第四段中的“a familiar presence on Cincinnati's stages”“having played leading roles...”可知， Turner是舞台上的熟面孔，而且已经在其他剧中担任过主角。第五段中提到“a Children's Theatre regular, with five shows to his credit”，即McMath是儿童剧院的主演，并且已经完成了五场演出。由此可推出，他们二人在舞台上都很有经验，故选C项。
3．What does Children's Theatre provide for teachers
A.Research funding. B．Training opportunities.
C.Technical support. D．Educational resources.
答案与解析：D　理解具体信息。根据最后一段中的“Note to teachers: Children's Theatre has a study guide demonstrating how math and science can be taught through ‘Tom Sawyer’”可知，给老师们的提示：儿童剧院有一份学习指南，展示了如何通过这部戏剧教授数学和科学，也就是儿童剧院可以为老师提供教育资源，故选D项。A项“研究经费”；B项“培训机会”；C项“技术支持”。
B
2023·全国乙卷 记叙文 293词 ★★★☆☆
Living in Iowa and trying to become a photographer specializing in landscape (风景) can be quite a challenge, mainly because the corn state lacks geographical variation.
Although landscapes in the Midwest tend to be quite similar, either farm fields or highways, sometimes I find distinctive character in the hills or lakes. To make some of my landscape shots, I have traveled up to four hours away to shoot within a 10 minute time frame. I tend to travel with a few of my friends to state parks or to the countryside to go on adventures and take photos along the way.
Being at the right place at the right time is decisive in any style of photography. I often leave early to seek the right destinations so I can set up early to avoid missing the moment I am attempting to photograph. I have missed plenty of beautiful sunsets/sunrises due to being on the spot only five minutes before the best moment.
One time my friends and I drove three hours to Devil's Lake, Wisconsin, to climb the purple quartz (石英) rock around the lake. After we found a crazy looking road that hung over a bunch of rocks, we decided to photograph the scene at sunset. The position enabled us to look over the lake with the sunset in the background. We managed to leave this spot to climb higher because of the spare time until sunset. However, we did not mark the route (路线) so we ended up almost missing the sunset entirely. Once we found the place, it was stressful getting lights and cameras set up in the limited time. Still, looking back on the photos, they are some of my best shots though they could have been so much better if I would have been prepared and managed my time wisely.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者作为一名风景摄影师，在摄影途中发生的一些所见所闻。
4．How does the author deal with the challenge as a landscape photographer in the Midwest
A．By teaming up with other photographers.
B．By shooting in the countryside or state parks.
C．By studying the geographical conditions.
D．By creating settings in the corn fields.
答案与解析：B　细节理解题。通过文章第二段“I tend to travel with a few of my friends to state parks or to the countryside to go on adventures and take photos along the way. (我倾向于和几个朋友一起去州立公园或乡村探险，沿途拍照)”可知，作为一名中西部的风景摄影师，作者用探险的方式是去乡村或州立公园拍摄。故选B。
5．What is the key to successful landscape photography according to the author
A．Proper time management.
B．Good shooting techniques.
C．Adventurous spirit.
D．Distinctive styles.
答案与解析：A　推理判断题。通过文章最后一段“Still, looking back on the photos, they are some of my best shots though they could have been so much better if I would have been prepared and managed my time wisely. (尽管如此，回顾这些照片，它们仍然是我最好的一些照片，尽管如果我能明智地准备和管理我的时间，它们本可以拍得更好)”可推知，作者认为，风景摄影成功的关键是适当的时间管理。故选A。
6．What can we infer from the author's trip with friends to Devil's Lake
A．They went crazy with the purple quartz rock.
B．They felt stressed while waiting for the sunset.
C.They reached the shooting spot later than expected.
D．They had problems with their equipment.
答案与解析：C　推理判断题。通过文章最后一段“However, we did not mark the route (路线) so we ended up almost missing the sunset entirely. (然而，我们没有标出路线，所以我们几乎完全错过了日落)”可推知，作者在与朋友的魔鬼湖之旅中，到达拍摄地点的时间比预期的要晚。故选C。
7．How does the author find his photos taken at Devil's Lake
A．Amusing. B．Satisfying.
C．Encouraging. D．Comforting.
答案与解析：B　推理判断题。通过文章最后一段“Still, looking back on the photos, they are some of my best shots though they could have been so much better if I would have been prepared and managed my time wisely. (尽管如此，回顾这些照片，它们仍然是我最好的一些照片，尽管如果我能明智地准备和管理我的时间，它们本可以拍得更好)”可推知，作者认为自己在魔鬼湖拍摄的照片是令人满意的。故选B。
黄金考点
语法填空——时态、语态
考点20 根据上下文时态确定时态
考例 True to a gorilla's unaggressive nature, the huge animal ________ (mean) me no real harm. He was just saying: “I'm king of this forest, and here is your reminder！”
点拨 根据上下文语境可知，此处描述的是过去发生的行为，要用一般过去时， 故填meant。
考点21 根据时间状语确定时态
考例 Since 2011, the country ________ (grow) more corn than rice.
点拨 根据时间状语“since 2011”可知，此处要用现在完成时，且主语为the country，故应填has grown。
考点22 根据语意、主谓关系确定语态
考例 The artist was sure he would ________ (choose).
点拨 句意：这位画家确信自己会被选中。空处是谓语动词，与主语he之间是被动关系。且情态动词would后跟动词原形。故填be chosen。练习29　语法填空＋七选五＋完形填空
授课提示：对应学生用书72页
　
Ⅰ.语法填空
2024·江苏三校调研测试 说明文 220词 ★★☆☆☆
China's online literature industry is making an increasing impact overseas—with some even 1.________ (say) that it can compare with U. S. and Korean films and TV shows. By the end of 2022, more than 16，000 Chinese online works of literature 2.________ (export) abroad, including over 6, 400 physical book authorizations and over 9, 600 3.________ (translate) online works.
Overseas readers of Chinese web novels exceeded 150 million in 2022, mainly Generation Z born during the late 1990s and early 2000s. Among 15 major 4.________ (category) , urban, western and eastern fantasy, gaming, and science fiction emerged as the five most popular types among overseas readers.
In June, Wang Xiang, 5.________ member of the online literature committee at the China Writers Association told domestic media Chinese web novels are often similar 6.________ Hollywood movies in terms of their storytelling methods and focus on superhuman abilities. “Chinese online literature has become a 7.________ (globe) cultural center compared with Hollywood movies in terms of 8.________ (it) reach and influence among the worldwide audience，” said Wang.
Last year, 16 Chinese online works of literature were included in the British Library's Chinese collection for the first time, all of 9.________ were first published on digital reading platform Qidian. According to data released by the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences in April, 10.________ the domestic online literature market earned amounted to 38.93 billion yuan in 2022, a year on year growth of 8.8%.
【语篇解读】　本文主要介绍了近年来，中国的网络文学在海外的影响越来越大。
1．答案与解析：saying　中国的网络文学产业在海外产生了越来越大的影响，甚至有人说它可以与美国和韩国的电影和电视节目相提并论。此处是 with复合结构，宾语为代词some，和动词say之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，空处应用动词 ing形式作宾补。故填saying。
2．答案与解析：had been exported　截至2022年底，中国网络文学作品出口海外1.6万多部，其中实体图书授权6 400多部，网络译著9 600多部。 空处在句中作谓语，根据时间状语“By the end of 2022”可知，空处应用过去完成时；“中国网络文学作品”是“被出口”，空处应用被动语态。故填had been exported。
3．答案与解析：translated　参见上题解析。第2空在句中作谓语，空处应用非谓语动词作前置定语，修饰空后的works, 动词translate与works之间是逻辑上的动宾关系 ，空处应用过去分词形式。故填translated。
4．答案与解析：categories　在15个主要类别中，都市小说、东西方奇幻小说、游戏小说、 科幻小说成为最受海外读者欢迎的5大类型。 category“类别，种类”为可数名词，空前有数词15修饰，空处应用复数形式。故填categories。
5．答案与解析：a　此处member是可数名词单数形式，根据语境，此处表示泛指，应用不定冠词，且member的发音以辅音音素开头。故填a。
6．答案与解析：to　be similar to为固定搭配，表示“和……相似”。故填to。
7．答案与解析：global　此处表示“与好莱坞电影相比，中国网络文学就它在全球观众中的影响范围和影响力而言，已经成为一个全球文化中心”。 空处用形容词global“全球的，全世界的”作定语，修饰cultural center。故填global。
8．答案与解析：its　参见上题解析。空后的reach作名词，表示“波及范围，影响范围”。“reach and influence”和 it是所属关系，空处应用形容词性物主代词its。故填its。
9．答案与解析：which　去年，16部中国网络文学作品首次被收录至大英图书馆的中文馆藏书目中，所有这些作品被首次发表在数字阅读平台起点上。此处是“代词＋of＋ which/whom”引导的非限制性定语从句，空处指代先行词“16 Chinese online works of literature”，先行词指物，故填which。
10．答案与解析：what　根据中国社会科学院4月份发布的数据，2022年国内网络文学市场收入共计389.3亿元，同比增长8.8%。分析句子结构可知，主句的谓语是amounted to，谓语前的部分是主语从句。空处引导主语从句， 从句的谓语是earned，空处作earned的宾语，根据语境，此处表示事物，应用what引导该主语从句。 故填what。
Ⅱ.七选五
2024·福州市质检 说明文 320词 ★★☆☆☆
It's always exciting to begin a new job. But among the frenzy(极度激动)of meeting new colleagues, starting new projects, and building new skills, there can be a stressful pressure to succeed. A big part of your success is determined by how quickly you are able to digest lots of information, which can be very hard. __1__.
*Manage yourself
When you notice information overload, don't ignore it and don't panic. Say to yourself, “I'm in a new job and there is plenty to learn here. It's okay to feel this way.”__2__. Remember that emotions can help you better understand yourself and your values.
*Sort your information
__3__． It keeps what it needs more immediately in our short term memory, and it mixes together information we may need to use in the future to store in our long term memory. For the information that's not needed, our brain acts like a garbage management, recycling and deleting it.
*__4__
Organizations often have digital knowledge management systems to store and take important information. You can do the same to reduce brain burden. I recommend creating a Word document in which you write down information that your brain doesn't need to remember or store.
*Reduce task switching
Multitasking isn't good for you physically or mentally and is worse for your productivity and cognition (认知). __5__. You can go for longer than that, but be sure to take a break. Focused activity is less taxing than multitasking, but you can't keep working endlessly.
A．Respond positively
B．Use technology to help
C.That problem is much easier to understand and solve
D.Here are some methods to deal with the information overload
E．For greater results, focus on one task for around 25 minutes
F．Our brain is like a clever piece of equipment that “takes in information”
G.This self talk helps normalize the situation and makes the emotions easier to handle
【语篇解读】　本文主要对职场新人应对信息过载的情况给出了四条建议。
1．答案与解析：D　分析文章结构并结合本空的位置可知，本空主要起到了引出下文的作用，且一般是对下文小标题的高度概括，故D项“以下是应对信息过载的一些方法”符合语境。
2．答案与解析：G　分析语境寻线索：空后一句讲到了“Remember that emotions can”，因此，空处承上启下，应该也会讲到情绪→对比选项定答案：G项中This self talk呼应上一句中的Say to yourself及其内容，而“makes the emotions easier to handle”引出下文，符合语境。
3．答案与解析：F　根据空后的“It keeps what it needs more immediately in our short term memory”可知，It指代某种存储信息的东西，结合常识可知，存储信息的东西指的是大脑，故F项符合语境。
4．答案与解析：B　本空考查主旨句。根据本段中讲到的“digital knowledge management systems...a Word document”可知，本段主要讲到了可以使用电子设备来帮助处理信息，故B项“用技术帮忙”适合作本段的主旨句。
5．答案与解析：E　根据空后的“You can go for longer than that, but be sure to take a break”可知，空处讲到的应该是和时间相关的内容，故E项“为了更好的结果，专注于一项任务的时间大约在25分钟”符合语境。
Ⅲ.完形填空
2020·新高考Ⅰ卷 记叙文 298词 ★★☆☆☆
Molai grew up in a tiny village in India. The village lay near some wetlands which became his second __1__. He learned the value and beauty of __2__ there from a very young age.
When he was 16, Molai began to notice something __3__ happening around his home. A flood had hit the area earlier that year and the __4__ it caused had driven away a number of birds. __5__， the number of snakes had declined as well. He __6__ that it was because there weren't enough trees to protect them from the __7__. The solution, of course, was to plant trees so the animals could seek __8__ during the daytime. He turned to the __9__ department for help but was told that nothing would grow there. However, Molai went looking on his own and __10__ a nearby island where he began to plant trees.
__11__ young plants in the dry season was __12__ for a lone boy. Molai built at the __13__ of each sapling (幼树) a bamboo platform, where he placed earthen pots with small holes to __14__ rainwater. The water would then drip (滴落) on the plants below.
Molai __15__ to plant trees for the next 37 years. His efforts have resulted in 1，360 acres of naturally grown land that has become home to many plants and animals.
【语篇解读】　本文是记叙文。主题语境是人与自然——环境保护。一场水灾使一片有着鸟语花香的湿地变得荒芜，莫莱用了37年的时间植树造林，使这里重新成为动植物的家园。本文旨在培养学生的环保意识。
1．A.dream B．job
C．home D．choice
答案与解析：C　考查名词。莫莱在印度的一个小村庄长大，这个村庄坐落在一些湿地附近，那里成为他的第二个家园(home)。A：梦，梦想；B：工作；D：选择。
2．A.nature B．youth
C．culture D．knowledge
答案与解析：A　考查名词。句意：他很小就认识到了那里大自然(nature)的价值和美丽。B：青年，青春；C：文化；D：知识。
3．A.precious B．interesting
C．disturbing D．awkward
答案与解析：C　考查形容词。句意：当他16岁的时候，莫莱开始注意到他家的周围发生了一些令人不安的(disturbing)事情。由下文可知，洪水破坏了此地的自然环境，使动物在湿地上无法生存，所以令人不安。A：宝贵的；B：有趣的；D：令人尴尬的，笨拙的。
4．A.waste B．tension
C．pain D．damage
答案与解析：D　考查名词。句意：那年早些时候，一场洪水袭击了该地区，造成的破坏(damage)使许多鸟类被迫离开。A：废物；B：紧张；C：痛苦。
5．A.Besides B．However
C．Therefore D．Otherwise
答案与解析：A　考查副词。句意：此外(besides)，蛇的数量也下降了。B：然而；C：所以；D：否则。
6．A.agreed B．realized
C．remembered D．predicted
答案与解析：B　考查动词。句意：他意识到(realize)这是因为没有足够的树木来保护它们免受高温。A：同意；C：记得，记住；D：预料。
7．A.noise B．heat
C．disease D．dust
答案与解析：B　考查名词。句意：他意识到这是因为没有足够的树木来保护它们免受高温(heat)。由上文可知水灾破坏了湿地的植被，毁坏了湿地的自然环境，使动物在白天因为太热无处藏身。A：噪音；C：疾病；D：灰尘。
8．A.directions B．partners
C．help D．shelter
答案与解析：D　考查名词。句意：当然，解决办法是种树，以便这些动物可以在白天寻求庇护(shelter)。A：方向；B：伙伴，搭档；C：帮助。
9．A.labor B．police
C．forest D．finance
答案与解析：C　考查名词。句意：他向森林(forest)部门寻求帮助，但被告知那里什么都不会生长。A：劳动；B：警察；D：金融。
10．A.rebuilt B．discovered
C．left D．managed
答案与解析：B　考查动词。句意：然而，莫莱独自去看了看，发现(discover)了附近的一个岛屿，在那里他开始种树。A：重建；C：离开，剩下；D：经营，管理。
11．A.Decorating B．Observing
C．Watering D．Guarding
答案与解析：C　考查非谓语动词。句意：在旱季浇灌(watering)幼小的植物对一个孤单的男孩来说是艰难的。A：装饰，点缀；B：观察，遵守；D：保卫，守护。
12．A.tough B．illegal
C．fantastic D．beneficial
答案与解析：A　考查形容词。句意：在旱季浇灌幼小的植物对一个孤单的男孩来说是艰难的(tough)。B：违法的；C：极好的，怪诞的；D：有益的。
13．A.back B．top
C．foot D．side
答案与解析：B　考查名词。句意：莫莱在每棵幼树的顶部(top)建造了一个竹子平台，在那里他放置了带有小孔的陶罐来收集雨水。A：背面，后面；C：底部；D：侧面。
14．A.cool down B．keep off
C．purify D．collect
答案与解析：D　考查动词及动词短语。句意：莫莱在每棵幼树的顶部建造了一个竹子平台，在那里他放置了带有小孔的陶罐来收集(collect)雨水。A：变凉；B：不接近；C：使纯净，净化。
15．A.returned B．learned
C．failed D．continued
答案与解析：D　考查动词。莫莱在接下来的37年里继续(continue)植树，他的努力已经使得1，360英亩自然生长的土地成为许多植物和动物的家园。A：回来；B：学习；C：衰退，失败。
黄金考点
语法填空——非谓语动词
考点42 不能把不定式符号to误用作介词
考例 As a kid, I loved to watch cartoons, but no matter how many times I asked ________ (watch) them, my parents would not let me.
点拨 ask to do sth.“请求去做某事”，此处是不定式， 故应填to watch。
考点43 注意不定式符号to的遗漏
考例 I tell my mom that if we're forced ________ (eat) things, we may become ill.
点拨 force sb. to do sth. “强迫某人去做某事”，为固定搭配，其被动形式为(sb.) be forced to do sth.，故应填to eat。练习54　语法填空＋阅读理解＋应用文写作
授课提示：对应学生用书135页
　
Ⅰ.语法填空
2024·广东广州调研 说明文 225词 ★★★★☆
Recently, Guangzhou has successfully hosted the 2023 Understanding China Conference, the 5th World Media Summit, and other significant events, once again highlighting its role as 1.________ window for the world to comprehend China's high quality development. So, 2.________ Guangzhou Let's find out.
3．________ (gain) a deeper understanding of China, one must experience its history and culture. With a history of over 2，000 years and a rich cultural heritage, Guangzhou offers a variety of historical and cultural 4.________ (treasure). In this city, you can sip (呷) a cup of coffee while watching Cantonese opera in Yongqingfang or taste Cantonese dim sum (点心) while gazing at Western style architecture on Shamian Island.
The economy is another crucial aspect in understanding China. In recent years, Guangzhou has 5.________ (active) participated in the Belt and Road international cooperation, gradually 6.________ (establish) an all round, multi level, and wide ranging pattern of opening up. As a thousand year old commercial city known for the Canton Fair, Guangzhou has drawn 7.________ (globe) attention with its open genes and prosperous economy.
Connecting with the world also requires a highly 8.________ (develop) transportation network. Guangzhou has constructed a modern three dimensional transportation system that links airports, seaports, railway ports, and digital ports, providing easy access 9.________ both domestic and foreign participants.
Guangzhou's openness, inclusiveness, vitality, and innovative spirit make it an ideal choice for hosting international events, which, in turn, 10.________ (help) the economic and social development of the city.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了广州之所以可以举办如此多的国际性会议和活动的原因。
1．答案与解析：a　分析句子结构可知，空处限定可数名词window，应用冠词。结合句意“近日，广州成功举办了2023年‘读懂中国’国际会议、第五届世界媒体峰会和其他重大活动，再次凸显了其作为世界了解中国高质量发展的窗口的作用”可知，此处表泛指概念，window的发音以辅音音素开头，所以空处填a。
2．答案与解析：why　根据空后的“Let's find out”(让我们一探究竟)可知，此处询问“为什么是广州呢？”，所以空处填why。
3．答案与解析：To gain　分析句子结构可知，本句的谓语是must experience，空处在此处作非谓语。结合句意“为了获得对中国更深入的了解，人们必须体验中国的历史和文化”可知，此处构成非谓语动词短语作目的状语，应用动词不定式。由于空处位于句首，首字母需要大写，所以空处填To gain。
4．答案与解析：treasures　treasure在此意为“极贵重的物品，珍宝，宝物，珍品”，是可数名词。根据空前的“a variety of”(各种各样的)可知，空处应用名词复数形式，所以空处填treasures。
5．答案与解析：actively　分析句子结构可知，空处修饰后面的动词participated，应用副词，所以空处填actively。
6．答案与解析：establishing　分析句子结构可知，空处在此作非谓语，此处构成非谓语动词短语作状语，表示自然而然的结果，故空处填现在分词establishing。句意：近年来，广州积极参与“一带一路”国际合作，逐步建立了全方位、多层次、宽领域的开放模式。
7．答案与解析：global　分析句子结构可知，空处修饰后面的名词attention，应用形容词，所以空处填global。
8．答案与解析：developed　分析句子结构可知，空处修饰后面的名词词组transportation network，应用形容词。结合句意“与世界连接还需要高度发达的交通网络”可知，空处填developed“发达的”。本题结合常识和空后的“a modern three dimensional transportation system that links airports, seaports, railway ports, and digital ports”也可以判断，空处所填词的意思是“发达的”。
9．答案与解析：for　结合语境“为国内外参与者提供了便利的途径”可知，空处填for。此处是“provide sth. for sb.”结构。
10．答案与解析：helps/will help　分析句子结构可知，空处作which引导的非限制性定语从句的谓语。此处可理解为描述客观事实，时态用一般现在时；which指代前面的整个句子，表示单数概念，且在从句中作主语，所以空处填helps。此处也可以理解为广州是举办国际盛事的理想地点这件事也对该城市未来的经济和社会发展有帮助，故时态也可以用一般将来时，填will help。
Ⅱ.阅读理解
A
2022·全国乙卷 应用文 276词 ★★★★☆
Henry Raeburn (1756－1823)
The Exhibition
This exhibition of some sixty masterpieces celebrating the life and work of Scotland's best loved painter, Sir Henry Raeburn, comes to London. Selected from collections throughout the world, it is the first major exhibition of his work to be held in over forty years.
Lecture Series
Scottish National Portrait (肖像画) Gallery presents a series of lectures for the general public.
They are held in the Lecture Room. Admission to lectures is free.
An Introduction to Raeburn Sunday 26 Oct., 15：00 DUNCAN THOMSON Raeburn's English Contemporaries Thursday 30 Oct., 13：10 JUDY EGERTON
Characters and Characterisation in Raeburn's Portraits Thursday 6 Nov., 13：10 NICHOLAS PHILLIPSON Raeburn and Artist's Training in the 18th Century Thursday 13 Nov., 13：10 MARTIN POSTLE
Exhibition Times
Monday Saturday 10.00 17.45　Sunday 12.00 17.45
Last admission to the exhibition: 17.15. There is no re admission.
Closed: 24 26 December and 1 January.
Admission
￡4. Children under 12 years accompanied by an adult are admitted free.
Schools and Colleges
A special low entrance charge of ￡2 per person is available to all in full time education, up to and including those at first degree level, in organised groups with teachers.
【语篇解读】　这是一篇应用文。主要介绍了为纪念苏格兰最受欢迎的画家亨利·雷伯恩爵士进行的展览的相关情况。
1．What is the right time for attending Raeburn's English Contemporaries
A.Sun. 26 Oct. B．Thurs. 30 Oct.
C.Thurs. 6 Nov. D．Thurs. 13 Nov.
答案与解析：B　细节理解题。根据表格右上角Raeburn's English Contemporaries部分“Thursday 30 Oct. (10月30日星期四)”可知，在10月30日星期四可以去参加Raeburn's English Contemporaries。故选B项。
2．How much would a couple with two children under 12 pay for admission
A.￡4. B．￡8.
C.￡12. D．￡16.
答案与解析：B　细节理解题。根据Admission部分“￡4. Children under 12 years accompanied by an adult are admitted free.(4英镑。12岁以下儿童在一位成人陪同下免费入场。)”可知，一对夫妇应付4＋4＝8英镑，两个12岁以下的儿童在成人陪同下免费，即入场费为8英镑。故选B项。
3．How can full time students get group discounts
A.They should go on Sunday mornings.
B.They should come from art schools.
C.They must be led by teachers.
D.They must have ID cards with them.
答案与解析：C　细节理解题。根据最后一段“A special low entrance charge of ￡2 per person is available to all in full time education, up to and including those at first degree level, in organised groups with teachers.(所有全日制教育的学生，高至并包括那些学士学位水平的学生，在有教师的组织团体中，均可享受每人2英镑的特别低入场费。)”可知，全日制学生在有教师的组织团体中，可以获得折扣，即他们必须由教师带领。故选C项。
B
2024·东北三省质检Ⅱ 说明文 324词 ★★★★☆
SWOT satellite is scheduled to be launched on Thursday morning to conduct a comprehensive survey of Earth's vital__resource. By using advanced microwave radar technology it will collect height surface measurements of oceans, lakes and rivers in high definition detail over 90% of the globe. It's really the first time to observe nearly all water on the planet's surface.
The major mission is to explore how oceans adjust climate change by absorbing atmospheric heat and carbon dioxide in a natural process. Oceans are estimated to have absorbed more than 90% of the extra heat trapped in the Earth's atmosphere by human caused greenhouse gases. SWOT will scan the seas and precisely measure fine differences in surface elevations (高度) around smaller currents and eddies (涡流), where much of the oceans' decrease of heat and carbon is believed to occur. “Studying the mechanism will help climate scientists answer a key question: What the turning point is at which oceans start releasing, rather than absorbing, huge amounts of heat back into the atmosphere and speed up global warming, rather than limiting it，” said Nadya Shiffer, SWOT's program scientist.
By comparison, earlier studies of water bodies relied on data of rivers or oceans taken at specific points, or from satellites that can only track measurements along a one dimensional line, requiring scientists to fill in data gaps through extrapolation (外推法). Thanks to the radar instrument, SWOT can scan through cloud cover and darkness over wide ranges of the Earth. This enables scientists to accurately map their observations in two dimensions regardless of weather or the time of day and to cover large geographic areas far more quickly than was previously possible.
“Rather than giving us a line of elevations, it's giving us a map of elevations, and that's just a total gamechanger，” said Tamlin Pavelsky, SWOT's freshwater science leader.
【语篇解读】　科学家通过利用SWOT将收集全球90%以上的海洋、湖泊和河流的高度表面测量数据，这是第一次对地球表面几乎所有的水资源进行测量。
4．What do the underlined words “vital resource” in the first paragraph refer to
A．Technology. B．Climate.
C．Oceans. D．Water.
答案与解析：D　理解词汇。根据画线词所在句可知，发射人造卫星SWOT是为了对地球上的重要资源进行测量。再根据第一段的最后一句“It's really the first time to observe nearly all water on the planet's surface”可知，这是第一次对地球表面几乎所有的水资源进行测量。由此可知，这个重要的资源指的是水。故D项正确。
5．What is the major mission of SWOT satellite
A．To identify when global warming is worsened.
B．To explore where oceans absorb heat and CO2.
C．To study how oceans influence climate change.
D．To explain why greenhouse gases come into being.
答案与解析：C　理解具体信息。根据第二段中的“The major mission is to explore how oceans adjust climate change by absorbing atmospheric heat and carbon dioxide in a natural process”可知，SWOT的主要任务是探究海洋如何在自然过程中通过吸收大气热量和二氧化碳来调节气候变化。故C项“为了研究海洋如何影响气候变化”正确。
6．What makes it possible for SWOT to measure precisely
A．The high definition computer.
B．Advanced radar technology.
C．The three dimensional image.
D．An accurate map of elevations.
答案与解析：B　理解具体信息。根据第三段中的“Thanks to the radar instrument... This enables scientists to accurately map their observations...than was previously possible”可知，多亏了这个雷达仪器，不管什么天气或什么时间，科学家都能够准确地绘制他们的二维观测图，并且比以前更快地覆盖大面积的地理区域。故B项正确。
7．Which can be the best title for the text
A．A Solution to Climate Change
B．A Breakthrough in Space Travel
C．The Successful Launch of SWOT Satellite
D．The First Global Water Survey from Space
答案与解析：D　理解文章主旨要义。通读全文可知，本文第一段点明文章主题，即利用人造卫星SWOT，科学家第一次对全球水资源进行全面的测量；第二段主要介绍了SWOT的主要任务是探究海洋如何在自然过程中通过吸收大气热量和二氧化碳来调节气候变化；第三和第四段主要介绍了与之前研究依靠的数据和人造卫星相比，SWOT给科学家带来的突破和具有的优势。故D项作本文的标题最佳。
Ⅲ.应用文写作
[2024·济南市高三模拟]假定你是校学生会主席李华，时值春暖花开，万物复苏，请你围绕“走进春天，锻炼身体”这一主题，在校英文报上发一封倡议书，要点如下：
1．倡议的目的；
2．具体内容；
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear friends，
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
The Students' Union
One possible version：
Dear friends，
Spring has come! Flowers blossom and everything is coming back to life. It is high time that we embraced the bright spring and built up our body (虚拟语气). So it is strongly advocated that we go outdoors and take exercise regularly (主语从句，it作形式主语).
First, we are supposed to do more sports daily, which is definitely beneficial to our immune system (非限制性定语从句). We can play ball games, jog or take a walk after school. Besides, at weekends, it is a good choice to go hiking with our friends or family.
Let's act together now to strengthen our physical health and create a better life.
The Students' Union练习36　语法填空＋阅读理解＋应用文写作
授课提示：对应学生用书90页
　
Ⅰ.语法填空
2024·广东东莞联考 说明文 220词 ★★★☆☆
The Changxin Palace Lamp from over 2000 years ago is most likely the oldest eco friendly light in the world, which is 1.________ invaluable treasure considered as “the first lamp of China”．
The gold plated bronze lamp bears the shape of a maid (宫女) on her knees 2.________ (hold) a lamp. The lamp plate is on her left hand, while the right hand, covered by her sleeve, 3.________ (carry) the lampshade. The brightness of the lamp and direction of the light can be adjusted with a handle which controls two moveable shades.
4．________ (amazing), the lamp makes use of the siphon principle (虹吸原理), with the ash flowing through the maid's right arm into her body 5.________ the water is stored. Such unique design can reduce dust and prevent the lamp 6.________ polluting the indoor air. Apart from that, the six component lamp can all be taken apart and it is easy 7.________ (clean).
The 2022 Beijing Winter Olympic Flame Lantern 8.________ (inspire) by the Changxin Palace Lamp. It used transparent double glass and a hidden channel to reduce carbon deposition (沉积物), which was a perfect 9.________ (combine) of green initiative and the Olympic spirit.
The delicate Changxin Palace Lamp provided an insight into China's glorious past, displaying the wisdom of ancient Chinese craftsmen, as well as China's remarkable 10.________ (achievement) in science and technology over 2，000 years ago.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了被誉为“中华第一灯”的长信宫灯。
1．答案与解析：an　两千多年前的长信宫灯很可能是世界上最古老的环保灯，是一件被誉为“中华第一灯”的极有价值的珍宝。treasure“珍宝，珍品”是可数名词，其前无限定词，空处应用不定冠词，泛指“一件极有价值的珍宝”，且invaluable的发音以元音音素开头。故填an。
2．答案与解析：holding　这盏镀金的青铜灯的形状是一个跪在地上拿着灯的宫女。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词bears，空处应用非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰maid，maid和动词hold之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，应用动词 ing形式。故填holding。
3．答案与解析：carries　灯盘在她的左手上，而右手被她的袖子遮住，拿着灯罩。分析句子结构可知，并列连词while连接两个分句，空处在第二个分句中作谓语。根据上文中的“bears”和“is”可知，此处承接上文，继续描写宫灯的具体形态，属于客观事实，应用一般现在时，且主语是“the right hand”，空处应用单数形式。故填carries。
4．答案与解析：Amazingly　令人惊奇的是，这盏灯利用了虹吸原理，灰烬从宫女的右臂流入她的身体，在那里储存着水。分析句子结构可知，空处应用副词作状语，修饰整个句子。故填Amazingly。
5．答案与解析：where　参见上题解析。分析结构可知，“with the ash... is stored”为“with的复合结构”作状语，空处引导定语从句，先行词是her body，表示抽象的地点，空处在从句中作地点状语，故填where。
6．答案与解析：from　这种独特的设计可以减少灰尘，从而防止灯污染室内空气。prevent sth. from doing sth.表示“阻止某物做某事”，为固定用法。故填from。
7．答案与解析：to clean　除此之外，灯的六组构件可以拆卸，很容易清洗。分析句子结构可知，此处为“it is＋adj.＋to do sth.”结构，其中it作形式主语，动词不定式是真正的主语。故填to clean。
8．答案与解析：was inspired　2022年北京冬奥会火种灯的灵感来自长信宫灯。空处在句中作谓语，根据空前的2022可知，此处描述过去的事情，应用一般过去时；主语“The 2022 Beijing Winter Olympic Flame Lantern”和动词inspire之间是被动关系，应用被动语态；且主语是专有名词单数形式，空处应用单数形式。故填was inspired。
9．答案与解析：combination　它使用了透明的双层玻璃和一个隐藏的通道来减少碳沉积物，这是绿色倡议和奥林匹克精神的完美结合。根据空前的“a perfect”可知，空处应用名词单数形式，combine的名词形式是combination。故填combination。
10．答案与解析：achievements　精致的长信宫灯体现了中国辉煌的过去，展示了中国古代工匠的智慧，以及两千多年前中国在科学技术方面取得的卓越成就。名词achievement，表示“成绩，成就”，为可数名词。根据语境可知，中国在科学技术方面取得的卓越成就不止一件，空处应用名词的复数形式，故填achievements。
Ⅱ.阅读理解
A
2024·武汉市调研 应用文 206词 ★★★☆☆
Ben Miller is a British actor, as well as a productive writer for children. Here, he shares his favorite books.
King Arthur and His Knights of the Round Table by Roger Lancelyn Green
I loved reading when I was little. My parents were both English teachers, and our home was full of books. Dickens was a family favorite. But the book that really fired my imagination was King Arthur and His Knights of the Round Table by Roger Lancelyn Green.
Buy__King__Arthur__and__His__Knights__of__the__Round__Table__here
The Diary of a Nobody by George and Weedon Grossmith
I'm a fool for a classic, and I'm so glad I finally managed to finish The Diary of a Nobody by George and Weedon Grossmith. Put simply, it's the funniest book I've ever read, with text by George and illustrations by Weedon.
Buy__The__Diary__of__a__Nobody__here
Exhalation by Ted Chiang
It's never too late to have your life changed by a book, and it happened to me again recently when I read Ted Chiang's collection Exhalation. Story of Your Life, one of his best in it, inspired the alien visitation sci fi classic Arrival. I love that too, but each and every piece in Exhalation is its match in imagination.
Buy__Exhalation__here
Ben Miller's new book The Night We Got Stuck in a Story is available now.
*This post contains some links, so we may earn a small amount of money when you make a purchase through links on our site at no additional cost to you.
1．Who wrote the book Ben Miller considers the most amusing
A.Dickens.
B．Roger Lancelyn Green.
C．Ted Chiang.
D．George and Weedon Grossmith.
答案与解析：D　理解具体信息。根据The Diary of a Nobody by George and Weedon Grossmith中的“it's the funniest book I've ever read”可知，本·米勒认为乔治·格罗史密斯和威登·格罗史密斯著的《小人物日记》最有趣，故选D。文中的funniest与题干中的the most amusing意义一致。
2．Which category does the book Exhalation most likely fall in
A．The fairy tale. B．Poetry.
C．Science fiction. D．The comic.
答案与解析：C　推断。明题意：本题问“《呼吸》这本书最可能属于哪一类？”→寻线索：根据Exhalation by Ted Chiang部分中的“Story of Your Life...but each and every piece in Exhalation is its match in imagination”可知，小说《你一生的故事》是科幻电影《降临》的原著，而《呼吸》中的每一个作品都不逊色于它的想象力→定答案：由此可推断，《呼吸》这部著作应归类到科幻小说当中，故选C。
3．What's the main purpose of the text
A．To advertise some books.
B．To attract new subscriptions.
C．To recommend a famous actor.
D．To share Miller's reading habits.
答案与解析：A　理解目的。根据文中的“Buy__King__Arthur__and__His__Knights__of__the__Round__Table__here”“Buy__The__Diary__of__a__Nobody__here”“Buy__Exhalation__here”以及“This post contains some links...links on our site at no additional cost to you”可知，这篇文章的目的是给书做广告，故选A。
B
2024·武汉市调研 说明文 349词 ★★★☆☆
It is reported that rail industry bosses are planning to phase out paper train tickets and shut almost 1，000 station ticket offices in England. The government says nothing has been decided. But the transport secretary, Grant Shapps, points out some stations sell only a handful of tickets each week and the vast majority of transactions (交易) have moved online.
Regardless of the outcome of the plan, the direction of travel is clear. In the name of modernization and cost cutting, station ticket offices are likely to follow many high street bank branches and rural post offices into memory. For those who have grown used to the advantages of organizing travel via a smartphone, there will be little to mourn (哀悼). But for people without online access or skills, another small social barrier will have emerged. A recent report estimated that around 6% of households—1.5 m homes—have no Internet access. Millions more of us remain irregular and unconfident users of the Internet. Most likely, as digital technology becomes the gatekeeper to everyday life, a significant minority risks being left behind.
The shift online is unavoidable, but its fallout needs to be managed with more care. Technology should not be allowed to drive people to the side of their own lives, which is increasingly the case. Ros Altmann, the former pensions minister, recently wrote of being contacted by an elderly woman who no longer drives to her local park, because she cannot download the car parking app required.
The debate over ticket offices offers an opportunity to reflect more broadly on the increasing role of technology in our social landscape. Clearly, much more needs to be invested in helping marginalized (边缘化的) groups gain easy online access. Alternative offline options must be maintained for important services. Contactable telephone numbers and staffed public access points should always be available. This will cost more. But that is the price of being fair to those who find themselves on the wrong side of the digital divide.
【语篇解读】　英格兰铁路公司打算逐步淘汰纸质火车票，将多数交易转移到互联网上。这说明由于技术的进步，人们的日常生活与互联网的关系更加密切，但在转变的过程中也要关注边缘化人群，否则将会有相当一部分人被抛在后面。
4．What forces the rail industry to phase out paper train tickets
A．Costs of Internet access.
B．Closure of station ticket offices.
C．A sharp decline of offline transactions.
D．The government's efforts to digitize the industry.
答案与解析：C　理解具体信息。根据第一段中的“some stations sell only a handful of tickets each week and the vast majority of transactions (交易) have moved online”可知，火车票的线下交易量大幅度下滑迫使铁路行业逐步淘汰纸质火车票，故选C。
5．Which of the following might fall victim to the plan
A．Rural post offices.
B．Irregular Internet users.
C．Unconfident households.
D．High street bank branches.
答案与解析：B　理解具体信息。明题意：本题问“下列哪一项可能成为该计划的牺牲品？”→寻线索：根据第二段中的“But for people without online access or skills, another small social barrier will have emerged”可知，对于没有网络接入或技能的人来说，取消纸质火车票将会出现障碍→定答案：综上可知，如果取消纸质火车票，那些不经常上网的人将成为牺牲品，故选B。
6．How does the author clarify his opinion in Paragraph 3
A.By giving an example.
B．By making a comparison.
C．By citing research data.
D．By offering statistical analysis.
答案与解析：A　理解文章结构。根据第三段内容尤其是最后一句话“Ros Altmann...who no longer drives to her local park, because she cannot download the car parking app required”可知，前养老金部长最近写道一位老妇人联系他并告诉他说自己不再开车去当地公园，因为她无法下载所需的停车应用程序。由此可推知，该段是以举例子的方式阐述作者的观点，故选A。
7．What does the author suggest in the last paragraph
A.Taking the digital divide fairly.
B．Maintaining a diversity of services.
C．Investing more in public transport.
D．Slowing down the pace of modernization.
答案与解析：B　推断。根据最后一段中的“much more needs to be invested...and staffed public access points should always be available”可知，作者建议需要投入更多资金帮助边缘化群体轻松上网；对于重要的服务，必须维护备选的离线选项；应始终提供可联系的电话号码和配备人员的公共接入点。总之，作者建议应保持服务的多样性，故选B。
Ⅲ.应用文写作
[2023·新课标Ⅱ卷]假定你是李华，外教Ryan准备将学生随机分为两人一组，让大家课后练习口语，你认为这样分组存在问题。请你给外教写一封邮件，内容包括：
1. 说明问题；
2. 提出建议。
注意：1.写作词数应为80个左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Ryan，
I'm Li Hua from Class 3.
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Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
One possible version：
Dear Ryan，
I'm Li Hua from Class 3. I think it's not a good idea to randomly pair up students for the spoken English training after class. The reasons are as follows.
To begin with, randomly pairing up students may lead to unbalanced language abilities within the groups. This can hinder the progress of students as the more advanced one may dominate the conversation, leaving little room for the other students to improve. Besides, students may feel uncomfortable or less motivated if paired with someone who they don't get along with or have difficulty communicating with.
My suggestion is to group students based on their language abilities or to let students choose their own partners. This way, everyone can feel more comfortable practicing and improving their spoken English together.
Thank you for considering my suggestion.
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua练习40　阅读理解＋读后续写
授课提示：对应学生用书100页
　
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
2024·济南市高三检测 说明文 258词 ★★★☆☆
The AIDA model is the foundation of modern marketing and advertising practice. It outlines the four basic steps used to persuade potentials to make a purchase. The first three steps lie in creating attention (A), decorating interest (I), and building desire (D) for the product, before the fourth step—the “call to action” (A)—tells them exactly how and where to buy. AIDA can channel the customer's feelings through each stage toward reaching a sale.
Attracting the customer's attention is the first challenge and this may be achieved by using an attracting phrase or picture. Once someone's attention has been clutched,__it must be turned into real interest. This is best done by providing a brief description of the product's benefits to the consumer rather than simply listing the product's main features or problem solving claims.
Now, it is time to transform that interest into a desire for a product or service. This is where consumers need to believe their lives could be better by possessing the product. It could be a vital step towards turning a potential into a real customer.
“Call to action” is where all of the initial hard work pays off and leads to the action from a potential customer. For example, they might pick up the phone to discuss the idea of a trial of the services or, alternatively, they may just buy that product or service that has been promoted to them all along.
And AIDA is used to great effect in the movie industry. Movie studios begin their marketing campaigns months in advance. The campaigns develop by offering attractive flashes of the movie without giving too much away. Desire is inspired by the release of the full preview which is fully designed to show the exciting moments of the movie, from special effects to humorous lines of dialogue on the opening weekend. Advertisements in newspapers and on television focus on the movie's release, inviting the consumer to go and buy a ticket.
【语篇解读】　本文主要介绍了现代市场营销和广告实践的基础——AIDA模式，重点介绍了该模式的运作原理。
1．What is the purpose of practising AIDA
A．To create jobs.
B．To increase sales.
C．To research markets.
D．To introduce products.
答案与解析：B　推断。根据第一段尾句“AIDA can channel...reaching a sale”可知，AIDA可以引导客户的感受通过每个阶段来达成销售。据此可推知，实践AIDA就是为了增加销售量。
2．What does the underlined word “clutched” mean in Paragraph 2
A．Seized. B．Freed.
C．Cheated. D．Affected.
答案与解析：A　理解词汇。根据第二段第一句“Attracting the customer's...phrase or picture”可知，吸引客户的注意力是第一个挑战，这可以通过使用一个吸引人的短语或图片来实现。据此可推知，画线词所在句表示“一旦某人的注意力被抓住了，就必须把它转化为真正的兴趣”，故画线词意为“抓住”，与A项的意思最为接近。
3．In which stage of the AIDA model may a customer call to try the service
A．Action. B．Interest.
C．Desire. D．Attention.
答案与解析：A　理解具体信息。明题意：本题问“在AIDA模式的哪一阶段，客户可能打电话来尝试服务？”→寻线索：根据第四段中的“‘Call to action’ is where all of the initial hard work pays off...the idea of a trial of the services”可知，“行动号召”是指所有最初的努力都得到了回报，并导致潜在客户采取行动。例如，他们可能会拿起电话讨论试用服务的想法→定答案：由此可知，在AIDA模式的行动阶段，客户可能打电话来尝试服务。
4．Why does the author mention the movie industry in the last paragraph
A．To design an AIDA model.
B．To display how AIDA works.
C．To show how to make a movie.
D．To advertise the movie industry.
答案与解析：B　推断。通读尾段可知，该段通过电影业使用AIDA模式取得成功来说明该模式的运作原理：电影公司会提前几个月开始营销活动，营销活动通过提供有吸引力的电影片段而不透露太多信息来开展，欲望被完整预览版的发布激发，该预览版旨在展示电影中激动人心的时刻，从特效到幽默的对白。报纸和电视上的广告关注电影的上映，邀请消费者去买票。故选B。
B
2024·济南市高三检测 议论文 349词 ★★★☆☆
According to a study done by University of Michigan, shopping to reduce stress was 40 times more effective at giving people a sense of control and shoppers were three times less sad than those only looking at items.
More than half of the 1，000 consumers surveyed by Credit Karma, head researcher of the study, said they have shopped to deal with feelings of stress or depression. About 48 percent of men and 31 percent of women who have stress shopping said they had purchased alcohol when stressed. About 82 percent of women spend on clothing compared to 52 percent of men. Women also lead shopping for jewellery, 42 percent, compared to 22 percent for men.
In some sense, stress shopping can actually help you live a healthier life by making sure that your blood pressure is lowered. The survey found 82 percent had only positive feelings about their purchases and that the positive mood was long lasting. However, stress shopping, for many, could grow into a drive that uses up money, causes conflict, and therefore adds great stress to life.
Despite the in time joy from purchases, stress shopping never proves a long lasting cure to stress or depression. Actually it needs to be avoided anyhow. Whether you're purchasing presents or buying groceries, having the items you need written down will provide you with brightness while shopping. Reward yourself for sticking to your list and you'll be more likely to commit to it.
In addition always think about what you struggle with most financially. Do you spend too much money at the mall Eating out Vacations Make a list of where your money is going and take necessary steps to resist your desire. For example, if you spend too much money on dining out on weekends, stuff your cupboard with food on Friday. So you'll be more likely to stay in and cook. And you need to give up the need to keep up with others. Everyone's financial situation is different and comparison may lead to debt and dissatisfaction with what you already have.
【语篇解读】　虽然压力购物可以降低血压，保持积极持久的情绪，但是压力购物可能会发展成一种消耗金钱、引起冲突的冲动，因此给生活增加了巨大的压力。
5．Why does the author mention those numbers in Paragraph 2
A．To support an idea.
B．To attract readers.
C．To call for actions.
D．To introduce a topic.
答案与解析：A　推断。通读第二段可知，研究员Credit Karma调查了1 000名消费者，其中超过一半的人表示，他们曾通过购物来应付压力或抑郁。大约48%的男性和31%的女性在压力下购物，他们说自己在压力下会买酒。大约82%的女性会在服装上花钱，而男性的这一比例为52%。女性购买珠宝的比例为42%，男性为22%。据此可推知，这些数字是为了说明很多人通过购物来应付压力。
6．Which of the following may help deal with stress shopping
A．Stimulating desires.
B．Recording spending.
C．Turning to medicines.
D．Comparing with others.
答案与解析：B　理解具体信息。根据第四段中的“Whether you're purchasing...brightness while shopping”可知，无论你是在买礼物还是买食品杂货，把你需要的东西写下来都会让你在购物时头脑清醒。据此可知，可以用记录支出的方法帮助应付压力购物。
7．What is the author's attitude to stress shopping
A．Unclear. B．Doubtful.
C．Objective. D．Negative.
答案与解析：D　理解观点、态度。根据第三段中的“However, stress shopping...stress to life”可知，对许多人来说，压力购物可能会发展成一种消耗金钱、引起冲突的冲动，因此给生活增加了巨大的压力。根据第四段中的“Despite the in time joy...stress or depression”可知，尽管购物能带来及时的快乐，但压力购物从来没有被证明是一种长期治愈压力或抑郁的方法。据此可推知，作者对于压力购物的态度是否定的。
8．What is a suitable title for the text
A．Does shopping benefit us
B．More stressed, women or men
C．Should we compare with others
D．Can stress shopping reduce stress
答案与解析：D　理解文章主旨要义。通读全文，尤其是第一段和第四段中的“Despite the in time...stress or depression”可知，密歇根大学的一项研究表明，通过购物来减压能给人40倍的控制感，购物的人比只看东西(不买)的人少三倍的悲伤。尽管购物能带来及时的快乐，但压力购物从来没有被证明是一种长期治愈压力或抑郁的方法。据此可知，本文主要讨论压力购物是否能减轻压力。
Ⅱ.读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
[2024·浙江杭州质检]My dad and I had been looking forward to the state cross country race of my senior year of high school, which would be the climax (顶点) of my existence.
I was the fastest runner on my team, and I was supposed to make it into the top fifteen. We had been working towards this race for three years. It was everything to me, and it was everything to my dad. He was a runner and was wild with joy by my success in running. He made it to every race, even flying home early from business trips to see me run. I always listened for his voice, which rang above the crowd—telling me to relax my arms, calling out my time. He pushed me. He cheered for me. He believed in me. We spent countless hours on the sandy canals of Arizona. Breathing in the dust of the desert, the smell of blossoms of the orange trees, and the terrible smell of the dairy farm, we made our way across the city. We pounded miles and miles into our running shoes, marking the path to greatness with every step. It was a journey that was just ours. A dream was passed on from one generation to the next.
Then the big day came. It was hotter than normal—too hot. My throat felt like a field of cotton, cracked with the summer heat, as I waited for the gun to fire. I gazed out at the crowd; dozens of familiar faces from school flickered across my view. They had come for me. They were counting on me. I saw my dad set his watch, worry and excitement etched across his face. With the sound of a gunshot, the race began.
For the first two and a half miles, I felt great.I had never before been so ready for something. The weeks leading up to the race were filled with hard practices and a strict diet. The scorching sun beat upon my back, blinding me with its brilliance. Nothing was going to stop me, though.
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
However, without warning, my strength was running out.
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I whispered, “I'm so sorry I disappointed you, Dad.”
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One possible version：
However, without warning, my strength was running out. My lungs fought to take in enough air, and my feet were transformed into cement bricks.Neck and neck with one of my greatest rivals, I could see the finish line. I had begun the final sprint into glory when my knees buckled.Nothing I could do would make my legs hold my weight. They were as weak as jelly. Even though I knew my dreams of victory had been destroyed, I had to finish the race. With all of the strength left in me, I got on my hands and knees and crawled, inch by inch, across the finish line. Shame pulsed through my veins as Dad squatted down and pulled me into his arms.
I whispered, “I'm so sorry I disappointed you, Dad.”He gave me a gentle smile and said, “You could never disappoint me. Sometimes these things just happen. All that matters is that you did your best.” Lifting my face, I saw my dad's eyes, in which I saw the sweat, the time, and the work we had put into our dream. The miles we had run together all for this race flashed across my mind .“But we worked so hard. What about our dream？” I asked. In that second, the world stood still. He reached over for my hand, holding back his own tears, and said, “Don't you know that you are my dream come true？”
答题策略
语法填空——形容词、副词
形容词、副词题的解题步骤
例题 It was the first class after the morning break, and we were all hanging around________ (excite), waiting for the art teacher to arrive.
步骤
① 分析所填词在句中所作成分(形容词可作定语、表语和补语；副词作状语)：此处所填词修饰句子谓语were hanging around，作状语，应用副词
② 结合句意确定使用何种形式的形容词、副词：根据句意可知，表示“兴奋地”，应填excitedly
答案,excitedly　修饰谓语动词hanging around作状语，应用其副词形式excitedly目录
练习1　单句语法填空＋阅读理解
练习2　单句语法填空＋七选五＋完形填空
练习3　单句语法填空＋阅读理解
练习4　单句语法填空＋阅读理解
练习5　单句语法填空＋七选五＋完形填空
练习6　单句语法填空＋阅读理解
练习7　单句语法填空＋阅读理解
练习8　单句语法填空＋七选五＋完形填空
练习9　单句语法填空＋阅读理解
练习10　单句语法填空＋阅读理解
练习11　七选五＋完形填空＋读后续写
练习12　阅读理解＋七选五＋应用文写作
练习13　阅读理解＋读后续写
练习14　七选五＋完形填空＋应用文写作
练习15　阅读理解＋应用文写作
练习16　阅读理解＋读后续写
练习17　七选五＋完形填空＋应用文写作
练习18　阅读理解＋读后续写
练习19　阅读理解＋读后续写
练习20　七选五＋完形填空＋读后续写
练习21　语法填空＋阅读理解
练习22　语法填空＋阅读理解
练习23　七选五＋完形填空
练习24　语法填空＋阅读理解＋应用文写作
练习25　阅读理解＋七选五
练习26　语法填空＋七选五＋完形填空
练习27　语法填空＋阅读理解
练习28　阅读理解＋完形填空
练习29　语法填空＋七选五＋完形填空
练习30　阅读理解＋应用文写作
练习31　语法填空＋阅读理解
练习32　语法填空＋七选五＋完形填空
练习33　阅读理解＋读后续写
练习34　语法填空＋阅读理解
练习35　七选五＋完形填空＋读后续写
练习36　语法填空＋阅读理解＋应用文写作
练习37　语法填空＋阅读理解
练习38　七选五＋完形填空＋应用文写作
练习39　语法填空＋阅读理解
练习40　阅读理解＋读后续写
练习41　语法填空＋七选五＋完形填空
练习42　语法填空＋阅读理解＋应用文写作
练习43　阅读理解＋应用文写作
练习44　语法填空＋七选五＋完形填空
练习45　阅读理解＋读后续写
练习46　语法填空＋阅读理解
练习47　语法填空＋七选五＋完形填空
练习48　阅读理解＋七选五＋应用文写作
练习49　语法填空＋阅读理解
练习50　七选五＋完形填空＋应用文写作
练习51　语法填空＋阅读理解
练习52　语法填空＋阅读理解
练习53　七选五＋完形填空＋应用文写作
练习54　语法填空＋阅读理解＋应用文写作
练习55　阅读理解＋读后续写
练习56　语法填空＋七选五＋完形填空
练习57　语法填空＋阅读理解
练习58　阅读理解＋读后续写
练习59　语法填空＋七选五＋完形填空
练习60　阅读理解＋读后续写
详解答案[单独成册]练习56　语法填空＋七选五＋完形填空
授课提示：对应学生用书141页
　
Ⅰ.语法填空
2024·福建省练习考 说明文 191词 ★★★☆☆
Primary schools now attach great importance to labor education, advocating students to do activities such as cooking, making handicrafts 1.________ decorating houses.
Xue Youmei, a Grade 3 student, spent the winter holiday in Guangxi. Everything about village life was novel to Xue who was used 2.________ urban life. Xue joined her family to work in a farm field planted with Chinese water chestnuts. Xue, 3.________ (wear) a pair of gloves, helped her father pick up water chestnuts in the field.
For Yang Liqiao, a Grade 6 student, the past winter holiday gave her 4.________ new identity—garbage sorting guide. Yang wore a volunteer's vest and recorded the situation of the garbage sorting work at her residential community. 5.________ (additional), Yang also invited her classmates to walk around the park nearby to pick up garbage on the ground. Yang's father observed that labor activities offered students a chance 6.________ (acquire) knowledge, which was not taught in class.
At the same time, some schools in China also assigned specialized homework during the winter vacation to let students enjoy play based learning. Some students 7.________ (ask) to cooperate with parents to decorate their homes with New Year 8.________ (painting). The task aimed to develop students' 9.________ (innovation) thinking. And some were required to collect physics related Chinese poems, make an 10.________ ( analyse ) and draw a conclusion.
【语篇解读】　本文列举了几位小学生的假期劳动情况，体现了中国对小学生的劳动教育的重视。
1．答案与解析：and　连词。做饭、做手工艺品、装饰屋子是并列关系，故用并列连词and。
2．答案与解析：to　介词。be used to为固定搭配，意为“习惯于……”。此处指习惯城市生活。
3．答案与解析：wearing　非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处在句中作非谓语，构成非谓语动词短语作状语。wear和主语Xue之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词短语作状语。
4．答案与解析：a　冠词。此处泛指“一个新的身份”，故用不定冠词；new的发音为辅音音素开头，故用a。
5．答案与解析：Additionally　副词。根据空处所在位置可知，空处修饰整个句子，故用副词形式。
6．答案与解析：to acquire　非谓语动词。根据名词chance可知，该处用动词不定式作后置定语，表示“获取知识的机会”。
7．答案与解析：were asked　动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。根据上句中的“during the winter vacation”可知，该处描述的是过去发生的事情，故用一般过去时；主语Some students是复数，和ask之间是被动关系，故填were asked。
8．答案与解析：paintings　名词复数。根据空前的“their homes”，再结合常识可知，该处指用年画装饰房间，装饰的年画有很多，故用复数形式。
9．答案与解析：innovative　形容词。空处修饰名词thinking，故用形容词形式。
10．答案与解析：analysis　名词。冠词后接名词。根据冠词an可知，该处用名词的单数形式。故填analysis。
Ⅱ.七选五
2021·全国甲卷 说明文 233词 ★★★★☆
Swap, Don't Shop!
You keep hearing about recycling, right But it doesn't end with bottles, cans, and paper. Clothing takes a huge amount of natural resources (资源) to make, and buying loads of new clothing (or throwing out old clothing) is not healthy for the environment. So what to do with all those perfectly good but you're maybe a little sick of them clothes piled on your bedroom floor __1__. It's the best way to get rid of your used clothes, score clothes from your friends, and have a party all at the same time.
A successful swap depends on the selection of clothes, the organization of the event, and, obviously, how much fun is had. It's really easy to do! Here are a few pointers.
Invite 5－10 people so you have a nice selection. __2__， and there may not be enough things to choose from; more than that, and it becomes uncontrollable.
__3__. They should also prepare plenty of reusable bags to carry their “new” clothes home.
Put different types of clothing on different surfaces in the room. __4__. Place a few mirrors around your room so people can see how things look when they try them on. One of the ground rules of the swap should be that everyone must try on the clothes before they take them—things always look different when you put them on.
Set a starting time. Maybe you say “go，” or turn on a certain song, or whatever. __5__. And don't forget to put out some cookies and fruits. Remember, it's a party!
A．Less people than that
B．Hold a clothing swap
C．If two people are competing
D．Just keep music playing throughout
E．Donate whatever clothes are left over
F．Have everyone put their clothes in the right spots
G．Tell everyone to bring clean clothes in good condition
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了如何举办服装交换派对活动来回收利用旧衣服，以达到保护环境的目的。
1．答案与解析：B　分析上下文语境可知，该空起承上启下的作用。空前提到该如何处理你不喜欢的衣服，空后提到舍弃你的旧衣服，从你朋友那里获得衣服。由此可知，空处应提出一种解决你不喜欢的衣服这一问题的方法。分析选项可知，B项“举办旧衣物交换活动”是对该问题的回答；而下一句中的代词It也指代B选项中的clothing swap。故B项正确。
2．答案与解析：A　分析本句的结构可知，后半句中的“more than that...”和空处所填应形成对比的关系；分析各选项可知，A项符合该处语境，且选项中的that与more than that中的that均指代该段首句中的Invite 5 10 people。故A项正确。
3．答案与解析：G　该空位于句首，应为段落的主旨句。且由下一句中的also一词可知，两句之间为递进关系，G选项中的bring与下一句“They should also prepare...”中的prepare相呼应，此段介绍参加服装交换派对活动的要求，即不仅要带来干净可穿的衣物，还要准备好装“新”衣物的环保袋。故G项正确。
4．答案与解析：F　由上下文语境可知，空处应是讲述交换衣服时所做的事情。F选项中put一词是前一句“Put different types of clothing on different surfaces in the room”的关键词复现，表明应把衣物摆放在合适的位置。故F项正确。
5．答案与解析：D　由空前一句中的“turn on a certain song，or whatever”和空后一句可知，D选项中的“全程播放音乐”与空后“准备一些饼干和水果”，都是为了给旧衣物交换派对活动增添乐趣。故D项正确。
Ⅲ.完形填空
2024·山东日照联考 记叙文 215词 ★★★☆☆
Ukrainian artist Olesya Galushcenko is an engineer who got into porcelain (瓷) flower making for a personal challenge. Seven years ago, she decided to __1__ a project that involved using her __2__， and a decorative flower bouquet (花束) caught her eye. Soon she started paying attention to cold porcelain. But she refused to __3__ classes and decided to learn the __4__ by herself.
While __5__ with porcelain, Olesya realized that in order to __6__ almost perfect flower reproductions, every little part of the __7__ she was copying needed to be perfect. So she __8__ taking every flower apart and making moulds (模具) of every element.
After making the moulds, the __9__ artist created the frame of the bouquet from wire covered in tape. Everything was then __10__ coated in porcelain. The porcelain masterpieces needed about a day to __11__ .
Provided that the artist __12__ from early morning until late at night, she can create one rose in a __13__. Olesya Galushcenko's creations are not exactly __14__ but there are always buyers lining up to buy her works.
Each porcelain flower that comes out of Olesya Galushcenko's hands is one of a kind, and, if properly cared for, can __15__ forever. She recommends keeping them out of direct sunlight and excessive moisture, and carefully wiping them with a damp cloth.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。Olesya是一名工程师，参加一个手工艺品制作项目，不仅自学制作瓷花，其成品甚至还一枝难求。
1．A.put aside B．put off
C．take on D．take down
答案与解析：C　根据上文的“Ukrainian artist Olesya Galushcenko is an engineer”可知，Olesya是一位工程师。由此可知，此处表示她决定做一个项目，故选C。put aside“忽视，不理睬，把……放一边”；put off“推迟，延迟”；take on“决定做，同意负责，承担”；take down“写下，记录”。
2．A.eyes B．hands
C．strength D．courage
答案与解析：B　根据上文的“who got into porcelain (瓷) flower making for a personal challenge”可知，Olesya参与的是手工艺品制作项目，故选B。
3．A.set up B．give up
C．account for D．pay for
答案与解析：D　根据下文的“decided to learn the __4__ by herself”可推测，Olesya想自学技艺，因此不参加付费课程。set up“建起，创建”；give up“放弃”；account for“解释，说明”；pay for“为……付费”。
4．A.skill B．service
C．origin D．shape
答案与解析：A　参见上题解析。skill“技巧，技艺”；service“服务”；origin“起源，起因”；shape“形状”。
5．A.matching B．playing
C．experimenting D．battling
答案与解析：C　根据语境可知，此处表示“当她尝试用瓷做瓷花时”，故选C。match“般配，相配”；experiment“进行实验，尝试”；battle“搏斗，斗争”。
6．A.observe B．achieve
C．restore D．maintain
答案与解析：B　在制作的过程中，她想获得几乎完美的复制品，故选B。observe“看到，注意到，观察到”；achieve“实现，(尤指经过努力)取得，获得”；restore“恢复”；maintain“维持，保持”。
7．A.flowers B．molds
C．tools D．leaves
答案与解析：A　根据上文的“Olesya realized that in order to __6__ almost perfect flower reproductions”可知，为了得到几乎完美的花卉复制品，她临摹的花(flowers)的每一个小部分都需要是完美的，故选A。mold“模具”。
8．A.admitted B．avoided
C．delayed D．started
答案与解析：D　根据语境可知，花的每一个小部分都要完美，于是她开始(started)把每朵花拆开，针对每一个元素都做出模具。故选D。admit“承认”；avoid“避免”；delay“延迟，延期”。
9．A.proud B．optimistic
C．talented D．anxious
答案与解析：C　根据上文的“decided to learn the __4__ by herself”“So she __8__ ... of every element”可知，她是自学的，并且对每个元素都做了模具，因此她有天赋，故选C。proud“自豪的”；optimistic“乐观的，乐观主义的”；talented“有天资的，有才能的”；anxious“焦虑的，不安的，担心的”。
10．A.roughly B．carefully
C．temporarily D．hurriedly
答案与解析：B　根据常识可知，往每样东西上涂瓷这个动作应该是小心翼翼地进行的，故选B。roughly“粗略地，大致上”；carefully“小心地，仔细地”；temporarily“暂时地，临时地”；hurriedly“匆忙地”。
11．A.dry B．copy
C．display D．sell
答案与解析：A　根据常识可知，此处是指制作完成后，瓷器作品需要约一天的时间去变干，故选A。copy“复制，临摹”；display“陈列，展出，展示”。
12．A.draws B．comes
C．carves D．works
答案与解析：D　这位艺术家创造玫瑰，应该是从早工作到晚，故选D。carve“雕刻”。
13．A.week B．month
C．day D．year
答案与解析：C　根据上文描述的制作过程繁琐可知，一天也就制造一枝玫瑰。故选C。
14．A.cheap B．priceless
C．disappointing D．exciting
答案与解析：A　根据下文的“but there are always buyers lining up to buy her works”可知，Olesya的作品不便宜，但是仍然有好多人排队购买，故选A。priceless“极其贵重的，无价的”；disappointing“令人失望的，令人沮丧的”；exciting“令人兴奋的”。
15．A.shine B．grow
C．fruit D．last
答案与解析：D　根据语境和常识可推断，瓷花如果爱护得当，可永久保存，故选D。last在此作动词，意为“持续，继续”。shine“发光，反光，照耀”；fruit“结果”。
答题策略
语法填空——词性运用
常见的词性运用
① 作主语、宾语、介词宾语应用名词或代词，而不用其他词性
② 作表语应用形容词，而不用副词形式
③ 修饰谓语动词、非谓语动词、形容词或全句作状语应用副词，而不用形容词练习19　阅读理解＋读后续写
授课提示：对应学生用书45页
　
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
2024·深圳高三调研 应用文 295词 ★★☆☆☆
King's Volunteering of King's College London is looking for paid members to sit on the Student Advisory Board for Volunteering. The Board plays an important role in influencing the development and delivery of the volunteering service. Its aim is to find volunteering opportunities for students, teachers and other staff at school.
Volunteering, which has the potential to create positive social impact, is a key priority for King's. The Board will ensure that students' needs are at the core of the service so that all King's students can make a difference.
This year, the Student Advisory Board for Volunteering will co create the agenda, and potential topics include：
Volunteering opportunities for the disabled.
Promotion of the Board's service.
How to recognize and reward volunteers.
Evaluation of the Board's work.
This is a unique and exciting opportunity open to all studying at King's, regardless of how much or how little you have volunteered. The Board will be run both online and in person, and board members will be paid the London Living Wage (￡11.95 per hour) via King's Talent Bank.
The application deadline is 23：59 on Friday, 31st March 2023.
Apply via the form below, using your King's email address.
1．What does the Board aim to do for those at King's
A.Perform voluntary work.
B．Meet their academic needs.
C．Provide learning opportunities.
D．Discover volunteering chances.
答案与解析：D　理解具体信息。根据第一段中的“Its aim is to find volunteering opportunities for students, teachers and other staff at school”可知，志愿服务学生咨询委员会想要为学生、老师和学校的其他职工提供做志愿者的机会，故D项正确。
2．Which of the following is a possible topic for this year's agenda
A．Running the Board online.
B．Training voluntary workers.
C．Assessing the Board's performance.
D．Taking care of people with disabilities.
答案与解析：C　理解具体信息。根据第三段中的“co create the agenda, and potential topics include：...Evaluation of the Board's work”可知，今年的议题包括评估志愿服务学生咨询委员会的工作表现，故C项正确。
3．Who can apply to be a member of the Board at King's
A．The students. B．The teachers.
C．The graduates. D．The working staff.
答案与解析：A　理解具体信息。根据第四段中的“This is a unique and exciting opportunity open to all studying at King's”可知，伦敦国王学院的在校生可以申请成为志愿服务学生咨询委员会成员，故A项正确。
B
2024·四省适应性测试 说明文 282词 ★★☆☆☆
We all know that unpleasant feeling when we're talking about something interesting and halfway through our sentence we're interrupted. But was that really an interruption The answer depends on whom you ask, according to new research led by Katherine Hilton from Stanford University.
Using a set of controlled audio clips (录音片段), Hilton surveyed 5，000 American English speakers to better understand what affects people's perceptions of interruptions. She had participants listen to audio clips and then answer questions about whether the speakers seemed to be friendly and engaged, listening to one another, or trying to interrupt.
Hilton found that American English speakers have different conversational styles. She identified two distinct groups: high and low intensity speakers. High intensity speakers are generally uncomfortable with moments of silence in conversation and consider talking at the same time a sign of engagement. Low intensity speakers find it rude to talk at the same time and prefer people to speak one after another in conversation.
The differences in conversational styles became evident when participants listened to audio clips in which two people spoke at the same time but were agreeing with each other and stayed on topic, Hilton said. The high intensity group reported that conversations where people spoke at the same time when expressing agreement were not interruptive but engaged and friendlier than the conversations with moments of silence in between speaking turns. In contrast, the low intensity group perceived any amount of simultaneous (同时的) chat as a rude interruption, regardless of what the speakers were saying.
“People care about being interrupted, and those small interruptions can have a massive effect on the overall communication，” Hilton said. “Breaking apart what an interruption means is essential if we want to understand how humans interact with each other.”
【语篇解读】　为了更好了解是什么影响了人们对被打断的看法，研究人员进行了实验，最后得出结论：谈话被打断是否是一种干扰取决于提问的对象。
4．What does Hilton's research focus on
A．What interruptions mean to people.
B．Whether interruptions are good or not.
C．How to avoid getting interrupted.
D．Why speakers interrupt each other.
答案与解析：A　推断。根据第二段中“Using a set of...perceptions of interruptions”和第四段中的“The high intensity group...the speakers were saying”可知，为了更好了解是什么影响人们对打断的看法，Hilton调查了5 000名说美式英语的人，由此可知Hilton的研究焦点在于打断对人们来讲意味着什么。同时，高强度组和低强度组对打断的看法也说明了这一点。故A项正确。
5．What do participants of the study need to do
A．Record an audio clip.
B．Answer some questions.
C．Listen to one another.
D．Have a chat with a friend.
答案与解析：B　理解具体信息。根据第二段中“She had participants listen to audio clips and then answer questions...trying to interrupt”可知，她让参与者听录音片段，然后回答一些问题，故B项正确。
6．What do low intensity speakers think of simultaneous chat
A．It's important. B．It's interesting.
C．It's inefficient. D．It's impolite.
答案与解析：D　理解具体信息。根据第三段中“Low intensity speakers find it rude...another in conVersation”可知，低强度说话者觉得同时说话很粗鲁，更喜欢人们在谈话中一个接一个地说话，故D项正确。
7．What can we learn from Hilton's research
A．Human interaction is complex.
B．Communication is the basis of life.
C．Interruptions promote thinking.
D．Language barriers will always exist.
答案与解析：A　推断。根据文章最后一段的内容可知，人们很在意被打断，而那些小小的打断会对整个交流产生巨大的影响，如果想要了解人们如何与其他人交流，分解打断的含义是必不可少的。由此可见，人类的交流是复杂的。故A项正确。
Ⅱ.读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
[2024·石家庄高三质检]I still remember the day when we decorated the house. I was ten and it was two weeks before New Year. I was looking forward to my presents. Since I'm the youngest in the family, all of the family members would give me a gift one way or another. Sometimes it was a cookie or a hug but it was always there. I was the only center of attention and it was feeling good.
My uncles usually would ask me what I wanted before New Year and that year I knew what I wanted. It was the spaceship I saw in the ads. I was dreaming of opening a big gift box, and it was there. But that year it came in a way that I wasn't expecting.
It was two weeks before New Year. Just two weeks. She couldn't wait. My dear mother told my father that it was time, and then we went to the hospital. After an hour, they told me that I had a sister. But I didn't want a sister. I wanted a spaceship. The next few days went so fast. No one was caring about me. Everyone was talking about her and I knew that my life was never going to be the same ever again. I wasn't ready to grow up, to be a big brother. But it just happened in an instant.
On the day before New Year, everyone was in our home, talking only about my newborn sister. My family was becoming hers. Even my uncles didn't ask me anything about the gift. She stole everything I'd ever had, my life and my presents. Thinking about this, I cried myself to sleep. I had a nightmare (噩梦) and woke up in the middle of the night. Shadows were all around me, and I was defenseless and so weak. I ran into my parents' bedroom but couldn't wake up my poor parents who were just too worn out. I was standing near their bed, trying not to cry when I saw her. She was awake and looking at me with her big eyes in her small bed.
注意：1.词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
Suddenly a long shadow came into the bedroom and she started crying.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
After having comforted her, something slowly changed inside me.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
One possible version：
Suddenly a long shadow came into the bedroom and she started crying. Panicky at first, I then realized that it was just a car passing by. But she felt uneasy, her mouth wide opening, arms waving, and legs kicking (独立主格结构). I thought she might be scared, so I held out my hand to hold hers, patting her on the back with the other (现在分词短语作伴随状语). I even moved a bit closer to her little bed, whispering my favorite song in her ears, just as my mum did when I got scared. Surprisingly, she seemed to understand me and stopped crying. Looking into her big eyes, I breathed a sigh of relief.
After having comforted her, something slowly changed inside me. The sense of loneliness was replaced by the responsibility of being an elder brother (巧妙使用被动语态彰显句式变化). Even though her arrival took over the center of the whole family initially (Even though引导的让步状语从句), she started to become the center of my attention too. With her cute round face and sparkling eyes, she also won my love and care for her. I looked around and found my parents, awake, smiling at me. With a shadow of a happy family cast on the window (with复合结构), I felt my little sister was the best gift I'd ever got.练习57　语法填空＋阅读理解
授课提示：对应学生用书143页
　
Ⅰ.语法填空
2023·全国甲卷 说明文 175词 ★★★★★
For thousands of years, people have told fables (寓言)1.________ (teach) a lesson or to pass on wisdom. Fables were part of the oral tradition of many early cultures, and the well known Aesop's fables date to the 2.________ (six) century B．C.Yet, the form of the fable still has values today, 3.________ Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow”．
Carson uses a simple, direct style common to fables. In fact, her style and tone (口吻) are seemingly directed at children. “There was once a town in the heart of America 4.________ all life seemed to enjoy peaceful co existence with its surroundings，” her fable begins, 5.________ (borrow) some familiar words from many age old fables. Behind the simple style, however, is a serious message 6.________ (intend) for everyone.
7．________ (difference) from traditional fables, Carson's story ends with an accusation instead of a moral. She warns of the environmental dangers facing society, and she teaches that people must take responsibility 8.________ saving their environment.
The themes of traditional fables often deal with simple truths about everyday life. However, Carson's theme is a more weighty 9.________ (warn) about environmental destruction. Carson proves that a simple literary form that has been passed down through the ages can still 10.________ (employ) today to draw attention to important truths.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了寓言的形式在今天仍然具有价值。
1．答案与解析：to teach　考查非谓语动词。句意：几千年来，人们通过讲寓言来传授知识或传授智慧。根据句意可知，此处表达“来传授知识和智慧”，所以用不定式作目的状语。故填to teach。
2．答案与解析：sixth　考查序数词。句意：寓言是许多古代文化口述传统的一部分，而著名的伊索寓言可以追溯到公元前6世纪。century“世纪”前面要用序数词形式。故填sixth。
3．答案与解析：as　考查定语从句。句意：然而，正如雷切尔·卡森在《明日寓言》中所说，寓言的形式在今天仍然具有价值。引导非限定性定语从句，且有“正如”之意，用关系代词as引导。故填as。
4．答案与解析：where　考查定语从句。句意：“从前，在美国的中心地带有一个小镇，那里所有的生命似乎都和周围的环境一起享受着和平的生活，”她的寓言是这样开头的，借用了许多古老寓言中的一些熟悉的词。句中先行词为town，在非限定性定语从句作地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导。故填where。
5．答案与解析：borrowing　考查非谓语动词。句意：“从前，在美国的中心地带有一个小镇，那里所有的生命似乎都和周围的环境一起享受着和平的生活，”她的寓言是这样开头的，借用了许多古老寓言中的一些熟悉的词。句中已有谓语动词，所以用非谓语动词形式。逻辑主语her fable与borrow之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语。故填borrowing。
6．答案与解析：intended　考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，在简洁的风格背后，是每个人都想要传达的重要信息。be intended for打算为……所用，在句中作定语，所以用过去分词形式。故填intended。
7．答案与解析：Different　考查形容词。句意：与传统寓言不同，卡森的故事以一种指责而不是道德结束。be different from与……不同，所以用形容词作状语。故填Different。
8．答案与解析：for　考查介词。句意：她警告社会面临的环境危险，并教导人们必须承担起保护环境的责任。take responsibility for对……负责。故填for。
9．答案与解析：warning　考查名词。句意：然而，卡森的主题是对环境破坏的更严重警告。形容词weighty后接名词形式。根据句中不定冠词a可知，用可数名词的单数形式。故填warning。
10．答案与解析：be employed　考查语态。句意：卡森证明了一种简单的抒情形式，已经代代相传，今天仍然可以用来吸引人们对重要真理的关注。从句主语a simple literary form与employ之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。情态动词can后接动词原形。故填be employed。
Ⅱ.阅读理解
A
2024·福建省练习卷 议论文 248词 ★★★★☆
You've heard an old Chinese saying before: Give a man a fish and you feed him for a day; teach a man to fish and you feed him for a lifetime. You may even be nodding your head in agreement right now. However，we can have a different understanding of it.
When a person is starving, that's not the time to fill their head with knowledge but to first give the person a fish—eradicating their hunger—and only then teach them to fish. Far too often, people ignore this common sense first step. They see someone who is struggling, and they rush to offer wisdom. “Let me tell you what I'd do in your position，” a well meaning individual might offer.
But few of us understand the anxiety, confusion and uncertainty that come with overwhelming need. People meeting with personal disasters don't have the ability to think straight. Their nerves may be shot. Their confidence may be non existent. Can you imagine what it would be like to be in that person's situation
Rushing to offer a struggling person long term advice is a waste of time. Instead, it makes far more sense to help them regain their emotional balance. Once their ears, heart and mind open, you'll have an opportunity to teach a new skill.
But how do we know whether a person needs a fish before a fishing lesson Two things: One is the ability to pay attention. We need to know whether the other person is open and receptive, or looking at the world through narrowed eyes. You can't just take their words but have to look at how the person acts and what they don't say. The other is empathy (共情). The more successful you are, the harder it is to imagine what it must be like to be the opposite. Try to create a safe environment for emotional acceptance before the fishing lesson.
【语篇解读】　人们总认为饥饿的人最需要的是食物，只有填饱肚子才能帮助他们平复因饥饿而产生的焦虑、困惑等消极因素，让他们愿意接受新思想，第二步才能教会他们智慧和方法。但是，人们往往忽视了第一步的重要性。
1．What is the function of the first paragraph
A．To illustrate a concept.
B．To bring in a new viewpoint.
C．To introduce the background.
D．To put up an example.
答案与解析：B　推断。通读第一段并结合下文内容可知，该段从中国谚语“授人以鱼不如授人以渔”说起，引出本文的新观点：在别人饥饿时，当务之急是给他食物让他消除饥饿，这是关键的一步，却常被人忽略。故B项正确。
2．What does the underlined word “eradicating” mean in Paragraph 2
A．Getting rid of.
B．Paying attention to.
C．Making up for.
D．Putting up with.
答案与解析：A　理解词汇。根据第二段的“to first give the person a fish—eradicating their hunger”并结合常识可知，当一个人挨饿的时候，不要给他灌输知识，而是先给他一条鱼，以消除他们的饥饿，然后再教他们钓鱼。据此可知，画线词意为“消除”，故A项正确。
3．What should we do first for those in disasters
A．Get them to think straight.
B．Enhance their confidence.
C．Satisfy their primary needs.
D．Teach them a new skill.
答案与解析：C　推断。根据第二段的“When a person is...teach them to fish”可知，当一个人挨饿的时候，不要给他灌输知识，而是先给他一条鱼——消除他们的饥饿——然后再教他们钓鱼。据此可以推知，对于那些身陷灾难中的人，我们首先应当满足其基本需求，故C项正确。
4．Which does the author probably agree with according to the last paragraph
A．Live and learn.
B．Never teach a fish to swim.
C．Put yourself in others' shoes.
D．Don't teach an old dog new tricks.
答案与解析：C　推断。通读尾段可知，尾段指出确定一个人在上钓鱼课之前是否需要一条鱼，第一要看对方集中注意力的能力，要确定对方是开放的、乐意接受的；第二是要有同理心，即让对方在安全的环境中接受帮助。据此可知，尾段强调应当设身处地为别人着想，故C项正确。A项意为“活到老，学到老”；B项意为“不要班门弄斧”；D项意为“老古董学不会新东西”，都与文意不符。
B
2024·广东省模拟Ⅰ 说明文 365词 ★★★★☆
Like any doctor, Jacques Fellay wants to give his patients the best care. Hidden inside our bodies are genetic (基因的) markers that can tell him which patients could probably have diseases such as AIDS and provide early treatments. However, there are worries for Fellay: they contain sensitive details that could lead to embarrassment, discrimination or even worse.
A new kind of encryption, fully homomorphic encryption (FHE) (完全同态加密), is making it possible for data users to run multiple operations on genetic data without seeing the contents. This can help end big data's privacy problems, and Fellay's patients can be some of the first to benefit.
In 1978, the concept of homomorphic encryption (HE) was firstly proposed. According to it, one could encrypt and share data with others, who could analyze and perform calculations on the data with no idea what it means. After getting the data back, the data user could simply arrive at the result using the secret key and it will make total sense.
In 2009, Craig Gentry firstly provided a workable FHE program. Like HE, it rests on a mathematical idea called a homomorphism, which mostly relies on using algebra (代数) to map data from one form to another without changing its underlying structure. However, it supports multiple operations on encrypted data, rather than only one calculation in HE.
Later, Gentry went on to work at IBM, which now has complicated FHE tools to run encrypted data. In the medical field, for example, it detected signs of pneumonia (肺炎) infection by applying FHE to analyze the encrypted CT scans of more than 1，500 people's lungs. In a paper published in October 2021, the team used FHE to collect data from multiple sources and predicted the effect of cancer treatments or the process of HIV infection, as in Fellay's case.
Workable, but still slow: calculations on the FHE encrypted data could take millions of times longer than those on raw data. But, as Goldwasser said, “If you believe that security is not a plus, but it's a must, then in some sense there is no overhead.”
【语篇解读】　文章介绍了一种新型加密技术——完全同态加密程序的开发过程以及意义。
5．What is Fellay concerned about
A．Serious diseases.
B．Sensitive patients.
C．The safety of personal data.
D．The lack of genetic information.
答案与解析：C　理解具体信息。根据第一段中的“However, there are worries for Fellay: they contain sensitive details that could lead to embarrassment，discrimination or even worse”可知，Fellay医生担忧隐藏在我们体内的基因标记物所包含的敏感细节被泄露后会导致尴尬、歧视甚至更糟，即他担心个人资料的安全问题，故选C。
6．In what way is FHE different from HE
A．It speeds up the analyses.
B．It allows more calculations.
C．It prevents direct access to data.
D．It depends on the use of algebra.
答案与解析：B　理解具体信息。明题意：本题问“完全同态加密和同态加密有什么不同？”→寻线索：根据第四段最后一句话“However, it supports multiple operations on encrypted data, rather than only one calculation in HE”可知，完全同态加密支持对加密数据进行多次操作，而不是在同态加密中只进行一次计算→定答案：由此可知，完全同态加密和同态加密的区别在于完全同态加密允许多次计算，故选B。
7．What is Goldwasser's attitude towards FHE
A．Contradictory. B．Unclear.
C．Favorable. D．Intolerant.
答案与解析：C　推断。根据最后一段Goldwasser所说的话“If you believe that security is not a plus, but it's a must, then in some sense there is no overhead”可知，Goldwasser认为完全同态加密系统是加分项，即她对完全同态加密持赞成态度，故选C。
8．What is the main idea of the text
A．FHE protects privacy in the big data era.
B．FHE opens a new world for medical workers.
C．Gentry proposed a new encryption technology.
D．Homomorphic encryption developed over time.
答案与解析：A　理解文章主旨要义。文章开头以医生担心病人个人资料的安全问题为话题引入了完全同态加密程序，然后以此为线索对该程序进行介绍，即这篇文章主要讲述了完全同态加密程序保护个人隐私的功能，故选A。练习4　单句语法填空＋阅读理解
授课提示：对应学生用书8页
　
Ⅰ.单句语法填空(定语从句和状语从句)
1．The meeting will be put off till next week, a time ________ most of our clients will have been back from abroad.
答案与解析：when　句意为：会议将被推迟到下周，那时我们的大部分客户就已从国外回来了。设空处引导定语从句，先行词为a time，关系词在从句中作时间状语，所以应用关系副词when。故填when。
2．[2024·湖南长郡中学检测]The reason ________ he was late for work was ________ he missed the bus by one minute this morning.
答案与解析：why; that　句意为：他上班迟到的原因是今天早晨晚了一分钟，错过了公共汽车。第一空应用关系副词why引导定语从句，修饰先行词reason，第二空应用that引导表语从句。故填why; that。
3．[2024·河北深州中学期末]With a total length of 4，000 meters and a width of 75 meters, one of its runways is a 4F runway—the highest level in the international aviation industry, ________ large civil aircraft like an Airbus A380 can take off and land.
答案与解析：where　句意为：它其中的一条跑道总长4 000米，宽75米，是国际航空业中等级最高的4F跑道，像空客A380这样的大型民用飞机，可以在这里起飞和降落。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是runway，关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，故填where。
4．Whenever I read the old letters, ________ was fairly often, sweet memories warmed my heart.
答案与解析：which　分析句子可知，________ was fairly often是个非限制性定语从句，修饰前面的整个句子，系动词was前缺少主语，故填which。
5．With a loving character, Tom is such a kind and helpful person ________ we cannot praise too much.
答案与解析：as　分析句子可知，定语从句中，动词praise后缺少宾语，且先行词 a kind and helpful person前有such修饰，故用as来引导该定语从句。
6．It is the family photo hung on the wall that always reminds me that family is the place ________ I should try my best to take care of.
答案与解析：which/that　分析句子结构可知，动词短语take care of后缺少宾语，且先行词为the place，故用which或that来引导该定语从句。
7．As far as I am concerned，youth is a period ________ we should study hard and make ourselves well prepared for the future.
答案与解析：when　分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句修饰先行词a period，且在从句中作时间状语，故用when。就我而言，青春是我们应该努力学习并且让我们自己为未来做好充分准备的时期。
8．Young ________ she is, she has traveled to many countries to put on shows.
答案与解析：as/though　分析句子结构可知，as/though在此引导用了倒装形式的让步状语从句，表示“尽管”。
9．The young couple, who returned my lost wallet, left ________ I could ask for their names.
答案与解析：before　那对年轻的夫妇归还了我丢失的钱包，在我还没有问他们的名字之前他们就离开了。根据句子的意思，空处表示“在……之前”，故填before。
10．To such a degree was he excited ________ he couldn't sleep last night.
答案与解析：that　分析句子结构可知，此处为such... that...“如此……以至于……”引导的结果状语从句，故填that。
Ⅱ.阅读理解
A
2023·新课标Ⅰ卷 记叙文 320词 ★★★☆☆
When John Todd was a child, he loved to explore the woods around his house, observing how nature solved problems. A dirty stream, for example, often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived. When he got older, John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making.
After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in college, John went back to observing nature and asking questions. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria (细菌) Which kinds of fish can eat cancer causing chemicals With the right combination of animals and plants, he figured, maybe he could clean up waste the way nature did. He decided to build what he would later call an eco machine.
The task John set for himself was to remove harmful substances from some sludge (污泥). First, he constructed a series of clear fiberglass tanks connected to each other. Then he went around to local ponds and streams and brought back some plants and animals. He placed them in the tanks and waited. Little by little, these different kinds of life got used to one another and formed their own ecosystem. After a few weeks, John added the sludge.
He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the eco machine took the sludge as food and began to eat it! Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all that was left was pure water.
Over the years, John has taken on many big jobs. He developed a greenhouse like facility that treated sewage (污水) from 1，600 homes in South Burlington. He also designed an eco machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou, a city in southeast China.
“Ecological design” is the name John gives to what he does. “Life on Earth is kind of a box of spare parts for the inventor，” he says. “You put organisms in new relationships and observe what's happening. Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self repair.”
【语篇解读】　这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了John Todd从小就很爱思考且好学，他建造了一个生态机器，利用大自然可以自我修复的原理来净化污水。
1．What can we learn about John from the first two paragraphs
A．He was fond of traveling.
B．He enjoyed being alone.
C．He had an inquiring mind.
D．He longed to be a doctor.
答案与解析：C　细节理解题。根据第一段“When John Todd was a child, he loved to explore the woods around his house, observing how nature solved problems. A dirty stream, for example, often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived. When he got older, John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making. (当约翰·托德还是个孩子的时候，他喜欢探索房子周围的树林，观察大自然是如何解决问题的。例如，一条肮脏的小溪流经植物和微小生物居住的岩石后，往往会变得清澈。长大后，约翰开始想知道这个过程是否可以用来清理人们制造的垃圾)”以及第二段“After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in college, John went back to observing nature and asking questions. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria (细菌) Which kinds of fish can eat cancer causing chemicals (在大学学习了农业、医学和渔业之后，约翰回到了观察自然和提出问题的生活中。为什么某些植物能捕获有害细菌？哪些鱼类会食用致癌化学物质？)”可知，约翰聪颖好学、好奇心很强。故选C。
2．Why did John put the sludge into the tanks
A．To feed the animals.
B．To build an ecosystem.
C．To protect the plants.
D．To test the eco machine.
答案与解析：D　细节理解题。根据第三段“After a few weeks, John added the sludge. (几个星期后，约翰把污泥加了进去)”以及倒数第三段“He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the eco machine took the sludge as food and began to eat it! Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all that was left was pure water. (他对结果感到惊讶。生态机器里的动植物把污泥当成了食物，开始吃了起来！几周之内，它就完全被消化了，只剩下纯净水)”可知，约翰把污泥放进罐子里是为了测试生态机器。故选D。
3．What is the author's purpose in mentioning Fuzhou
A.To review John's research plans.
B．To show an application of John's idea.
C．To compare John's different jobs.
D．To erase doubts about John's invention.
答案与解析：B　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Over the years, John has taken on many big jobs. He developed a greenhouse — like facility that treated sewage (污水) from 1，600 homes in South Burlington. He also designed an eco machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou, a city in southeast China. (这些年来，约翰承担了许多重大工作。他开发了一个类似温室的设施，可以处理来自南伯灵顿1 600户家庭的污水。他还设计了一种生态机器来清洁中国东南部城市福州的运河水)”可推知，作者提到福州的目的是展示约翰想法的应用。故选B。
4．What is the basis for John's work
A．Nature can repair itself.
B．Organisms need water to survive.
C．Life on Earth is diverse.
D．Most tiny creatures live in groups.
答案与解析：A　推理判断题。根据最后一段“You put organisms in new relationships and observe what's happening. Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self repair. (你把微生物放在新的关系中，并观察要发生的事情。然后让这些新系统形成它们自己的自我修复的方式)”可知，约翰工作的基础是自然可以自我修复。故选A。
B
2024·新课标Ⅱ卷，B 记叙文 269词 ★★☆☆☆
Do you ever get to the train station and realize you forgot to bring something to read Yes, we all have our phones, but many of us still like to go old school and read something printed.
Well, there's a kiosk (小亭) for that. In the San Francisco Bay Area, at least.
“You enter the fare gates (检票口) and you'll see a kiosk that is lit up and it tells you can get a one minute, a three minute, or a five minute story，” says Alicia Trost, the chief communications officer for the San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit—known as BART. “You choose which length you want and it gives you a receipt like short story.”
It's that simple. Riders have printed nearly 20，000 short stories and poems since the program was launched last March. Some are classic short stories, and some are new original works.
Trost also wants to introduce local writers to local riders. “We wanted to do something where we do a call to artists in the Bay Area to submit stories for a contest，” Trost says. “And as of right now, we've received about 120 submissions. The winning stories would go into our kiosk and then you would be a published artist.”
Ridership on transit (交通) systems across the country has been down the past half century, so could short stories save transit
Trost thinks so.
“At the end of the day all transit agencies right now are doing everything they can to improve the rider experience. So I absolutely think we will get more riders just because of short stories，” she says.
And you'll never be without something to read.
语篇类型：记叙文　主题语境：人与社会——社会服务——阅读亭项目
【语篇解读】　本文主要讲述了旧金山湾区捷运系统的首席通讯官艾丽西亚·特罗斯特根据车站乘客的需求启动阅读亭项目，以便改善乘客的体验。
5．Why did BART start the kiosk program
A．To promote the local culture.
B．To discourage phone use.
C．To meet passengers' needs.
D．To reduce its running costs.
答案与解析：C　推断。题干中的kiosk在第二段“there's a kiosk(小亭) for that”中首次出现，句中的that指代文章第一段中的“but many of us still like to go old school and read something printed”，即很多人仍然喜欢选择传统方式，读一些印刷的东西。所以为了满足乘客需求，BART启动了阅读亭项目，故答案为C。
6．How are the stories categorized in the kiosk
A．By popularity. B．By length.
C．By theme. D．By language.
答案与解析：B　理解具体信息。根据文章第三段中的“it tells you can get a one minute, a three minute, or a five minute story”和“You choose which length you want”可知，你可以根据自己想要的长度选择1分钟、3分钟或者5分钟阅读时长的故事，即阅读亭里的故事是按长度分类的，故答案为B。
7．What has Trost been doing recently
A．Organizing a story contest.
B．Doing a survey of customers.
C．Choosing a print publisher.
D．Conducting interviews with artists.
答案与解析：A　理解具体信息。根据文章第五段中的“we do a call to artists in the Bay Area to submit stories for a contest”和“as of right now, we've received about 120 submissions”可知，特罗斯特号召艺术家们提交故事参加比赛，并且目前为止收到了大约120份参赛作品，所以她是在组织故事比赛，故答案为A。
8．What is Trost's opinion about BART's future
A．It will close down.
B．Its profits will decline.
C．It will expand nationwide.
D．Its ridership will increase.
答案与解析：D　理解观点、态度。根据第七段内容“Trost thinks so”和第八段中的“So I absolutely think we will get more riders just because of short stories”可知，特罗斯特完全相信他们会因为短故事收获更多乘客，故答案为D。
黄金考点
语法填空——介词
考点8 介词的基本用法
考例 The far side of the moon is of particular interest to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters (环形山), more so ________ the familiar near side.
点拨 考查介词。根据设空处前的more可知，设空处应填介词than。
考点9 介词用于固定短语
考例 Bamboo plants are associated ________ health, abundance and a happy home.
点拨 句意：竹子与健康、富足和幸福家庭联系在一起。be associated with为固定短语，故填with。练习16　阅读理解＋读后续写
授课提示：对应学生用书37页
　
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
2024·浙江1月，C 说明文 310词 ★★☆☆☆
On September 7, 1991, the costliest hailstorm (雹暴) in Canadian history hit Calgary's southern suburbs. As a result, since 1996 a group of insurance companies have spent about $2 million per year on the Alberta Hail Suppression Project. Airplanes seed threatening storm cells with a chemical to make small ice crystals fall as rain before they can grow into dangerous hailstones. But farmers in east central Alberta—downwind of the hail project flights—worry that precious moisture (水分) is being stolen from their thirsty land by the cloud seeding.
Norman Stienwand, who farms in that area, has been addressing public meetings on this issue for years. “Basically, the provincial government is letting the insurance companies protect the Calgary Edmonton urban area from hail，” Mr. Stienwand says, “but they're increasing drought risk as far east as Saskatchewan.”
The Alberta hail project is managed by Terry Krauss, a cloud physicist who works for Weather Modification Inc. of Fargo, North Dakota. “We affect only a very small percentage of the total moisture in the air, so we cannot be causing drought，” Dr. Krauss says. “In fact, we may be helping increase the moisture downwind by creating wetter ground.”
One doubter about the safety of cloud seeding is Chuck Doswell, a research scientist who just retired from the University of Oklahoma. “In 1999, I personally saw significant tornadoes form from a seeded storm cell in Kansas，” Dr. Doswell says. “Does cloud seeding create killer storms or reduce moisture downwind No one really knows, of course, but the seeding goes on.”
Given the degree of doubt, Mr. Stienwand suggests, “It would be wise to stop cloud seeding.” In practice, doubt has had the opposite effect. Due to the lack of scientific proof concerning their impacts, no one has succeeded in winning a lawsuit against cloud seeding companies. Hence, private climate engineering can proceed in relative legal safety.
语篇类型：说明文　主题语境：人与自然——灾害防范——防雹干预计划之争
【语篇解读】　本文介绍了加拿大艾伯塔地区的防雹干预计划，以及不同相关方对该计划的不同态度。
1．What does the project aim to do
A．Conserve moisture in the soil.
B．Prevent the formation of hailstones.
C．Forecast disastrous hailstorms.
D．Investigate chemical use in farming.
答案与解析：B　理解具体信息。题干中的“the project”指的就是第一段中所提到的“Alberta Hail Suppression Project”，因此根据第一段中的“Airplanes seed threatening storm cells with a chemical to make small ice crystals fall as rain before they can grow into dangerous hailstones”可知，飞机通过向有威胁性的风暴体播撒一种化学物质，使得小冰晶在变成危险的冰雹之前先变成雨落下。由此可知，这一计划旨在防止冰雹的形成，故选B项。A项“保存土壤水分”；C项“预报灾难性雹暴”；D项“调查农业中化学品的使用”。
2．Who are opposed to the project
A．Farmers in east central Alberta.
B．Managers of insurance companies.
C．Provincial government officials.
D．Residents of Calgary and Edmonton.
答案与解析：A　理解具体信息。根据第一段中的“But farmers in east central Alberta...worry that precious moisture (水分) is being stolen from their thirsty land by the cloud seeding”可知，Alberta中东部的农民担心播云会带走他们干旱土地中的宝贵水分。由此可知，这些农民是反对这个计划的，故选A项。
3．Why does Dr. Doswell mention the tornadoes he saw in 1999
A．To compare different kinds of seeding methods.
B.To illustrate the development of big hailstorms.
C.To indicate a possible danger of cloud seeding.
D．To show the link between storms and moisture.
答案与解析：C　理解目的。根据第四段中的“One doubter about the safety of cloud seeding is Chuck Doswell”可知， Doswell博士对播云的安全性持怀疑态度。接着他提到1999年亲眼目睹的由一个已经被播撒了化学物质的风暴单体形成的重大龙卷风。随后他又提出疑问“Does cloud seeding create killer storms or reduce moisture downwind？”，怀疑播云会产生致命的风暴或是减少下风处的水分。由此可推断出，Doswell博士提到他看到的1999年的龙卷风是为了表明播云存在可能的风险，故选C项。A项“为了比较不同的播撒方式”；B项“为了说明大雹暴的形成”；C项“为了表明播云可能存在的风险”；D项“为了说明风暴和水分之间的关系”。
4．What can we infer from the last paragraph
A．Scientific studies have proved Stienwand right.
B.Private climate engineering is illegal in Canada.
C．The doubt about cloud seeding has disappeared.
D.Cloud seeding companies will continue to exist.
答案与解析：D　推断。根据最后一段最后一句“Hence, private climate engineering can proceed in relative legal safety”可知，私营的气候工程公司可以在相对合法的安全环境中继续进行下去，也就是这些公司会继续存在下去，故选D项。A项“科学研究证明了Stienwand是对的”；B项“私营的气候工程公司在加拿大是非法的”；C项“关于播云的疑虑已经消失了”；D项“播云公司会继续存在下去”。
B
2024·武汉高三调研 记叙文 298词 ★★★☆☆
During 20 years of stacking (使码放在) shelves with goods at his family's supermarket in Pollenca on the Spanish island of Mallorca, Jose Luis Reig, known as Pep, never gave a thought to the academic world. It was only when visiting the classrooms and passages of mainland universities with his two teenage daughters that he suddenly felt himself at home among the books and atmosphere of learning.
After school Pep had intended to get a degree in biology at the University of Barcelona but had been called on to help run the family business instead.
But the question of “What's my role in life？” still kept coming back to him. It wasn't until a year later that the answer suddenly struck him. When he was at school, other children would come to him with their problems. He developed a reputation and so was invited onto local radio, where the interviewer said, “You're like a young psychologist.”
Pep was no stranger to change. The family business had originally been a sawmill (锯木厂), but when Pep, then 27, was asked if he wanted to take over, he decided to transform the mill into the town's first supermarket.
One day in the shop, what the radio presenter said came back to him. After running the idea past his family, he applied to a university in Palma to study psychology and, aged 46, was accepted.
“I had to get used to being much older than all the other students，” he says. “In fact, I was older than my professor. But I believe disadvantages can always be advantages. And I ended up helping the others because I'd had more life experience that carries a psychological impact, which could reflect classroom theory.”
Pep came top of his year and impressed his tutors so much that he was offered a job researching and teaching, which he still does while studying for a master's in neuropsychology. Now 52, and still in the job, he adds, “My only regret is not having done it earlier.”
【语篇解读】　46岁商人放弃家族企业考入帕尔马一所大学学习心理学，在大学里他的年龄远远高于其他同学甚至年长于自己的教授，但他丰富的生活经验帮助他获得学业上的成功，他最终也得到了一份研究和教学的工作。
5．What can we know about Pep in the first paragraph
A.He felt relaxed in the academic atmosphere.
B．He visited his daughters' universities frequently.
C.He supported his daughters' by arranging shelves.
D．He never quit the thought of going to mainland colleges.
答案与解析：A　理解具体信息。根据第一段中的“It was only when...that he suddenly felt himself at home among the books and atmosphere of learning”可知，只有当他带着两个十几岁的女儿参观内地大学的教室和走廊时，他才突然在书籍和学习氛围中感到自在。由此可知，Pep在学术氛围中感到放松，故选A。
6．What was Pep's answer to the question of his role in life
A．To win a reputation.
B．To study psychology.
C．To take over his family business.
D．To cure children's problems.
答案与解析：B　理解具体信息。根据第三段内容，尤其是最后一句中的“You're like a young psychologist”可知，对于他在生活中扮演的角色这个问题，Pep的答案是研究心理学，故选B。
7．What inspired Pep to apply to the university in Palma at 46
A．His pursuit of a better career.
B．The radio presenter's comment.
C．His classmates' encouragement.
D．The proposal of the family members.
答案与解析：B　理解具体信息。根据第五段的内容“One day in the shop...to study psychology and, aged 46, was accepted”可知，电台主持人的评论激励着Pep申请帕尔马的大学，故选B。
8．Which quality might have helped Pep a lot in the university
A．Integrity. B．Self discipline.
C．Sensitivity. D．Optimism.
答案与解析：D　推断。根据倒数第二段内容，尤其是“But I believe disadvantages can always be advantages”可知，在大学期间Pep的乐观有可能对他学业上的成功有很大的帮助。
Ⅱ.读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
[2024·新课标Ⅰ卷]I met Gunter on a cold, wet and unforgettable evening in September. I had planned to fly to Vienna and take a bus to Prague for a conference. Due to a big storm, my flight had been delayed by an hour and a half. I touched down in Vienna just 30 minutes before the departure of the last bus to Prague. The moment I got off the plane, I ran like crazy through the airport building and jumped into the first taxi on the rank without a second thought.
That was when I met Gunter. I told him where I was going, but he said he hadn't heard of the bus station. I thought my pronunciation was the problem, so I explained again more slowly，but he still looked confused. When I was about to give up, Gunter fished out his little phone and rang up a friend. After a heated discussion that lasted for what seemed like a century, Gunter put his phone down and started the car.
Finally, with just two minutes to spare we rolled into the bus station. Thankfully, there was a long queue (队列) still waiting to board the bus. Gunter parked the taxi behind the bus, turned around, and looked at me with a big smile on his face. “We made it，” he said.
Just then I realised that I had zero cash in my wallet. I flashed him an apologetic smile as I pulled out my Portuguese bankcard. He tried it several times, but the card machine just did not play along. A feeling of helplessness washed over me as I saw the bus queue thinning out.
At this moment, Gunter pointed towards the waiting hall of the bus station. There, at the entrance, was a cash machine. I jumped out of the car, made a mad run for the machine, and popped my card in, only to read the message: “Out of order.Sorry.”
注意：1.续写词数应为150个左右；
2．请按如下格式在相应位置作答。
I ran back to Gunter and told him the bad news.
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Four days later, when I was back in Vienna, I called Gunter as promised
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写作思路：
故事梗概　 “我”要在维也纳换乘公交车去布拉格参加会议，但飞往维也纳的航班由于暴风雨延误了。因此，一下飞机“我”就飞奔上了第一辆出租车。司机Gunter没有听说过“我”要去的那个公交站，但通过手机和朋友一番沟通后，他成功把“我”送到了目的地。正当“我”要付钱时，“我”想起来“我”的钱包里面没有现金，而“我”的银行卡刷了几次也无法成功支付。看着排队上车的人越来越少，“我”感到十分无助，就连公交站等候厅入口处的取款机也罢工了。
续写思路'根据续写第一段提示句“I ran back to Gunter and told him the bad news”(“我”跑向Gunter跟他讲了这个坏消息)可知，续写第一段可先写“我”跟他解释情况及之后他可能的反应等。再结合续写第二段提示句“Four days later，when I was back in Vienna，I called Gunter as promised”(四天后，当“我”回到维也纳时，“我”按照承诺给Gunter打了电话)可知，续写第一段还应描写“我”要了Gunter的电话号码，且他让“我”先行离开了。该段还可涉及“我”最终是否及时赶上公交车、是否赶上会议等。
根据续写第二段提示句以及上面的分析可知，续写第二段应该说明“我”给Gunter打电话后双方约定见面，“我”把车费支付给他并向他表示感谢等。文章最后应写“我”经历此事后的感悟，体现信任他人与遵守承诺两种美好品质，升华主旨。
One possible version：
I ran back to Gunter and told him the bad news. The cash machine was also out of order! In other words, I couldn't pay him now. I felt so depressed and sorry [心理描写，沮丧且抱歉], an embarrassed smile creeping into (逐渐浮现) my face (独立主格结构)[表情描写，体现尴尬处境]. Then an idea occurred to me. I pointed at [手部动作描写] my phone and asked him to give his phone number to me so that I could contact him when I came back here (目的状语从句，其中when引导时间状语从句). Surprisingly, he comforted me that everything was OK since he had known how anxious I was (that引导宾语从句，其中since引导原因状语从句，how引导宾语从句). After we said goodbye to each other, I rushed to[肢体动作描写] the queue. Fortunately, I didn't miss the whole arrangements for the conference.
Four days later, when I was back in Vienna, I called Gunter as promised. He didn't recognise me immediately when I said hello to him. So I explained my intention. At first, he refused to charge me the fare. But I insisted I owe him the money(宾语从句＋虚拟语气). Therefore, we made a deal to meet at the bus station. When we met, I extended my gratitude for his trust in me, gave him the fare and tipped (给小费) him another sum of money [表达感激的心理以及付钱的动作链]. Satisfied, he gave me a thumbs up, praised me a lot for my honesty and also thanked me for the tip [司机收到报酬后的反应动作链], but I told him that he deserved it (that引导宾语从句). Till now, every time I recall this experience (every time引导时间状语从句), I can't help wondering (不禁琢磨) if there is more trust and honesty in the world, how charming our world will be (how引导宾语从句，其中if引导条件状语从句).练习55　阅读理解＋读后续写
授课提示：对应学生用书138页
　
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
2023·新课标Ⅱ卷 说明文 290词 ★★★★☆
Reading Art: Art for Book Lovers is a celebration of an everyday object—the book, represented here in almost three hundred artworks from museums around the world. The image of the reader appears throughout history, in art made long before books as we now know them came into being. In artists' representations of books and reading, we see moments of shared humanity that go beyond culture and time.
In this “book of books，” artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these connections between different eras and cultures. We see scenes of children learning to read at home or at school, with the book as a focus for relations between the generations. Adults are portrayed (描绘) alone in many settings and poses—absorbed in a volume, deep in thought or lost in a moment of leisure. These scenes may have been painted hundreds of years ago, but they record moments we can all relate__to．
Books themselves may be used symbolically in paintings to demonstrate the intellect (才智), wealth or faith of the subject. Before the wide use of the printing press, books were treasured objects and could be works of art in their own right. More recently, as books have become inexpensive or even throwaway, artists have used them as the raw material for artworks—transforming covers, pages or even complete volumes into paintings and sculptures.
Continued developments in communication technologies were once believed to make the printed page outdated. From a 21st century point of view, the printed book is certainly ancient, but it remains as interactive as any battery powered e reader. To serve its function, a book must be activated by a user: the cover opened, the pages parted, the contents reviewed, perhaps notes written down or words underlined. And in contrast to our increasingly networked lives where the information we consume is monitored and tracked, a printed book still offers the chance of a wholly private, “off line” activity.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了印刷书籍和阅读对人类的重要意义。
1．Where is the text most probably taken from
A．An introduction to a book.
B．An essay on the art of writing.
C．A guidebook to a museum.
D．A review of modern paintings.
答案与解析：A　推理判断题。根据全文内容尤其是第一段第一句“Reading Art: Art for Book Lovers is a celebration... three hundred artworks from museums around the world”可知，《阅读艺术：书籍爱好者的艺术》这本书里展示了来自世界各地博物馆的近300件艺术品，本文主要是对该书内容的介绍。故可以推知，本文最有可能摘自书的序言。故选A。
2．What are the selected artworks about
A．Wealth and intellect.
B．Home and school.
C．Books and reading.
D．Work and leisure.
答案与解析：C　细节理解题。通过文章第二段“artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these connections between different eras and cultures. We see scenes of children learning to read at home or at school, with the book as a focus for relations between the generations. (艺术品的选择和排列方式强调了不同时代和文化之间的联系。我们看到孩子们在家里或学校学习阅读的场景，这本书是几代人之间关系的焦点)”可知，选定的艺术品是关于书籍和阅读的。故选C。
3．What do the underlined words “relate to” in Paragraph 2 mean
A．Understand. B．Paint.
C．Seize. D．Transform.
答案与解析：A　词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these connections between different eras and cultures. We see scenes of children learning to read at home or at school, with the book as a focus for relations between the generations. (艺术品的选择和排列方式强调了不同时代和文化之间的联系。我们看到孩子们在家里或学校学习阅读的场景，这本书是几代人之间关系的焦点)”以及“These scenes may have been painted hundreds of years ago, but they record moments (这些场景可能是数百年前绘制的，但它们记录了一些时刻)”可推知，此处指书籍是人类之间相互联系和理解的纽带，故与画线短语“relate to”意思最相近的为A项“理解、认识到”。故选A。
4．What does the author want to say by mentioning the e reader
A．The printed book is not totally out of date.
B．Technology has changed the way we read.
C．Our lives in the 21st century are networked.
D．People now rarely have the patience to read.
答案与解析：A　推理判断题。通过文章最后一段“it remains as interactive as any battery powered e reader (它仍然像任何电池供电的电子阅读器一样具有互动性)”以及“printed book still offers the chance of a wholly private, ‘off line’ activity (印刷书籍仍然提供了完全私人的‘离线’活动的机会)”可推知，本文作者提到电子阅读器想表达的是印刷书籍并没有完全过时。故选A。
B
2024·济南模拟 说明文 264词 ★★★☆☆
There is nothing quite like enjoying the sights, sounds and culture of a city while tasting a cup of coffee outdoors. But it is not that enjoyable when heat waves sweep the city. An outdoor cooling system produced by Green Kinonko , an Israeli (以色列的) company , began to be tested in Tel Aviv. The sweltering city is a perfect place to try the new technology.
With global warming heating up the temperature, it will soon be too hot to sit outside in cafes. While outdoor cooling systems have existed for a while，most of them use some sort of water or a misting system to cool the air around them, consuming too much water and power. After two years of development, the perfect solution to the problem was found. “We have invented a new generation of air conditioners，” Green Kinonko's CEO Leizer said.
As Leizer introduced, the energy is from the pressure created between liquid nitrogen (氮) and gas nitrogen. When liquid nitrogen at －196 ℃ turns into gas, it produces a very strong pressure and the pressure is used to run a mechanical engine. It is the mechanical engine that slowly releases freezing nitrogen gas to cool down the air around it.
The technology is unique and amazing. Beyond the coolness of the concept，it also has other advantages. The work unit doesn't need to be power driven, and doesn't blow out harmful warm air as it works. As for the potential price, it will probably be no more expensive than any other air conditioner. In addition, the liquid nitrogen container will need to be replaced every seven to ten days, depending on usage. This makes it an affordable option for all sorts of businesses. The cooling system is expected to be on the market in 2024.
【语篇解读】　以色列一家公司研发出了一套新型户外冷却系统，该系统有望在2024年面世。
5．What does the underlined word “sweltering” in Paragraph 1 mean
A．Warm. B．Dry.
C．Hot. D．Freezing.
答案与解析：C　理解词汇。根据画线词前面的“An outdoor cooling system”可知，这个户外系统的功能是冷却，因此，如果该城市是试用这个户外冷却系统的最佳城市，那么可以推测这个城市肯定很热，故C项与画线词的意义最为接近。
6．What problem does the existing outdoor cooling systems have
A．They are wasteful.
B．They overheat easily.
C．They often break down.
D．They are slow to cool the air.
答案与解析：A　推断。根据第二段中的“most of them use some sort of water or a misting system to cool the air around them, consuming too much water and power”可知，现有的户外冷却系统会消耗太多的水电，由此可以推断，它们比较浪费，故A项正确。
7．What does Paragraph 3 mainly explain
A．What powers the engine.
B．What turns liquid into gas.
C．How the pressure is formed.
D．How the new system works.
答案与解析：D　推断。根据第三段中的“the energy is from the pressure... it produces a very strong pressure and the pressure is used to run a mechanical engine... releases freezing nitrogen gas to cool down the air around it”可知，第三段主要解释了该新型冷却系统的整个运行原理，故D项正确。
8．What is the purpose of this text
A．To promote a company.
B．To settle an energy crisis.
C．To introduce a technology.
D．To market a misting system.
答案与解析：C　理解目的。本文第一段中的“An outdoor cooling system... began to be tested in Tel Aviv”点明文章主题；第二段讲述了现有的户外冷却系统的问题；第三段讲述了这种新型冷却系统的工作原理；第四段讲述了这种新型冷却系统的优势和前景。由此可知，本文的目的是介绍一种新技术，故C项正确。
Ⅱ.读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
[2024·江苏南京六校联合调研]Walking on the street, the bitter cold of a December day in Washington, D．C. was ruining my mood. The temperature was below zero so I ducked into the subway station, hoping to get warm.
Warmth came to my body as I settled onto a bench with a cup of hot coffee. Now I was ready to relax and do some serious people watching. I noticed a homeless man seated nearby. The pleasant smell of delicious food from the subway food court (餐饮区) was tempting me to consider an early dinner. From the longing look in my neighbor's eyes it was obvious that he, too, noticed the good smell. I wondered how long it had been since he had eaten anything, expecting he would approach me for a handout (施舍). But he never did. My head and heart were battling it out: the former telling me to mind my own business, and the latter urging me to make an immediate trip to the food court for him.
While this inner debate was fierce, a well dressed young couple suddenly approached. “Excuse me, sir，” began the husband. “We just finished eating and our appetite wasn't as big as we thought. We hate to waste food. Can you help us out and put this to good use？” The kind stranger handed a large container with food. “Thank you.” came the grateful reply. Feeling good about what I had seen, but disappointed by my own lack of action, I observed my neighbor's response to his sudden good fortune.
He lifted the soup, cupping his hands around the steaming bowl. It was obvious that he was going to enjoy this miracle meal. He opened his mouth and suddenly, he stopped.
The reason for this unexpected behavior soon became clear. Entering the hall was a new arrival, in his seventies, hatless and gloveless. His lightweight jacket was a poor protection against cold. His face and hands were red and damaged. People around focused on him with pity and whispered at this sad sight.
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
My neighbor was the only one taking action.
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Tears blurred my vision when I went to buy food at the food court.
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One possible version：
My neighbor was the only one taking action. Quickly pulling aside his miracle meal, my neighbor leaped up and guided the elderly man to share the seat. Numb with cold, the old man didn't expected the invitation, moving clumsily. Hardly had he seated himself when my neighbor tenderly put his down jacket over the older man's shoulders, slipping his arms into sleeves. Finally, he said, “Can you help me out？”， pointing to the meal and placing the steaming cup of soup in the stranger's hands. Seeing this, my head and heart stopped battling and I had my decision.
Tears blurred my vision when I went to buy food at the food court. What my neighbour said exactly spoke my mind. With regret, I felt obliged to do the same. Respectfully and cautiously, I approached them with steaming soup and a sandwich. People around cast an approving smile
in my direction. “Can you help me out？” I asked. “Why not？” he added jokingly. “But only if you go halfway with me on that sandwich, which is too much for a man of my age .” It wasn't until that day that I truly learned the meaning of sharing. I left the subway station feeling warmer than I had ever thought possible.
答题策略
语法填空——非谓语动词的运用
非谓语动词的运用
① 作主语或介词宾语，该用动词 ing，而不用动词原形
② 作定语、状语、补语时，正确运用非谓语动词形式，记熟非谓语动词的各种形式及语法功能是正确做题的关键
③ 在“make＋宾语＋补语”结构中不用不定式符号to；在“ask sb. to do sth.”结构中不能丢掉to或to后错用成doing
④ 留意只接to do或只接动词 ing作宾语的动词或动词短语
⑤ 注意 ed和 ing形式的非谓语动词与其逻辑主语是被动还是主动关系，是正确解题的关键所在
⑥ 非谓语动词主动表被动的几种形式练习43　阅读理解＋应用文写作
授课提示：对应学生用书108页
　
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
2024·福建省练习卷 应用文 285词 ★★★☆☆
Many of the top museums and cultural attractions in L．A. are your best choices if you visit Los Angeles. From ancient artifacts to modern art, read on for our guide in Los Angeles.
Museum of Latin American Art: Founded in 1996, it is the only art museum in the United States devoted to modern and contemporary Latin American art. Since its beginning, it has doubled its size, added a 15，000 square foot sculpture garden and expanded its permanent collection, ranging from works by Tamayo and Matta to Cruz Diez, Los Carpinteros and Tunga. Free admission every Sunday.
Autry Museum of the American West: Located in Griffith Park, the Autry features world class galleries filled with Native American art and artifacts, film memorabilia, historic firearms and more. The Autry's collection of more than 500，000 pieces of art and artifacts includes the Southwest Museum of the American Indian Collection, one of the largest and most significant collections of Native American materials in the country. Free admission on the second Tuesday of every month.
Descanso Gardens: Located in La Canada Flintridge, the 160 acre Descanso Gardens was originally developed in 1936 by Elias Manchester Boddy, whose numerous interests included hort iculture and politics. Descanso Gardens offers numerous areas for exploring, including a Japanese tea garden, water wise garden, Oak Woodland, California Garden, and the world's largest collection of camellia flowers. Free admission on the third Tuesday of every month.
Kidspace Children's Museum: Founded in 1979 by members of the Caltech community and Junior League of Pasadena, the museum develops the potential of all kids through kid driven experiences, inspiring them to become joyful, active learners. Admission to the museum is free on First Fridays.
1．What is special about Museum of Latin American Art
A.It has a very long history.
B．It has been continuously enlarged.
C．It owns Native American artifacts.
D．It offers a wide range of exploration.
答案与解析：B　理解具体信息。根据第二段的“Since its beginning...Los Carpinteros and Tunga”可知，拉丁美洲艺术博物馆自成立以来便不断扩大，故B项正确。
2．Which of the following helps to promote initiative
A.Museum of Latin American Art.
B．Autry Museum of the American West.
C．Descanso Gardens.
D．Kidspace Children's Museum.
答案与解析：D　理解具体信息。根据最后一段的“the museum develops the potential...active learners”可知，儿童空间博物馆通过以儿童为主导的体验开发所有孩子的潜力，鼓励他们成为快乐的、积极的学习者。据此可知，儿童空间博物馆促进了孩子们的潜力开发，并鼓励他们成为积极、快乐的学习者，故D项正确。
3．What do the museums and the gardens have in common
A．They take up large areas.
B．They have diverse cultures.
C．They collect artworks permanently.
D．They offer free admission regularly.
答案与解析：D　理解具体信息。通读全文可知，每个介绍的最后一句都说明了定期免费入场的信息，据此可知，这四个地点的共同之处是可以定期免费入场，故D项正确。
B
2024·广东高考模拟 说明文 342词 ★★★☆☆
A new study has found that a child's reading speed can be improved by simply increasing the space between letters within a piece of text. The research, led by Dr Steven Stagg of Anglia Ruskin University (ARU), examined the benefits of letter spacing and coloured overlays (颜色标注) among children.
Two groups of children, dyslexic (有阅读障碍的) and non dyslexic children, were asked to read four texts with either standard or extra large letter spacing, both with and without a coloured overlay. They were instructed to read the text out loud while being recorded. The recording was used to measure the number of errors they made—specifically missed words, added words, wrong words, and pronunciation—as well as the participants' reading time.
The study discovered that the text with increased space between letters provided benefits for both groups. On average, the dyslexic group showed a 13% increase in reading speed, while the group of non dyslexic children showed a 5% increase. In addition to improving reading speed, it also resulted in a significant decline in the number of words missed by the children with dyslexic. However, the study found that coloured overlays had no significant impact on reading speed or the reduction of errors for either group.
Dr Stagg, Senior Lecturer in Psychology at ARU, said, “We believe extra large letter spacing works by reducing what is known as the ‘crowding effect’， which can hamper the recognition of letters and reduce reading speed.”
“Our findings strongly suggest that teachers can be confident that all children would be helped by increased letter spacing in reading materials，” Dr Stagg added. “While we found that coloured overlays provided few benefits, we suggest children should be encouraged to use overlays if they find these help their reading. Coloured overlays may not increase reading speeds, but they may extend reading stamina (持久力). Previous research suggests their benefits may not become apparent if reading time is less than 10 minutes and the short reading duration of the tests in our study may have put coloured overlays at a disadvantage.”
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。一项新的研究发现，增加一篇文章中字母之间的间隔可以提高孩子的阅读速度。
4．Which of the following best describes the research process in Paragraph 2
A. Illustrate, group and report.
B. Read, instruct and measure.
C. Question, assume and prove.
D. Categorize, record and count.
答案与解析：D　理解具体信息。本题问“下面哪一项最好地描述了第二段中的研究过程？”根据题干信息，将答案定位在第二段。研究人员首先将学生分为有阅读障碍的一组和没有阅读障碍的一组，然后他们被要求在录音的同时大声朗读课文，最后这段录音被用来测量两组学生所犯错误的数量以及参与者的阅读时间，由此可知，第二段的研究过程为分类、录音和计数，故选D。
5．What can we learn about increased letter spacing from Paragraph 3
A. It reduces reading errors.
B. It sharpens reading skills.
C. It arouses reading interest.
D. It enhances reading comprehension.
答案与解析：A　理解具体信息。根据第三段的第三句话可知，加大字母间距不仅可以提高阅读速度，而且可以明显减少患有阅读障碍的儿童遗漏的单词数量，即阅读错误，故选A。
6．What does the underlined word “hamper” in Paragraph 4 probably mean
A. Obtain. B. Prevent.
C. Change. D. Involve.
答案与解析：B　理解词汇。根据上文可知，加大的字母间距可以通过减少所谓的“拥挤效应”来发挥作用，从而减少阅读错误，因此画线词所在句子指“拥挤效应”会阻碍字母的识别，降低阅读速度，故画线词意为“阻碍”，与B项的词义最为接近。
7．What can be inferred about coloured overlays from Paragraph 5
A. They might not have been evaluated fairly.
B. They might not be recommended by experts.
C. They might work better in short reading.
D. They might have some disadvantages.
答案与解析：A　推断。根据第五段中的“Previous research suggests their benefits may not become apparent... may have put coloured overlays at a disadvantage”可知，如果阅读时间少于10分钟，颜色标注的好处可能不会显现出来，而研究中测试的短阅读时间可能会使颜色标注处于不利地位。由此可知，颜色标注可能没有得到公平的评估，故选A。
Ⅱ.应用文写作
[2024·广东广州调研]学校英语俱乐部正在开展以“Ways to Relieve Stress”为题的讨论。请根据图表中的调查结果写一篇发言稿，内容包括：
1．简述调查结果；
2．评价并提出建议。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Ways to Relieve Stress
Recently a survey was carried out about ways to relieve stress.
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One possible version 1：
Ways to Relieve Stress
Recently a survey was carried out about ways to relieve stress. The majority of the respondents watched videos or listened to music to paratively, only a small number of students chose exercise or talking to others.
While videos and music are fun, spending too much time on them may cause us to ignore more important things. There are actually better options available. For example, doing exercise or talking with friends not only relieves stress but also brings us closer.
So, if we feel stressed, it's useful to try different ways to relax which can help both our body and mind. That's all. Thank you!
One possible version 2：
Ways to Relieve Stress
Recently a survey was carried out about ways to relieve stress. Surprisingly, four fifths of the respondents regarded watching videos as their preferred way to ease stress, closely followed by listening to music. In contrast，only a small percent of individuals chose sports or chatting with others.
While videos and music offer amusement and fascination，excessive indulgence may distract our attention from our studies and daily lives. On the contrary, not only does participating in sports promote physical well being, but communicating with our friends and parents can also provide comfort.
Therefore, I suggest that we adopt a combination of stress relief methods, prioritizing those that enhance both our physical and mental health. Thank you for listening!
答题策略
语法填空——定语从句
定语从句题的解题步骤(1)
例题 But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid 1980s，________ I was the first Western TV reporter permitted to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.
步骤
① 确定先行词the mid 1980s指物，从that, which, whose, when, why, where中选择(见上一个答题策略表格)
② 确定the mid 1980s在从句中作时间状语，故用when引导定语从句
答案,when　先行词the mid 1980s表示时间，且在从句中作时间状语，故用关系副词when引导定语从句练习50　七选五＋完形填空＋应用文写作
授课提示：对应学生用书126页
　
Ⅰ.七选五
2022·全国乙卷 应用文 326词 ★★★☆☆
Friendship needs care and attention to keep it in good health. Here are five ways to sustain (保持) long distance friendships.
Set a regular date
Long lasting friendships share the characteristic that both sides equally contact (联系) and share with one another. With busy schedules, squeezing in phone calls can be a challenge. __1__.
More isn't always merrier
Make sure you have communicated with your friend about how frequently each of you wants to be contacted and what method works best for you both. __2__. There are alternatives to constant written communication, such as leaving voice messages or having a group chat.
Practise empathy (共情)
__3__. The friend who is remaining needs to be sensitive to all the additional time demands placed on the friend who has moved. The one in the new environment should be sympathetic to the fact that your friend may feel abandoned.
__4__
Anniversaries and birthdays carry even more weight in long distance friendships. Although technology might make day to day communication possible, extra effort goes a long way on special days. Simply keeping a diary that keeps track of friends' birthdays and other important dates will make sure nothing slips by you.
Don't rely on technology alone
__5__， but long distance friendships—even close ones—may require more conscious effort to sustain. Try to seek out chances to renew friendships. How to do it Just spend face to face time together whenever possible.
A．Remember important dates
B．Compensate by writing letters
C．It is also helpful for you to be a friendship keeper
D．Try to find a time that works for both of you and stick to it
E．Friends need to talk about their preferred methods of communication
F．It is easy to have a sense of connectedness through social media
G．You may be the friend who left or the one who was left behind
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇应用文，介绍了五种维系异地友谊的方法。
1．答案与解析：D　上文“With busy schedules, squeezing in phone calls can be a challenge.”(平日繁忙，很难抽出时间打电话。)讲的是双方都很忙碌，很难有时间给对方打电话，D项“尽量找个双方都有空的时间去打电话，并坚持下去” 给出了解决没时间打电话这个问题的方法，符合题意。故选D项。
2．答案与解析：E　上文“Make sure you have communicated with your friend about how frequently each of you wants to be contacted and what method works best for you both.”(确保你已经和你的朋友沟通过，了解你们想要联系的频率，以及哪种方法对你们双方都最有效。)提到异地朋友之间要商量沟通方式，E项“朋友需要谈论他们喜欢的交流方式”承接上文，进一步提出对交流的方法的沟通，下文“There are alternatives to constant written communication, such as leaving voice messages or having a group chat.”(除了持续的文字交流，还有其他选择，比如留下语音信息或进行群聊。)对E项中的“methods of communication”进行了举例说明，上下文语意连贯。故选E项。
3．答案与解析：G　下文“The friend who is remaining”(留下来的朋友)和“The one in the new environment”(在新环境中的那个)提到朋友的两个不同处境，G项“你可能是朋友中离开的那一方，也可能是被留下的那一方”指出了异地友谊中分为离开的一方和留下的一方，其中“the friend who left”和“the one who was left behind”分别对应下文“The one in the new environment”和“The friend who is remaining”，所以G项符合题意。故选G项。
4．答案与解析：A　分析文章结构可知，设空处的内容是维系异地友谊的第四个方法，是第五段的小标题。下文“Anniversaries and birthdays carry even more weight in long distance friendships.”(周年纪念日和生日对于异地友谊而言是非常重要的。)讲的是诸如周年纪念日和生日等重要的日子对于维系异地友谊是非常重要的，由此推知，这段对应的维系异地友谊的方法是A项“记得重要的日子”，所以A项符合题意。故选A项。
5．答案与解析：F　设空处所在句子的后半句“but long distance friendships—even close ones—may require more conscious effort to sustain.”(但是异地友谊——甚至是关系亲密的友谊——可能需要更加自觉地去维系。)讲的是我们要更加自觉地维系异地友谊，其中“but”说明后半句与设空处形成转折，而F项“朋友之间很容易通过社交媒体产生一种联结感”讲的是可以通过社交媒体这种方式很容易与朋友产生联结，与后半句“require more conscious effort to sustain”形成转折，而且其中的“social media”呼应了该段的小标题“Don't rely on technology alone”(不要仅仅依赖技术)中的“technology”。故选F项。
Ⅱ.完形填空
2024·湖北联考 记叙文 295词 ★★★★☆
Goldie's Secret
She turned up at the doorstep of my house. No way could I have sent her away. No way. Maybe someone had __1__ her out of their car the night before. “We're moving house.”“No __2__ for her any more with the new baby coming.” People find all sorts of excuses for __3__ an animal.
She was one of the most beautiful dogs I had ever seen. I called her Goldie. She was so unsettled during those first few days, hardly able to eat anything and had such a(n) __4__ of sadness about her. There was nothing I could do to make her happy, it seemed. Heaven knows what had happened to her at her previous owner's. But eventually at the end of the first week she __5__ . Always by my side, whether we were out or sitting by the fire.
That's why it was such a __6__ when she pulled away from me one day when we were out for a walk. We were a long way from home, when she started barking and getting very __7__． Eventually I couldn't hold her any longer and she __8__ down the road towards a farmhouse.
By the time I reached the farm I was very tired and __9__ with Goldie. But when I saw her licking (舔) the four puppies I started to feel __10__ to them. “Oh! Honey, I can't believe my eyes！” cheered the woman at the door. “I took her for a(n) __11__ one day, soon after the puppies were born, and she just disappeared.” She explained to me. “She must have tried to come back and got __12__ ，” added a boy from behind her, eyes sparkling __13__ .
I must admit I do miss Goldie, but I've got Nugget now, and she looks just like her __14__ . And I've learnt a good lesson: not to __15__ people.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。一天，一只狗狗出现在作者家门口的台阶上，似乎被人遗弃了。作者收留了它，并给它起名Goldie。起初，Goldie情绪低落，几乎不吃东西。一周之后，它开始依恋作者。可是，有一天外出散步的时候，它却跑向了一户农舍。当作者追上去的时候，发现它正在舔自己的四个宝宝。它的主人对Goldie的失而复得感到非常开心，最后作者收养了Goldie四个宝宝中的一个。
1．A.kicked B．invited
C．asked D．knocked
答案与解析：A　根据下文中的“at her previous owner's”可知，狗狗似乎是被遗弃了。据此可以推测，狗狗可能是被前任主人从车上踢(kicked)下来的。
2．A.credit B．food
C．space D．security
答案与解析：C　根据本句中的“with the new baby coming”和生活常识可知，新生儿降生需要占用家里的空间，这样就不再有狗狗的空间(space)了。credit“信用，信贷，声望，学分”；security“保证，安全”。
3．A.hurting B．buying
C．selling D．abandoning
答案与解析：D　根据上文的描述和本句中的“People find all sorts of excuses”可以推测，人们会找各种借口遗弃(abandoning)动物。
4．A.case B．tone
C．air D．status
答案与解析：C　根据空前的“She was so unsettled... hardly able to eat anything”和空后的“sadness about her. There was nothing I could do to make her happy”可知，Goldie心绪不宁，几乎不吃东西，作者也没法让它开心起来。据此可以推断，Goldie带着悲伤的神情。此处air意为“感觉，印象，神态”，属于熟词生义的用法。case“实例，案件，箱子”；tone“语气，腔调，口吻”；status“地位，身份”。
5．A.sat down B．calmed down
C．broke down D．slowed down
答案与解析：B　此处与上文的“She was so unsettled during those first few days”形成对比。结合空后的“Always by my side”可以看出，在第一周结束时，Goldie平静(calmed down)了下来。break down“使分解，出故障”；slow down“放慢节奏”。
6．A.shock B．comfort
C．delight D．horror
答案与解析：A　根据上文中的“Always by my side...the fire”可以看出，Goldie很粘作者，因此，“she pulled away from me one day when we were out for a walk”让作者很震惊(shock)。comfort“安慰者，慰藉物”；delight“使人高兴的事”；horror“令人惊恐的事”。
7．A.restless B．helpless
C．annoyed D．scared
答案与解析：A　根据空前的“she started barking”和下文中的“I couldn't hold her any longer”可知，Goldie变得坐立不安(restless)。helpless“无助的”；annoyed“恼怒的，烦恼的”；scared“惊恐的，恐惧的”。
8．A.took off B．showed off
C．kept off D．raced off
答案与解析：D　根据下文中的“By the time I reached the farm”可知，Goldie朝那户农舍跑了过去。take off“脱掉，起飞”；show off“炫耀，卖弄”；keep off“使让开，阻止……靠近”；race off“跑开”。
9．A.bored B．upset
C．patient D．thrilled
答案与解析：B　空处与空前的tired并列，应在感彩上保持一致。根据语境可知，作者一路追过来，当作者到达农舍时，作者感到很累，且对Goldie的行为感到生气。be upset with...“对……感到不快”。bored“厌烦的”；patient“有耐心的”；thrilled“非常兴奋，极为激动的”。
10．A.devoted B．grateful
C．sympathetic D．committed
答案与解析：C　根据空前的“when I saw her licking (舔) the four puppies”并结合生活常识可知，看到Goldie舔四只小狗时，作者不禁对它们感到同情(sympathetic)。devoted“挚爱的，忠诚的”；grateful“感激的”；committed“尽心尽力的，忠诚的”。
11．A.show B．walk
C．sale D．tour
答案与解析：B　根据空后的“soon after the puppies were born”并结合生活常识可知，此处表示Goldie生了小狗之后，主人带它去散步(walk)，也可以理解成遛狗。
12．A.injured B．killed
C．lost D．trapped
答案与解析：C　根据上文的“she just disappeared”可知，小男孩认为Goldie迷路(lost)了。injured“受伤的，有伤的”。
13．A.with care B．with joy
C．in astonishment D．in terror
答案与解析：B　结合生活常识可知，Goldie走丢之后又回来了，小主人的眼中闪烁着喜悦(with joy)。 with care“小心地”；in astonishment “惊讶地”；in terror“惊恐地”。
14．A.fellow B．owner
C．friend D．mother
答案与解析：D　根据上文中的“I saw her licking (舔) the four puppies”和本句中的“she looks just like”可以推测，Goldie应该是Nugget的母亲(mother)。fellow“家伙，同伴，同事”。
15．A.judge B．expect
C．tease D．observe
答案与解析：A　根据上文可知，Goldie的主人并没有遗弃Goldie，而Goldie之所以跑走也不是因为不感恩作者。综上可知，在生活中，我们不应该通过表面去评判(judge)别人。tease“取笑，嘲弄”；observe“注意到，观察到”。
Ⅲ.应用文写作
假定你是李华，某英文杂志中学生生活板块正在招聘兼职作者，请你写一封申请信，内容包括：
1．写信目的；
2．说明优势；
3．表达期待。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Sir or Madam，
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Yours，
Li Hua
One possible version：
Dear Sir or Madam，
Learning your magazine is looking for part time writers for the section focusing on life of high school students, I'm writing to apply for this position.
As a Senior 3 student, I believe my first hand experiences and daily life will be important sources of inspiration. Besides, writing has been a hobby of mine since I was a child. Keeping on writing every day improves my writing skills greatly. What's more, I've acquired a good command of English, which makes me more qualified for the job.
I would be very grateful if you could offer me the opportunity. Looking forward to your reply.
Yours，
Li Hua
答题策略
语法填空——名词
甄别名词的数与格错误
数
① 可数名词大于一时用复数，不可数名词没有复数形式。易考查的不可数名词：luggage, information, language, furniture, equipment, knowledge, fun, advice等
② 根据名词前的修饰语判断名词的数，如these，lots of, several, many等后面应为复数名词
③ 根据谓语动词的数判断作主语的名词的数：谓语动词或助动词用复数，主语就用复数；谓语动词或助动词用单数，主语就用单数
④ 根据上下文信息判断名词的数：比如上文交代了人数，后文对应的名词的数应该与上文一致
⑤ 根据生活常识判断名词的数：比如一个人的肩膀是一左一右，不特别指明是某一边的肩膀时，shoulder应用复数
格,⑥,根据逻辑意义判断名词的格：比如表示“到达朋友家”应为at my friend's练习37　语法填空＋阅读理解
授课提示：对应学生用书93页
　
Ⅰ.语法填空
2024·重庆质检 说明文 175词 ★★★☆☆
As night fell on the northwestern Chinese city of Zhongwei, with the Milky Way gradually revealing 1.________ (it), the astronomy photographer Dong Shuchang skillfully seized the moment.
In the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, under the administration of Zhongwei, stargazing tourism has emerged 2.________ a famous attraction. Since the year 2000, this inland region has actively pursued a rebranding plan, 3.________ (position) itself as the “hometown of stars”. This ambitious attempt marks 4.________ significant milestone in the region's tourism landscape.
In the scenic destination of Shapotou, 5.________ is located within Zhongwei, an innovative star shaped hotel has been constructed. This distinctive hotel, which includes a star theme and enlightens (启发) lectures on astronomy, 6.________ (attract) visitors from the south of China up to now. According to Wu Zhanjun, a marketing manager, the hotel receives such overwhelming demand during peak seasons 7.________ hotel rooms are consistently fully booked.
Ningxia is presently engaged in an 8.________ (explore) aimed at expanding its large numbers of tourism products. Zhongwei's task centers on the belief that its 9.________ (star) skies have the potential 10.________ (add) energy to the conventional tourism.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。自2000年以来，宁夏回族自治区中卫市积极推行形象重塑计划，将自己定位为“星星之乡”，它相信它的星空有可能为传统旅游业增添活力。
1．答案与解析：itself　夜幕降临在中国西北部的中卫市，银河逐渐显露出来，天文摄影师董书畅巧妙地捕捉到了这一刻。此处为“with的复合结构”作状语，其中空处作revealing的宾语，revealing的逻辑主语the Milky Way与revealing的宾语为同一事物，空处应用反身代词形式。故填itself。
2．答案与解析：as　在宁夏回族自治区中卫市，观星旅游已经成为一个著名的景点。根据句意，空处应用介词as，表示“作为”。故填as。
3．答案与解析：positioning　自2000年以来，这个内陆地区积极推行形象重塑计划，将自己定位为“星星之乡”。句中已有谓语动词，空处应用非谓语动词作状语。动词position与其逻辑主语“this inland region”构成逻辑上的主谓关系，空处应用现在分词形式。故填positioning。
4．答案与解析：a　这一雄心勃勃的尝试标志着该地区旅游景观的一个重要里程碑。milestone“重大事件，里程碑”是可数名词，其前无限定词，此处表示泛指，空处应用不定冠词，且significant的发音以辅音音素开头。故填a。
5．答案与解析：which　位于中卫市沙坡头区的旅游目的地，新建了一家创新型的星形酒店。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Shapotou，空处在从句作主语，应用关系代词which引导该从句。故填which。
6．答案与解析：has attracted　这家独特的酒店，包括一个星星的主题和启发天文学的讲座，迄今为止已经吸引来了来自中国南方的游客。主句主语是“This distinctive hotel”，空处在主句中作谓语，根据时间状语up to now可知，空处应用现在完成时，且主语为单数形式，空处也用单数形式。故填has attracted。
7．答案与解析：that　据营销经理吴占军介绍，在旺季，酒店的需求如此巨大，以至于房间一直被订满。此处为“such...that...”引导结果状语从句。故填that。
8．答案与解析：exploration　宁夏目前正在进行探索以增加它大量的旅游产品。空处作谓语engaged in的宾语，且空前有冠词an，空处应用名词exploration，表示“探索”。故填exploration。
9．答案与解析：starry　中卫市的任务集中在相信它的星空有可能为传统旅游业增添活力。空处修饰名词skies，应用形容词starry，表示“布满星星的”。故填starry。
10．答案与解析：to add　参见上题解析。have the potential to do sth.表示“有潜力做某事”，其中动词不定式作后置定语。故填to add。
Ⅱ.阅读理解
A
2024·济南市高三检测 应用文 280词 ★★★☆☆
If you always sit indoors for too long, putting on weight may become a trouble. Tired of all that fat If so, these sports can help you burn the most calories.
Running
“Running is one of the best caloric burners out there，” qualified personal trainer Daniel Saltos says. An average person can burn anywhere from 500 to 1，000 calories in one hour of running. “Speed, pace, and tolerance are all factors that can impact this range. But running uses every muscle group in the body, allowing you to burn more calories.”
Swimming
“Swimming is a workout that produces the lowest impact on body while it still can burn 500 to 600 calories in just 30 minutes，” Saltos says. Swimming also improves heart health and increases strength—all great reasons for playing in the water.
Boxing
Not only is boxing a great way to release energy, but it also helps improve balance, builds up tolerance and strengthens the upper body and core. “Boxing helps you get a good calorie burn, too, with the average person burning up 400 to 800 calories in an hour session，” Saltos says.
Rowing
The pushing and pulling motion of rowing machines targets multiple muscle groups including the arms, core, and back, helping you to burn more calories. “An hour of rowing will burn 400 to 600 calories on average，” Saltos says.
1．Which sport can burn the most calories per hour
A．Boxing. B．Running.
C．Swimming. D．Rowing.
答案与解析：C　理解具体信息。根据Running中的“An average person...hour of running”可知，一个普通人在一小时的跑步中可以消耗500到1 000卡路里的热量。根据Swimming中的“Swimming is a．..just 30 minutes”可知，游泳在短短30分钟内仍然可以燃烧500到600卡路里。根据Boxing中的“Boxing helps you...an hour session”可知，拳击一小时能燃烧400到800卡路里。根据Rowing中的“An hour of...calories on average”可知，一小时的划船平均可以燃烧400到600卡路里。由此可知，游泳每小时燃烧的卡路里最多。
2．What is the advantage of swimming according to the text
A．It enhances balance.
B．It improves tolerance.
C．It produces low impact.
D．It builds muscle groups.
答案与解析：C　理解具体信息。根据Swimming中的“Swimming is a workout that produces the lowest impact on body”可知，游泳是一种对身体影响最小的锻炼方式。
3．Who is the text intended for
A．Great athletes. B．Fitness experts.
C．Sports reporters. D．Overweight persons.
答案与解析：D　推断。通读全文，尤其是第一段的内容可知，本文旨在介绍四项帮助减肥的运动。由此可推知，本篇文章是写给肥胖者的。
B
2024·济南市检测 新闻报道 324词 ★★★☆☆
Lam Hon ming, director of the State Key Laboratory at the Chinese University of Hong Kong, is a top expert in soybean (大豆) research. Since 1998, Lam's team has been cooperating with scientists in Chinese mainland. In 2010, he came across Zhang Guohong, an agricultural expert from Gansu, China, at a national soybean conference. With the same major, they hit it off and decided to improve farmers' lives and promote local agriculture.
Farmers in Gansu depend largely on the weather for their livelihood, mainly on rainfall, which is also a cause of severe poorness in the area. In 2016, they developed three new soybean varieties suited to salty soil and rare rainfall of Northwest China. All received official government approval.
As the land in Northwest China is not suitable for the growth of common varieties of soybeans, local farmers never planted soybeans, and it became a major problem for spreading new soybeans. Lam and Zhang increased communication with farmers through various ways. To ensure farmers' income, Lam struck a partnership with a Hong Kong food company that will purchase all soybeans at market price when they are harvested.
By 2020, the planting area of the three approved soybeans in Gansu had gone beyond 2.4 million square kilometers, covering 46 of the province's 80 plus counties, and the output had reached 7.71 million kilograms, adding about 30 million yuan to local farmers' income.
Zhang said that Professor Lam's contribution has greatly pushed the poorness relief and agricultural research in Northwest China. “It is hard to keep doing agricultural research with less funding. And it is more difficult to travel from Hong Kong to the poor areas of the Northwest to do agricultural research，” he added. In the future, Lam will continue to work with mainland scientists and lead more “Hong Kong power” into the development of the country's Northwest.
【语篇解读】　香港中文大学国家重点实验室主任林汉明和甘肃的农业专家张国宏通过自己的研究成果帮助甘肃农民改善生活，推动甘肃当地农业发展。
4．What can we know about the two scientists from Paragraph 1
A．They have been friends since 1998.
B．They both major in agriculture.
C．They once served in the same lab.
D．They met by chance in Hong Kong.
答案与解析：B　理解具体信息。根据第一段中的“Lam Hon ming...soybean (大豆) research”“In 2010...With the same major, they hit it off and decided to improve farmers' lives and promote local agriculture”可知，林汉明是大豆研究的顶级专家。2010年，他在一次全国大豆会议上偶遇了来自甘肃的农业专家张国宏，他们两位专业相同。据此可知，这两位科学家都主修农业。
5．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 3 refer to
A．Rainfall is not enough.
B．The locals lived a poor life.
C．Little land is rich in nutrition.
D．The farmers never planted soybeans.
答案与解析：D　理解词汇。根据第三段画线词所在句“As the land...spreading new soybeans”可知，由于西北地区的土地不适合种植普通大豆品种，当地农民从不种植大豆，这成为推广新大豆的一大难题。it指代上文的当地农民从不种植大豆这种情况，故选D。
6．What does Paragraph 4 mainly tell us
A．More work needs to be done.
B．All farmers become better off.
C．The two scientists are successful.
D．Soybeans grow throughout Gansu.
答案与解析：C　理解段落主旨要义。根据第四段的内容可知，截至2020年，三批大豆在甘肃的种植面积超过240万平方公里，覆盖全省80多个县中的46个，产量达到771万公斤，为当地农民增加收入约3 000万元。据此可知，该段主要告诉我们两位科学家成功了。
7．Which of the following can best describe Lam Hon ming
A．Dependent. B．Honest.
C．Open minded. D．Devoted.
答案与解析：D　推断。根据最后一段可知，林教授的贡献极大地推动了中国西北地区的扶贫和农业研究。尽管资金减少、研究困难，但是林教授将继续与内地科学家合作，带领更多的“香港力量”参与中国西北地区的开发。据此可推知，林汉明具有奉献精神。
答题策略
语法填空——非谓语动词
非谓语动词之间区分步骤实例(2)
例题 You can imagine how terribly shy I was with so many eyes________ (fix) upon me.
步骤
① 找逻辑主语：eye发生fix这一动作，eyes是逻辑主语
② 判断主被动关系： eye与fix之间是逻辑上的被动关系，用fixed
答案,fixed　此处是一个with复合结构。宾语eyes与fix之间存在逻辑上的被动关系，故用其过去分词形式fixed作宾语补足语练习26　语法填空＋七选五＋完形填空
授课提示：对应学生用书65页
　
Ⅰ.语法填空
2024·浙江1月 新闻报道 230词 ★★★☆☆
The shelves in most supermarkets are full of family size this and multi buy that. However, if you're shopping for one, buying extra 1.________ (benefit) from price reductions doesn't make sense. Either your shopping is then too heavy to carry home 2.________ you can't use what you've bought while it's still fresh.
Of course, shops are not charities—they price goods in the way 3.________ will make them the most money. If most of their customers are happy to buy larger quantities, that's 4.________ they'll promote. But that leaves the solo (单独) customers out of pocket and disappointed.
Many supermarkets are no longer doing “buy one get one free” promotions because of the 5.________ (criticize) that they lead to waste. Consumers prefer money off individual items. However, though it's nice to get a few cents off a pack of sausages, it would help even more if they could sometimes 6.________ (offer) in smaller packs. Even the biggest sausage fan doesn't want to eat them every day.
If your supermarket sells loose produce, then buying smaller quantities is easier. Over the last two years, some supermarkets 7.________ (start) selling chicken or salad in packs 8.________ (design) with two halves containing separate portions (份). Then, when you use one section, 9.________ other stays fresh.
Who knows, perhaps some of the more forward looking 10.________ (one) may yet come out with a whole range of “just for you” pack sizes with special offers as well.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇新闻报道。文章对商家各式各样的促销手段进行了介绍。
1．答案与解析：to benefit　然而，如果你是想买一件，那么多买一件来享受降价是没有意义的。根据句意可知，此处指多买一件来享受降价，应用动词不定式作目的状语，故填to benefit。
2．答案与解析：or　要么你买的东西太重，搬不回家，要么你不能在你买的东西仍然新鲜时使用。“either...or...”为固定句式，表示“要么……要么……”，故填or。
3．答案与解析：that/which　当然，商店不是慈善机构——他们以最赚钱的方式给商品定价。空处引导定语从句，先行词为way，定语从句中缺少主语，故填that/which。
4．答案与解析：what　如果他们的大多数客户都乐意大量购买，那他们就会推广。空处引导表语从句，从句中缺少promote的宾语，且空处表示“……的事物”，故填what。
5．答案与解析：criticism　许多超市不再进行“买一送一”的促销活动，因为有人批评这些活动会造成浪费。空处作because of的宾语，根据空前的the和空后that引导的同位语从句可知，空处应用名词criticism表示“批评”，故填criticism。
6．答案与解析：be offered　然而，虽然一包香肠能便宜几美分是件好事，但如果有时能以小包装出售，那就更好了。空处在if引导的条件状语从句中作谓语，从句的主语they指代上文中的sausages，动词offer和从句主语构成被动关系，且空前有情态动词could，故填be offered。
7．答案与解析：have started　空处在句中作谓语，根据时间状语“Over the last two years”可知，空处应用现在完成时，且主语为复数名词，空处应用复数形式，故填have started。
8．答案与解析：designed　第7空在句中作谓语，空处应用非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰packs；动词design意为“设计”，与其逻辑主语packs构成动宾关系，应用过去分词形式，故填designed。
9．答案与解析：the　然后，当你食用其中一部分时，另一部分保持新鲜。the other特指两部分或两者中的另一个，故填the。
10．答案与解析：ones　谁知道呢，也许一些更有远见的人可能还会推出各种“只为你”的包装尺寸，并提供特别优惠。代词one意为“(某类人中的)一个”，其前有some of修饰，空处应用复数形式，故填ones。
Ⅱ.七选五
2024·合肥市高三质检 说明文 300词 ★★☆☆☆
When your child begins to beg for a pet, you may draw back at the thought of the additional responsibilities. Parents usually think of all the work and responsibility having a pet could bring about.__1__
·Teach responsibility.
A family pet can help show children the importance of proper care in keeping their new friend happy and healthy.__2__ Give your children a sense of responsibility by having them help meet these needs, whether they feel like it that day or not.
·Encourage exercise.
If you've ever been forced to keep up with a young dog or cat, you know how tiring it can be！__3__ By encouraging your child to play with his or her pet; both of them will get the exercise they need to sleep soundly and live healthy and happy lives.
·__4__
Teaching your child how to “play nicely” with and show affection to another living being is an essential first step toward developing lifelong empathy for others. Learning how to be a good friend of a pet will teach one how to be more open and friendly to other people as well.
·Be practical.
While the benefits of pet ownership are clear, pets are definitely not for everybody. Raising pets requires a large amount of work and responsibility. You'd better make sure the whole family is aware of the requirements that come along with the pet. __5__ It's best to introduce the potential pet to your child before bringing him or her home to ensure that there is a healthy connection.
A．Treat others well.
B．Form a close bond with a friend.
C．Pets are great for helping “break the ice”．
D．But you can use the pet's energy to your advantage.
E.Also, some pets can be very aggressive towardschildren.
F．All pets need to be fed, given fresh water, and exercised regularly.
G．However, allowing kids to keep a pet can teach you both some important lessons.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了养宠物给孩子们带来的益处。
1．答案与解析：G　分析语境寻线索：该空位于第一段段尾，该空前面提到家长对孩子养宠物可能不支持，后文的Teach responsibility以及Encourage exercise等说明让孩子养宠物是有好处的，由此可知该空起到承上启下的作用→对比选项定答案：综合各选项可知，G项“然而，允许孩子养宠物可以教给你们双方一些重要的经验”符合语境。
2．答案与解析：F　空前一句提到养宠物可以帮助孩子们了解适当照顾对让他们的新朋友快乐和健康的重要性，该句话中的proper care是解题的关键，与选项F中的“be fed, given fresh water, and exercised regularly”构成意义上的衔接，故选F。
3．答案与解析：D　空前提到遛狗或遛猫很累，空后讲到鼓励你的孩子和宠物玩耍，这样他们都将得到他们需要的锻炼。由此可知，空处应讲充分利用猫、狗等宠物精力旺盛的特点，将遛狗等任务交给孩子去做，故选D。
4．答案与解析：A　根据该空所处位置可知，空处为本段主旨句。根据上文的“Teach responsibility”“Encourage exercise”和下文的“Be practical”可知，该空也应用祈使句，故答案应在A项和B项中间选择。根据该段内容可知，此段主要讲善待他人，故选A。
5．答案与解析：E　分析语境寻线索：该段主要讲要客观地对待养宠物一事。空前一句讲到你最好确保全家人都知道养宠物的要求。空后讲到把宠物带回家之前先让你的孩子和它接触一下，建立健康的关系，由此可推知，E项承上启下，且与下一句存在一定的因果关系，故选E项。
Ⅲ.完形填空
2024·贵阳质量监测 记叙文 245词 ★★☆☆☆
When I went away to university, my mom used to cook food and send it back with me with strict instructions to wash the lunch boxes and bring them home. She was proud of it, but I was __1__ by my lunch boxes—why did we need to save these things I __2__ the options: If I didn't recycle the lunch boxes, would she still send me __3__？ I knew the answer was yes, __4__ it was not a risk I was prepared to take. So, I washed the __5__ lunch boxes very carefully.
After I formed a __6__ of my own, like my mother, I'm also the __7__ owner of a large number of lunch box collections, which I guard __8__. No matter how many microwave safe and oven safe containers I have, no matter how beautiful and functional they may be, I cannot help __9__ yogurt containers. They truly are the most __10__ objects, with uses ranging from food storage to toys for my __11__： at the beach, in the bath, for endless Lego (乐高) creations.
I still remember when I married my husband, an American from Boston, my mother was __12__， “You know, you come from very __13__ backgrounds，” she said. Managing cultural differences is undoubtedly an __14__.
The other night, I heard my husband yelling in the kitchen, and the next morning, I found my __15__ in the recycling bin. I narrowed my eyes a little as I fished them out, washed them up and placed them in their drawer with my death stare at my husband.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。作者上学的时候，妈妈总是要求作者把带饭用的饭盒洗干净带回家，作者对此疑惑不解。作者成家之后，也像妈妈一样开始热衷于收集饭盒。面对从中作梗的丈夫，作者不惜送给对方一个“死亡眼神”。
1．A.satisfied B．puzzled
C．moved D．depressed
答案与解析：B　上文讲到了妈妈对此感到骄傲，根据空后的“why did we need to save these things？”可知，与妈妈不同的是，作者对此有疑问。据此可知，作者对于此事是困惑的。puzzle“使……迷惑不解”。
2．A.created B．denied
C．needed D．weighed
答案与解析：D　上文讲到了作者母女二人对于饭盒一事的态度迥异。因此，此处讲的是作者对此事的权衡(weighed)：“如果我不回收饭盒，妈妈还会给我带食物(food)吗？”deny“否认，否定”；weigh“认真考虑，权衡，斟酌”。
3．A.food B．clothes
C．money D．toys
答案与解析：A　此处考查词汇复现，根据上文中的“my mom used to cook food and send it back with me”可知，此处说的是如果作者不回收饭盒，妈妈会不会还给作者带食物(food)。
4．A.and B．but
C．even if D．as if
答案与解析：B　空前讲到了“我知道即使我不回收饭盒，妈妈也会继续给我带饭”，而空后则讲到了“我不会去冒这个风险的”。由此可见，空前空后形成了转折关系，故选but。even if“即使”；as if“似乎，好像”。
5．A.clean B．expensive
C．dirty D．pretty
答案与解析：C　根据空前的“washed”可知，此时作者已经吃完了饭要去洗饭盒，结合生活常识可知，此时的饭盒应该是脏的(dirty)。
6．A.family B．community
C．team D．school
答案与解析：A　根据下文中的“I still remember when I married my husband”可以看出，此处讲的是作者成家之后的情况。故选A。community“社区，社会”。
7A.impatient B．selfish
C．curious D．proud
答案与解析：D　此处考查词汇复现，呼应上文中的“She was proud of it”。根据空前的“like my mother”可知，等作者成家之后，作者也对自己能够收集很多饭盒而感到骄傲(proud)。impatient“不耐烦的，没有耐心的”；selfish“自私的”；curious“好奇的”。
8．A.angrily B．enthusiastically
C．calmly D．anxiously
答案与解析：B　结合上题的解析可知，作者也对自己能够收集很多饭盒而感到骄傲，据此可以推断，作者会热情地(enthusiastically)守护这些饭盒。
9．A.repairing B．opening
C．collecting D．making
答案与解析：C　此处考查词义复现。根据上文中的“the __7__ owner of a large number of lunch box collections”可知，作者忍不住收集(collecting)酸奶盒等。
10．A.useful B．familiar
C．available D．confusing
答案与解析：A　根据空后的“with uses ranging from food storage to toys”可知，这些酸奶盒用途广泛，真的是最有用的(useful)物品。familiar“熟悉的”；available“可用的，有空的”；confusing“令人困惑的”。
11．A.brothers B．fellows
C．classmates D．children
答案与解析：D　根据空后的“for endless Lego(乐高)creations”可知，此处讲的是作者的孩子们(children)。fellow“同事，同辈”。
12．A.surprised B．excited
C．concerned D．determined
答案与解析：C　根据下文中的“you come from very __13__ backgrounds...Managing cultural differences”并结合常识可知，由于作者与丈夫来自不同的文化背景，因此，妈妈对作者会有点担心(concerned)。
13．A.ordinary B．remote
C．different D．troublesome
答案与解析：C　根据空后的“Managing cultural differences”可知，作者与丈夫来自不同的(different)文化背景。ordinary“普通的”；remote“遥远的，久远的”；troublesome“令人烦恼的，讨厌的，令人痛苦的”。
14．A.innovation B．adventure
C．expectation D．opportunity
答案与解析：B　根据常识和下文中发生的具体事情“I heard my husband yelling in the kitchen”“my death stare”可知，处理文化差异无疑是一种冒险经历(adventure)。innovation“创新，改革”；expectation“预料，预期，期待”。
15．A.wallets B．shopping bags
C. parcels D．lunch boxes
答案与解析：D　上文讲到了作者是“owner of a large number of lunch box collections”，结合上文中的“Managing cultural differences”和“I heard my husband yelling in the kitchen”可以推测，作者的丈夫对于作者收集饭盒有不同的意见，并把饭盒(lunch boxes)扔到了垃圾桶。wallet“钱包”；parcel“包裹，小包”。
黄金考点
语法填空——关系词
考点38 定语从句引导词的运用
考例 They also had a small pond ________ they raised fish.
点拨 先行词pond指地点，关系词在从句中作状语，故用关系副词where引导定语从句，where可以用in which替换，故应填where，或填in which。
考点39 用that引导定语从句
考例 Understanding her good intentions, I eat all the food ________ is provided by Mom with appreciation.
点拨 分析句子结构可知，food后应是一个限制性定语从句。先行词food指物，从句中缺少主语，故应填that。注意这里不能用what引导定语从句，what只能引导名词性从句。练习51　语法填空＋阅读理解
授课提示：对应学生用书128页
　
Ⅰ.语法填空
2024·江苏淮安联考 说明文 175词 ★★★☆☆
If you had the chance 1.________ (return) to ancient China and ask an educated man 2.________ his biggest dream was, he would tell you that he wanted to become a zhuangyuan, a title 3.________ (give) to the scholar who came first in the highest imperial examination (科举考试 ).
In ancient China, it was not that easy to be 4.________ official. You have to take exams first. The exams are very difficult and have many 5.________ (procedure). The outcome has to be confirmed by the Emperor 6.________ (he). The number one scholar with the best score in the imperial exam is called zhuangyuan. Once you are selected 7.________ the zhuangyuan, you will be appreciated by the Emperor and appear in a parade downtown with a red robe (礼袍) and a tall, strong horse. Now the imperial 8.________ (compete) examination has been canceled for many years.
However, people still like to call the 9.________ (good) person in their field a zhuangyuan. The old saying 10.________ (go) that there are 360 trades and every trade has its master, or zhuangyuan.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。在古代科举考试中获得第一名的学者被称为状元。现在科举考试已经被取消很多年了，然而，人们仍然喜欢称他们领域里最好的人为状元。
1．答案与解析：to return　如果你有机会回到古代中国，问一个受过教育的人他最大的梦想是什么，他会告诉你，他想成为一个状元，这是一个授予在最高科举考试中获得第一名的学者的头衔。在If引导的条件状语从句中已有谓语动词had，空处应用动词不定式作后置定语，修饰名词chance，说明chance内容。故填to return。
2．答案与解析：what　参见上题解析。空处引导宾语从句，作ask的宾语，从句中缺少表语，此处表示“问一个受过教育的人他最大的梦想是什么”，应用what引导该宾语从句。故填what。
3．答案与解析：given　参见第1题解析。空前的a title是名词作同位语，空处应用非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰a title。a title和动词give之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，应用过去分词形式。故填given。
4．答案与解析：an　在中国古代，成为一名官员并不那么容易。official“官员”为可数名词，其前无限定词，又根据句意，此处表示“成为一名官员”，空处应用不定冠词表示泛指。official的发音以元音音素开头。故填an。
5．答案与解析：procedures　考试很难，有很多程序。procedure“程序，步骤，手续”可作可数名词，空前有many修饰，空处应用复数形式。故填procedures。
6．答案与解析：himself 　结果必须得到皇帝本人的确认。根据语境可知，此处表示“皇帝本人”，应用反身代词himself。故填himself。
7．答案与解析：as　一旦你被选为状元，你将受到皇帝的赏识，并穿着红礼袍和一匹高大强壮的马出现在市中心的游行队伍中。be selected as意为“被选为”。故填as。
8．答案与解析：competitive　现在这种皇家竞争性的考试已经被取消很多年了。空处应用形容词作定语，修饰名词examination，compete的形容词形式是competitive，意为“竞争的，竞争性的”。故填competitive。
9．答案与解析：best　然而，人们仍然喜欢称他们领域里最好的人为状元。根据语境和空前的定冠词the可知，空处用形容词的最高级形式。故填best。
10．答案与解析：goes　俗话说“三百六十行，行行出状元”。空处在主句中作谓语，此处叙述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时；主语The old saying是单数形式，空处应用单数形式。故填goes。
Ⅱ.阅读理解
A
2024·武汉调研 说明文 304词 ★★★★☆
When I mentioned to some friends that we all have accents, most of them proudly replied, “Well, I speak perfect English/Chinese/etc.” But this kind of response misses the point.
More often than not, what we mean when we say someone “has an accent” is that their accent is different from the local one, or that pronunciations are different from our own. But this definition of accents is limiting and could give rise to prejudice. Funnily enough, in terms of the language study, every person speaks with an accent. It is the regular differences in how we produce sounds that define our accents. Even if you don't hear it yourself, you speak with some sort of accent. In this sense, it's pointless to point out that someone “has an accent”. We all do!
Every person speaks a dialect (方言) , too. In the field of the language study，a dialect is a version of a language that is characterized by its variations of structure , phrases and words. For instance, “You got eat or not？” (meaning “Have you eaten？” )is an acceptable and understood question in Singapore Oral English. The fact that this expression would cause a standard American English speaker to take pause doesn't mean that Singapore Oral English is “wrong” or “ungrammatical”. The sentence is well formed and clearly communicative, according to native Singapore English speakers' solid system of grammar. Why should it be wrong just because it's different
We need to move beyond a narrow conception of accents and dialects—for the benefit of everyone. Language differences like these provide insights into people's cultural experiences and backgrounds. In a global age, the way one speaks is a distinct part of one's identity. Most people would be happy to talk about the cultures behind their speech. We'd learn more about the world we live in and make friends along the way.
【语篇解读】　本文主要讲述了口音指的是什么，口音存在的普遍性以及口音的价值所在。
1．What does the author think of his/her friends' response in Paragraph 1
A．It reflects their self confidence.
B．It reflects their language levels.
C．It misses the point of communication.
D．It misses the real meaning of accents.
答案与解析：D　推断。根据第一段中的“Well, I speak perfect English/Chinese/etc”和第二段中的“what we mean when we say someone... with an accent”可知，通常情况下，当我们说某人“有口音”时，我们的意思是某个人的口音与当地的口音有差别或者和我们自己的发音有区别，事实上每个人都有口音。据此可以推测，朋友的回答很明显误解了“口音”的真正含义，故D项正确。
2．Why does the author use the example of Singapore Oral English
A．To justify the use of dialects.
B．To show the diversity of dialects.
C．To correct a grammatical mistake.
D．To highlight a traditional approach.
答案与解析：A　推断。举例一般是为了说明上文中提到的较为抽象或晦涩的概念。根据第三段中举例前面的“a dialect is a version of a language that is characterized by its variations of structure, phrases and words”可以看出，作者之所以拿新加坡的方言举例是为了说明方言不过是具有特定结构、短语和词汇的语言变体，由该段最后一句也可知，不能因为方言是不同的就认为它不正确。故A项“证明使用方言是正当的”正确。
3．What does the author recommend us to do in the last paragraph
A．Learn to speak with our local dialect.
B．Seek for an official definition of accents.
C．Appreciate the value of accents and dialects.
D．Distinguish our local languages from others'.
答案与解析：C　推断。根据最后一段中的“Language differences like these provide insights into... make friends along the way”可知，语言的差异会让我们更加了解不同的文化经历和背景，了解我们居住的世界，并帮助我们结交朋友。由此可以推断，作者建议我们要懂得欣赏口音和方言的价值，故C项正确。
4．What can be a suitable title for this passage
A．Everyone Has an Accent
B．Accents Enhance Our Identities
C．Dialects Lead to Misunderstanding
D．Standard English Is at Risk
答案与解析：A　理解文章主旨要义。本文第一段通过朋友们的反应引出口音这个话题；第二段讲述了对口音的正确理解，并指出每个人都有口音；第三段讲到了每个人都在讲方言，并以新加坡英语口语为例说明使用方言是正当的；第四段讲到了口音和方言的价值所在，并鼓励读者学会欣赏口音和方言。故A项“每个人都有口音”适合作本文的标题。
B
2024·南京市、盐城市模拟 说明文 309词 ★★★☆☆
Among my friends, one topic seems to dominate their conversations: bones. It makes sense, given that 20 percent of American women over 50 have osteoporosis (骨质疏松) and that more than half have bone loss. For men, the figures are lower: 4 percent and a third. Worldwide, one out of three women over 50 and one out of five older men will develop a fracture (骨折). Another reason for the endless argument about bone problems is mass confusion over how to strengthen your bones best and whether diet really makes a difference.
Diet research is always messy, and study results on nutrition and bone health haven't been consistent. But__gradually__some__clarity__is__emerging. As we draw up resolutions for what to eat, it's useful to look at new data on vitamin D. Calcium is the key element for building bones, and vitamin D helps to absorb calcium from the food we eat, so doctors often recommend D supplements (补充物) to make up for age related bone loss.
But a recent study found that taking D supplements for five years did not reduce the rate of fractures in seniors. That result built on earlier findings, led by the same team, that these supplements do not improve bone density (密度). “Food and sun exposure likely provide enough vitamin D for healthy adults，” says Mery LeBoff, who led the study.
What does help maintain strong bones for all of us The easy answer is food high in calcium, such as milk and tofu. “Getting it from food is best，” LeBoff says, “because there are so many other nutrients (营养物), and you have more continuous absorption than from D supplements.”
The other key element of bone health involves calories out rather than calories in. Weight bearing exercise stimulates bone formation throughout life. So while focusing on better nutritional choices, add more exercise to your daily menu.
【语篇解读】　一项研究表明服用补充维生素D五年并不能降低老年人的骨折率，但高钙食物和运动有助于增强骨骼健康。
5．What do the statistics in Paragraph 1 emphasize
A．The seriousness of bone problems.
B．The concern about senior citizens.
C．The confusion about strengthening bones.
D．The importance of having a balanced diet.
答案与解析：A　推断。根据第一段中的“It makes sense...will develop a fracture (骨折)”可知，这些数据表明美国男性女性的骨质疏松问题严重，世界范围内男性女性发生骨折现象也比比皆是。故该段中用真实数据强调了现实中人们骨骼问题的严重性。故A项正确。
6．What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2 imply
A．Diet research is no longer a challenge.
B．We've made resolutions to study diets.
C．Findings on bone health prove to be similar.
D．We begin to agree on ways to keep bones healthy.
答案与解析：D　理解句意。根据第二段中的“Diet research is always messy, and study results on nutrition and bone health haven't been consistent”和But表转折可知，前文讲关于营养和骨骼健康的研究结果也不一致，后文应该讲就保持骨骼健康一事大家达成了共识；本段中的“so doctors often recommend D supplements(补充物)to make up for age related bone loss”也是提示。故D项正确。
7．What can be inferred from the recent study
A．People can absorb vitamin D in food easily.
B．The findings go against LeBoff's earlier ones.
C．D supplements play a minor role than expected.
D.Fractures are linked with weight bearing exercise.
答案与解析：C　推断。根据第三段中的“But a recent study found...these supplements do not improve bone density (密度)”可知，最近的研究表明，维生素D补充剂没能起到预期效果，即减少老年人的骨折率。再根据第四段中的“because there are so many other nutrients(营养物), and you have more continuous absorption than from D supplements”可知，还有其他营养物质吸收效果好于维生素D。两者都明确表明维生素D对保持骨骼的健康而言效果不佳。故C项正确。
8．What is a suitable title for the text
A．Recipes for better bones
B．Your bones cry!
C．The magic of D supplements
D．Vitamin D wins!
答案与解析：A　理解文章主旨要义。第一段主要讲现实中人们骨骼问题的严重性；第二段主要讲渐渐地人们开始就保持骨骼健康问题的方法——吃维生素D补充剂——达成一致；根据第三段中的“But a recent study found... fractures in seniors”可知，维生素D补充剂在减少老年人骨折方面没有起到预期效果。再根据第四段中的“What does help... milk and tofu”和第五段可知，要想保持强健的骨骼，最简单的方式是吃含钙高的食物，比如牛奶和豆腐，另一种方法是多进行日常锻炼。由此可知，本文给人们提供了两种更好的强健骨骼的诀窍。故A项作本文的标题最佳。
答题策略
语法填空——代词
代词的应用与少用
应用
① 认清代词指代对象，注意前后人称要一致
② 认清代词指代对象，注意前后单复数要一致
③ 认清代词指代对象，注意前后性别要一致
④ this，that，it的应用；something和everything的应用；so和such的应用；反身代词与人称代词的应用；形容词性物主代词与名词性物主代词的应用；人称代词和物主代词的应用；人称代词的主格和宾格的应用，注意它的区别和运用
少用,
⑤,物主代词或人称代词的少用
⑥,留意无冠词、无物主代词、无不定代词修饰的名词练习7　单句语法填空＋阅读理解
授课提示：对应学生用书15页
　
Ⅰ.单句语法填空(非谓语动词Ⅰ)
1．[2024·浙江杭州外国语学校检测]The 5G services are now being used in 50 cities, Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Shenzhen ________ (include).
答案与解析：included　句意为：目前，包括北京、上海、广州和深圳在内的50个城市正在使用5G服务。include意为“包括，包含”，在此应用非谓语动词形式，include与其逻辑主语之间是被动关系，应用过去分词形式。故填included。
2．[2024·安徽师大附中期中]Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever－increasing populations, greatly ________ (reduce) waterfowl habitat.
答案与解析：reducing　句意为：数百万英亩的湿地被抽干，以为不断增加的人口提供食物和住所，结果大大减少了水禽的栖息地。reduce与其逻辑主语之间为主动关系，此处应用现在分词形式作结果状语，故填reducing。
3．[2024·辽宁大连双基测试]The Chinese people have the custom of sticking up pictures ________ (celebrate) the traditional Spring Festival.
答案与解析：to celebrate　句意为：中国人有贴年画来庆祝传统春节的习俗。分析句子成分可知，________ the traditional Spring Festival充当目的状语，空处应用动词不定式。故填to celebrate。
4．[2024·山东烟台学业水平诊断]________ (build) in the Song Dynasty, the town offers pleasant views and landscapes of ancient China, characterized by picturesque canals crossed by arch bridges and whitewashed houses that overlook the water.
答案与解析：Built　句意为：建于宋朝的古镇提供了美丽的古代中国景观，以有拱桥横跨的如画般的运河和俯瞰水面的粉刷成白色的房屋为特色。分析句子结构可知， build在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与其逻辑主语town之间构成被动关系，应用过去分词形式。空处位于句首，首字母要大写。故填Built。
5．Life is like riding a bicycle. ________ (keep) your balance, you must keep moving.
答案与解析：To keep　生活就像骑自行车。想要保持平衡，你必须不断前行。根据句意可知，空处应用动词不定式表目的。
6．Children above 16 are encouraged to take part in these outdoor recreational and sports activities specially ________ (design) for them.
答案与解析：designed　我们鼓励十六岁以上的孩子参加这些专为他们设计的户外文体活动。design与activities之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故应用designed作后置定语。
7．More than 2 million foreign tourists are expected to visit the US by the end of the year, ________ (contribute) a lot to the US economy.
答案与解析：contributing　根据句意可知，逗号后的内容是逗号前的内容的一种自然结果，contribute与其逻辑主语之间是主谓关系，故应用现在分词形式作结果状语。
8．Drivers are not the only ones ________ (blame) for the irresponsibility that accounts for many of the automobile accidents.
答案与解析：to blame　此处为(be) to blame (for sth.)结构，表示“该(因……)受责备，应(为……)承担责任”。
9．Many people think any government's work should be evaluated ________ (base) on citizens' happiness level.
答案与解析：based　很多人认为政府的任何工作都应该以市民的幸福水平为基础来评价。________ on citizens' happiness level在句中作方式状语，base和government's work为逻辑上的动宾关系，应用过去分词。
10．Guests ________ (invite) to this international meeting are mainly scholars, politicians, and representatives of international organizations.
答案与解析：invited　受邀参加这次国际会议的宾客主要是学者、从政者和国际组织代表。分析句子结构可知，Guests与invite之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，应用过去分词作后置定语，故填invited。
Ⅱ.阅读理解
A
2024·新课标Ⅰ卷，C 议论文 333词 ★★☆☆☆
Is comprehension the same whether a person reads a text onscreen or on paper And are listening to and viewing content as effective as reading the written word when covering the same material The answers to both questions are often “no”. The reasons relate to a variety of factors, including reduced concentration, an entertainment mindset (心态) and a tendency to multitask while consuming digital content.
When reading texts of several hundred words or more, learning is generally more successful when it's on paper than onscreen. A large amount of research confirms this finding. The benefits of print reading particularly shine__through when experimenters move from posing simple tasks—like identifying the main idea in a reading passage—to ones that require mental abstraction—such as drawing inferences from a text.
The differences between print and digital reading results are partly related to paper's physical properties. With paper, there is a literal laying on of hands, along with the visual geography of distinct pages. People often link their memory of what they've read to how far into the book it was or where it was on the page.
But equally important is the mental aspect. Reading researchers have proposed a theory called “shallowing hypothesis (假说)”. According to this theory, people approach digital texts with a mindset suited to social media, which are often not so serious, and devote less mental effort than when they are reading print.
Audio (音频) and video can feel more engaging than text, and so university teachers increasingly turn to these technologies—say, assigning an online talk instead of an article by the same person. However, psychologists have demonstrated that when adults read news stories, they remember more of the content than if they listen to or view identical pieces.
Digital texts, audio and video all have educational roles, especially when providing resources not available in print. However, for maximizing learning where mental focus and reflection are called for, educators shouldn't assume all media are the same, even when they contain identical words.
语篇类型：议论文　主题语境：人与社会——科学与技术——学习媒介的选择
【语篇解读】　本文探讨了有纸化学习与无纸化学习的区别，并提出用纸质书籍更容易让人投入、专心学，而电子书籍更容易使人分心，故阅读印刷品比阅读电子书籍记得更多。
1．What does the underlined phrase “shine through” in paragraph 2 mean
A．Seem unlikely to last.
B．Seem hard to explain.
C．Become ready to use.
D．Become easy to notice.
答案与解析：D　理解词汇。根据本段第一句谈到当阅读几百字或更多字的文本时，有纸化学习通常比在屏幕上学习更成功，接着谈到大量的研究证实了这一发现。故画线短语所在部分应该是指从提出简单的任务转向需要抽象思维的任务时，这种有纸化阅读的好处尤其明显，也就是说很容易被注意到，答案为D。
2．What does the shallowing hypothesis assume
A．Readers treat digital texts lightly.
B．Digital texts are simpler to understand.
C．People select digital texts randomly.
D．Digital texts are suitable for social media.
答案与解析：A　理解具体信息。根据题干中的shallowing hypothesis可以将答案定位在第四段中。根据第四段中的“which are often not so serious”以及“devote less mental effort”可知，在对待电子文本的时候，读者通常不是很严肃，同时比阅读纸质文本时投入的精力要少，即读者对电子文本不是很重视，答案为A。
3．Why are audio and video increasingly used by university teachers
A．They can hold students' attention.
B．They are more convenient to prepare.
C．They help develop advanced skills.
D．They are more informative than text.
答案与解析：A　理解具体信息。根据题干可将解题信息定位在第五段。本段第一句谈到音频和视频比文字更吸引人，所以大学教师越来越多地改用这些技术，故选A。
4．What does the author imply in the last paragraph
A.Students should apply multiple learning techniques.
B.Teachers should produce their own teaching material.
C．Print texts cannot be entirely replaced in education.
D．Education outside the classroom cannot be ignored.
答案与解析：C　推断。根据最后一段首先谈到电子文本、音频和视频都具有教育作用，特别是在提供纸质文本无法提供的资源时。“However”后提到为了最大限度地进行需要集中注意力和反思的学习，教育者不应该假设所有媒体都是一样的，即使它们包含相同的词汇。这与倒数第二段最后一句中的信息意思一致：当成年人阅读新闻故事时，他们比听或看相同的片段能记住更多内容，也就是说有纸化学习在教育中是不能完全被取代的，答案为C。A项“学生们应该应用多种学习技巧”；B项“教师应制作自己的教材”；C项“纸质文本在教育中是不能完全被取代的”；D项“课堂外的教育不容忽视”。
B
2024·九省联考 议论文 288词 ★★★☆☆
In his 1936 work How to Win Friends and Influence People, Dale Carnegie wrote: “I have come to the conclusion that there is only one way to get the best of an argument—and that is to avoid it.” This distaste for arguments is common, but it depends on a mistaken view of arguments that causes problems for our personal and social lives—and in many ways misses the point of arguing in the first place.
Carnegie would be right if arguments were fights, which is how we often think of them. Like physical fights, verbal (言语的) fights can leave both sides bloodied. Even when you win, you end up no better off. You would be feeling almost as bad if arguments were even just competitions—like, say, tennis tournaments. Pairs of opponents hit the ball back and forth until one winner comes out from all who entered. Everybody else loses. This kind of thinking explains why so many people try to avoid arguments.
However, there are ways to win an argument every time. When you state your position, formulate (阐述) an argument for what you claim and honestly ask yourself whether your argument is any good. When you talk with someone who takes a stand, ask them to give you a reason for their view and spell__out their argument fully. Assess its strength and weakness. Raise objections (异议) and listen carefully to their replies. This method will require effort, but practice will make you better at it.
These tools can help you win every argument—not in the unhelpful sense of beating your opponents but in the better sense of learning about what divides people, learning why they disagree with us and learning to talk and work together with them. If we readjust our view of arguments—from a verbal fight or tennis game to a reasoned exchange through which we all gain respect and understanding from each other—then we change the very nature of what it means to “win” an argument.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇议论文。作者阐述了争论的意义和赢得争论的方法。
5．What is the author's attitude toward Carnegie's understanding of argument
A．Critical. B．Supportive.
C．Tolerant. D．Uncertain.
答案与解析：A　推理判断题。根据第一段中“This distaste for arguments is common, but it depends on a mistaken view of arguments that causes problems for our personal and social lives—and in many ways misses the point of arguing in the first place.(这种对争论的厌恶是很普遍的，但它取决于对争论的错误看法，这种观点会给我们的个人和社会生活带来问题——而且在很多方面，它首先忽略了争论的意义。)”可知，作者对于Carnegie对争论的看法持批判态度，故选A。
6．Why do many people try to avoid arguments
A．They lack debating skills.
B．They may feel bad even if they win.
C．They fear being ignored.
D．They are not confident in themselves.
答案与解析：B　细节理解题。根据第二段中“Like physical fights, verbal (言语的) fights can leave both sides bloodied. Even when you win, you end up no better off. You would be feeling almost as bad if arguments were even just competitions—like, say, tennis tournaments.(和身体上的打斗一样，言语上的打斗也会两败俱伤。即使你赢了，你最终也不会变得更好。如果争论只是一场比赛，比如网球比赛，你也会感觉很糟糕。)”可知， 很多人尽量避免争论，是因为即使赢了他们也感觉很糟糕，故选B。
7．What does the underlined phrase “spell out” in Paragraph 3 probably mean
A．Defend. B．Explain.
C．Conclude. D．Repeat.
答案与解析：B　词句猜测题。根据画线短语所在句“ask them to give you a reason for their view”可知，让他们为自己的观点提供依据，即让他们充分阐明他们的观点，spell out意为“解释明白，讲清楚”，故选B。
8．What is the key to “winning” an argument according to the author
A．Sense of logic.
B．Solid supporting evidence.
C．Proper manners.
D．Understanding from both sides.
答案与解析：D　细节理解题。根据最后一段中“If we readjust our view of arguments—from a verbal fight or tennis game to a reasoned exchange through which we all gain respect and understanding from each other—then we change the very nature of what it means to ‘win’ an argument.(如果我们重新调整我们对争论的看法——从一场口水战或网球比赛转变为一种理性的交流，通过这种交流，我们都能获得彼此的尊重和理解——那么我们就改变了‘赢得’争论的本质。)”可知，作者认为“赢得”争论的关键是通过交流获得彼此的尊重和理解，故选D。
黄金考点
语法填空——名词
考点12 名词作介词宾语
考例 Filled with ________ (curious), the artist packed his bags and left.
点拨 填curiosity，充当介词with的宾语。
考点13 名词作表语
考例 Chinese New Year is a ________ (celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of the spring.
点拨 中国新年是一个标志着冬季结束和春季开始的庆祝活动。空前的冠词a是名词作表语的标志，故填celebration。练习49　语法填空＋阅读理解
授课提示：对应学生用书123页
　
Ⅰ.语法填空
2024·重庆市质研 说明文 198词 ★★★☆☆
Mining has seen ups and downs but traditional condiments (调味料) continue to appeal.
Any mention of Zigong, Sichuan Province, reminds people 1.________ its salt production and this is 2.________ important source of revenue (财政收入).
The city, about 200 kilometers from Chengdu, has a history of mining salt 3.________ (stretch) back 2，000 years. The salt was sold all over Sichuan and other provinces, and was consumed by one tenth of China's population. The salt is from wells. One of them, the Shenhai well, was opened in 1835, and is still in 4.________ (operate). With a depth of 1，001. 42 meters, it is among the world's deepest of its kind and 5.________ (current) produces around 2，000 kilograms of salt per day. Visitors to the well can buy packs of iodine free salt 6.________ (mine) just three days earlier.
But, during Spring Festival, 7.________ ends with the Lantern Festival on the 15th day of the first lunar month—falling on Sunday this year—more people from around the country flock to Zigong 8.________ (view) its world famous lanterns. Viewing lanterns became a Spring Festival custom in Zigong during the Tang Dynasty. Since then, the 9.________(city) lantern show has been held in more than 70 countries and regions around the world, becoming a calling card of both Zigong and China. The popular show 10.________ (start) from the economic dilemma in the 1980s, when Zigong's economy over relying on a single product became a problem.
【语篇解读】　本文主要讲述了四川省自贡市的井盐和那里的灯笼展的情况。
1．答案与解析：of　考查介词。remind sb.of sth.“提醒某人某事，让某人想到某事”，是固定用法。句意：一提到四川自贡，人们就会想起它的盐生产，这是重要的财政收入来源。
2．答案与解析：an　考查冠词。根据空后的“形容词＋名词单数”可知，空处应用冠词；结合句意可知，此处表泛指，且important的发音以元音音素开头。所以空处填an。
3．答案与解析：stretching　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，本句的谓语动词是has，空处在句中作非谓语，与其逻辑主语history of mining salt之间是主谓关系，所以空处填stretching。stretch back“回溯到”。
4．答案与解析：operation　考查名词。in operation“运转着”，是固定表达。句意：其中一口盐井叫粲海井，它凿成于1835年，至今仍在运转。
5．答案与解析：currently　考查副词。空处修饰后面的动词produces，应用副词currently。
6．答案与解析：mined　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，本句的谓语动词是can buy，空处在句中作非谓语。mine在此作动词，意为“开矿，采矿”，与其逻辑主语iodine free salt之间是动宾关系，所以空处填mined。
7．答案与解析：which　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为表示物的名词Spring Festival，关系词在从句中作主语，所以空处填which。
8．答案与解析：to view　考查非谓语动词。结合句意可知，空处＋后面的名词短语构成非谓语动词短语作目的状语，所以空处填不定式to view。句意：但是，今年的春节是星期天，在春节期间，更多的人涌向自贡去观看世界著名的灯笼。春节一般以农历正月十五的元宵节为结束标志。
9．答案与解析：city's　考查名词所有格。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰空后的名词短语lantern show，此处为所属关系，所以填city's。
10．答案与解析：started　考查动词的时态和语态。分析句子结构可知，空处作主句的谓语。结合时间状语in the 1980s可知，时态用一般过去时；主语The popular show与start之间是主动关系，所以空处填started。
Ⅱ.阅读理解
A
2024·云南高三质检 说明文 327词 ★★★★☆
In about 23 years, it may finally be time to look up. A recently discovered asteroid (小行星) has a chance of hitting the earth on Valentine's Day in 2046. It was discovered on Feb.26 at an observatory in San Pedro de Atacama, Chile.
While the thought of an asteroid hitting the earth may sound concerning, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) says people shouldn't be worried.
The asteroid has an estimated diameter of around 160 feet, which is about the same size as an Olympic swimming pool or the width of a football field.
“We've been tracking a new asteroid named 2023 DW that has a very small chance of impacting the earth. Often when new objects are discovered, it takes several weeks' data to reduce the uncertainties and adequately predict their orbits years into the future，” NASA's Planetary Defense Coordination Office (PDCO) said.
The asteroid is ranked on the Torino Scale as Level 1 threat. The scale is a tool to categorize potential earth impacts, with zero being no threat and 10 being something that can cause a global disaster. One on the Torino Scale means 2023 DW is in the normal or green zone.
“Current calculations show the chance of collision (碰撞) is extremely unlikely with no need for public concern，” NASA says of the green zone. “New telescopic observations will very likely lead to reassignment to Level 0.”
Although 2023 DW doesn't pose a great risk to the earth, NASA has been continuing to work to defend our planet from any asteroid that could cause disasters.
In September, 2022, NASA crashed its Double Asteroid Redirection Test spacecraft, or DART, into an asteroid to see if it could change the trajectory of the space rock. NASA later confirmed the mission was a success, and is continuing to research how effective the method is, should a massive asteroid be headed our way.
【语篇解读】　美国国家航空航天局通过目前的计算显示，2023 DW小行星碰撞地球的可能性极低。
1．What does NASA's PDCO say about 2023 DW
A．It is too close to the earth.
B．It must be destroyed in space.
C．Its orbit is still uncertain now.
D．Its orbit should be changed.
答案与解析：C　理解具体信息。第四段说的是美国国家航空航天局的行星防御协调办公室认为，2023 DW新小行星撞击地球的可能性非常小；当发现新天体时，他们往往会通过几周的数据减少这些新天体的不确定性，并充分预测它们未来几年的轨道。由此可知，该部门认为2023 DW新小行星的轨道尚不确定，故选C。
2．How is 2023 DW ranked on the Torino Scale
A．As Level zero threat.
B．As Level ten threat.
C．In the normal zone.
D．In the threatening zone.
答案与解析：C　理解具体信息。根据第五段中的“The asteroid is ranked on the Torino Scale as Level 1 threat”和“One on the Torino Scale means 2023 DW is in the normal or green zone”可知，2023 DW小行星在都灵等级中被列为1级威胁，且都灵等级中的1表示2023 DW处于正常区域。由此可知，2023 DW在都灵等级中被列入正常区域，故选C。
3．What does the underlined word “trajectory” mean in the last paragraph
A．Size. B．Weight.
C．Angle. D．Path.
答案与解析：D　理解词汇。根据上文可知，美国国家航空航天局通过研究该天体的轨道来预测并减少其对地球造成的威胁。由此可知，画线词意为“轨道”，故选D。句意：美国国家航空航天局将双小行星重定向测试航天器(DART)撞向一颗小行星，以观察它是否能改变太空岩石的轨道。
4．Which can be a suitable title for the text
A．An Asteroid Was Discovered at an Observatory in Chile
B．An Asteroid Is Coming Our Way, Unlikely to Hit Us
C．A Space Rock Has Just Passed the Earth
D．A Spacecraft Has Been Crashed Recently
答案与解析：B　理解文章主旨要义。通读全文可知，本文主要讲了美国国家航空航天局通过目前的计算显示，2023 DW小行星碰撞地球的可能性极低。故B项最适合作文章的标题。
B
2023·全国卷Ⅱ 应用文 315词 ★★★★☆
Yellowstone National Park offers a variety of ranger programs throughout the park, and throughout the year. The following are descriptions of the ranger programs this summer.
Experiencing Wildlife in Yellowstone (May 26 to September 2)
Whether you're hiking a backcountry trail (小径), camping, or just enjoying the park's amazing wildlife from the road, this quick workshop is for you and your family. Learn where to look for animals and how to safely enjoy your wildlife watching experience. Meet at the Canyon Village Store.
Junior Ranger Wildlife Olympics (June 5 to August 21)
Kids can test their skills and compare their abilities to the animals of Yellowstone. Stay for as little or as long as your plans allow. Meet in front of the Visitor Education Center.
Canyon Talks at Artist Point (June 9 to September 2)
From a classic viewpoint, enjoy Lower Falls, the Yellowstone River, and the breathtaking colors of the canyon (峡谷) while learning about the area's natural and human history. Discover why artists and photographers continue to be drawn to this special place. Meet on the lower platform at Artist Point on the South Rim Drive for this short talk.
Photography Workshops (June 19 & July 10)
Enhance your photography skills—join Yellowstone's park photographer for a hands on program to inspire new and creative ways of enjoying the beauty and wonder of Yellowstone.
6/19—Waterfalls & Wide Angles: meet at Artist Point.
7/10—Wildflowers & White Balance: meet at Washburn Trailhead in Chittenden parking area.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了黄石国家公园提供的几项护林员项目。
5．Which of the four programs begins the earliest
A．Photography Workshops.
B．Junior Ranger Wildlife Olympics.
C．Canyon Talks at Artist Point.
D．Experiencing Wildlife in Yellowstone.
答案与解析：D　细节理解题。根据每个项目后的时间“Experiencing Wildlife in Yellowstone (May 26 to September 2) [在黄石体验野生动物(5月26日至9月2日)]”和“Junior Ranger Wildlife Olympics (June 5 to August 21) [少年游骑兵野生动物奥林匹克运动会(6月5日至8月21日)]”与“Canyon Talks at Artist Point (June 9 to September 2) [在Artist Point的峡谷会谈(6月9日至9月2日)]”以及“Photography Workshops (June 19 & July 10) [摄影研讨会(6月19日和7月10日)]”可知，四个项目中在黄石体验野生动物开始的时间最早。故选D。
6．What is the short talk at Artist Point about
A．Works of famous artists.
B．Protection of wild animals.
C．Basic photography skills.
D．History of the canyon area.
答案与解析：D　细节理解题。根据文章“Canyon Talks at Artist Point (June 9 to September 2) [在Artist Point的峡谷会谈(6月9日至9月2日)]”部分中的“From a classic viewpoint, enjoy Lower Falls, the Yellowstone River, and the breathtaking colors of the canyon (峡谷) while learning about the area's natural and human history. (从一个经典的视角，欣赏下瀑布、黄石河和峡谷的壮丽色彩，同时了解该地区的自然和人类历史)”可知，在Artist Point的简短演讲主题是关于峡谷地区的历史的。故选D。
7．Where will the participants meet for the July 10 photography workshop
A．Artist Point.
B．Washburn Trailhead.
C．Canyon Village Store.
D．Visitor Education Center.
答案与解析：B　细节理解题。根据文章“Photography Workshops (June 19 & July 10) [摄影研讨会(6月19日和7月10日)]”部分中的“7/10—Wildflowers & White Balance: meet at Washburn Trailhead in Chittenden parking area. (7/10—Wildflowers & White Balance：在奇滕登停车场的Washburn Trailhead举行)”可知，7月10日的摄影研讨会将在Washburn Trailhead举行。故选B。
答题策略
语法填空——状语从句
状语从句的使用
例题 The young couple, who returned my lost wallet, left ________ I could ask for their names.
步骤
① 分析句子结构判断从句类型：分析可知，couple作主语，left作谓语，从句________I could ask for their names在句中作状语，为状语从句
② 结合句意判断何种状语从句：那对年轻的夫妇归还了我丢失的钱包，在我还没有问他们的名字之前他们就离开了。可知，从句为时间状语从句，连词从when, as, while, before, since, until等中选择。
③ 结合句意确定连词：表示“在我问起他们的名字之前”，连词用before
答案,Before　那对年轻的夫妇归还了我丢失的钱包，在我还没有问他们的名字之前他们就离开了。根据句子的意思，空处表示“在……之前”，故填before练习20　七选五＋完形填空＋读后续写
授课提示：对应学生用书48页
　
Ⅰ.七选五
2024·山东济南摸底 说明文 310词 ★★☆☆☆
Consumers in the United States spent nearly $3.7 million on dish washing soap in 2018 to get their dishes clean. That sets the question：Do we really need dish washing soap to get our dishes clean The short answer is: No. __1__
How can we get our dishes clean without using dish washing soap Hot water is an effective and time tested method. A lot of what we eat is water soluble and can simply be washed away with very hot water. __2__ They need an alkali (碱) to break them down. So，if you're out of dish soap and have a thick oily pan to wash, you'll need to make your own soap by adding an alkali to hot water.
You can also run your dishwasher using only the rinse (漂洗) cycle. Simply remove the remains and prerinse your dishes thoroughly by hand and load as usual in the machine. Add white vinegar, a sharp tasting liquid used in cooking, to the cleaning cup. __3__ Set your dishwasher on the rinse cycle and you will get clean, shiny dishes.
If you're a camper or a farmer, plant and wood ashes—remains of burnt plants and wood—are readily available in the remains of your campfire, which have served as dish washing soap for a long time. Gather some ashes from your campfire and put them in a pot. In a separate pot boil some water. Slowly pour hot water over the ashes, just enough to make a mixture. __4__ While wood ashes may not win the good housekeeping seal of approval, they'll clean your pan and get it ready for air drying.
__5__ So whether you find yourself down to the last drop of your dish washing soap at home, forget to bring it along on your camping trip or just want to try an eco friendly and natural alternative, turn to these things to help you.
A.We can get along without it.
B．An eco friendly cleaning solution is created.
C．Animal fats and proteins, however，are the opposite.
D．People used unusual things in the natural world around them.
E．Dish washing soap has only been around since the mid 20th century.
F．It's good to know that there're alternatives to make your dishes clean.
G．The acid will wipe out the harmful things and keep the dishes from having spots.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了不用洗洁精也能清洗干净盘子的几个方法。
1．答案与解析：A　空处紧跟空前问题“我们真的需要洗洁精来把我们的盘子弄干净吗？”的回答“不”，说明没有洗洁精我们也能把盘子洗干净，故A项符合语境，且与空后问题“我们如何不用洗洁精就能把我们的盘子弄干净呢？”联系紧密。
2．答案与解析：C　根据空后的“They need an alkali (碱) to break them down.”可知，They指的是无法用热水洗掉的食物残留。故C项“然而，动物脂肪和蛋白质恰恰相反”符合语境。且C项与空前的“我们吃的很多东西都是水溶性的，可以简单地用非常热的水冲走”形成转折。
3．答案与解析：G　空前的“Add white vinegar...”提供了另一种洗涤的方法，因此，空处应该会讲到添加白醋的原因，故G项“酸可以除掉有害物质，清除盘子上的污渍”符合语境。
4．答案与解析：B　空前的“Gather some ashes...just enough to make a mixture.”讲述了用篝火灰作清洁剂的全部过程，故B项“一个环境友好的清洁方案就形成了”符合语境。
5．答案与解析：F　空后讲了在多种情况下你可以用这些清洁替代方式来帮助你，故此处应是说知道一些清洁替代方式是很有好处的，故F项符合语境。
Ⅱ.完形填空
2024·武汉高三调研 议论文 248词 ★★☆☆☆
Like most people, I have to work for a living. We have a bank loan, and other __1__ we have to pay. But I certainly don't have a 9～5 __2__. I decided long ago that I could not __3__ fixed working hours for a big company and that I certainly wasn't suitable to __4__ in an office day in and day out. I work __5__ as a writer, garden designer, and sustainability consultant. For many days I work long hours, but I have a lot of __6__ and control over everything. I have found my __7__—what I really want to do.
But I fully appreciate that most people are not in such a __8__ position and some of them have no choice but to __9__ the work they do not like. Therefore, many people feel __10__ in their jobs even when they are not really stuck at all. Finding sustainable solutions and a better quality of life means __11__ long and hard about what you really want to do, and how you can __12__ that goal.
Working for yourself is beneficial on __13__ levels: you save time, you save money, and you can potentially __14__ your carbon footprint. Consider this: Management consultancy firm WSP found working from __15__ can help reduce your carbon footprint in the summer months.
【语篇解读】　文章通过作者的自身经历讲述了一个自由职业者的内心感受，阐明了自由职业的诸多好处。
1．A.wages B．rents
C．bills D．fines
答案与解析：C　根据空前的“I have to work for a living. We have a bank loan”再结合常识可知，作者生活不易，有银行贷款和其他账单需要支付，故选C。wage “工资”； rent “租金”； bill “账单”； fine “罚款”。
2．A.habit B．job
C．workout D．trip
答案与解析：B　由下文内容可知，作者是自由职业者，没有一份朝九晚五的工作，故选B。workout “锻炼”。
3．A.arrange B．resist
C．avoid D．bear
答案与解析：D　根据后文可知，此处应指作者很久以前就决定自己不能忍受大公司固定的工作时间，故选D。arrange “安排”； resist “抵抗”； avoid “避免”； bear “忍受”。
4．A.arrive B．compete
C．sit D．communicate
答案与解析：C　根据语境可知，此处是指作者不适合日复一日地坐在办公室里，故选C。arrive “到达”； compete “竞争”； communicate “交流”。
5．A.dully B．occasionally
C．cooperatively D．independently
答案与解析：D　析语境：下文的“For many days I work long hours...control over everything”指的是作者工作时间很长，但有很大的灵活性，可以控制一切→做判断：结合常识可推知，此处应表示作者是独立工作的作家、花园设计师和可持续发展顾问→定答案：independently “独立地”，故选D。dully “呆滞地”； occasionally “偶尔”； cooperatively “合作地”。
6．A.judgement B．flexibility
C．burden D．doubt
答案与解析：B　根据空后的“and control over everything”可知，此处表示作者的工作有很大的灵活性，可以掌控一切，故选B。judgement “判断力”； flexibility “灵活性”； burden “负担”； doubt “怀疑”。
7．A.routine B．style
C．pressure D．passion
答案与解析：D　根据破折号后面的“what I really want to do”可知，此处指作者找到了自己的激情所在，故选D。routine “常规”； style “风格”； pressure “压力”； passion “激情”。
8．A.fortunate B．promising
C．profitable D．permanent
答案与解析：A　根据后面的“and some of them have no choice but to __9__ the work they do not like”可知，作者意指多数人不像自己那么幸运，故选A。fortunate “幸运的”； promising “有前途的”； profitable “获利的”； permanent “永久的”。
9．A.submit to B．leave out
C．make for D．depart from
答案与解析：A　根据语境可知，他们中的一些人别无选择，只能屈服于他们不喜欢的工作，故选A。submit to “屈服于”； leave out “忽略”； make for “前往”； depart from “离开”。
10．A.interested B．relaxed
C．engaged D．trapped
答案与解析：D　根据语境可知，此处表示“许多人觉得自己被工作困住了，即使他们实际上根本没有被困住”。故选D项。engaged“忙碌的”； trapped “受困的”。
11．A.complaining B．thinking
C．worrying D．arguing
答案与解析：B　根据句意可知，此处表示找到可持续的解决方案和更好的生活质量意味着要长期认真地思考你真正想做的事情以及你如何能够实现那个目标，故选B。complain “抱怨”； argue “争论”。
12．A.reach B．ignore
C．discover D．switch
答案与解析：A　参见上题解析。reach “实现”； ignore “忽视”； discover “发现”； switch “转换”。
13．A.special B．multiple
C．high D．spiritual
答案与解析：B　根据后文可知，此处指为自己工作有很多好处，故选B。multiple “多种多样的”； spiritual “精神的”。
14．A.decrease B．record
C．calculate D．increase
答案与解析：A　此处考查词汇复现。根据下文中的“can help reduce your carbon footprint”可知，此处指你可以减少你的碳足迹，故选A。decrease “减少”； record “记录”； calculate “计算”； increase “增加”。
15．A.nothing B．reality
C．home D．office
答案与解析：C　根据后面的“can help reduce your carbon footprint”并结合常识可知，该处指在家办公有助于减少夏季的碳足迹，故选C。work from home “在家上班”。
Ⅲ.读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
[2024·河北石家庄摸底检测]For courage, my fingers hold tight to the harness (挽具) on Chó's broad back as we pass my neighbor's fence. Chó is my guide dog, a German shepherd (德国牧羊犬). Walking by Mr. Groll's yard is the best part of our morning walk...and also the worst. It is the best part because the roses talk to us. “Good morning, Chó，” whisper the roses' sweet smell to Chó's nose. Other roses shout to me, “Hello, Mai！” with a smell that bursts as firecrackers. Now comes the worst part—the unfriendly neighbor that shades us: Mr. Groll. I greet him as I do every morning. And like every other morning, he does not answer me. But I know he's there, watching, behind his fence.
Maybe he's afraid of me because I'm blind. Disabilities scare grown ups sometimes. Then remember: yesterday I heard him playing checkers with my friend Jimmy, who's in a wheelchair. Why does Mr. Groll ignore me He likes roses. I like roses. Why can't two people who like roses like each other It's a mystery (谜) to me.
Papa has told me that some folks do not like people from faraway places. Does this solve the mystery Maybe Mr. Groll does not like Vietnamese neighbors. No, that can't be it. Every Saturday Mr. Groll and my big brother, Lien, help each other with yard work. They are friends. Well, then, maybe he doesn't like me because I'm a girl. The sidewalk hums beneath my feet. A skateboard speeds by. “ Hello, Mai and Chó！” my friend Jana shouts, “ Hi, Mr. Groll. ” I wait. If Mr. Groll ignores Jana, then the mystery is solved. But his voice calls out, “Hello, Jana！” The sound of it breaks my heart.
Now I know something I didn't know before: some people who can see can be blind. Sometimes, their hearts don't see any better than my eyes do. And I also know that unfriendly Mr. Groll likes Jimmy. And Lien. And Jana. But not me and Chó！ Suddenly, an idea brightens my mystery. Maybe I do know why Mr. Groll doesn't talk to me! “Down，” I command. Chó does as I say.
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
I attach her harness to a tree and I feel my way along the fence.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
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“A German shepherd is a very...big dog，” he says in a voice that tells me he thinks I will laugh at him.
________________________________________________________________________
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One possible version：
　　 I attach her harness to a tree and I feel my way along the fence. I knock on the door, hoping he'll answer this time. After a few moments, I hear footsteps approaching. “Good morning, Mr. Groll！” There is no response. Taking a deep breath, I continue, “I know you like roses, and so do I. Maybe we can talk about them some time？” “Sure...Mai，” he responds hesitantly. As we stand there, surrounded by the beautiful roses, I feel the tension between us slowly disappearing. We talk about the flowers and our friends. Then I express my curiosity about his ignoring me.
“A German shepherd is a very...big dog, ” he says in a voice that tells me he thinks I will laugh at him. Sensing his nervousness, I reassure him that Chó is my friend and that she will be gentle and nice. I persuade him to go with me and command Chó up. Chó leaps to her feet, snorting happily. Mr. Groll is taken aback but then we both share a laugh. From that moment, I realize that sometimes what it takes is but courage and a shared love for something to break down barriers and make new friends.练习8　单句语法填空＋七选五＋完形填空
授课提示：对应学生用书18页
　
Ⅰ.单句语法填空(非谓语动词Ⅱ)
1．________ (follow) our example, they may start eating vegetables themselves.
答案与解析：Following　效仿我们的示例，他们自己可能开始吃蔬菜。分析句子结构可知，设空处前面无连词，所以逗号前的内容要作状语，设空处需要填非谓语动词。又因为设空处的动作与主句的主语they之间是主动关系，故用其动词 ing形式作状语。
2．People with disabilities are now doing many things ________ (improve) the quality of their lives.
答案与解析：to improve　为了提高生活质量，残疾人现在做许多事情。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语are doing，所以设空处只能是非谓语动词，又根据句子语境“做许多事情是为了提高生活质量”可知，设空处应该填动词不定式作目的状语。
3．________ (raise) in the poorest area, he had a long, hard road to become a football star.
答案与解析：Raised　因在最贫穷的地区长大，他的球星之路漫长而艰辛。分词短语代替状语从句时，前后主语一致，而句子主语he与动词raise是逻辑上的被动关系，故用raise的过去分词形式。
4．The heavy metal pollutants can also be recycled, ________ (make) the process even more efficient.
答案与解析：making　重金属的污染物也可以被回收利用，从而使这一过程更加有效。根据语境，“使得过程更加有效”是前面提到的“回收利用”的必然结果，故用动词 ing形式作结果状语。
5．The producer comes regularly to collect the cameras ________ (return) to our shop for quality problems.
答案与解析：returned　厂商定期来回收因质量问题而被退回我们店的相机。return在此处作定语修饰cameras，cameras是return这一动作的承受者，故用return的过去分词形式。
6．Every year, thousands of visitors come to visit the old temple ________ (date) from the ninth century.
答案与解析：dating　每年，数以千计的游客都来参观这座始建于9世纪的寺庙。come为本句的谓语动词，且设空处前无连词，故date应用非谓语动词形式。date from意为“起源于”，无被动形式，在此处作定语，故用动词 ing形式的dating。date from无被动形式，考查其非谓语动词的用法时，只能用现在分词的形式dating from。
7．Every single American will have the opportunity ________ (realize) his or her fullest potential.
答案与解析：to realize　每一个美国人都有实现自己最大潜能的机会。have the opportunity to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“有做某事的机会”，故填to realize。
8．________ (sign) up for a digital TV service provides you with access to over 200 channels from all over the globe.
答案与解析：Signing　申请开通一项数字电视服务可让您能收看到来自全球的200多个频道。本句谓语动词为provides，且本句陈述具体的事实，故用动词 ing短语作主语。
9．It is hard ________ (live) with these two wolves inside me, for both of them try ________ (control) my spirit at the same time.
答案与解析：to live；to control　我很难与内心里的这两只狼共处，因为它们两个同时都要来控制我的精神。第一空所在的句子为It作形式主语的句式，“It＋be动词＋adj.＋to do sth.”为固定句型，故不定式短语作句子真正的主语；第二空想要表达“它们同时都要来控制我的精神”的意思，故用不定式作动词的宾语。
10．The health service is ________ (locate) in the main building.
答案与解析：located　医疗服务机构在主楼。分析句子结构可知，本句已有系动词is，设空处应用非谓语动词形式，且设空处在句中作表语，表示主语的状态，故用过去分词located。
Ⅱ.七选五
2024·九省联考 说明文 310词 ★★☆☆☆
Common Mistakes New Runners Make
Running is a great way to get in shape and just about everyone can do it. However, many make a number of common mistakes, which can interfere (妨碍) with training or lead to injury. __1__， keep these things in mind to help you increase your chances of running success.
Doing too much too soon
One of the biggest mistakes new runners make is doing too much too soon. Slowly easing into a training program will help reduce the risk of injury, so you can continue on with your new running routine. __2__．
__3__
Beginners might think they need to run every day (or nearly every day) to meet their fitness or weight loss goals, but this couldn't be further from the truth. Running is a high impact activity which can be really hard on your body. So it's important to give your body a rest between workouts.
Not wearing the right equipment
__4__， it's important that you wear properly for your workouts. The most important piece of equipment for running is a good pair of running shoes, so be sure to do some research before you purchase a pair. Visit a running specialty store and ask an employee to fit you for a shoe.
Running through pain
__5__. If something hurts when you run, you need to stop and treat the pain. Remember: It doesn't make you less of a runner if you listen to your body to keep it healthy.
A．Not taking rest days
B．If you're just starting out
C．Comparing yourself to others
D．Running can be uncomfortable at times
E．It's important not to use the same muscles
F.While it may be true that you don't need expensive equipment to take up running
G.Experts suggest increasing your running distance by no more than 10% each week
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了新手跑步者常犯的错误。
1．答案与解析：B　上文“Running is a great way to get in shape and just about everyone can do it. However, many make a number of common mistakes, which can interfere (妨碍) with training or lead to injury. (跑步是保持体形的好方法，几乎每个人都可以做到。然而，许多人会犯一些常见的错误，这些错误可能会干扰训练或导致受伤。)”指出跑步时有些人会犯一些常见的错误，这些错误可能会干扰训练或导致受伤，由本文标题“Common Mistakes New Runners Make(跑步新手常犯的错误)”可知，本文主要指出跑步新手会犯的错误，根据下文“keep these things in mind to help you increase your chances of running success.(记住这些事情可以帮助您增加跑步成功的机会。)”可知，空处是状语从句，B项“如果你刚刚开始”符合，是下文的条件，同时也符合主题，即如果你是跑步新手，本文的建议会帮助你增加成功跑步的机会，故选B。
2．答案与解析：G　上文“One of the biggest mistakes new runners make is doing too much too soon. Slowly easing into a training program will help reduce the risk of injury, so you can continue on with your new running routine. (跑步新手犯的最大错误之一就是跑得太多太快。慢慢地进入训练计划将有助于降低受伤风险，这样您就可以继续新的跑步习惯。)”指出刚开始跑步的人会跑得太快，所以要慢慢进入训练，不要跑太多太快，G项“专家建议每周增加跑步距离不超过10%”符合，指出不要跑太多，故选G。
3．答案与解析：A　此处是本段小标题，即新手跑步者常犯的错误之一，根据下文“Beginners might think they need to run every day (or nearly every day) to meet their fitness or weight loss goals, but this couldn't be further from the truth. Running is a high impact activity which can be really hard on your body. So it's important to give your body a rest between workouts. [初学者可能认为他们需要每天(或几乎每天)跑步才能达到健身或减肥目标，但这与事实相差甚远。跑步是一项高强度的活动，对您的身体来说影响的确很大。因此，在锻炼之间让身体休息很重要。]”可知，新手跑步者不休息，A项“没有休息日”符合，故选A。
4．答案与解析：F　根据本段标题“Not wearing the right equipment(没有穿戴合适的装备)”可知，本段主要介绍了新手跑步者常犯的错误之一是没有穿戴合适的装备，下文“it's important that you wear properly for your workouts.(锻炼时正确穿着很重要。)”强调跑步时正确穿着很重要，空处也应与“穿戴合适的装备”有关，F项“虽然你可能确实不需要昂贵的设备来开始跑步”符合，其中“equipment”呼应标题中的“the right equipment”，虽然你可能确实不需要昂贵的设备来开始跑步，但是锻炼时正确穿着很重要，故选F。
5．答案与解析：D　下文“If something hurts when you run, you need to stop and treat the pain. (如果跑步时感到疼痛，则需要停下来治疗疼痛。)”指出跑步时如果感到疼痛，应该停下来，这说明有时候跑步会让人感到疼痛，D项“跑步有时会感到不舒服”符合，引起下文，下文介绍了感到疼痛时该如何做，故选D。
Ⅲ.完形填空
2024·浙江三地市质检 记叙文 210词 ★★★☆☆
I'm Hayley. I graduated from YCIS Shanghai in 2021, and I'm now __1__ computer engineering and economics at Johns Hopkins University in America. This autumn, I will __2__ my third year.
In the summer two years ago, I remember being extremely excited yet nervous, as I was about to begin my university __3__. I was also quite __4__ at the idea of being away from home for so long for the first time in my life. As I said goodbye to my parents at the airport, I felt a mix of __5__ and upset. I was travelling to a different continent by myself, with two suitcases beside me, and the __6__ to have an unforgettable college experience.
At school, there might be challenging times. What if I don't make any friends What if my classes get __7__？ How will I do my laundry Yes, I've been there too, and __8__ these questions. Don't worry; you'll make friends. Just learn to __9__ the right people.
Classes will, most __10__， become intense, especially towards exams. But it's all right; we all can __11__. You will have a lot of people around you who can help.
It's __12__ to worry about things like these. You'll slowly __13__ that you'll take on these __14__ as you go, and that they won't be as terrifying as you had __15__.
【语篇解读】　Hayley是一名即将进入大三的学生。两年前Hayley高中毕业，考上了美国约翰·霍普金斯大学。在机场与父母分别之时，她对未来感到恐惧与不安。Hayley在文末告诉读者——对未知的担忧是正常的，但是，你会慢慢意识到你会在前进的过程中接受这些挑战，它们并没有想象中那么可怕。
1．A.teaching B．studying
C．explaining D．testing
答案与解析：B　根据空前的“graduated from YCIS Shanghai”和空后的“computer engineering and economics at Johns Hopkins University in America”可知，作者2021年从上海耀中外籍人员子女学校毕业，现在在美国约翰·霍普金斯大学学习(studying)。explain“解释”。
2．A.plan B．miss
C．avoid D．start
答案与解析：D　根据常识可知，作者2021年高中毕业考入大学，现在(2023年秋季)应该会开始(start)大三的学业。avoid“避免”。
3．A.application B．tournament
C．journey D．vacation
答案与解析：C　根据上文可知，“the summer two years ago”指的应该是2021年的夏天，作者即将踏上大学旅程(journey)。application“申请，应用”；tournament“锦标赛，联赛”；vacation“假期”。
4．A.annoyed B．anxious
C．disappointed D．shocked
答案与解析：B　根据上文中的“I remember being extremely excited yet nervous”和下文中的“As I said goodbye to my parents at the airport，I felt a mix of __5__ and upset.”可知，作者平生第一次独自一人离家求学，内心难免对未来有些担心(anxious)。annoyed“烦恼的，生气的”；disappointed“失望的，沮丧的”；shocked“吃惊的，震惊的”。
5．A.anger B．hate
C．respect D．fear
答案与解析：D　根据上文中的“away from home for so long for the first time”和空后的并列项upset可知，作者对未知之旅感到恐惧(fear)与不安。anger“愤怒，怒火”；hate“憎恶”；respect“尊敬，敬重”。
6．A.luck B．patience
C．determination D．freedom
答案与解析：C　根据上文中的“with two suitcases beside me”可知，此处描述了作者出发时的状态。结合常识和空后的“to have an unforgettable college experience”可知，作者在出发前下定决心(determination)要有一段难忘的大学经历。patience“耐心”；freedom“自由，自主”。
7．A.painful B．stressful
C．meaningful D．peaceful
答案与解析：B　根据本段的中心句“there might be challenging times”和前后的问句可知，此处讲的是作者可能面临的挑战。结合生活实际可知，学业上的挑战可能是学习压力大(stressful)。painful“令人痛苦(难受)的，困难的”；meaningful“有意义的，重要的”；peaceful“宁静的，和平的”。
8．A.commented on B．escaped from
C．thought about D．brought back
答案与解析：C　根据空后作者安慰自己的句子“Don't worry；you'll make friends.”可知，此处讲的是作者出发的时候想到(thought about)的一些问题。comment on“对……进行评论”；escape from“从……中逃脱”；bring back“使想起，恢复”。
9．A.hire B．pick
C．interview D．appoint
答案与解析：B　根据空前的“Don't worry；you'll make friends”和常识可知，在结交朋友的时候要学会选择(pick)对的人。hire“租用，租借”；appoint“任命，委派，约定”。
10．A.frequently B．encouragingly
C．likely D．importantly
答案与解析：C　根据上一段中的“At school，there might be challenging times.What if...How will...”可知，这里讲到的还是作者对未来可能出现的情况的猜测——“课程很可能(likely)会变得紧张，尤其是临近考试时”。frequently“经常地，频繁地”；encouragingly“鼓励地”。
11．A.dream B．relax
C．enjoy D．survive
答案与解析：D　根据空前的“But it's all right”和空后的“You will have a lot of people around you who can help.”可知，有人帮助的话，作者肯定会挺过来(survive)的。
12．A.difficult B．interesting
C．normal D．unusual
答案与解析：C　根据生活常识可知，人在面对未知局面时，担忧是再正常(normal)不过的了。
13．A.forget B．realize
C．promise D．regret
答案与解析：B　根据上文中的“It's __12__ to worry about things like these.”和下文中的“they won't be as terrifying”可知，在你前进的过程中，你会慢慢意识到(realize)未知的挑战并没有你想象中那么可怕。promise“许诺，保证，答应”。
14．A challenges B．activities
C．responsibilities D．jobs
答案与解析：A　根据上文中的“At school, there might be challenging times.”和第13空的解析可知，你会慢慢意识到未知并不可怕，你会接受这些挑战(challenges)。activity“活动”；responsibility“责任”。
15．A.overcome B．advertised
C．highlighted D．imagined
答案与解析：D　根据上文中的“I've been there too, and __8__ these questions.”可知，那些挑战都是作者想象的，但是，慢慢地你会意识到它们并没有你想象(imagined)中那么可怕。overcome“克服，解决”；advertise“(为……)做广告，登广告”；highlight“突出，强调”。
黄金考点
语法填空——副词、形容词
考点14 副词修饰谓语动词
考例 A taste for meat is ________ (actual) behind the change: An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle.
点拨 修饰作谓语的系表结构，要用副词形式，故填actually。
考点15 副词修饰谓语动词、形容词
考例 As the small boat moved ________ (gentle) along the river he was left speechless by the mountains being silently reflected in the water.
点拨 句意：当小船顺着江轻轻的移动时，群山在水中的沉默的倒影使他说不出话来。这里空处单词修饰as引导的时间状语从句中的谓语动词moved。故填gently。
考点16 形容词作定语、表语
考例 According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total ________ (globe) fertilizer consumption.
点拨 中国占全球肥料消费总量的大约30%。作名词consumption的定语，应用其形容词形式global“全球的，全世界的”。练习2　单句语法填空＋七选五＋完形填空
授课提示：对应学生用书3页
　
Ⅰ.单句语法填空(介词)
1．[2024·广东深圳实验学校联考]Here you'll be in one of the world's most remote locations, but still have access ________ hot showers and well prepared meals.
答案与解析：to　句意为：在这里你将身处世界上最偏远的地方之一，但仍有机会洗热水澡和享用精心准备的饭菜。have access to...为固定短语，意为“有机会使用……”。故填to。
2．[2024·山东春季二模改编]Happiness is on the basis ________ your feelings in your heart.
答案与解析：of　句意为：幸福是建立在你内心感受的基础上的。on the basis of...为固定短语，意为“在……的基础上”，故填of。
3．[2024·湖南长沙二中检测]The police believe that the same man is responsible ________ three other murders in the area.
答案与解析：for　句意为：警方认为该地区其他三宗谋杀案也是此人所为。be responsible for...为固定搭配，意为“对……有责任”。故填for。
4．[2024·湖北华中师大二附中月考]When the explorers first set foot ________ the continent of North America, the skies and lands were alive with an astonishing variety of wildlife.
答案与解析：on　句意为：当探险者们第一次踏上北美大陆时，天空和陆地上到处都是各种各样令人吃惊的野生动物。根据空后的the continent可知，此处表示“在大陆上”，应用介词on。set foot on意为“进入；到达”。故填on。
5．They believe they can achieve anything merely ________ clicking a button.
答案与解析：by　他们相信他们仅仅通过点击一个按钮就能实现任何事情。表示“通过做某事”用介词by。
6．In the long run, the advantages of online education extend beyond the students and their employers to the effect ________ the economy.
答案与解析：on　从长远来看，在线教育不仅让学生和他们的雇主受益，还对经济有影响。此处表示“对……的影响”，应用介词on。the effect on sth.意为“对某事的影响”，故填on。
7．The gentleman who asked about our intention had left his credit card number to pay ________ our order and then walked off.
答案与解析：for　询问我们的意图的那位绅士留下了他的信用卡号码以支付我们的订单，然后走开了。pay for为固定搭配，意为“为……付款”，故填for。
8．I know that her high standards have helped me stay focused ________ what's important.
答案与解析：on　我知道她的高标准已经帮助了我专注于重要的事情。focus on为固定搭配，意为“集中于；关注”，故填on。
9．To make a huge success, a scientist has to be prepared to get ________ deep trouble.
答案与解析：into　为了取得巨大的成功，科学家必须作好深陷困境的准备。get into trouble为固定搭配，意为“陷入困境”，故填into。
10．Unfortunately, in his twenties, he suffered ________ a disease that couldn't be cured, which was a great challenge for him.
答案与解析：from　不幸的是，在他二十多岁的时候，他患上了一种无法治愈的疾病，这对他来说是一个巨大的挑战。suffer from为固定搭配，意为“患……病；受……之苦”，故填from。
Ⅱ.七选五
2023·新课标Ⅰ卷 说明文 300词 ★★★☆☆
Personal Forgiveness
Taking responsibility for mistakes is a positive step, but don't beat yourself up about them. To err (犯错) is human. __1__ You can use the following writing exercise to help you do this.
In a journal or on a piece of paper, put the heading “Personal strengths.” __2__ Are you caring Creative Generous A good listener Fun to be around They don't have to be world changing, just aspects of your personality that you're proud of.
At the top of a second page, put the heading “Acts of kindness.” On this one, list all the positive things you've done for others. It might be the time when you helped a friend with their homework, when you did the ironing without being asked, or when you baked cookies after the family had had a tiring day. __3__
You could ask a friend or family member to help add to your list. __4__ That way, you could exchange thoughts on what makes each of you special and the aspects of your personality that shine through. In fact, don't wait until you've made a mistake to try this—it's a great way to boost self confidence at any time.
It's something of a cliché (陈词滥调) that most people learn not from their successes but their mistakes. The thing is, it's true. __5__ We're all changing and learning all the time and mistakes are a positive way to develop and grow.
A．A little self forgiveness also goes a long way.
B．Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself.
C．They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise.
D．It's just as important to show yourself some forgiveness.
E．It doesn't mean you have to ignore what's happened or forget it.
F．Whatever it is, no matter how small it might seem, write it down.
G．Whatever the mistake, remember it isn't a fixed aspect of your personality.
【语篇解读】　本文为一篇说明文。文章鼓励人们练习自我宽恕，并提供了一个简单的写作练习来增强自信。通过列出个人的优点和善良的行为，人们可以学会原谅自己的错误，并从中成长。
1．答案与解析：D　根据空前内容“Taking responsibility for mistakes is a positive step, but don't beat yourself up about them. To err (犯错) is human. (为错误承担责任是积极的一步，但不要因此而自责。人孰能无过)”可知，作者认为人都会犯错，勇于承担责任固然重要，但是也不要因此而过于自责。结合空后“You can use the following writing exercise to help you do this. (你可以使用下面的写作练习来帮助你做到这一点)”中的“do this”以及下文内容可推断，空处应该内容和“不要太自责”相似。选项D“It's just as important to show yourself some forgiveness. (宽恕自己也同样重要)”与“不要太自责”语意相近，起承上启下的作用。故选D。
2．答案与解析：B　根据空前内容“In a journal or on a piece of paper, put the heading ‘Personal strengths.’ (在日记或纸上写上‘个人优点’)”以及空后内容“Are you caring Creative Generous A good listener Fun to be around They don't have to be world changing, just aspects of your personality that you're proud of. (你有爱心吗？有创造力吗？你慷慨吗？是一个好的倾听者？与人相处很有趣吗？它们不一定要改变世界，只要你个性中让你感到自豪的方面就行)”可知，空处指的是列出一些你个性中的优点。选项B“Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself. (现在列出所有你喜欢的自己身上的特点)”符合上下文内容，下文内容具体解释哪些是优点。故选B。
3．答案与解析：F　根据上文内容“At the top of a second page, put the heading ‘Acts of kindness.’ On this one, list all the positive things you've done for others. It might be the time when you helped a friend with their homework, when you did the ironing without being asked, or when you baked cookies after the family had had a tiring day. (在第二页的顶部，写上‘善举’的标题。在这张单子上，列出你为别人做过的所有积极的事情。它可能是当你帮助朋友做作业的时候，当你没有被要求却主动熨衣服的时候，或者当你在家人累了一天之后烤饼干的时候)”可知，本段主要讲述的是列出一些自己所做的好事。选项F“Whatever it is, no matter how small it might seem, write it down. (不管是什么，不管它看起来有多小，都要把它写下来)”与上文内容一致，讲述的是不管你所做的事情有多小，只要是好的事情，都记下来。故选F。
4．答案与解析：C　根据空后内容“That way, you could exchange thoughts on what makes each of you special and the aspects of your personality that shine through. (这样，你们就可以交换意见，谈谈是什么让你们每个人都与众不同，以及你们个性中闪光的方面)”可知，空处提到了某种方式，这种方式会使得你和朋友们一起交换意见。选项C“They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise. (他们甚至可能想试一试做练习)”符合语境，C项中的“they”与空前的“You could ask a friend or family member to help add to your list. (你可以让朋友或家人帮你增加你的列表内容。)”中的“a friend or family member”保持一致，同时选项C和下文“In fact, don't wait until you've made a mistake to try this — it's a great way to boost self confidence at any time. (事实上，不要等到你犯了错误才去尝试这个——这是一个在任何时候都能增强自信的好方法)”中的“this”一致。故选C。
5．答案与解析：G　根据空前内容“It's something of a cliché (陈词滥调) that most people learn not from their successes but their mistakes. The thing is, it's true. (大多数人不是从他们的成功中学习，而是从他们的错误中学习，这是陈词滥调。但事实是，这是真的)”可知，作者认为人是从错误中学习。选项G“Whatever the mistake, remember it isn't a fixed aspect of your personality. (不管你犯了什么错误，记住这不是你性格中固定的一面)”符合语境，G项中的“isn't a fixed aspect of your personality”和空后内容“We're all changing and learning all the time and mistakes are a positive way to develop and grow. (我们一直在改变和学习，错误是一种积极的发展和成长的方式)”保持一致，指的都是犯错并不是性格中固有的一面，我们是通过错误来成长。故选G。
Ⅲ.完形填空
2023·新课标Ⅰ卷 记叙文 246词 ★★☆☆☆
On Oct. 11, hundreds of runners competed in a cross country race in Minnesota. Melanie Bailey should have __1__ the course earlier than she did. Her __2__ came because she was carrying a __3__ across the finish line.
As reported by a local newspaper, Bailey was more than two thirds of the way through her __4__ when a runner in front of her began crying in pain. She __5__ to help her fellow runner, Danielle Lenoue. Bailey took her arm to see if she could walk forward with __6__. She couldn't. Bailey then __7__ to let Lenoue climb onto her back and carried her all the way to the finish line, then another 300 feet to where Lenoue could get __8__ attention.
Once there, Lenoue was __9__ and later taken to a hospital, where she learned that she had serious injuries in one of her knees. She would have struggled with extreme __10__ to make it to that aid checkpoint without Bailey's help.
As for Bailey, she is more __11__ about why her act is considered a big __12__. “She was just crying. I couldn't __13__ her，” Bailey told the reporter. “I feel like I was just doing the right thing.”
Although the two young women were strangers before the __14__， they've since become friends. Neither won the race, but the __15__ of human kindness won the day.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了在明尼苏达州举行的一次越野赛中，Melanie Bailey背着另一个参赛者Danielle Lenoue过终点线并接受医疗检查的善行义举。
1．A.designed B．followed
C．changed D．finished
答案与解析：D　考查动词词义辨析。句意：Melanie Bailey应该更早完成比赛。A.designed设计；B.followed跟随；C.changed改变；D.finished完成。根据下一段的“carried her all the way to the finish line, then another 300 feet to where Lenoue could get __8__ attention”可知，Bailey在比赛中背一名参赛者，所以完成比赛晚了，因此句子表示“Melanie Bailey应该更早完成比赛”。故选D。
2．A.delay B．chance
C．trouble D．excuse
答案与解析：A　考查名词词义辨析。句意：她的延迟是因为她背着一名竞争对手冲过终点线。A.delay延误；B.chance机会；C.trouble麻烦；D.excuse借口。根据上文“Melanie Bailey should have __1__ the course earlier than she did”和上一题的解析可知，Melanie Bailey应该更早完成比赛，她的延迟是因为她背着一名竞争对手冲过终点线。故选A。
3．A.judge B．volunteer
C．classmate D．competitor
答案与解析：D　考查名词词义辨析。句意：她的延迟是因为她背着一名参赛者冲过终点线。A.judge裁判；B.volunteer志愿者；C.classmate同学；D.competitor参赛者。根据第一段的“hundreds of runners competed in a cross country race”可知，她是背着一名参赛者冲过终点线。故选D。
4．A.race B．school
C．town D．training
答案与解析：A　考查名词词义辨析。句意：据当地一家报纸报道，当Bailey跑到比赛的三分之二多的时候，她前面的一名选手开始痛苦地哭喊。A.race比赛；B.school学校；C.town城镇；D.training训练。根据第一段的“hundreds of runners competed in a cross country race”可知，此处是说“当Bailey跑到比赛的三分之二多的时候”。故选A。
5．A.agreed B．returned
C．stopped D．promised
答案与解析：C　考查动词词义辨析。句意：她停下来帮助她的同伴Danielle Lenoue。A.agreed同意；B.returned回来；C.stopped停止；D.promised答应。根据下文“to help her fellow runner”可知，她停下来帮助她的同伴Danielle Lenoue。故选C。
6．A.courage B．aid
C．patience D．advice
答案与解析：B　考查名词词义辨析。句意：Bailey扶着她的胳膊，看看她能否在她的帮助下向前走。A.courage勇气；B.aid帮助；C.patience耐心；D.advice建议。根据上文“Bailey took her arm”可知，此处表示看她是否能在Bailey的帮助下向前走。故选B。
7．A.went away B．stood up
C．stepped aside D．bent down
答案与解析：D　考查动词短语辨析。句意：然后Bailey弯下腰，让Lenoue爬到她的背上，一路背着她走到终点线，然后又走了300英尺，到Lenoue接受医疗检查的地方。A.went away离开； B．stood up站起来；C.stepped aside让路；D.bent down弯腰。根据下文“let Lenoue climb onto her back”可知，Bailey弯下腰，让勒诺爬到她的背上。故选D。
8．A.medical B．public
C．constant D．equal
答案与解析：A　考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然后Bailey弯下腰，让Lenoue爬到她的背上，一路背着她走到终点线，然后又走了300英尺，到Lenoue接受治疗的地方。A.medical医疗的；B.public公众的；C.constant持续不断的；D.equal平等的。根据上文“began crying in pain”可知，Danielle Lenoue很疼，所以是要接受医疗检查，medical attention意为“医疗救助”。故选A。
9．A.interrupted B．assessed
C．identified D．appreciated
答案与解析：B　考查动词词义辨析。句意：Lenoue在那里接受了检查，后来被送往医院，在那里她得知自己的一个膝盖受了重伤。A.interrupted打断；B.assessed评估；C.identified识别；D.appreciated感激。根据下文“later taken to a hospital”可知，她是先接受了检查，再被送往医院，也就是先接受评估。故选B。
10．A.hunger B．pain
C．cold D．tiredness
答案与解析：B　考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果没有Bailey的帮助，她可能会在极度的痛苦中挣扎着到达那个援助检查站。A.hunger饥饿；B.pain疼痛；C.cold感冒；D.tiredness疲劳。根据第5空前的“began crying in pain”可知，此处表示“如果没有Bailey的帮助，她可能会在极度的痛苦中挣扎着到达那个援助检查站”。故选B。
11．A.worried B．ashamed
C．confused D．discouraged
答案与解析：C　考查形容词词义辨析。句意：至于Bailey，她更困惑的是为什么她的行为被认为是一件大事。A.worried担心的；B.ashamed惭愧的；C.confused困惑的；D.discouraged泄气的。根据下文“I feel like I was just doing the right thing”可知，Bailey觉得自己只是做了正确的事情，所以她对她的行为被认为是一件大事感到困惑。故选C。
12．A.game B．problem
C．lesson D．deal
答案与解析：D　考查名词词义辨析。句意：至于Bailey，她更困惑的是为什么她的行为被认为是一件大事。A.game游戏；B.problem问题；C.lesson课；D.deal交易，局面。根据下文“I feel like I was just doing the right thing”可知，Bailey觉得自己只是做了正确的事情，所以她对她的行为被认为是一件大事感到困惑，a big deal意为“非常重要的事”。故选D。
13．A.leave B．cure
C．bother D．understand
答案与解析：A　考查动词词义辨析。句意：我不能离开她。A.leave离开；B.cure治愈；C.bother打扰；D.understand理解。根据上文“She was just crying”以及Lenoue爬到她的背上，一路背着她走到终点线，然后又走了300英尺。可知，Bailey看见Lenoue哭喊，所以觉得不能离开她。故选A。
14．A.ride B．test
C．meet D．show
答案与解析：C　考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然这两个年轻女子在那场体育比赛之前是陌生人，但后来她们成了朋友。A.ride短途旅程；B.test测试；C.meet体育比赛；D.show展示。根据第一段“hundreds of runners competed in a cross country race”及空前的“the two young women were strangers before”可知，当时是一场比赛，句子表示“这两个年轻女子在那场体育比赛之前是陌生人”。故选C。
15．A.secret B．display
C．benefit D．exchange
答案与解析：B　考查名词词义辨析。句意：两人都没有赢得比赛，但展现的人性的善良赢得了胜利。A.secret秘密；B.display展示；C.benefit利益；D.exchange交换。根据第二段的“let Lenoue climb onto her back and carried her all the way to the finish line, then another 300 feet to where Lenoue could get __8__ attention”可知，Bailey背着一个参赛者过终点线，并背她去接受检查，这展示了人类的善良。故选B。
黄金考点
语法填空——冠词
考点3 用在序数词前或最高级前
考例 The plum trees are ________ first to flower even as the snow is melting (融化).
点拨 在序数词first前，要用定冠词the。
考点4 冠词用于固定短语
考例 Unexpectedly, I'm face to face with the gorilla (大猩猩), who begins screaming at ________ top of her lungs.
点拨 at the top of“在……的顶上； 在……的顶点”，为固定搭配， 故填the。练习11　七选五＋完形填空＋读后续写
授课提示：对应学生用书25页
　
Ⅰ.七选五
2023·全国乙卷 说明文 226词 ★★☆☆☆
Indoor plants might look as if they just sit around not doing much, but in many ways they are the unsung heroes of the home. __1__， but studies have shown that they can promote people's wellbeing by improving their mood (心情), reducing stress and helping their memory. What's more, indoor plants are easy to look after and are not very expensive.
What are indoor plants
Indoor plants, also known as houseplants or pot plants, are plants that like to grow indoors. Many of these species (物种) are not ideally suited to growing outside in the UK, especially in the winter. __2__.
Why are indoor plants good for you
Will Spoelstra, who works at the Royal Botanic Gardens, says, “ __3__. I find during the winter months, plants around the house can really lift your mood.” Several studies have backed this up and found that indoor plants can improve creativity, focus and memory. There is also research showing that pot plants can clean the air around them by removing harmful gases, such as carbon dioxide. They also remove some harmful chemicals from paints or cooking. __4__.
Which plants can you grow
Aloe vera, peace lilies and spider plants are some of the species that are easy to grow indoors. You can buy plants from supermarkets, garden centres or online. Younger plants are often cheaper than fully grown ones, and you get to care for them as they mature — which is part of the joy of owning plants. “ __5__，” Spoelstra says. “It can bring a new interest and focus into people's lives and help to make the link between home and nature.”
A．All plants are different
B．Not only do they look beautiful
C.There are many benefits to growing plants indoors
D.Instead, they grow better inside, where it is warmer
E．Plants like peace lilies and devil's ivy are among the best
F．Changing the pot of your plant from time to time will also help
G．Learning about the requirements of each plant can be very rewarding
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了什么是室内植物、室内植物带来的好处及你能种植哪些室内植物。
1．答案与解析：B　根据下文“but studies have shown that they can promote people's wellbeing by improving their mood (心情), reducing stress and helping their memory.(而且研究表明，它们可以通过改善情绪、减轻压力和帮助增强记忆力来促进人们的健康)”可知，此处与下文是递进关系，构成not only...but“不仅……而且……”结构。由此可知，B.Not only do they look beautiful(它们不仅看起来很漂亮)能够衔接下文，符合语境。故选B。
2．答案与解析：D　根据上文“Many of these species (物种) are not ideally suited to growing outside in the UK, especially in the winter.(这些品种中的许多都不适合在英国户外生长，尤其是在冬天)”可知，有些植物不适合在户外寒冷的环境中生长，即适合在温暖的地方生长。由此可知，D.Instead, they grow better inside, where it is warmer(相反，它们在温暖的室内生长得更好)能够承接上文，符合语境。故选D。
3．答案与解析：C　根据下文“I find during the winter months, plants around the house can really lift your mood.(我发现在冬天的几个月里，房子周围的植物真的能提升你的情绪)”可知，室内植物对人有好处。由此可知，C.There are many benefits to growing plants indoors(在室内种植植物有很多好处)能够衔接下文，符合语境。故选C。
4．答案与解析：E　根据上文“There is also research showing that pot plants can clean the air around them by removing harmful gases, such as carbon dioxide. They also remove some harmful chemicals from paints or cooking.(也有研究表明，盆栽植物可以通过去除二氧化碳等有害气体来净化周围的空气。它们还能去除油漆或烹饪中的一些有害化学物质)”可知，盆栽植物能够清除有害物质。由此可知，E. Plants like peace lilies and devil's ivy are among the best(像和平百合和魔芋之类的植物是最好的)能够承接上文，列举了在这方面做的最好的植物，符合语境。故选E。
5．答案与解析：G　根据上文“Younger plants are often cheaper than fully grown ones, and you get to care for them as they mature—which is part of the joy of owning plants.(年轻的植物通常比成熟的植物便宜，而且你可以在它们成熟时照顾它们——这是拥有植物的乐趣之一)”可知，不同的植物需求是不同的。由此可知，G. Learning about the requirements of each plant can be very rewarding(了解每种植物的需求是非常有益的)能够承接上文，同时引起下文，下文“It can bring a new interest and focus into people's lives and help to make the link between home and nature.(它可以为人们的生活带来新的兴趣和焦点，并有助于建立家庭与自然之间的联系。)”具体介绍了了解每种植物的需求的好处。故选G。
Ⅱ.完形填空
2024·九省联考 记叙文 213词 ★★★☆☆
I was halfway across Indiana headed home to Kentucky when my car broke down. My phone was __1__， too. I managed to get to a gas station, but it was Sunday in the early fall, and there was no __2__ on duty. I was working my way through university then and had little money for __3__ the car.
I sat alongside my car for several hours trying to __4__ the heat when an older gentleman __5__ to fuel his car. He asked about my car, and I __6__ my predicament (困境). To my __7__， the gentleman told me that he had a daughter of my age, and then he opened his trunk and __8__ a tool set.
Right then and there, this total __9__ examined my engine, explaining as he worked that my spark plugs (火花塞) hadn't been changed for so long that they were __10__ to function. After about an hour, he __11__ that my car was safe to finish the trip.
__12__ came at the hands of a stranger. __13__ his clothes, working on a hot September afternoon, this man __14__ a college student from disaster, just because she could have been his __15__．
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者的车在半路坏了，正巧赶上周日，在加油站并没有找到修车的人。这时恰巧有一位年长的绅士来加油。了解到作者遇到的困难后，他主动帮助作者修了车。作者对此非常的感谢。
1．A.busy B．loud
C．dead D．secure
答案与解析：C　考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我的手机也没电了。A. busy忙的；B. loud大声的；C. dead(因无电力)不工作的；D. secure可靠的。根据上文“I was halfway across Indiana headed home to Kentucky when my car broke down.”以及句中的too可知，作者的车坏了，手机也因为没电而关机了。故选C。
2．A.mechanic B．policeman
C．manager D．guide
答案与解析：A　考查名词词义辨析。句意：我设法去了一个加油站，但那是初秋的周日，没有机修工值班。A. mechanic机修工；B. policeman警察；C. manager经理；D. guide指导。根据上文“but it was Sunday in the early fall”可知，作者的车坏了，所以她应该去找修车的。但是因为是周日，所以加油站的机修工都没上班。故选A。
3．A.washing B．parking
C．purchasing D．maintaining
答案与解析：D　考查动词词义辨析。句意：当时我正努力读大学，几乎没有钱保养这辆车。A. washing清洗；B. parking停车；C. purchasing购买；D. maintaining保养；维修。根据空前“I was working my way through university then and had little money”可知，作者当时正在读大学，没有什么钱保养汽车。故选D。
4．A.feel B．beat
C．absorb D．produce
答案与解析：B　考查动词词义辨析。句意：我在车旁坐了几个小时试图避暑，这时一位年长的绅士停下来给他的车加油。A.feel感觉；B.beat击败；C.absorb吸收；D.produce生产。根据下文“working on a hot September afternoon”可知，事情发生在一个炎热的夏天，作者坐在车边试图保持凉爽。beat the heat“消暑，在炎热的天气中保持凉爽”。故选B。
5．A.promised B．refused
C．stopped D．volunteered
答案与解析：C　考查动词词义辨析。句意：我在车旁坐了几个小时试图避暑，这时一位年长的绅士停下来给他的车加油。A. promised答应了；B. refused拒绝；C. stopped停止；D. volunteered自愿做。根据上文“I managed to get to a gas station”可知，作者是在加油站，所以有一辆车停下来加油。故选C。
6．A.solved B．noticed
C．escaped D．explained
答案与解析：D　考查动词词义辨析。句意：他问起我的车，我解释了我的困境。A.solved解决；B.noticed注意到；C.escaped逃脱；D.explained解释。根据上文“He asked about my car”可知，这位绅士询问作者的车出了什么问题，然后作者向他解释了他的困境。故选D。
7．A.surprise B．regret
C．amusement D．disappointment
答案与解析：A　考查名词词义辨析。句意：令我惊讶的是，这位先生告诉我，他有一个和我同龄的女儿，然后他打开行李箱，拿出了一套工具。A. surprise惊讶；B. regret遗憾；C. amusement可笑；D. disappointment失望。根据下文“the gentleman told me that he had a daughter of my age, and then he opened his trunk and __8__ a tool set”可知，这位年长的绅士听到作者的困难后，告诉作者他也有一个女儿，而且从车里拿出一套工具。这让作为陌生人的作者感到非常的惊讶。故选A。
8．A.called up B．pulled out
C．put down D．threw away
答案与解析：B　考查动词短语辨析。句意：令我惊讶的是，这位先生告诉我，他有一个和我同龄的女儿，然后他打开行李箱，拿出了一套工具。A. called up打电话给；B. pulled out取出；C. put down放下；D. threw away扔掉；丢弃。根据空后“a tool set”以及下文“Right then and there, this total __9__ examined my engine, explaining as he worked that my spark plugs (火花塞) hadn't been changed for so long that they were __10__ to function.”可知，这位绅士从他的车里拿出一套工具，帮作者修起了车。故选B。
9．A.liar B．beginner
C．stranger D．loser
答案与解析：C　考查名词词义辨析。句意：就在这时，这个完全陌生的人检查了我的发动机，一边检查一边解释说，我的火花塞已经很久没有更换了，以至于无法工作。A. liar骗子；B. beginner初学者；C. stranger陌生人；D. loser失败者。根据上文“I sat alongside my car for several hours trying to __4__ the heat when an older gentleman __5__ to fuel his car.”以及全文语境可知，这个绅士对于作者来说完全是个陌生人。故选C。
10．A.free B．ready
C．uncertain D．unable
答案与解析：D　考查形容词词义辨析。句意：就在这时，这个完全陌生的人检查了我的发动机，一边检查一边解释说，我的火花塞已经很久没有更换了，以至于无法工作。A. free免费的；B. ready准备好的；C. uncertain不确定；D. unable不能的。根据上文“explaining as he worked that my spark plugs (火花塞) hadn't been changed for so long”可知，由于车辆的火花塞已经很久没有更换了，所以导致它不能正常工作。故选D。
11．A.pronounced B．agreed
C．discovered D．doubted
答案与解析：A　考查动词词义辨析。句意：大约一个小时后，他宣称我的车可以安全地走完旅程。A.pronounced宣布；B.agreed同意；C.discovered发现；D.doubted怀疑。根据空后“that my car was safe to finish the trip”可知，经过一个小时的修理后，那个绅士宣称我的车可以安全地走完旅程。故选A。
12．A.Tiredness B．Kindness
C．Loneliness D．Carefulness
答案与解析：B　考查名词词义辨析。句意：善意来自一个陌生人。A.Tiredness疲劳；B.Kindness善良；C.Loneliness孤独；D.Carefulness细心。根据全文语境可知，一位陌生人帮助了他，所以此处指善意来自一个陌生人。故选B。
13．A.Folding B．Drying
C．Soiling D．Mending
答案与解析：C　考查动词词义辨析。句意：在一个炎热的九月下午，这个男人弄脏了自己的衣服，帮助了一个大学生免于遭受灾难，只因为她可能和他的女儿同龄。A.Folding折叠；B.Drying干燥；C.Soiling弄脏；D.Mending修补。根据上文“After about an hour, he __11__ that my car was safe to finish the trip.”可知，那位绅士给作者修了一个小时的车。此处指修车时弄脏了自己的衣服。故选C。
14．A.saved B．called
C．judged D．banned
答案与解析：A　考查动词词义辨析。句意：在一个炎热的九月下午，这个男人弄脏了自己的衣服，帮助了一个大学生免于遭受灾难，只因为她可能和他的女儿同龄。A.saved救助；B.called打电话；C.judged判断；D.banned禁止。根据上文“Right then and there, this total __9__ examined my engine, explaining as he worked that my spark plugs (火花塞) hadn't been changed for so long that they were __10__ to function.”可知，这个陌生人给作者修了车，所以作者觉得他就像是从灾难中救了她。故选A。
15．A.friend B．daughter
C．coworker D．customer
答案与解析：B　考查名词词义辨析。句意：在一个炎热的九月下午，这个男人弄脏了自己的衣服，帮助了一个大学生免于遭受灾难，只因为她可能是和他的女儿同龄。A.friend朋友；B.daughter女儿；C.coworker同事；D.customer顾客。根据上文“the gentleman told me that he had a daughter of my age”可知，作者觉得那位绅士帮助作者是因为他有一个和她同龄的女儿。此处指作者就像那位男士的女儿。故选B。
Ⅲ.读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
[2024·福建福州一检]Though I eat an apple almost every day, one month ago my doctor came to my house standing in front of me, not being kept away, due to my sudden illness.
“Well Jian, I think I need to have a strong talk with you. You are overweight. Have you ever heard about Body Mass Index (指数), BMI Well, I've weighed you and measured your height and you have a BMI of 28. That is obese (肥胖的)，” said the doctor.
I knew I was a little bit overweight but I didn't think it was that bad. He added that my name means “healthy” in Chinese and he thought it was time that I should become healthy. There is a direct link between my health and sport. So he asked me, “How much sport do you do every week？”
I told him that I go for a walk every weekend. Then he replied, “Hmm, that's not a lot. Sport and health go together. They affect your mental, physical and emotional health. For example, sport can improve your mental health, allowing your brain to think better and focus. It will help you to learn more easily. Is that clear, Jian？”
“I think so. I know it would be good to be able to concentrate better at school，” I said.
The doctor explained to me that from a physical point of view, sport makes us tired, so it helps us to sleep better. At the same time, sport burns off the calories that we have consumed. It builds muscle and improves our circulation (血液循环). Sport helps to control our cholesterol count (胆固醇计数) and this is important to stop us having a heart attack. Additionally, it also keeps our blood pressure normal and strengthens our bones.
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
The doctor's words left me lost in thought.
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“Exercising alone is hard. Why not try some team sports？” the doctor suggested
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One possible version：
The doctor's words left me lost in thought. Thinking back to my physical conditions and study, I decided to take his advice. The following day, I got up early and walked to the backyard to take a walk. Hard as it seemed, I insisted on walking fifteen minutes a day. To my satisfaction, I lost several pounds after a week. However, the same scene and people walking alongside me made it boring to continue my walk. I complained to the doctor one day after having a walk.
“Exercising alone is hard. Why not try some team sports？” the doctor suggested. What the doctor said inspired me. But what team sports should I choose I thought about the boys playing basketball every morning in the backyard. I asked them to include me and they did. It was really interesting to do sports with a lot of people. One month later, when examined by the doctor a second time, I owed my good sleep and healthy body to him and thanked him. He smiled and said gently, “Jian, you are ‘Jian’ now. Please hold on！”练习44　语法填空＋七选五＋完形填空
授课提示：对应学生用书111页
　
Ⅰ.语法填空
2024·东北高三质检 说明文 229词 ★★★☆☆
In China, there are 44 national level intangible cultural heritage items related 1.________ tea, including the art of making Biluochun (碧螺春), 2.________ type of green tea. With a history of about 1，000 years, Biluochun, 3.________ translates as “green spiral spring”， is made from tender tea shoots. It is known for its spiral like 4.________ (appear).
To make this tea, the tea trees and fruit trees 5.________ (plant) together. The practice, passed down from ancestors, guarantees the 6.________ (tea) fruity and sweet taste.
Traditionally, Biluochun is produced 7.________ (entire) by hand. About 1 kilogram of leaves 8.________ (pick) from a big tea tree produce only 0.1 kilogram of tea after being processed.
Biluochun must be processed soon after being picked. Tender tea shoots are placed in a heated iron pan and stirred (搅拌) quickly. A person needs to be particularly attentive 9.________ (adjust) the level of heat to judge the condition of the tea by smell. Next 10.________ (come) the shaping process. By stirring, shaking and rubbing the tea leaves in the pan at 100℃， people begin to dry and develop a spiral form. The entire process usually takes about 40 minutes. Every minute matters, or the tea will not taste good.
【语篇解读】　本文主要介绍了中国名茶碧螺春的历史、制作要求以及制作过程。
1．答案与解析：to　考查介词。related to“与……有关”，是固定搭配。句意：在中国，有44项国家级非物质文化遗产项目与茶相关，包括制作绿茶碧螺春的技巧。
2．答案与解析：a　考查冠词。分析句子结构可知，空处＋type of green tea作Biluochun的同位语，此处表示碧螺春是一种绿茶，表泛指，此处用a。
3．答案与解析：which　考查定语从句的引导词。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词Biluochun表示物，故填which。句意：碧螺春已有约1000年的历史，碧螺春翻译过来意思是“绿色的螺旋式的春天”，是用嫩茶尖制作的。
4．答案与解析：appearance　考查名词。空处作介词for的宾语，且其前有形容词spiral like修饰，故填名词appearance。
5．答案与解析：are planted　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，空处作谓语。此处描述客观事实，时态应用一般现在时；plant与主语the tea trees and fruit trees之间是被动关系，应使用被动语态；主语the tea trees and fruit trees表示复数概念，谓语动词应用复数形式。故填are planted。
6．答案与解析：tea's　考查名词所有格。根据空前的the和空后的taste可知，空处与taste之间存在所属关系。故填tea's。句意：祖先传下来的做法保证了茶的果味和甜味。
7．答案与解析：entirely　考查副词。此处修饰介词短语by hand，表示纯手工，应用副词。故填entirely。
8．答案与解析：picked　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，谓语是produce，空处作非谓语。leaves和pick之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词形式，所以空处填picked。句意：从一棵大茶树上摘下来的大约一公斤的叶子加工后只能产出0.1公斤的茶。
9．答案与解析：to adjust　考查非谓语动词。be attentive to do sth.“专心做某事”。故填to adjust。句意：一个人需要特别用心调整火候的大小来根据气味去判断茶叶的状态。
10．答案与解析：comes　考查动词的时态和主谓一致＋倒装结构。分析句子结构可知，本句是完全倒装句。此处描述客观事实，时态应用一般现在时；the shaping process是真正的主语，谓语动词被提到主语前，主语是第三人称单数形式，谓语动词应用单数形式。故填comes。
Ⅱ.七选五
2024·广东广州调研 说明文 230词 ★★★☆☆
Collaboration (协作) happens more often than we realize. __1__. This may seem easy in theory but being an effective collaborator can sometimes be a challenge. Below are the tips on how to improve your collaboration skills.
Listening
__2__. During collaboration, it can be easy to get so wrapped up in your own ideas that you're not giving your full attention and consideration to everyone else's. If everyone in the room falls victim to this, there wouldn't really be any collaboration happening. Take time to really listen and process the ideas of others.
Giving and receiving honest feedback
It's important that everyone is able to be straightforward when giving and receiving feedback. When you share your opinion and someone else disagrees with it, try not to take it personally. __3__. It's not necessarily for your ideas to be right. On the other hand, you should also feel comfortable with giving open and honest feedback to others so long as you're being polite.
__4__
This could be someone who works in a different position at your job, someone with a different background from you, or someone who's an expert in the topic you're seeking information about. This can help to start more dynamic conversations and introduce new ideas you may not have come up with if you were working on your own or with a group of like minded people.
Collaboration may not always be easy. __5__．
A．Appreciating ideas from different fields
B．Seeking collaborators outside your field
C．It's important to not let your self importance take hold
D．Without collaboration, we may not be able to complete most of our work
E．If you do feel annoyed, remind yourself the goal is to find an ideal solution
F．It can be defined as working together with others to achieve a common goal
G．But if you apply these ideas, you may find the experience productive and positive
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。在日常工作和生活中，与他人协作的情况发生的频率比我们意识到的要高，但成为一个有效的合作者有时可能是一个挑战。文章就如何成为一个有效的合作者提供了切实可行的建议。
1．答案与解析：F　上文谈到协作发生的频率比我们意识到的要高。再结合下文的“in theory”可知，空处应该是在理论上对协作进行解释。故F项“它可以被定义为与他人共同努力来实现共同目标”作为过渡衔接句，符合题意。
2．答案与解析：C　本段建议“倾听”。下文谈到在合作过程中，你很容易完全沉浸于自己的想法中，以至于没有全神贯注地考虑别人的想法。故C项“重要的是不要让你的自负占据上风”符合题意。
3．答案与解析：E　本段建议“给予并接受诚实的反馈意见”。上文谈到当你分享你的意见而其他人不同意时，尽量不要生气。下文谈到了你的想法不一定是正确的，故E项“如果你确实感到生气，提醒自己目标是找到理想的解决方案”承上启下，符合语境。
4．答案与解析：B　本空是标题句。根据其他小标题的句式可知，本空应在A项和B项中选择。根据下文的“这可能是在你的工作中担任不同职位的人，与你背景不同的人，或者是你正在寻找的信息的主题方面的专家”可知，本段应讲述寻找什么样的人来合作。故B项“寻找你所在领域以外的合作者”符合题意。
5．答案与解析：G　根据第一段最后一句以及本文的每个小标题所阐述的内容可知，本文是在建议如何成为一个有效的合作者。空前谈到“协作可能并不总是那么容易”，G项“但是，如果你应用这些建议，你可能会发现这种体验是富有成效并积极的”符合语境。选项中的But表转折，同时these ideas与本文的建议相吻合。
Ⅲ.完形填空
2024·浙江名校联考 记叙文 290词 ★★★★☆
Five years ago, I was a trail ride leader at a holiday farm in Victoria. My favourite horse was a warmblood called Holly, a chestnut mare. Aged seven, she was __1__， sweet natured and well trained; the only __2__ with Holly was her vivid imagination. I was constantly surprised by Holly's ability to be __3__ by rabbits, the wind or even shadows—sometimes her own shadow!
One day, as we headed back from a ride on the beach, Holly and I were __4__ the way over the hilly area. When we got to one particularly long, steep hill, Holly began to twitch (抽动) her ears and step in place. So, when she __5__ to sniff (嗅) and give all the __6__ that she believed the “horse eating monsters” were close, I became a little worried.
At the bottom of the hill as we rounded a corner, Holly __7__ with caution, and so I followed her gaze to the path ahead. There, sunning itself in the middle of the track, was a brown __8__. This time it was my __9__ to get scared; I was on a nervous horse, leading a group of eight inexperienced pre teen riders. Unexpectedly, Holly was firmly __10__ , ears forward. With the snake in her sight, she was no longer worried.
I have heard that horses have a better sense of __11__ than dogs. I hadn't seen it __12__ before that moment. __13__， while we waited in reality for just a second or two—but for what felt like a century—the snake awoke and glided calmly off into the bush.
Holly then __14__， leading the horses with caution and care. She had been alert to danger and had been __15__ for the safety of us all. Following in the footsteps of their lead mare, not one of the other horses showed any fear.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。作者五年前在农场作越野骑行领队的时候，最喜欢一匹叫Holly的领头马。Holly什么都好，就是容易“疑神疑鬼、草木皆兵”。有一次外出返回的途中，Holly突然警觉了起来，作者随着Holly的目光望去，前面路上有一条蛇。面对危险，Holly临危不乱，待蛇走后，Holly小心警觉地带着一行人和马走了。
1．A.negative B．graceful
C．pitiful D．aggressive
答案与解析：B　空处与空后的“sweet natured and well trained”(性格温顺且训练有素)并列，因此空处也应是一个褒义词，选项中符合的只有B项graceful“优美的，优雅的”。negative“否定的，消极的”；pitiful“可怜的，令人同情的”；aggressive“好斗的，富于攻击性的”。
2．A.solution B．reaction
C．problem D．difficulty
答案与解析：C　分号前后部分都在讲述Holly，分号前讲到了Holly的各种优点，因此空后讲到的“her vivid imagination”便成了她唯一的问题(problem)。且下文中的“be __3__ by rabbits, the wind or even shadows—sometimes her own shadow”正是对该问题的诠释。solution“解决办法，处理手段”；reaction“反应，回应”。
3．A.frightened B．delighted
C．touched D．attracted
答案与解析：A　根据语境和下文内容可知，Holly唯一的问题是想象力太生动了，以至于会被兔子、风或影子等吓到(frightened)。delight“使高兴，使愉快，使快乐”；attract“吸引，使喜爱，引起……的好感(或爱慕)”。
4．A.chasing B．leading
C．following D．pushing
答案与解析：B　根据上文中的“I was a trail ride leader at a holiday farm”可知，作者是一个领队，因此，此处讲作者和Holly在山区带(leading)路。本题也可以利用词汇复现来进行判断，此处呼应下文中的“leading a group of eight inexperienced pre teen riders”。chase“追赶，追逐，努力获得，追求”。
5．A.proceeded B．preferred
C．hesitated D．refused
答案与解析：A　根据上文中的“Holly began to twitch (抽动) her ears and step in place”可知，Holly在抽动耳朵、原地踏步前进到适当位置后，继续(proceeded)闻气味。hesitate“(对某事)犹豫，迟疑不决”。
6．A.evidence B．truth
C．signals D．symbols
答案与解析：C　上文讲到了Holly进行了一系列反常的举动，紧接着，Holly发出了“the ‘horse eating monsters’ were close”的信号(signals)。evidence“根据，证明，证据”；truth“真相，实情，事实”；symbol“象征，符号”。
7．A.sped B．rushed
C．escaped D．slowed
答案与解析：D　上文讲到了Holly发现了危险，结合空后的“with caution”可知，Holly慢下了(slowed)自己的脚步。speed“快速前行”；rush“迅速移动，急促”；escape“逃跑，逃走，逃避”。
8．A.rabbit B．horse
C．monster D．snake
答案与解析：D　此处考查词汇复现。根据下文中的“With the snake in her sight”可知，在道路中间晒太阳的是一条棕色的蛇(snake)。monster“(传说中的)怪物，怪兽”。
9．A.turn B．case
C．chance D．rule
答案与解析：A　根据上文中的“the ‘horse eating monsters’ were close”和“with caution”可知，Holly之前就感到了害怕，因此，此时当作者看到蛇的时候，轮到(turn)作者感觉害怕了。case“具体情况，事例，实例”；rule“规则，规章，条例”。
10．A.sealed B．planted
C．fastened D．frozen
答案与解析：B　“Unexpectedly”表明Holly的实际表现，和空前讲到的可能害怕形成了对比。结合下文中的“she was no longer worried”可知，Holly选择坚定地站在原地。此处plant作动词，意为“立稳，竖立，安放”，属于熟词生义的用法。seal“封上(信封)；密封(容器)”；fasten“(使)关紧，系牢，扣紧”；freeze“结冰，(使)冻住，冰冻”。
11．A.vision B．direction
C．smell D．hearing
答案与解析：C　根据上文中的“when she __5__ to sniff (嗅)”可知，此处拿狗来和Holly进行对比，说明马比狗的嗅觉(smell)还要灵敏。vision“想象，视力”；direction“方向，方位，动向”。
12．A.proved B．denied
C．ignored D．demonstrated
答案与解析：D　上文讲到了Holly通过闻味确定了前方有蛇，向作者展示了(demonstrated)马的嗅觉非常灵敏，这是作者之前没有见过的。deny“否认，拒绝承认，拒绝给予”；ignore“佯装未见，不予理睬，忽视”；demonstrate“证明，证实，示范，演示”。
13．A.Unfortunately B．Undoubtedly
C．Thankfully D．Instantly
答案与解析：C　结合选项可知，空处考查副词修饰整个句子。根据本句中的“the snake awoke and glided calmly off into the bush”可知，危险解除是值得庆幸的事情。undoubtedly“无疑，肯定”；thankfully“(用以表示高兴)幸亏”；instantly“立刻，马上”。
14．A.fell off B．went back
C．came out D．stepped forward
答案与解析：D　上文讲到了Holly站在了原地，结合空后的“leading the horses with caution and care”可知，Holly小心谨慎地带着其他马向前走(stepped forward)。fall off“脱落，降低，减小”；go back“返回”；come out“上市，结果是，出来”。
15．A.responsible B．regretful
C．grateful D．available
答案与解析：A　根据空后的“Following in the... showed any fear”可知，Holly一直负责着(responsible)我们所有人和马的安全。responsible“负责的，负有责任的”；regretful“后悔的，遗憾的”；grateful“表示感谢的，感激的”；available“可获得的，有空的”。
答题策略
语法填空——定语从句
定语从句题的解题步骤(2)
例题 Everyone has his dreams, but not all these dreams can come true. Those________ dreams become true have at least one thing in common, that is, they always hold on to their dreams.
步骤
① 确定先行词Those 指人，从who/that，whom，whose中选择
② 确定所填词在从句中作定语，修饰dreams，故用whose引导定语从句
答案,whose　先行词Those指人，所填词在从句中作dreams的定语，故用关系代词whose引导定语从句练习1　单句语法填空＋阅读理解
授课提示：对应学生用书1页
　
Ⅰ.单句语法填空(冠词)
1．[2024·江苏连云港联考]It is said that firewalls play ________ critical role in keeping companies and people safe.
答案与解析：a　句意为：据说防火墙在保护公司和人们的安全方面发挥着关键作用。play a(n)...role为固定短语，意为“起……的作用”，且critical的发音以辅音音素开头，故填不定冠词a。
2．[2024·云南昆明统测]A miniature black horse with ________ white nose ran into a room in Nashville's Monroe Carell, Jr. Children's Hospital.
答案与解析：a　句意为：在纳什维尔的小门罗·卡雷尔儿童医院里，一匹长着白鼻子的小黑马跑进了病房。根据常识和设空后的单数可数名词nose可知，此处指一个鼻子，应用不定冠词；且white的发音以辅音音素开头。故填a。
3．[2024·福建泉州质检]That way, children can gain ________ better understanding of their local features and customs during the process of accelerated urbanization that is reshaping the city's landscape.
答案与解析：a　句意为：这样，孩子们就可以在重塑城市景观的加速的城市化进程中更好地了解他们当地的特色和习俗。固定短语have a better understanding of sth.意为“对某物有一个更好的了解”，故填a。
4．Montreal, ________ port city in the province of Quebec, is the second largest city in Canada.
答案与解析：a　蒙特利尔是魁北克省的一个港口城市，是加拿大第二大城市。此处a port city是Montreal的同位语，表泛指，故填a。
5．It means we make sacrifices now, but in ________ long run it'll save us a lot of money.
答案与解析：the　in the long run“从长远来看”，是固定搭配，故填the。
6．Here is ________ very person we are looking for, one with ________ good knowledge of German.
答案与解析：the; a　这正是我们要找的那个人，一个对德语知识掌握得很好的人。person被very和定语从句修饰，故第一空应用定冠词the，表特指；knowledge意为“知识”，一般用作不可数名词，但当指“某一门知识，某一门学问”时，抽象名词具体化，用作可数名词，故第二空用不定冠词a。
7．It is such ________ great pleasure for me to give a speech on the nature of human beings before ________ whole class.
答案与解析：a; the　第一空，pleasure本为不可数名词，此处是抽象名词具体化，表示“令人高兴的一件事”，故用不定冠词表泛指；第二空，whole常与the搭配，故用定冠词。
8．With the popularity of the Internet, the power of newspapers seems to be on ________ decrease.
答案与解析：the　on the increase/decrease是固定搭配，表示“增长/减少”，故用定冠词the。
9．If you want to improve your working efficiency, it will be ________ necessity for you to make ________ most of your time.
答案与解析：a; the　第一空，此处表示“一种必需品”，因此necessity前加a；第二空，make the most of表示“充分利用”，为固定搭配。
10．________ cake you bought smells sweet, but I don't want to have a bite of it for ________ time being.
答案与解析：The; the　你买的蛋糕闻起来很香，但我暂时不想吃。第一空，cake被定语从句you bought所修饰，因此其前加定冠词the表特指。第二空，for the time being“暂时”，为固定用法。
Ⅱ.阅读理解
A
2024·新课标Ⅰ卷，A 应用文 206词 ★★☆☆☆
HABITAT RESTORATION TEAM
Help restore and protect Marin's natural areas from the Marin Headlands to Bolinas Ridge. We'll explore beautiful park sites while conducting invasive (侵入的) plant removal, winter planting, and seed collection. Habitat Restoration Team volunteers play a vital role in restoring sensitive resources and protecting endangered species across the ridges and valleys.
GROUPS
Groups of five or more require special arrangements and must be confirmed in advance. Please review the List of Available Projects and fill out the Group Project Request Form.
AGE, SKILLS, WHAT TO BRING
Volunteers aged 10 and over are welcome. Read our Youth Policy Guidelines for youth under the age of 15.
Bring your completed Volunteer Agreement Form. Volunteers under the age of 18 must have the parent/guardian approval section signed.
We'll be working rain or shine. Wear clothes that can get dirty. Bring layers for changing weather and a raincoat if necessary.
Bring a personal water bottle, sunscreen, and lunch.
No experience necessary. Training and tools will be provided. Fulfills (满足) community service requirements.
UPCOMING EVENTS
Time Meeting Location
Sunday, Jan. 15　10：00 am—1：00 pm Battery Alexander Trailhead
Sunday, Jan. 22　10：00 am—2：30 pm Stinson Beach Parking Lot
Sunday, Jan. 29　9：30 am—2：30 pm Coyote Ridge Trailhead
　　语篇类型：应用文　主题语境：人与社会——公益事业与志愿服务——生物栖息地修复工作队志愿者招募
【语篇解读】　本文主要介绍了Habitat Restoration Team这一组织，以及其开展的一系列活动。
1．What is the aim of the Habitat Restoration Team
A.To discover mineral resources.
B.To develop new wildlife parks.
C.To protect the local ecosystem.
D.To conduct biological research.
答案与解析：C　理解具体信息。根据第一段中的“Help restore and protect Marin's natural areas”和“Habitat Restoration Team volunteers play a vital role in restoring sensitive resources and protecting endangered species”可知，生物栖息地修复工作队恢复和保护自然区域，在恢复敏感资源和保护濒危物种方面起到极其重要的作用。由此可见，生物栖息地修复工作队的目标是保护当地的生态系统，故选C。
2．What is the lower age limit for joining the Habitat Restoration Team
A．5. B．10.
C.15. D．18.
答案与解析：B　理解具体信息。根据AGE, SKILLS, WHAT TO BRING部分中的“Volunteers aged 10 and over are welcome”可知，加入生物栖息地修复工作队的最低年龄是10岁，故选B。
3．What are the volunteers expected to do
A.Bring their own tools.
B.Work even in bad weather.
C.Wear a team uniform.
D.Do at least three projects.
答案与解析：B　理解具体信息。根据AGE, SKILLS, WHAT TO BRING部分中的“We'll be working rain or shine... Bring layers for changing weather and a raincoat if necessary”可知，无论天气好坏，志愿者都会工作。由此可见，志愿者甚至会在恶劣天气下工作，故选B。
B
2024·九省联考 说明文 320词 ★★☆☆☆
Parrots are prey animals, which means that other predators (捕食者) in the wild, such as hawks or snakes, are looking to make them into a meal. This one factor influences parrots' behavior in your house more than any other.
Parrots are most easily hurt when feeding on the ground. Membership in a group plays an important function in ensuring their safety and improving their chances of survival from attacks by predators. The most common predators of parrots include hawks, snakes, cats, monkeys, and bats. Some predators make attacks only during the day while others hunt in the night.
As prey animals, parrots are constantly watching out for danger and they instinctively (本能地) react to risks. Their first choice is to take flight. However, if this is not possible, they will fight with their powerful beaks to defend themselves.
Because their biggest enemy is the hawk, parrots are especially reactive to quick movements from above and behind. For this reason, it is wise to avoid quick, sudden movements near your bird. This is a built in reaction not subject to logic or reason. Simple and relatively harmless household objects can draw extreme fear responses from a bird. For example, a balloon may represent a hawk or a vacuum hose (吸尘器软管)may be the same as a snake in your bird's mind.
As prey animals, parrots are often frightened by exposure to new household items or strangers. It is important to expose your bird to safe experiences and changes starting at a very young age to build flexibility and improve their adaptability. Variety in diet and toys, travel, and exposure to new people and places all help to make your bird more flexible and adaptable to change.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了鹦鹉作为被捕食动物的行为特性和生存策略。
4．What is important for parrots to better survive from attacks in the wild
A．Living in a group.
B．Growing beautiful feathers.
C．Feeding on the ground.
D．Avoiding coming out at night.
答案与解析：A　细节理解题。根据第二段“Membership in a group plays an important function in ensuring their safety and improving their chances of survival from attacks by predators.(群体中的成员在确保其安全和提高其从捕食者袭击中幸存下来的机会方面起着重要作用。)”可知，鹦鹉要想更好地在野外躲避攻击，重要的是要进行集体生活，故选A项。
5．What is parrots' first response to an immediate risk
A．To attack back. B．To get away.
C．To protect the young. D．To play dead.
答案与解析：B　细节理解题。根据第三段“As prey animals, parrots are constantly watching out for danger and they instinctively (本能地) react to risks. Their first choice is to take flight.(作为猎物，鹦鹉会时刻警惕危险，并本能地对风险做出反应。它们的第一反应是飞走。)”可知，鹦鹉对直接风险的第一反应是逃跑，故选B项。
6．Why would a balloon frighten a parrot
A．It may explode suddenly.
B．It may be in a strange shape.
C．It may have a strong color.
D．It may move around quickly.
答案与解析：D　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Because their biggest enemy is the hawk, parrots are especially reactive to quick movements from above and behind.(因为它们最大的敌人是鹰，鹦鹉对来自上方和后方的快速移动特别敏感。)” 和下文“This is a built in reaction not subject to logic or reason.Simple and relatively harmless household objects can draw extreme fear responses from a bird. For example, a balloon may represent a hawk or a vacuum hose (吸尘器软管) may be the same as a snake in your bird's mind.(这是一种不受逻辑或理性约束的内在反应。简单且相对无害的家居用品会引起鸟类的极度恐惧反应。例如，在你的鸟心目中，气球可能代表鹰，或者吸尘器软管可能被视为蛇。)”可知，气球能够吓到鹦鹉是因为气球可能移动速度快，让鹦鹉联想到鹰，故选D项。
7．What is the author's purpose of writing the text
A．To explain wild parrots' behavior.
B．To give advice on raising a parrot.
C．To call for action to protect animals.
D．To introduce a study on bird ecology.
答案与解析：B　推理判断题。根据第一段“Parrots are prey animals, which means that other predators (捕食者) in the wild, such as hawks or snakes, are looking to make them into a meal. This one factor influences parrots' behavior in your house more than any other.(鹦鹉是猎物，这意味着在野外的其他捕食者，如鹰或蛇，正在寻找将它们作为食物。这一个因素比任何其他因素都更能影响鹦鹉在家里的行为。)”、倒数第二段“Simple and relatively harmless household objects can draw extreme fear responses from a bird. For example, a balloon may represent a hawk or a vacuum hose (吸尘器软管) may be the same as a snake in your bird's mind.(简单且相对无害的家居用品会引起鸟类的极度恐惧反应。例如，在你的鸟心目中，气球可能代表鹰，或者吸尘器软管可能被视为蛇。)”以及最后一段“As prey animals, parrots are often frightened by exposure to new household items or strangers. It is important to expose your bird to safe experiences and changes starting at a very young age to build flexibility and improve their adaptability. Variety in diet and toys, travel, and exposure to new people and places all help to make your bird more flexible and adaptable to change.(作为猎物，鹦鹉经常被新的家庭用品或陌生人吓到。从很小的时候就开始让你的鸟接触安全的体验和变化，以构建灵活应对性并提高它们的适应性，这一点很重要。饮食和玩具的多样性、旅行以及接触新的人和地方都有助于让你的鸟更灵活，更适应变化。)”可知，本文的写作目的是对饲养鹦鹉提建议，故选B项。
黄金考点
语法填空——冠词
考点1 冠词表示特指
考例 Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over ________ past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent.
点拨 over the past 25 years在此处表示特指“在过去的25年里”，表示特指用定冠词the。
考点2 冠词表示泛指
考例 Instead, she is earning ￡6，500 a day as ________ model in New York.
点拨 表示职业的单数可数名词前通常加不定冠词。此处表示一个泛指的“模特”，故用不定冠词a。练习24　语法填空＋阅读理解＋应用文写作
授课提示：对应学生用书59页
　
Ⅰ.语法填空
2023·全国乙卷 说明文 190词 ★★☆☆☆
Beijing is a city bridging the ancient and the modern. From Buddhist temples to museums, narrow hutong 1.________ royal palaces, it is home to more than 3，000 years of glorious history even down to its layout, with the city keeping its carefully 2.________ (build) system of ring roads.
But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place 3.________ welcomes the fast paced development of modern life, with 21st century architectural 4.________ (wonder) standing side by side with historical buildings of the past.
It is a distinct visual contrast (反差) that shouldn't work, 5.________ somehow these two very different worlds make a good combination. 6.________ (visit) several times over the last 10 years, I 7.________ (amaze) by the co existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing. As a photographer, I have spent the last two years 8.__________ (record) everything I discovered.
The 9.________ (remark) development of this city, which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world, 10.________ (mean) there is always something new to discover here, and I could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了北京这座城市的古老建筑和现代化发展之间的独特结合，同时探讨了城市如何在不断发展的同时保护其丰富的遗产。作者作为一名摄影师，记录了这座城市的变化，并表示将来还会继续拍摄北京的风貌。
1．答案与解析：to　考查介词。句意：从佛教寺庙到博物馆，从狭窄的胡同到皇家宫殿，它拥有3000多年的辉煌历史，甚至从它的布局来看，这座城市一直保持着精心建造的环城道路系统。根据上文的“From Buddhist temples to museums”可知，空处和上文保持一致，表示“从……到……”，用介词to。故填to。
2．答案与解析：built　考查非谓语动词。句意：从佛教寺庙到博物馆，狭窄的胡同和皇家宫殿，它是3000多年辉煌历史的家园，即使是在它的布局上，这座城市也保持着精心建造的环城公路系统。这里为非谓语动词担当定语，表示“精心建造的……”，和被修饰词“system of ring roads”之间为被动关系，用过去分词。故填built。
3．答案与解析：which/that　考查定语从句。句意：但是，除了古建筑，北京也是一个欢迎现代生活快节奏发展的地方，21世纪的建筑奇迹与过去的历史建筑并存。这里为定语从句的关系代词，先行词为“a place”，在定语从句中担当主语，所以用关系代词which或that引导。故填which/that。
4．答案与解析：wonders　考查名词。句意：但是，除了古建筑，北京也是一个欢迎现代生活快节奏发展的地方，21世纪的建筑奇迹与过去的历史建筑并存。分析句子成分可知，空处为名词形式；根据下文的“historical buildings of the past”可知，空处为名词的复数形式。故填wonders。
5．答案与解析：but　考查连词。句意：但不知何故，这两个截然不同的世界却很好地结合在了一起。空前“It is a distinct visual contrast (反差) that shouldn't work，”和空后“somehow these two very different worlds make a good combination.”之间存在转折关系，用but。故填but。
6．答案与解析：Having visited　考查非谓语动词。句意：在过去的10年里，我多次访问北京，我惊讶于这里的新旧共存，惊讶于一个城市如何在不断发展的同时保持如此丰富的文化遗产。这里为非谓语动词担当状语，和主句主语“I”之间为主动关系；根据时间状语“over the last 10 years”可知，用完成时态，由此推断，空处用现在分词的完成时态。置于句首，首字母大写。故填Having visited。
7．答案与解析：am amazed　考查时态和语态。句意：在过去的10年里，我来过几次，我惊叹于新与旧的共存，以及一个城市如何能够在不断发展的同时保持如此丰富的遗产。此处陈述客观情况，应用一般现在时；I和amaze之间是被动关系，应用被动语态。故填am amazed。
8．答案与解析：recording　考查非谓语动词。句意：作为一名摄影师，我花了两年时间记录我发现的一切。spend time (in) doing sth.花费时间做某事。这里为非谓语动词担当宾语，用动名词形式。故填recording。
9．答案与解析：remarkable　考查形容词。句意：这个城市的显著发展，是有意识地在保护过去的同时步入现代世界，这意味着这里总是有新的东西等待被发现，我可以在接下来的50年里一直拍摄北京。分析句子成分可知，空处为形容词修饰名词“development of this city”。故填remarkable。
10．答案与解析：means　考查时态。句意：这座城市的显著发展，在有意识地保护过去的同时步入现代世界，意味着这里总是有新的东西等待被发现，我可以在接下来的50年里一直拍摄北京。这里为本句谓语动词，根据上下文可知，本句时态为一般现在时；主语为“development”，单数，所以谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填means。
Ⅱ.阅读理解
A
2024·福州市高三质检 应用文 313词 ★★☆☆☆
WALKIE TALKIE TOWER CLIMB
Dare to take the stairs for a run challenge! Sign up and climb up London's Walkie Talkie building on 4 March 2023. Run or walk up the Walkie Talkie building, and raise money to help seriously ill children at Great Ormond Street Hospital. Climb over 35 floors and 896 steps before being rewarded with a celebratory drink.
gosh. org/get involved/fundraising events
RACE TO REMEMBER
Why not take on Race to Remember Join Team Combat Stress on 11 November 2023, and help raise funds for veterans (老兵). Choose from a 76km or a 36km walk or run. All races finish at the HMS Victory in Portsmouth. The registration fee is ￡75 (76km event) or ￡40 (36km event).
batstress. org.uk
TIME TO RUN
Run for research and take on 50 miles in 50 days! Take on this virtual run anywhere, anytime, between 1 March and 19 April. We're investing in pioneering projects that could slow, stop or change Parkinson's completely. And we aim to deliver the next new treatment in years. By taking part in Time to Run, you're funding Parkinson's UK research. Your fundraising will help us fast track the most promising treatments. Sign up today for just ￡5.
events. parkinsons. org.uk
LONDON MARATHON
Get your running shoes on and join Depaul UK for the 2023 TCS London Marathon. We'll cheer you on as you help raise vital funds for young people affected by homelessness. Starting in Greenwich Park, you'll run over Tower Bridge towards a memorable finish on The Mall. Join us at the start line and show your support for young people. To secure your place, sign up today.
kurt. sullivan. depaulcharity. org.uk
【语篇解读】　本文主要介绍了四个旨在做慈善筹款的公益活动。
1．Which website would you visit if you want to climb stairs
A．batstress.org.uk
B．events.parkinsons.org.uk
C．kurt.sullivan.depaulcharity.org.uk
D．gosh.org/get involved/fundraising events
答案与解析：D　理解具体信息。根据WALKIE TALKIE TOWER CLIMB部分的“Sign up and climb up London's Walkie Talkie building”可知，如果想要爬台阶的话，可以参加WALKIE TALKIE TOWER CLIMB活动，其网址为gosh.org/get involved/fundraising events，故D项正确。
2．Who will benefit from TIME TO RUN
A．Sick children.
B．Veterans.
C．The homeless.
D．The Parkinson's patients.
答案与解析：D　理解具体信息。根据TIME TO RUN部分的“By taking part in Time to Run, you're funding Parkinson's UK research...track the most promising treatments”可知，参加Time to Run是资助英国帕金森综合征研究的，据此可知，其受益人群为帕金森综合征病人，故D项正确。
3．What are these activities aimed for
A．Fun. B．Health.
C．Charity. D．Workout.
答案与解析：C　理解具体信息。根据WALKIE TALKIE TOWER CLIMB部分的“raise money to help seriously ill children”，RACE TO REMEMBER部分的“raise funds for veterans (老兵)”， TIME TO RUN部分的“you're funding Parkinson's UK research”和LONDON MARATHON部分的“help raise vital funds for young people affected by homelessness”可知，本文提到的全部活动的目的都是慈善筹款，故C项正确。
B
2024·昆明市高三质检 记叙文 299词 ★★☆☆☆
A dad says he's built a special bond with his two year old daughter after running a series of long distance races with her strapped (用带子系好) to his back.
Chris Greenbank, 36, a stonemason (石匠) from Stockport, Greater Manchester, even managed to complete a half marathon carrying the youngster in a special hiking carrier.
The single father, who has suffered from anxiety in the past, has been raising money for mental health support group Project 23. The group, which helps people with anxiety and mental health problems, was set up by Chris's friend Mark Sproston.
Chris's latest race, Run North West's festive 10k in Cheshire, was his fourth race and he says, possibly their last, as the kid may be too heavy in spring. Besides, Chris had been a little worried if the weather would be too chilly for his daughter. “No matter how difficult it is, I want to get us both a festive New Year medal before it gets too cold，” He added. “We have four medals now and we have run 51km in total. ”
In October Chris took just under three hours to complete the Manchester Half with his daughter on his back. The dad says his little girl rested her hands on his shoulder and kept them there for the whole duration of the run. He said, “Our bond isn't something you can even put into words. My heart is full.”
Chris, who says exercise is an important part of positive mental health, believes there should be no reason why people can't exercise because they have kids.
The pair also ran the Wilmslow Festive 10k in July this year and Chester Zoo 10k in October. Chris speaks of his daughter, “She loves it, and they are like mini adventures.”
【语篇解读】　本文主要讲述了一位曾患有焦虑症的单身父亲Chris背着女儿参加马拉松比赛的故事，他与女儿之间建立起一种特殊的感情纽带。
4．What do we know about Project 23
A．It was founded by Chris Greenbank.
B．It has organized 4 marathon events.
C．It helps people with psychological problems.
D．It offers medical care to the disabled.
答案与解析：C　理解具体信息。明题意：本题问“关于Project 23我们知道些什么？”→寻线索：根据第三段中的“The group, which helps people with anxiety and mental health problems, was set up by Chris's friend Mark Sproston”可知，这个团体是帮助焦虑和心理健康问题患者的一个团体→定答案：C项“它帮助有心理问题的人”，故C项正确。
5．Why did Chris run the marathon in Cheshire with his daughter
A．To show the public his running skills.
B．To win a medal for their New Year.
C．To raise money for his serious illness.
D．To develop his habit of doing sports.
答案与解析：B　理解具体信息。根据第四段中的“No matter how difficult it is, I want to get us both a festive New Year medal before it gets too cold”可知，他希望在天变得太冷前拿到一枚新年奖牌。故B项正确。
6．Which of the following words can best describe Chris
A．Caring and loving.
B．Frank and demanding.
C．Ambitious and particular.
D．Generous and outgoing.
答案与解析：A　推断。根据第三段中的“The single father, who has suffered from anxiety in the past, has been raising money for mental health support group Project 23”和第四段中的“Besides, Chris had been a little worried if the weather would be too chilly for his daughter. ‘No matter how difficult it is, I want to get us both a festive New Year medal before it gets too cold’”可知，曾患焦虑症的Chris帮助Project 23筹款，且担心天太冷冻着女儿，计划在天太冷前不管多难也要拿到新年奖牌。由此可知，Chris关心他人，且深爱着自己的女儿。故A项正确。
7．What is the purpose of writing the text
A．To introduce ways to relieve anxiety.
B．To show training methods of running.
C．To involve readers in charity activities.
D．To share a story of a father and a daughter.
答案与解析：D　推断。根据第一段中的“A dad says he's built a special bond with his two year old daughter after running a series of long distance races with her strapped (用带子系好) to his back”以及下文中讲述的Chris背着女儿参加一系列比赛的情况可知，作者写本文的目的是分享一对父女的故事。故D项正确。
Ⅲ.应用文写作
[2024·湖北重点中学联考]中国古典诗词是中华民族的文化瑰宝，为鼓励同学们讲好中国故事，你校正在组织英语作文比赛。请以“我最喜欢的诗人”为题，写一篇短文参赛，内容包括：
1．该人物及其主要贡献简介；
2．该人物对你的影响。
注意：1.词数80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
My favourite poet
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
One possible version：
My favourite poet
Many Chinese poets of the Tang dynasty have displayed their extraordinary talents and unique intelligence in Tang poetry. Among all these poets, Li Bai has always held a special place in my heart.
As a poet, Li Bai's major contribution lies in the exquisite craftsmanship of his poems, which effortlessly blend vivid landscapes with deep philosophical musings. Besides, his ability to capture the beauty of nature and the human experience resonates deeply with readers worldwide. His timeless verses of profound imagery and emotion have left a long lasting mark on literature.
In essence, Li Bai's poetry serves as a timeless reminder, continuing to inspire generations of readers, including myself. His poems have taught me to appreciate the fleeting moments of beauty, explore my own creativity, and express my feelings through writing.练习39　语法填空＋阅读理解
授课提示：对应学生用书97页
　
Ⅰ.语法填空
2024·浙江四校联考 新闻报道 220词 ★★★☆☆
The Space Time Painter, written by Chinese writer Hai Ya, won the Hugo Award for Best Novelette at the 81st World Science Fiction Convention 1.________ (hold) in the southwestern Chinese city of Chengdu.
Hai became the third Chinese 2.________ (win) of the Hugo Award, following sci fi writers Liu Cixin and Hao Jingfang. The Space Time Painter was published in 2022. It 3.________ (inspire) by the life experience of the 4.________ (talent) Chinese painter Wang Ximeng during the Northern Song period (960～1127), who created the 12 meter long landscape painting One Thousand Li of Rivers and Mountains.
In this story, Hai did his best 5.________ (balance) the relationship between the story，characters and history, hoping to bring readers a mature work. He said that 6.________ not a big category, historical sci fi has always been there.
Hai, also 7.________ financial worker, thinks of himself more 8.________ a sci fi enthusiast than a writer. “I have very little time to write every day，” he said. “But I think as long as I love it and am willing to put efforts in it, I will see hopes and the dawn.”
The Hugo Awards are the most prestigious (有声望的) awards of science fiction. They were first presented in 1953 and have been presented 9.________ (annual) since 1955. The Hugo Awards are voted on by members of the World Science Fiction Convention, 10.________ is also responsible for administering them.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇新闻报道。由中国作家海漄创作的《时空画师》获得了雨果奖最佳短中篇小说奖。它的灵感来自中国天才画家王希孟在北宋时期的生活经历。在这个故事中，海漄尽最大努力平衡故事、人物和历史之间的关系，希望能给读者带来一部成熟的作品。
1．答案与解析：held　分析句子结构可知，空处作非谓语。hold与空前名词短语“the 81st World Science Fiction Convention”是逻辑上的动宾关系，用过去分词作后置定语。故填held。句意：这部由中国作家海漄创作的《时空画师》，在由中国西南部城市成都举行的第81届世界科幻大会(世界大会)上获得了雨果奖最佳短中篇小说奖。
2．答案与解析：winner　根据空前的“the third Chinese”和语境可知，空处应填名词winner。句意：继科幻作家刘慈欣和郝景芳之后，海漄成为第三位获得雨果奖的中国人。
3．答案与解析：was inspired　分析句子结构可知，空处作谓语。根据前文讲的这本书出版于2022年可知，此处时态用一般过去时。It与inspire之间是被动关系，主语是第三人称单数。故填was inspired。句意：它的灵感来自中国天才画家王希孟在北宋时期(960～1127)的生活经历，他创作了12米长的山水画《千里江山图》。
4．答案与解析：talented　空前是定冠词the，空后核心词是名词，空处应用形容词。故填talented“有天赋的，天才的”。
5．答案与解析：to balance　此处考查固定短语try one's best to do sth.“尽某人最大努力去做某事”。故填to balance。
6．答案与解析：although/though/while　分析句子结构可知，that后是宾语从句。再结合语境“虽然不是一个大的类别，但历史科幻小说一直在那里”可知，前后语义间存在明显的让步关系，故填although/though/while。此处让步状语从句中省略了主语和be动词，补充完整为“although/though/while historical sci fi is not a big category”。
7．答案与解析：a　海漄也是一名金融工作者，他认为自己更是一名科幻爱好者而不是作家。根据句意，此处表示“一名金融工作者”，此处表示泛指，应用不定冠词，且financial的发音以辅音音素开头，故填a。
8．答案与解析：as　参见上题解析。think of oneself as...为固定搭配，表示“认为自己是……”。故填as。
9．答案与解析：annually　分析句子结构可知，空前是动词，应用副词修饰。故填annually。
10．答案与解析：which　分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，从句中缺主语，先行词是表示物的the World Science Fiction Convention。故填which。
Ⅱ.阅读理解
A
2023·全国乙卷 议论文 325词 ★★★★☆
If you want to tell the history of the whole world, a history that does not privilege one part of humanity, you cannot do it through texts alone, because only some of the world has ever had texts, while most of the world, for most of the time, has not. Writing is one of humanity's later achievements, and until fairly recently even many literate (有文字的) societies recorded their concerns not only in writing but in things.
Ideally a history would bring together texts and objects, and some chapters of this book are able to do just that, but in many cases we simply can't. The clearest example of this between literate and non literate history is perhaps the first conflict, at Botany Bay, between Captain Cook's voyage and the Australian Aboriginals. From the English side, we have scientific reports and the captain's record of that terrible day. From the Australian side, we have only a wooden shield (盾) dropped by a man in flight after his first experience of gunshot. If we want to reconstruct what was actually going on that day, the shield must be questioned and interpreted as deeply and strictly as the written reports.
In addition to the problem of miscomprehension from both sides, there are victories accidentally or deliberately twisted, especially when only the victors know how to write. Those who are on the losing side often have only their things to tell their stories. The Caribbean Taino, the Australian Aboriginals, the African people of Benin and the Incas, all of whom appear in this book, can speak to us now of their past achievements most powerfully through the objects they made: a history told through things gives them back a voice. When we consider contact (联系) between literate and non literate societies such as these, all our first hand accounts are necessarily twisted, only one half of a dialogue. If we are to find the other half of that conversation,__we have to read not just the texts, but the objects.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇议论文。本文讨论了仅仅依靠书面文本来讲述世界历史的局限性，并强调了将物品纳入历史叙事以更好地理解无文字社会的重要性。
1．What is the first paragraph mainly about
A．How past events should be presented.
B．What humanity is concerned about.
C．Whether facts speak louder than words.
D．Why written language is reliable.
答案与解析：A　主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“If you want to tell the history of the whole world, a history that does not privilege one part of humanity, you cannot do it through texts alone, because only some of the world has ever had texts, while most of the world, for most of the time, has not. Writing is one of humanity's later achievements, and until fairly recently even many literate (有文字的) societies recorded their concerns not only in writing but in things. (如果你想讲述整个世界的历史，一段不以人类某一部分为特权的历史，你不能仅仅通过文本来讲述，因为世界上只有一部分人的历史曾经被文学记录过，而世界上大多数人，在大多数时间里，都没有。写作是人类较晚的成就之一，直到最近，甚至许多有文字的社会也不仅用文字，而且用物件来记录他们所关心的事情。)”可推知，第一段主要讲述的是历史应该如何呈现给我们。故选A。
2．What does the author indicate by mentioning Captain Cook in Paragraph 2
A．His report was scientific.
B．He represented the local people.
C．He ruled over Botany Bay.
D．His record was one sided.
答案与解析：D　推理判断题。根据文章第二段首句“Ideally a history would bring together texts and objects, and some chapters of this book are able to do just that, but in many cases we simply can't. (理想情况下，历史应该将文本和物品结合在一起，本书的某些章节能够做到这一点，但在许多情况下，我们根本做不到。)”可推断，作者认为历史应该是文本和物品相结合的产物，但是很多情况下，我们做不到。再根据所举例子的下文“From the English side, we have scientific reports and the captain's record of that terrible day. From the Australian side, we have only a wooden shield (盾) dropped by a man in flight after his first experience of gunshot. (从英国方面来看，我们有科学报告和船长对那可怕的一天的记录。从澳大利亚方面来看，我们只有一个木制盾牌，这是一名男子在第一次经历枪击后在飞行中扔下的。)”可知，作者举这个例子是为了说明船长的记录是片面的，只从自己的角度描述了问题。故选D。
3．What does the underlined word “conversation” in Paragraph 3 refer to
A．Problem. B．History.
C．Voice. D．Society.
答案与解析：B　词句猜测题。根据划线单词上文“The Caribbean Taino, the Australian Aboriginals, the African people of Benin and the Incas, all of whom appear in this book, can speak to us now of their past achievements most powerfully through the objects they made: a history told through things gives them back a voice. When we consider contact (联系) between literate and non literate societies such as these, all our first hand accounts are necessarily twisted, only one half of a dialogue. (加勒比海的泰诺人、澳大利亚的土著人、贝宁的非洲人以及印加人，所有这些人都出现在这本书中，他们现在都可以通过他们制造的物品向我们讲述他们过去最强大的成就：通过物品讲述的历史给了他们一个话语权。当我们考虑诸如此类的有文化社会和无文化社会之间的接触时，我们所有的第一手资料都必然是扭曲的，只有对话的一半。)”结合画线句“If we are to find the other half of that conversation, we have to read not just the texts, but the objects. (如果我们要找到对话的另一半，我们不仅要读文本，还要读物体。)”可知，我们对过去历史的了解，只是书写历史的人所想要让我们了解的历史，如果我们想要了解历史的另一半，我们不仅仅要读文本也要读物品。所以conversation指的是“历史”。故选B。
4．Which of the following books is the text most likely selected from
A．How Maps Tell Stories of the World
B．A Short History of Australia
C．A History of the World in 100 Objects
D．How Art Works Tell Stories
答案与解析：C　推理判断题。根据文章第一段“If you want to tell the history of the whole world, a history that does not privilege one part of humanity, you cannot do it through texts alone, because only some of the world has ever had texts, while most of the world, for most of the time, has not.(如果你想讲述整个世界的历史，一段不以人类某一部分为特权的历史，你不能仅仅通过文本来讲述，因为世界上只有一部分人的历史曾经被文字记录过，而世界上大多数人，在大多数时间里，都没有。)”结合最后一段的“If we are to find the other half of that conversation, we have to read not just the texts, but the objects. (如果我们要找到对话的另一半，我们不仅要读文本，还要读物体。)”可知，本文讲述仅仅依靠书面文本来讲述世界历史有局限性，想要更好的了解历史就要将文本和物品结合在一起。从而推断文章最有可能选自《100件物品中的世界史》。故选C。
B
2024·湖北七校联考 议论文 325词 ★★★☆☆
Standing in my office 25 years ago was an unknown, newly rising astronomer with a half smile on her face. She had come with a demand that my team change our tested software to make one of our most important and in demand scientific instruments do something it had never been designed for, and risk breaking it down. All to carry out an experiment that was basically a waste of time and couldn't be done—to prove that a massive black hole hid at the center of our Milky Way.
My initial “no way” gradually gave way in the face of her cheerful but firm determination. It was my first encounter with a force of nature, Andrea Ghez, one of three winners of the Nobel Prize for Physics in 2020. That determination and the willingness to take calculated risks has always characterized Andrea. For 25 years she has focused almost only on Sagittarius A—the name of our own local super massive black hole. And Andrea is one of the great pioneers in this search without question.
Andrea did her work at the W．M. Keck Observatory's twin telescopes on Maunakea, Hawaii. She started using the very first instrument licensed on Keck Observatory's Near Infrared Camera (NIRC). NIRC was never designed to do what Andrea needed but she was not to be denied. And it worked! It was extremely hard and time consuming to make sense of the data, but Andrea persisted.
As Andrea would be the very first to acknowledge, this victory represents the combined efforts of so many. But actually one person had the idea for the research. One person had the chutzpah (无所顾忌) to propose it and one person had the determination and focus to make it happen, not discouraged by all who said it was a waste of time. That person is Andrea Ghez, winner of the 2020 Nobel Prize for Physics.
5．What did the author think of Andrea Ghez's request at first
A．It's demanding. B．It's interesting.
C．It's acceptable. D．It's meaningless.
答案与解析：D　根据第一段最后两句可推知，作者一开始认为Andrea Ghez的要求是毫无意义的，是浪费时间的。
6．What do we learn about Andrea Ghez's research from Paragraph 2
A．It takes decades of efforts.
B．It deals with power of nature.
C．It's a purely individual project.
D．It's about measurement of a hole.
答案与解析：A　根据第二段中“For 25 years she has focused almost only on Sagittarius A—the name of our own local super massive black hole.”可知，Andrea Ghez的研究花费了几十年的努力。
7．Which of the following best describes Andrea Ghez's work in Hawaii
A．Dangerous. B．Pleasant.
C．Challenging. D．Fruitless.
答案与解析：C　根据第三段中“It was extremely hard and time consuming to make sense of the data...”可知，Andrea Ghez的研究工作是非常有挑战性的。
8．What do we learn from Andrea Ghez's success
A．It is rewarding to cooperate.
B．The old methods still work today.
C．It pays to put theory into practice.
D．Persistence leads to success.
答案与解析：D　通读全文可知，Andrea的成功在于她的坚持，坚持自己的想法，专注于实现自己的目标，而不受别人看法的影响。
答题策略
语法填空——名词
名词题的解题步骤
例题 Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires, Asia's biggest building, and fancy new hotels. But for tourists like me, pandas are its top________ (attract).
步骤
① 根据空白处所填词在句中的成分或作定语的限定词判断是否该填名词(多考查名词在句中作主语、宾语、表语，名词还可以作同位语、宾语补足语和状语)
② 结合句意确定选择何种名词形式
③ 确定名词的数
答案,attraction　所填词在句中作表语，并且有物主代词its修饰，故应用其名词形式。结合句意，应填attraction练习22　语法填空＋阅读理解
授课提示：对应学生用书54页
　
Ⅰ.语法填空
2024·湖北中学联考 说明文 191词 ★★★☆☆
Gather together a couple of good friends and take a leisurely walk through the streets—this is 1.________ many youngsters in China enjoy doing when they visit a new city.
To them, Citywalk means roaming (漫步) around the city on foot. It can be a special 2.________ (guide) trip for a small group of people, 3.________ simply a leisurely walk for one or two to explore new areas, sticking to the key point: avoiding famous scenic spots and big crowds to gain 4.________ more inclusive experience of the places they visit.
Citywalk not only offers a way for young people to interact with a city but also 5.________ (provide) them with a new social scene. Xiao Yiyi, a Citywalk 6.________ (enthusiastic), launched her Changsha route on her social media account, including more offbeat sights like historical sites and even a stop off 7.________ (sample) the local cuisine. Many tour guides also try to expand their influence online, 8.________ (share) their experiences to attract potential customers.
Citywalk is offering a positive change to urban travelers as they can 9.________ (well) choose the experiences that fit in with their interests and needs. At the same time, Citywalk represents an opportunity for tour guides and travel service providers to offer a more tailored, 10.________ (profession) service to meet ever changing market demands.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。一股“城市漫步”(Citywalk)热潮席卷全国，成为年轻人的旅游新宠。它为城市旅行者提供了一个积极的改变，同时为导游和旅游服务提供商提供了一个机会。
1．答案与解析：what　分析句子结构可知，空处引导表语从句。从句中doing后缺少宾语，且表示事物，故填what。句意：和几个好朋友聚在一起，悠闲地在街上漫步——这是许多中国年轻人在参观新城市时喜欢做的事情。
2．答案与解析：guided　空处作定语修饰空后名词trip，且表“有向导的，有导游的”，故填形容词guided。
3．答案与解析：or　语境：对他们来说，Citywalk意味着在一个城市里漫步。它可以是一小群人的特殊导览之旅，也可以仅仅是一两个人悠闲地散步以探索新的地区。根据语境可知，上下文是选择关系，故用or来连接。
4．答案与解析：a　根据空前为动词和空后为名词短语可知，此处应填冠词，且此处表泛指，故填a。语境：避开著名景点和人群，以获得更具包容性的游览体验。
5．答案与解析：provides　本句用not only...but also...来连接，所连接的部分词性一致，故本空应该与offers的时态一致，用一般现在时；主语与provide为主动关系，且主语为第三人称单数，故填provides。句意：Citywalk不仅为年轻人提供了一种与城市互动的方式，还为他们提供了一个新的社交场景。
6．答案与解析：enthusiast　本句的主语Xiao Yiyi是一个人名，故此处表示她是一个城市漫步的热衷者，故填enthusiast。
7．答案与解析：to sample　句意：城市漫步爱好者肖依依在她的社交媒体账号上推出了她的长沙路线，其中包括更多另类景点，如历史遗迹，甚至还有一个品尝当地美食的站点。本空用不定式结构作目的状语。sample在此作动词，意为“品尝”，属于熟词生义的用法。
8．答案与解析：sharing　分析句子结构可知，空处在句中作非谓语。share与逻辑主语Many tour guides之间是主谓关系，故填sharing。句意：许多导游也尽力在网上扩大影响力，分享他们的经验以吸引潜在客户。
9．答案与解析：better　句意：Citywalk为城市旅行者提供了一个积极的改变，因为他们可以更好地选择符合自己爱好和需求的体验。根据句意可知，本空填well的比较级better“更好地”。
10．答案与解析：professional　空处修饰名词service，应用形容词professional“专业的”。句意：同时，Citywalk为导游和旅游服务提供商提供了一个机会，可以提供更量身订制的专业服务，以满足不断变化的市场需求。
Ⅱ.阅读理解
A
2024·新课标Ⅱ卷，D 书评 318词 ★★★☆☆
Given the astonishing potential of AI to transform our lives, we all need to take action to deal with our AI powered future, and this is where AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence comes in. This absorbing new book by Catriona Campbell is a practical roadmap addressing the challenges posed by the forthcoming AI revolution (变革).
In__the__wrong__hands,__such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code (代码) that powers AI but, thankfully, Campbell has more than two decades' professional experience translating the heady into the understandable. She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic, making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative and which, by the close, will make you feel almost as smart as AI.
As we soon come to learn from AI by Design, AI is already super smart and will become more capable, moving from the current generation of “narrow AI” to Artificial General Intelligence. From there, Campbell says, will come Artificial Dominant Intelligence. This is why Campbell has set out to raise awareness of AI and its future now—several decades before these developments are expected to take place. She says it is essential that we keep control of artificial intelligence, or risk being sidelined and perhaps even worse.
Campbell's point is to wake up those responsible for AI—the technology companies and world leaders—so they are on the same page as all the experts currently developing it. She explains we are at a “tipping point” in history and must act now to prevent an extinction level event for humanity. We need to consider how we want our future with AI to pan out. Such structured thinking, followed by global regulation, will enable us to achieve greatness rather than our downfall.
AI will affect us all, and if you only read one book on the subject, this is it.
语篇类型：书评　主题语境：人与社会——图书推荐——AI by Design
【语篇解读】　本文主要介绍了英国人工智能专家卡特里奥娜·坎贝尔2022年度畅销书AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence。书中探讨了当前人工智能的发展趋势和即将到来的人工智能革命，呼吁技术公司和世界领袖应与人工智能专家们达成共识、携手共进、共同面对。
1．What does the phrase “In the wrong hands” in paragraph 2 probably mean
A．If read by someone poorly educated.
B．If reviewed by someone ill intentioned.
C．If written by someone less competent.
D．If translated by someone unacademic.
答案与解析：C　理解词汇。根据画线词后面的“but，thankfully，Campbell has more than two decades' professional experience translating the heady into the understandable”可知，坎贝尔有二十多年的专业经验，她能将令人头晕的东西转化为容易理解的东西。由此可见，画线的“In the wrong hands”指的应该是如果换一个能力不如坎贝尔的人来写这本书，故C项正确。competent“足以胜任的，有能力的，称职的”。A项“如果被受教育程度低的人阅读”；B项“如果被怀有恶意的人评论”；C项“如果被不那么称职的人来写”；D项“如果被不适合做学术的人来翻译”。
2．What is a feature of AI by Design according to the text
A．It is packed with complex codes.
B．It adopts a down to earth writing style.
C．It provides step by step instructions.
D．It is intended for AI professionals.
答案与解析：B　推断。根据第二段中的“She writes from the practical angle of a business person...a guide which is highly accessible and informative”可知，她从一个商人的实际角度来写作，使得这本书成为非常易懂且信息丰富的指南。由此可见，这本书的写作风格非常务实，故选B。down to earth“务实的，脚踏实地的”。
3．What does Campbell urge people to do regarding AI development
A．Observe existing regulations on it.
B．Reconsider expert opinions about it.
C．Make joint efforts to keep it under control.
D．Learn from prior experience to slow it down.
答案与解析：C　理解具体信息。根据第三段中的“She says it is essential that we keep control of artificial intelligence”和第四段中的“Campbell's point is to wake up those responsible for AI—the technology companies and world leaders—so they are on the same page as all the experts currently developing it”可知，坎贝尔建议让人工智能的发展处于控制下，并呼吁技术公司、世界领袖和人工智能专家携手应对，故C项正确。
4．What is the author's purpose in writing the text
A．To recommend a book on AI.
B．To give a brief account of AI history.
C．To clarify the definition of AI.
D．To honor an outstanding AI expert.
答案与解析：A　理解目的。根据最后一段“AI will affect us all, and if you only read one book on the subject, this is it”并结合全文可知，本文主要给读者推荐了卡特里奥娜·坎贝尔的书AI by Design：A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence，故A项正确。A项“推荐一本关于人工智能的书”；B项“简述人工智能的历史”；C项“阐明人工智能的定义”；D项“向一位杰出的人工智能专家致敬”。
B
2024·沈阳高三质检 说明文 328词 ★★★☆☆
In a study in the journal Science, researchers at Northwestern University in Illinois reported that they had developed an effective and inexpensive method for breaking down chemicals called per and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) .
PFAS, first created in the 1930s, are chemical compounds (化合物). They are used to make a wide range of everyday products, including nonstick pans, carpeting, electronics, and fast food wrappers. Once the chemicals are in the environment, they are almost impossible to eliminate because they are designed to avoid breaking down. Researchers have linked regular levels of exposure to these chemicals with several health problems, including liver damage, an increased risk of cancer, and reduced immunity.
Scientists had previously figured out how to remove PFAS from polluted water or soil but there was no safe and effective way to destroy them once they were removed. The study reported that when the team boiled PFAS molecules (分子) with two common substances, the PFAS quickly broke down and became harmless.
In 2020, William Dichtel, a chemist and professor at Northwestern, read a study in which chemists at the University of Alberta, in Canada, found an easy way to break down chains of molecules. He asked a graduate student, Brittany Trang, to try the method on PFAS molecules.
Trang had spent months in the lab unsuccessfully attempting to pull apart PFAS, and at first she thought Dichtel's idea was too simple to work. But she tried it, boiling PFAS with a common solvent (溶剂) called dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). Trang was shocked when the process destroyed the PFAS. She later mixed DMSO with a chemical called sodium hydroxide and broke down PFAS even more quickly.
The scientists will work on ways to destroy PFAS outside the lab so large amounts of forever chemicals can be broken down at once. “It's a huge challenge, but it's in our grasp，” Dichtel told The New York Times. Scientists are also calling for a decrease in the amount of PFAS being released into the natural world. In June, the US government announced new plans to monitor PFAS, decrease the amount of PFAS released into the environment, and address the effects of PFAS on human health.
【语篇解读】　伊利诺伊州西北大学的研究人员说他们已经开发出一种有效且廉价的方法来分解被称为PFAS的化学物质。本文重点介绍了这种降解方法。
5．What does the underlined word “eliminate” probably mean in Paragraph 2
A．Identify. B．Destroy.
C．Appear. D．Release.
答案与解析：B　理解词汇。根据画线词后的句子“because they are designed to avoid breaking down”可知，这是因为它们的设计是为了避免分解，据此可知，一旦这些化学物质进入环境，它们几乎不可能被消除。所以画线词的意思是“消除”，与destroy意思相近。
6．How did William Dichtel find the way to break down chains of molecules
A．He got information from a study of others.
B．He conducted the experiments on his own.
C．His graduate student, Brittany Trang, told him.
D.Chemists at the University of Alberta told him.
答案与解析：A　理解具体信息。根据第四段中的“In 2020...chains of molecules”可知，西北大学的化学家兼教授William Dichtel阅读了一项研究，加拿大一所大学的化学家在该研究中发现了一种分解分子链的简单方法。据此可知，William Dichtel是从别人的研究中得到了信息以此找到分解分子链的方法的。
7．What can we learn about Brittany Trang's experiment
A.She tried the method from Dichtel but didn't succeed at first.
B．She pulled apart PFAS with her own idea at her first attempt.
C．She developed a more effective method to break down PFAS.
D．She thought Dichtel's idea was too simple, so she didn't try it.
答案与解析：C　理解具体信息。根据第五段中的“But she tried it...even more quickly”可知，她尝试用一种叫DMSO的普通溶剂煮沸PFAS，这种方法可以降解PFAS；此后她将DMSO与一种叫氢氧化钠的化学物质混合，更快地分解PFAS。据此可知，Brittany Trang发现了一种更有效的方法来分解PFAS。
8．What do scientists advocate the public doing
A．Addressing the effects of PFAS on human health and environment.
B．Reducing the amount of PFAS being released into the environment.
C．Finding more effective ways to destroy PFAS in and outside the lab.
D．Stopping the use of PFAS in everyday life to avoid health problems.
答案与解析：B　理解具体信息。根据尾段中的“Scientists are also calling...the natural world”可知，科学家倡导公众减少释放到环境中的PFAS的数量。
黄金考点
语法填空——时态
考点30 时态与上下文要一致
考例 Actually, I ________ (start) to learn kung fu when I was seven years old.
点拨 根据时间状语从句when I was seven years old可知，此处是在叙述过去的事情，应用一般过去时，故填started。
考点31 并列成分前后时态要一致
考例 The instructor kept repeating the words, “Speed up！” “Slow down！” “________ (turn) left！”
点拨 根据前面教练发出的两个指令可知，这三个短句属于并列结构，都是祈使句，谓语动词用原形，所以应填Turn，跟前面的Speed和Slow一致。练习18　阅读理解＋读后续写
授课提示：对应学生用书42页
　
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
2024·贵阳质量监测 应用文 302词 ★★★☆☆
Xi'an，as the longest running capital in ancient China, has shaped the country's culture and history. With a history of over 3, 000 years, it has given birth to many dynasties. If planning a short tour, be sure to visit the recommended attractions that truly capture the spirit of this ancient city.
The Terracotta Army
The Terracotta Army is a remarkable archaeological find and a popular tourist destination in China. Constructed by Emperor Qin Shihuang in the 3rd century BC, it features life size terracotta soldiers, horses, and chariots arranged in battle formation. The museum houses three vaults (墓穴) and an exhibition hall, with Vault One being the largest, displaying over 6，000 figures. These sculptures offer insights of high value into ancient China's history, military, and culture.
Xi'an Ancient City Wall
Xi'an Ancient City Wall was built in the 14th century by Zhu Yuanzhang, the first emperor of the Ming Dynasty (1368—1644) as a military defence system. Now it is one of the oldest and best preserved Chinese city walls. The wall is now a landmark, dividing the city into inner and outer areas. When you take a stroll or cycle on the massive wall, you can enjoy a good view of the city, the moat (护城河) and the watchtowers.
Giant Wild Goose Pagoda
The Giant Wild Goose Pagoda in China was built during the Tang Dynasty as a study place for Buddhist texts. It stored sutras(佛经)and sculptures brought from India by Monk Xuan Zang, who translated scriptures here for 19 years. Situated in Da Ci'en Temple, the pagoda's impressive brick structure reflects traditional Chinese architecture, creating a solemn and magnificent atmosphere.
Shaanxi History Museum
The Shaanxi History Museum displays 370，000 relics found in Shaanxi, China, including bronze ware(青铜器), pottery figures，gold and silverware, and Tang Dynasty murals. 18 pieces are national treasures. Xi'an, the former capital, has many historical sites. The museum is divided into three sections, exhibiting artifacts from primitive eras to the late Qing Dynasty.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇应用文。文章讲述了西安旅游景点。
1．Which of the following attractions was built as a military defence system
A．The Terracotta Army.
B．Xi'an Ancient City Wall.
C．Giant Wild Goose Pagoda.
D．Shaanxi History Museum.
答案与解析：B　细节理解题。根据Xi'an Ancient City Wall部分中的“Xi'an Ancient City Wall was built in the 14th century...as a military defence system.”可知，西安古城墙始建于14世纪，由明朝(1368—1644)第一位皇帝朱元璋修建，作为军事防御系统，也就是说西安古城墙是作为军事防御系统建造的。 故选B。
2．What do the Terracotta Army and Xi'an Ancient City Wall have in common
A．They were built at the same period.
B．They both divide the city into two areas.
C．They were both built by emperors.
D．They both offer a good view of the city.
答案与解析：C　细节理解题。The Terracotta Army中讲到兵马俑由秦始皇于公元前3世纪建造；Xi'an Ancient City Wall中讲到西安古城墙始建于14世纪，由明朝(1368—1644) 第一位皇帝朱元璋修建。由此可知，兵马俑和西安古城墙的共同之处是它们都是由皇帝组建的。故选C。 A项“它们是在同一时期建造的”，B项“它们都将城市分为两个区域”，C项“它们都是由皇帝组建的”，D项“它们都提供了城市的美景”。
3．What can we know about the Giant Wild Goose Pagoda
A．It was built during the Tang Dynasty.
B．It was brought from India by Xuan Zang.
C．It was written in the Buddhist texts.
D．It was used as a study place for goose.
答案与解析：A　细节理解题。根据Giant Wild Goose Pagoda部分中的“The Giant Wild Goose Pagoda in China was built during the Tang Dynasty”可知，中国的大雁塔建于唐代。故选A。
B
2024·合肥高三质检 说明文 290词 ★★☆☆☆
Greenland holds enough ice to raise global sea level by 7 meters if it were all to melt (融化). The sheet currently loses around 270 billion tons of ice each year, and contributes to more than 4 millimeters' global sea level rise annually—from 2013 to 2022, the average annual global sea level rise was 4.62 millimeters. However, Greenland's massive ice sheet, which is melting because of climate change, could be saved from complete melting even if global temperatures rocket past key international targets, a study suggests.
Using climate modelling, the research concludes that Greenland's melting will accelerate abruptly if the average global temperature crosses a threshold (阈值) that is no higher than 2.3 ℃ above pre industrial levels—and could be much lower. That threshold might be getting quite close: the average temperature in 2025 is likely to hit 1.5 ℃ above pre industrial levels. But we do not necessarily tip the Greenland ice sheet just because we cross the threshold. Even if temperatures shoot up by 6 ℃ or more above pre industrial levels, humanity will be able to reduce much of that ice loss if warming is limited to 1.5 ℃ within a few centuries, the study shows. It means that the ice sheet can be saved.
But Nils Bochow, a climate scientist at UiT The Arctic University of Norway and lead author of the study, and others are quick to note that taking action against climate change now will be cheaper and easier than trying to control global temperatures later. “It's a worthwhile tool to explore because what we have done so far in terms of policy is not enough to be within the limit，” says Bochow.
The authors examine the effect of average global temperature increases rather than temperature increases in the Arctic, which are happening at least three times faster than those on the rest of the planet. And the study assumes that society will somehow work out a way to cut down greenhouse gas emissions(排放)sharply in the future，perhaps through carbon storage technology. Petrini, the coauthor of the study, says he doesn't want people to think the Greenland ice sheet is going to be fine. “There's a chance to prevent some serious consequences even if there's no political will now，” he says. “But we should do our bit today rather than later.”
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了关于格陵兰岛冰原融化速率的最新研究。
4．What do we learn about the Greenland ice sheet
A．It's disappearing at a constant rate.
B．It's lost more than half of its ice.
C．It contributes much to the sea level rise.
D．It has raised global sea level by 7 meters.
答案与解析：C　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The sheet currently...contributes to more than 4 millimeters' global sea level rise annually—from 2013 to 2022, the average annual global sea level rise was 4.62 millimeters.”可知， 目前，格陵兰岛的冰盖每年损失约2 700亿吨冰，导致全球海平面上升超过4 毫米—从2013年到2022年，平均每年海平面上升4.62毫米。 由此可知，全球海平面上升受格陵兰岛冰盖融化影响很大。故选 C项。
5．What does the underlined word “tip” in Paragraph 2 mean
　
A．Overturn. B．Discount.
C．Preserve. D．Explore.
答案与解析：A　词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“Even if temperatures shoot up by 6 ℃ or more above pre industrial levels, humanity will be able to reduce much of that ice loss if warming is limited to 1.5 ℃ within...be saved.”可知，即使温度高于工业化前水平6 ℃或更多，如果升温在几个世纪内限制在1.5 ℃以内，人类将能够减少大部分冰损失。这意味着冰盖可以被拯救。 由此可知，画线词所在句表示超过阈值不一定就会触发格陵兰岛冰盖的垮塌。tip意为“使倾倒，倾覆”，与overturn 意思相近。此处考查tip的熟词生义。故选A项。
6．How does Nils Bochow find present policies on climate change
A．They push the climate to the limit.
B．They have no practical use.
C．They are suitable for climate control.
D．They need further improvement.
答案与解析：D　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“It's a worthwhile tool to explore because what we have done so far in terms of policy is not enough to be within the limit”可知，这是一个值得探索的方法，因为到目前为止，我们在政策方面所做的还不足以把全球气温控制在合理范围内。由此可知，Nils Bochow应是认为现行政策还不够好，仍需要改善。故选D项。
7．Which can be the best title for the text
A．Global Warming: Destroyer of Ice Sheet
B．How to Save Greenland's Massive Ice Sheet
C．Climate Modelling: Helper of Scientists
D．How Greenland's Melting Affects Our Planet
答案与解析：B　主旨大意题。阅读全文可知，本文主要介绍了科学家们发现如果全球平均温度超过阈值，格陵兰岛冰盖的融化会骤然加速，但即便如此，快速行动也可以稳定住它。 B项“如何拯救格陵兰岛的巨大冰盖”点明了主旨，作标题最佳。
Ⅱ.读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
[2023·新课标Ⅰ卷]When I was in middle school, my social studies teacher asked me to enter a writing contest. I said no without thinking. I did not love writing. My family came from Brazil, so English was only my second language. Writing was so difficult and painful for me that my teacher had allowed me to present my paper on the sinking of the Titanic by acting out a play, where I played all the parts. No one laughed harder than he did.
So, why did he suddenly force me to do something at which I was sure to fail His reply: “Because I love your stories. If you're willing to apply yourself, I think you have a good shot at this.” Encouraged by his words, I agreed to give it a try.
I chose Paul Revere's horse as my subject. Paul Revere was a silversmith (银匠) in Boston who rode a horse at night on April 18, 1775 to Lexington to warn people that British soldiers were coming. My story would come straight from the horse's mouth. Not a brilliant idea, but funny; and unlikely to be anyone else's choice.
What did the horse think, as he sped through the night Did he get tired Have doubts Did he want to quit I sympathized immediately. I got tired. I had doubts. I wanted to quit. But, like Revere's horse, I kept going. I worked hard. I checked my spelling. I asked my older sister to correct my grammar. I checked out a half dozen books on Paul Revere from the library. I even read a few of them.
When I handed in the essay to my teacher, he read it, laughed out loud, and said, “Great. Now, write it again.” I wrote it again, and again and again. When I finally finished it, the thought of winning had given way to the enjoyment of writing. If I didn't win, I wouldn't care.
注意：1.续写词数应为150个左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
A few weeks later, when I almost forgot the contest, there came the news.
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I went to my teacher's office after the award presentation.
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One possible version：
A few weeks later, when I almost forgot the contest, there came the news. I was informed that I won the first prize in the writing contest and that there would be an award presentation in two days. I was so happy to hear the news that I immediately shared it with my teacher. “I knew you'd win! I am proud of you. You made it！” he said excitedly. Then came the big day. When I was invited to the stage to receive the award, I expressed my thanks to my teacher. I said, “It's you who make me fall in love with writing, my social studies teacher. Without your recognition and guidance, I couldn't have written this article. Again thank you very much！”
I went to my teacher's office after the award presentation. My teacher was waiting for me. Holding my hands, he said “Congratulations! You are a good writer, so keep writing.” “You know I didn't like writing before, but now I am crazy about it! I will try my best to create good works.” I said seriously. Since then, I have written many good works and now I am a famous writer. I owe my success to my social studies teacher who is a beacon in my life on the road to writing.练习13　阅读理解＋读后续写
授课提示：对应学生用书30页
　
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
2024·浙江1月，D 议论文 310词 ★★★☆☆
The Stanford marshmallow (棉花糖) test was originally conducted by psychologist Walter Mischel in the late 1960s. Children aged four to six at a nursery school were placed in a room. A single sugary treat, selected by the child, was placed on a table. Each child was told if they waited for 15 minutes before eating the treat, they would be given a second treat. Then they were left alone in the room. Follow up studies with the children later in life showed a connection between an ability to wait long enough to obtain a second treat and various forms of success.
As adults we face a version of the marshmallow test every day. We're not tempted by sugary treats, but by our computers, phones, and tablets—all the devices that connect us to the global delivery system for various types of information that do to us what marshmallows do to preschoolers.
We are tempted by sugary treats because our ancestors lived in a calorie poor world, and our brains developed a response mechanism to these treats that reflected their value—a feeling of reward and satisfaction. But as we've reshaped the world around us, dramatically reducing the cost and effort involved in obtaining calories, we still have the same brains we had thousands of years ago, and this mismatch is at the heart of why so many of us struggle to resist tempting foods that we know we shouldn't eat.
A similar process is at work in our response to information. Our formative environment as a species was information poor, so our brains developed a mechanism that prized new information. But global connectivity has greatly changed our information environment. We are now ceaselessly bombarded (轰炸) with new information. Therefore, just as we need to be more thoughtful about our caloric consumption, we also need to be more thoughtful about our information consumption, resisting the temptation of the mental “junk food” in order to manage our time most effectively.
语篇类型：议论文　主题语境：人与自我——做人与做事——儿童棉花糖实验的启示
【语篇解读】　文章通过20世纪60年代一项针对孩子的棉花糖实验引出作者观点——身处网络时代，我们每天都受到大量信息的诱惑，要学会做有选择的信息消费者。
1．What did the children need to do to get a second treat in Mischel's test
A．Take an examination alone.
B．Show respect for the researchers.
C．Share their treats with others.
D．Delay eating for fifteen minutes.
答案与解析：D　理解具体信息。根据第一段对Mischel的棉花糖实验的介绍中的“Each child was told if they waited for 15 minutes before eating the treat, they would be given a second treat”可知，孩子们如果等待15分钟再吃糖，就会得到第二份奖励，故选D项。
2．According to Paragraph 3, there is a mismatch between ________．
A．the calorie poor world and our good appetites
B．the shortage of sugar and our nutritional needs
C．the rich food supply and our unchanged brains
D．the tempting foods and our efforts to keep fit
答案与解析：C　理解具体信息。根据题干中“mismatch”这一关键词将答案定位在第三段的最后一句话“But as we've reshaped the world around us, dramatically reducing the cost and effort involved in obtaining calories, we still have the same brains we had thousands of years ago, and this mismatch is at the heart...we shouldn't eat”。由此句可知，我们获取热量所需付出的成本和努力大大减少，也就是说现在我们能够轻易获取充足的食物了，但是我们的大脑仍然和数千年前一样，因此这两者之间是不匹配的，故选C项。A项“热量匮乏的世界和我们的好胃口”；B项“糖分的缺乏和我们的营养需求”；C项“充足的食物供应和我们一成不变的大脑”；D项“诱人的食物和我们为保持健康所做的努力”。
3．What does the author suggest readers do
A．Be selective information consumers.
B．Absorb new information readily.
C．Use diverse information sources.
D．Protect the information environment.
答案与解析：B　推断。根据最后一段中的“Therefore...we also need to be more thoughtful about our information consumption, resisting the temptation of the mental ‘junk food’ in order to manage our time most effectively”可知，作者建议我们要谨慎地对待信息消费，抵制那些对我们的精神健康有害的信息诱惑，以达到高效管理时间的目的。因此可推断出，作者建议读者要做有选择的信息消费者，故选B项。A项“欣然接受新信息”；C项“使用多样化的信息源”；D项“保护信息环境”。
4．Which of the following is the best title for the text
A．Eat Less, Read More
B．The Bitter Truth about Early Humans
C．The Later, the Better
D．The Marshmallow Test for Grownups
答案与解析：D　理解文章主旨要义。本文围绕棉花糖实验展开，从最初针对幼儿园孩子的测试引入，说明棉花糖对孩子的影响，再类比到成人身上，阐述了在充斥着各类信息的信息大环境下，我们成年人也应该要学会抵制不良信息带来的诱惑，做一个有选择的信息消费者，因此文章重点介绍了成人面临的“棉花糖实验”，故选D项。
B
2024·浙江1月，B 记叙文 329词 ★★★☆☆
When was the last time you used a telephone box I mean to make an actual phone call—not to shelter from the rain. Ages ago, right The last time I used a phone box for its intended purpose was...2006. I was conducting auditions (试演) for my play in my tiny old shared house in London. Hoping to impress some talented actors to come and work for me for nothing, I spread some throws over the sofas and lit candles to make it__seem a bit more “young professional”.
As I rushed outdoors to empty the wastepaper baskets, the door swung shut behind me. Suddenly I was locked outside. My mobile phone was inside, but luckily there was a telephone box across the street. So, I called Directory Assistance, got put through to our landlady's managing agent, and had a spare key sent to me with just enough time to get back in before the actors arrived.
As it has been many years since I last used one, I should hardly be surprised that then are no longer any public telephones near my house. The last one standing has just been turned into a “mini community library”： any passer by can “borrow” a book from its shelves, and return it later, or replace it with another title from their own collection.
For a few months after the “library” opened, I didn't bother taking a look, as I had assumed that it would be stuffed full of cheese love stories. Then I noticed fork conducting spring cleans dropping boxes of voluminous books on various subjects there. And these books were free. This unbeatable pricepoint encouraged me to experiment with dozens of titles that I would never normally consider buying. And I've discovered some great books!
If I ever get trapped outside my house again, my local telephone box will, sadly, no longer be able to connect me with my keys. But it can certainly keep me entertained while I wait for my wife to rescue me.
语篇类型：记叙文　主题语境：人与社会——社会进步——电话亭的变迁
【语篇解读】　作者回忆了自己最后一次使用电话亭的经历，并发现家附近最后一个电话亭被改造成了“迷你社区图书馆”，这为社区提供了新的价值。
5．What does the underlined word “it” in the first paragraph refer to
A．The play. B．The shared house.
C．The sofa. D．The telephone box.
答案与解析：B　理解词汇。根据第一段中的“I was conducting auditions (试演) for my play in my tiny old shared house in London”和“I spread some throws over the sofas and lit candles to make it seem a bit more ‘young professional’”可推断出，作者是在合租房里安排试演，为了给一些有天赋的演员留下深刻印象而将合租房布置了一番，故选B项。
6．Why did the author use the telephone box in 2006
A.To place an urgent call.
B．To put up a notice.
C．To shelter from the rain.
D．To hold an audition.
答案与解析：A　推断。根据题干信息将答案定位在第一、二段。第二段提到作者被锁在了门外，但是幸运的是“there was a telephone box across the street”，因此作者打电话拿到了备用钥匙，才得以及时赶回家。由此可推断出，在2006年作者使用电话亭是为了拨打紧急电话，故选A项。
7．What do we know about the “mini community library”？
A.It provides phone service for free.
B．Anyone can contribute to its collection.
C．It is popular among young readers.
D．Books must be returned within a month.
答案与解析：B　理解具体信息。根据题干中的“mini community library”将答案锁定在第三段。由该段中的“a ‘mini community library’： any passer by can...or replace it with another title from their own collection”可知，任何路过的人都能用自己的另一本藏书来替换其中的一本书，也就是说任何人都可以为这个图书馆的藏书做出贡献，故选B项。A项“它提供免费电话服务”；C项“它在年轻读者中受欢迎”；D项“一个月之内必须归还图书”。
8．Why did the author start to use the “library”？
A．He wanted to borrow some love stories.
B．He was encouraged by a close neighbour.
C．He found there were excellent free books.
D．He thought it was an ideal place for reading.
答案与解析：C　理解具体信息。根据第四段可知，作者一开始认为这个“图书馆”里都是一些庸俗的爱情故事书，但后来却注意到那里有各种主题的大部头书，而且这些书都是免费的。这个无与伦比的价格点鼓励作者尝试许多自己通常不会考虑购买的书，并且发现了一些很棒的书。由此可知，作者因为发现那里有免费的好书，才转变之前的想法，开始使用这个“图书馆”。故选C项。
Ⅱ.读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
[2024·九省联考]Last summer, Hilda worked as a volunteer with dolphin trainers at a sea life park. Her job was to make sure the tanks were free of any items so that the trainers could train the dolphins to fetch specific items. However, one day after cleaning, one of the dolphins, Maya, presented Hilda with a candy wrapper from the tank. When Katherine, the trainer, saw this, she blamed Hilda for her carelessness. Upset but not discouraged by this event, Hilda decided to do some spying on Maya.
The next morning, Hilda arrived at the park early. She put on her scuba gear (水下呼吸器) and jumped into the tank for her usual, underwater sweep. Finding nothing in the tank, she climbed out of the water just in time to see Katherine jumping in on the other side. After what happened yesterday, Hilda knew what she was doing. She watched as Katherine performed her underwater search, but Hilda wasn't surprised when she surfaced empty handed.
During the tank sweeps, Maya had been swimming playfully, but now the dolphin stopped suddenly and swam to the back part of the tank where the filter (过滤) box was located. She stuck her nose down behind the box and then swam away. What was Maya doing back there Hilda wondered. She jumped back into the water and swam over to take a look behind the box, and her question was answered. Hilda then swam across the tank following Maya's path and emerged from the water to find Katherine removing her scuba gear. As Katherine turned around, her mouth dropped open. There was Maya at the edge of the tank with a comb (梳子) in her mouth waiting for her treat.
“Maya! Where did you get that？” demanded Katherine, taking the comb and throwing her a fish. “I know where she got it，” declared Hilda climbing out of the tank with a handful of items still wet from their watery, resting place. “What's all this？” Katherine asked, obviously confused.
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式在相应位置作答。
“This is Maya's secret，” Hilda said with a big smile.
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Now Katherine realized what had been going on.
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One possible version：
“This is Maya's secret，” Hilda said with a big smile. “The truth of the matter，” Hilda continued, “is that Maya has been secretly collecting items from the tank, hiding them near the filter in the back of the tank. When you train her, she will give you some items so that she can get treats from you.” “Really How do you know that？” Katherine asked in surprise. Hilda laughed and replied, “It took me a long time to discover this secret, too. It's not easy to follow Maya.”
Now Katherine realized what had been going on. Katherine thought to herself, this is really a clever dolphin. And she said to Hilda, “Well, Maya loves treats, so we'll work together, and you'll secretly help her collect a few things and put them in the filter at the back of the tank. I'll give her treats, the number of which I can increase.” Hilda replied, “Good idea, let's do it.” From then on, the Sea Life Park is full of warmth and harmony. Maya's performance in front of the audience is getting better and better.练习46　语法填空＋阅读理解
授课提示：对应学生用书116页
　
Ⅰ.语法填空
2023·广东模拟 记叙文 191词 ★★★☆☆
During the summer holiday I had the chance to visit Pingtang County, Guizhou Province in southwest China. It's 1.________ experience I will never forget.
Traveling to Guizhou by high speed rail from Beijing, I 2.________ (astonish) at the rapid change in scenery from skyscrapers to beautiful tree filled mountains 3.________ (rest) under a clear blue sky.
Upon arrival, I visited the Pingtang International Experience Planetarium, which displays China's 4.________ (remark) achievements in science and space technology. The Five hundred meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope (FAST) there is the largest one of its kind in the world. To visit FAST, visitors are not permitted 5.________ (bring) any electronic devices due to security measures. So they must record this once in a lifetime moment with their hearts and minds.
6.________ (truthful) , my favorite part of the trip was my personal interaction with the local community. Following the instructions, I worked on two community farms, went hiking and swam 7.________ a fresh community river alongside fish. I was educated on the regional history of the Miao people 8.________ culture is rich in fashion, food, pottery and music.
After this adventure, my 9.________ (appreciate) for Chinese culture has snowballed. While I am content with living and working in Beijing, Pingtang County in Guizhou has opened my eyes to the endless positive 10.________ (possibility) China has to offer.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇旅游日记。文章讲述了作者自北京出发去贵州省平塘县的旅行经历，这次旅行令作者永生难忘。通过这次旅行，加深了对中国文化的了解。
1．答案与解析：an　考查冠词。此处表示这是一次难忘的经历，故空处表示泛指，应用不定冠词；又因experience的发音以元音音素开头，故填an。
2．答案与解析：was astonished　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。此处描述的是过去的事情，应用一般过去时；astonish“使十分震惊”，主语I与astonish是被动关系，故填was astonished。句意：从北京乘高铁到贵州，从摩天大楼到碧空下绿树成荫的美丽山峦，景色的迅速变化让我惊讶不已。
3．答案与解析：resting　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处构成非谓语动词短语作定语，修饰mountains。mountains与rest之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，故应用现在分词resting。
4．答案与解析：remarkable　考查形容词。此处修饰空后的名词achievements，故填形容词remarkable。句意：抵达后，我参观了平塘国际天文体验馆，这里展示了中国在科学和太空技术方面取得的巨大成就。
5．答案与解析：to bring　考查非谓语动词。该句是“permit sb. to do sth.”的被动语态，故填to bring。句意：参观FAST时根据安保措施的规定，游客请勿携带任何电子设备。
6．答案与解析：Truthfully　考查副词。该空位于句首，修饰其后的整个句子，应用副词Truthfully，注意首字母大写。句意：说实话，这次旅行中我最喜欢的部分是我与当地社区的个人互动。
7．答案与解析：in　考查介词。根据后面的river可知，空处应填介词in，表示在社区一条洁净的河里和鱼一起游泳，故填in。
8．答案与解析：whose　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，且在从句中作culture的定语，先行词为people，故填关系代词whose。
9．答案与解析：appreciation　考查词性转换。根据空前的形容词性物主代词my可知，空处应填appreciate的名词形式，故填appreciation。
10．答案与解析：possibilities　考查名词复数。根据空前的形容词endless可知，该空应填possibility的复数形式，故填possibilities。句意：虽然我满足于在北京生活和工作，但贵州平塘县让我看到了中国提供的无限积极的可能性。
Ⅱ.阅读理解
A
2024·南京盐城模拟 应用文 276词 ★★★☆☆
Intro
Our Online Chinese Summer Camp program is a wonderful, immersive online Chinese learning experience specifically designed for learning Chinese remotely.
Suitable Age
Kids aged 10 to 16
Camp Content
Interactive Chinese lessons, cultural activities and virtual trips
Schedule
Monday to Friday
The class time is scheduled according to different time zones
Camp Levels
Online Chinese Camp is divided into 2 levels—Non Native Chinese Camp for beginner to intermediate levels and Chinese Camp for intermediate to advanced levels.
Non Native Chinese Camp for kids from non native Chinese families Chinese Camp for kids from native Chinese families
REQUIREMENTS
·No Chinese language experience needed ·No Chinese language exposure in everyday life ·Chinese language experience in a native Chinese speaking family
CONTENT
√Fun and interactive online lessons and activities to raise the interest in learning Chinese √Introduction to Chinese characters with stories and pictures √Develop practical communication skills √Basic conversations in Chinese √Project based, cultural activities to increase the understanding of Chinese culture √Fun and interactive online lessons to improve 4 language skills—Listening, Speaking, Reading & Writing √Intermediate conversations in Chinese through various cultural and language activities √More advanced lessons to increase Chinese vocabulary √Project based cultural activities to deepen the understanding of Chinese culture
　　Ready to Sign Up
Contact us (www. ) and we will be happy to answer your questions and help you choose the right camp. Don't forget to ask us about early bird price !
1．What is the text
A．A course review. B．A commercial ad.
C．An academic article. D．An activity schedule.
答案与解析：B　理解文章类型。根据Intro部分的内容以及Ready to Sign Up？部分的内容可知，本文是一则汉语夏令营的广告，介绍了针对人群、要求和内容等相关信息。故B项正确。
2．What can kids do in Chinese Camp
A．Improve integrated Chinese skills.
B．Make up basic Chinese dialogues.
C．Learn characters through fun stories.
D．Prepare for advanced vocabulary tests.
答案与解析：A　理解具体信息。根据表格中的“Fun and interactive online lessons to improve 4 language skills—Listening, Speaking, Reading & Writing”可知，孩子们在汉语营可以提高综合汉语技能。故A项正确。
3．What can we learn about the program
A．It involves skills for camping trips.
B．It offers a discount if you book earlier.
C．It has a fixed timetable regardless of time zones.
D．It includes off line interactive activities in China.
答案与解析：B　推断。根据Ready to Sign Up？部分的“Don't forget to ask us about early bird price！”可推知，你如果提前预订，就能享受折扣价。故B项正确。
B
2024·石家庄质检 说明文 349词 ★★★☆☆
A new study suggests classic paintings by well known artists Joseph Mallord William Turner and Claude Monet may have been influenced by air pollution during the Industrial Revolution.
The study, published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences by authors from Harvard University and Sorbonne University, analyzed 60 oil paintings by Turner from 1796 to 1850 and 38 paintings by Monet from 1864 to 1901.
Scientists don't know exactly how polluted the cities were during that time for lack of data. However, researchers say examining the works of Turner and Monet can give a picture of long term environmental change with the air pollution.
In particular，researchers say changes in local sulfur dioxide (二氧化硫) emissions from burning coal may explain changes in the colour contrast and intensity of Turner's, Monet's, and others' works, even after taking the artistic trends and subject matter of the time into account.
Scientists successfully measured painters' representation of nature, focusing on differences in local weather patterns which influenced colour in works painted in different parts of Europe. Paintings done in Britain generally feature a paler blue sky than other works in other parts of the continent. Generally, artists can historically accurately represent their environment, so Turner and Monet were chosen because they are famous for their landscape and cityscape paintings and also because they were active during the Industrial Revolution, when air pollution grew at a rate never seen before.
Additionally, researchers say that as the air in London and Paris became more polluted, the cities would appear hazier to the eyes as well as in photographs. By comparing the paintings of Turner and Monet to pictures from the era, they were able to determine the artists were at least partly influenced by the change in emissions.
【语篇解读】　研究人员表示，通过研究特纳和莫奈的作品可以了解空气污染带来的长期环境变化。
4．How did the researchers conduct the study
A．By referring to relevant historical records.
B．By comparing the paintings of Turner and Monet.
C．By relating the paintings to the air conditions then.
D．By analyzing the data during the Industrial Revolution.
答案与解析：C　理解具体信息。根据第三段中的“However，researchers say examining the works of Turner and Monet can give a picture of long term environmental change with the air pollution”可知，研究人员表示，通过研究特纳和莫奈的作品，可以了解空气污染带来的长期环境变化。由此可知，研究者是通过将绘画与当时的空气条件联系起来做这个研究的。故选C项。
5．What did the researchers find in the works of Turner and Monet
A．Air pollution at that time.
B．Change in subject matter.
C．Social trends of the period.
D．Development of photography.
答案与解析：A　推断。根据第五段中的“Generally，artists can...so Turner and Monet were...never seen before”可知，艺术家可以准确地描绘他们所处的环境，所以特纳和莫奈被选中，因为他们以乡村风景画和城市风光画而闻名，他们活跃在工业革命时期，而当时空气污染以前所未有的速度加剧。由此再结合第一段内容可推知，研究人员在特纳和莫奈的作品中发现了当时的空气污染状况。故选A项。
6．What can we learn from paragraph 5
A.European artists preferred landscape paintings.
B．Scientists focused on studying weather patterns.
C．Turner and Monet intended to present pollution.
D．Britain suffered from air pollution most in Europe.
答案与解析：D　推断。根据第五段前两句的内容可知，科学家们已经成功测量了画家对自然的描绘，重点关注了影响欧洲不同地区的画作中的色彩的当地天气模式的差异。在英国创作的画作中，天空的蓝色通常比欧洲其他地区的画作要淡一些。由此可推知，英国在欧洲遭受空气污染最严重。故选D项。
7．What is the purpose of the text
A．To inform people of a new discovery.
B．To instruct people to appreciate paintings.
C．To introduce the Industrial Revolution.
D．To call on people to protect the environment.
答案与解析：A　理解目的。浏览全文可知，本文主要讲述了研究人员表示，通过研究特纳和莫奈的作品可以了解空气污染带来的长期环境变化。故作者写作本文旨在告诉我们一个研究的新发现。故选A项。练习42　语法填空＋阅读理解＋应用文写作
授课提示：对应学生用书105页
　
Ⅰ.语法填空
2024·陕西西安调研 说明文 195词 ★★★★☆
A special event titled “Tea for Harmony—Yaji Cultural Salon of Jiangsu” was held last week by the China Cultural Center in Paris, with the 1.________ (intend) of giving tea a greater role in enhancing friendly dialogue. The carefully 2.________ (select) representative intangible cultural heritage (非物质文化遗产) from East China's Jiangsu Province presented its rich tea culture 3.________ (thorough).
Yaji, which translates as “an elegant gathering”， reminds people of 4.________ ancient type of social event in China 5.________ scholars and the literati (文人) gathered to involve in a variety of refined cultural activities such as tea tasting, guqin playing, and poetry composition and recitals. The Paris event featuring activities including tea tasting, demonstrations of tea making techniques and tea art and musical performances 6.________ (speak) highly of by audiences. Through the activities, it provided an 7.________ (extend) description of local lifestyles associated with tea.
8．________ caught people's eye was a unique exhibition presented in a panoramic (全景) way 9.________ (use) virtual 3D modeling technology. With fancy silk, jewelry, musical instruments, costumes for Peking Opera and Kunqu Opera, as well as tools for special occasions 10.________ exhibit, the virtual show recreated traditional lifestyles and home environments from Jiangsu.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。巴黎中国文化中心举办了一场名为“茶和天下·苏韵雅集”的活动，通过展览和表演等形式，全面介绍了江苏茶文化。
1．答案与解析：intention　上周，巴黎中国文化中心举办了一场名为“茶和天下·苏韵雅集”的特别活动，意在让茶在加强友好对话中发挥更大的作用。根据空前的with the和空后的of可知，空处应用名词。intention“打算，计划，意图，目的”。
2．答案与解析：selected　精心挑选的来自中国东部江苏省的代表性非物质文化遗产全面展示了其丰富的茶文化。分析句子结构可知，空处应用非谓语动词作前置定语，select“挑选”与其逻辑主语之间是动宾关系，应用过去分词形式。
3．答案与解析：thoroughly　空处修饰动词presented，应用所给词的副词形式。thoroughly“完全地，全面地”。
4．答案与解析：an　雅集，译为“高雅的聚会”，让人们想起中国一种古老的社交活动，学者和文人聚集在一起，参与各种高雅的文化活动，如品茶、古琴演奏、诗歌创作和朗诵。此处表泛指，又ancient的发音以元音音素开头，故填不定冠词an。
5．答案与解析：where　分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词为表示抽象地点的social event，空处在从句中作地点状语，故用where引导。
6．答案与解析：was spoken　句中没有谓语动词，故空处作谓语。句子主语为The Paris event，表示单数，与speak之间是被动关系，又文中描述该活动时用到的时态是一般过去时，故填was spoken。speak highly of“高度赞扬，对……大加称赞”。
7．答案与解析：extensive　根据空前的an和空后的description可知，空处应用形容词作定语。
8．答案与解析：What　吸引人们眼球的是使用虚拟3D建模技术以全景方式呈现的独特展览。分析句子结构可知，空处引导主语从句且在从句中作主语，表示“……的事物”，故填What。
9．答案与解析：using　空处应用非谓语动词作方式状语，use与其逻辑主语a unique exhibition之间是主谓关系，故用现在分词形式。
10．答案与解析：on　此处为“with＋sth.＋介词短语”结构。on exhibit“在展示中”为固定搭配。
Ⅱ.阅读理解
A
2024·石家庄市质检 说明文 286词 ★★★☆☆
The Nobel Prize has been awarded to 60 women between 1901 and 2022. These women have made outstanding contributions to the worlds of medicine, science, literature and so on. Here are four of them.
Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin
Award: Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Year: 1964
Dorothy Hodgkin was a British chemist whose interest in research began when, as a child, she received a chemistry book containing experiments with crystals (晶体). She studied at Oxford University and developed protein crystallography, which advanced the development of X rays. This earned her the Nobel Prize.
Gertrude B. Elion
Award: Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Year: 1988
Gertrude Elion won the Nobel Prize for her discoveries of important principles for drug treatment. Elion had watched her grandfather die of cancer, so she decided to fight the disease throughout her life. Elion, together with George Hitchings, with whom she shared the award, created a system for drug production that relies heavily on biochemistry.
Toni Morrison
Award: Nobel Prize in Literature
Year: 1993
Toni Morrison, whose book “Beloved” earned her the Pulitzer Prize and the American Book Award, was the first Black woman to ever receive the Nobel Prize in Literature. Born in Ohio, Morrison was a writer whose works are mostly about life in the Black community. She taught writing and served as an honorary professor at Princeton University.
Esther Duflo
Award: Nobel Prize in Economics
Year: 2019
Esther Duflo shared her prize with her research colleagues Michael Kremer and Abhijit Banerjee. who is her husband. Duflo has spent much of her career at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, where she earned her doctorate degree in 1999. Duflo and her partners were awarded the Nobel Prize for their approach to fighting poverty around the world.
1．What won Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin the Nobel Prize
A．Her book about crystals.
B．Her contribution to X ray development.
C．Her research on medicine.
D．Her discovery of a new protein crystal.
答案与解析：B　理解具体信息。根据Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin部分的“She studied at Oxford University and developed protein crystallography...This earned her the Nobel Prize”可知，Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin对X射线的发展的贡献为她赢得了诺贝尔奖。故选B项。
2．What do Toni Morrison's books mainly focus on
A.Educational issues.
B．Community service.
C．Writing techniques.
D．Black American's life.
答案与解析：D　理解具体信息。根据Toni Morrison部分的“whose works are mostly about life in the Black community”可知，Toni Morrison的作品主要是关于黑人社区的生活。由此可知，Toni Morrison的书主要讲美国黑人生活。故选D项。
3．What do Gertrude B. Elion and Esther Duflo have in common
A．They won the Nobel Prize in the same year.
B．They devoted themselves to fighting diseases.
C．They shared the Nobel Prize with others.
D．Their life experiences committed them to their fields.
答案与解析：C　理解具体信息。根据Gertrude B．Elion部分的“so she decided to fight the disease...with whom she shared the award”和Esther Duflo部分的“Esther Duflo shared her prize with her research colleagues Michael Kremer and Abhijit Banerjee, who is her husband”可知，Gertrude B．Elion和Esther Duflo的相似之处是她们和其他人一起获得了诺贝尔奖。故选C项。
B
2023·新课标Ⅰ卷 说明文 320词 ★★☆☆☆
On March 7，1907, the English statistician Francis Galton published a paper which illustrated what has come to be known as the “wisdom of crowds” effect. The experiment of estimation he conducted showed that in some cases, the average of a large number of independent estimates could be quite accurate.
This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors, those errors aren't always the same. Some people will tend to overestimate, and some to underestimate. When enough of these errors are averaged together, they cancel each other out, resulting in a more accurate estimate. If people are similar and tend to make the same errors, then their errors won't cancel each other out. In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people's estimates be independent. If for whatever reasons, people's errors become correlated or dependent, the accuracy of the estimate will go down.
But a new study led by Joaquin Navajas offered an interesting twist (转折) on this classic phenomenon. The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion, the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals. For instance, the average obtained from the estimates of four discussion groups of five was significantly more accurate than the average obtained from 20 independent individuals.
In a follow up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion. Did they tend to go with those most confident about their estimates Did they follow those least willing to change their minds This happened some of the time, but it wasn't the dominant response. Most frequently, the groups reported that they “shared arguments and reasoned together.” Somehow, these arguments and reasoning resulted in a global reduction in error.
Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain, the potential implications for group discussion and decision making are enormous.
【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。没有人是一座孤岛，文章陈述了“群体智慧”效应。实验表明，在某些情况下大量独立评估的平均值可能是相当准确的。
4．What is paragraph 2 of the text mainly about
A．The methods of estimation.
B．The underlying logic of the effect.
C．The causes of people's errors.
D．The design of Galton's experiment.
答案与解析：B　主旨大意题。根据第二段内容“This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors, those errors aren't always the same. Some people will tend to overestimate, and some to underestimate. When enough of these errors are averaged together, they cancel each other out, resulting in a more accurate estimate. If people are similar and tend to make the same errors, then their errors won't cancel each other out. In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people's estimates be independent. If for whatever reasons, people's errors become correlated or dependent, the accuracy of the estimate will go down. (这种效应利用了这样一个事实，即当人们犯错误时，这些错误并不总是相同的。有些人常常会高估，有些会低估。当这些误差中有足够多的误差被平均在一起时，它们会相互抵消，从而产生一个更准确的评估。如果相似的人倾向于犯同样的错误，那么他们的错误不会相互抵消。用更专业的术语来说，群体智慧要求人们的评估是独立的。如果由于任何原因，人们的错误变得相关或依赖，评估的准确性就会下降)”可知，本段阐述了人们所犯的错误不总是相同的，各不相同的误差平均在一起，相互抵消就会产生更准确的评估，讨论了独立评估的平均如何由于误差的消除而产生更准确的预测。因此本段主要解释了“群体智慧”效应这一现象的基本逻辑。故选B。
5．Navajas' study found that the average accuracy could increase even if ________．
A．the crowds were relatively small
B．there were occasional underestimates
C．individuals did not communicate
D．estimates were not fully independent
答案与解析：D　细节理解题。根据第二段的“In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people's estimates be independent. (用更专业的术语来说，群体智慧要求人们的评估是独立的)”和第三段的“The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion, the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals. For instance, the average obtained from the estimates of four discussion groups of five was significantly more accurate than the average obtained from 20 independent individuals. (这项研究的关键发现是，当人群被进一步划分为允许进行讨论的小组时，这些小组的平均值比同等数量的独立个体的平均值更准确。例如，从四个五人讨论组的评估中获得的平均值明显比从20个独立个体获得的平均值更准确)”可知，人们在没有独立的情况下，分成更小群体，平均值是更准确的，说明即使在评估数字并非完全独立的情况下，准确率提高也是可以做到的。故选D。
6．What did the follow up study focus on
A．The size of the groups.
B．The dominant members.
C．The discussion process.
D．The individual estimates.
答案与解析：C　推理判断题。根据第四段的“In a follow up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion. Did they tend to go with those most confident about their estimates Did they follow those least willing to change their minds (在一项针对100名大学生的后续研究中，研究人员试图更好地了解小组成员在讨论中的实际行为。他们是否倾向于选择那些对自己的评估最有信心的人？他们是否追随那些最不愿意改变主意的人呢)”可知，在后续研究中，研究人员试图更好地了解小组成员在讨论中实际做了什么。结合两个问题，因此可知后续研究的重点是小组内的讨论过程。故选C。
7．What is the author's attitude toward Navajas' studies
A.Unclear. B．Dismissive.
C．Doubtful. D．Approving.
答案与解析：D　推理判断题。根据最后一段内容“Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain, the potential implications for group discussion and decision making are enormous. (尽管Navajas领导的研究有局限性，仍存在许多问题，但对小组讨论和决策性的潜在影响是巨大的)”可知，作者认为虽然Navajas领导的研究有局限性也存在许多问题，但对小组讨论和决策性的潜在影响巨大。因此推断作者对于Navajas的研究表示一定的赞许和支持。故选D。
Ⅲ.应用文写作
[2024·福建省高三练习卷]近日，你校英语报拟介绍学生参与社团的情况。请你结合图表信息，以“Our School Clubs”为题写一篇英语短文投稿，内容包括：
1．参与社团的情况；
2．你的看法。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Our School Clubs
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One possible version：
Our School Clubs
Aiming to enrich students' after class life, our school provides various clubs for us students. Around half of the students prefer Chinese Calligraphy and Painting Club while one fourth of them sign up for the Ping pong Club. The number of students joining the Erhu Club and other clubs accounts for 10% and 17% respectively.
We benefit a lot from our school clubs. For one thing, there are many different kinds of clubs so that we can choose whatever we are interested in. For another, attending these clubs offers us good opportunities to improve our all round abilities.练习28　阅读理解＋完形填空
授课提示：对应学生用书69页
　
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
2024·深圳市高三调研 应用文 285词 ★★☆☆☆
“You're so smart！” This encouraging response to children's math performance is commonly heard. Recently, a new study, conducted by the University of Georgia, found that encouraging children with responses related to their personal characteristics or inborn abilities might weaken their math motivation and achievement over time.
Parents who make comments linking their children's performance to personal characteristics like intelligence are using what's referred to as person responses. In contrast, parents who link their children's actions, such as efforts or strategy use, to their performance are using process responses.
For the study, researchers asked more than 500 parents to report on how they responded to their children's math performance and their math beliefs and goals. Children were assessed in two waves across a year to measure their math motivation and achievement.
The results show that parents who view math ability as changeable are more likely to give process responses focused on their children's strategy use and efforts rather than their intelligence or other personal characteristics. In contrast, parents who believe math ability is unchangeable and that math failure can't be constructive give more person responses. Parents with high expectations for their children give a combination of both responses. While responses highlighting strategy and efforts are not related to any achievement outcomes, children who receive more responses about their personal characteristics—in particular, related to failure—are more likely to avoid harder math problems, exhibit higher levels of math anxiety, and score lower on math achievement tests.
Because person responses predict poor math adjustment in children over time, researchers suggest parents limit this type of responses at home. Another recommendation for parents is to think about their own beliefs and goals for their kids and examine how these might lead them to respond in person or process ways. Simply telling parents to avoid talking about math ability may not be enough. Focusing less on how children perform and more on their strategy and enjoyment of math might be a more effective way to enhance motivation.
【语篇解读】　本文主要讲述了一项新的研究发现，用孩子们的个人特征或天生能力鼓励他们，可能会随着时间的推移削弱他们的数学动机和成就。
1．Which of the following is an example of process responses
A．You are a lucky dog.
B．Running is in your blood.
C．What works well for your study
D．Why are you such a math genius
答案与解析：C　推断。明题意：本题问“以下哪一项是过程性反馈的例子？”→寻线索：根据第二段中的“parents who link their children's actions, such as efforts or strategy use, to their performance are using process responses”可知，过程性反馈与孩子的策略应用或努力等行为相关→定答案：C项“什么对你的学习很有用呢”是对策略方面的反馈，故C项正确。
2．What can be inferred from the study results
A．Parents prefer to give more process responses.
B.Children are more likely to be affected by math anxiety.
C．Process responses help with children's math achievement.
D．Person responses can discourage children from learning math.
答案与解析：D　推断。根据第四段中的“children who receive more responses...exhibit higher levels of math anxiety, and score lower on math achievement tests”可知，接受更多个人特征相关的反馈的孩子更可能避开更难的数学题，展现出更高水平的数学焦虑，且在数学测试中得分更低。据此可以推断，个人特征相关的反馈可能会打击孩子学习数学的信心，故D项正确。
3．What do researchers advise parents to do
A．Restrict person responses.
B．Defend their own beliefs.
C．Stress children's performance.
D．Ignore children's math problems.
答案与解析：A　理解具体信息。根据最后一段中的“Because person responses predict...parents limit this type of responses at home”可知，研究人员建议家长在家里限制(减少)使用个人反馈，故A项正确。
4．Which can be a suitable title for the text
A．The Strategy Children Adopt to Learn Math Helps
B．The Way Parents Talk to Children on Math Matters
C.Responses to Enhance Children's Math Performance
D.Suggestions for Parents to Teach Their Children Math
答案与解析：B　理解文章主旨要义。根据第一段中的“encouraging children with responses related to..motivation and achievement over time”可知，用孩子们的个人特征或天生能力相关的反馈鼓励他们，可能会削弱他们的数学动机和成就；第二段介绍了家长的两种反馈模式；第三、四段讲述了相关研究；最后一段提出了一些建议，充分说明了使用正确反馈方式的重要性，故B项“父母和孩子们谈论数学的方式很重要”适合作本文的标题。
B
2024·四省高考测试 记叙文 314词 ★★★☆☆
As a young girl growing up in France, Sarah Toumi dreamed of becoming a leader who could make the world a better place. Her passion to help others was awakened when, from the age of nine, she accompanied her Tunisian father to his birthplace in the east of the country during holidays. There she organized homework clubs and activities for children.
Toumi witnessed first hand the destructive effect of desertification. “Within 10 years rich farmers became worse off, and in 10 years from now they will be poor. I wanted to stop the Sahara Desert in its tracks.”A decrease in average rainfall and an increase in the severity of droughts (干旱) have led to an estimated 75 per cent of Tunisia's agricultural lands being threatened by desertification.
Toumi recognized that farming practices needed to change. She is confident that small land areas can bring large returns if farmers are able to adapt by planting sustainable crops, using new technologies for water treatment and focusing on natural products and fertilisers (肥料) rather than chemicals.
In 2012, Toumi consolidated her dream to fight the desert. She moved to Tunisia, and set up a programme named Acacias for All to put her sustainable farming philosophy into action. “I want to show young people in rural areas that they can create opportunities where they are. Nobody is better able to understand the impact of desertification and climate change than somebody who is living with no access to water.”
By September 2016, more than 130，000 acacia trees had been planted on 20 pilot farms, with farmers recording a 60 per cent survival rate. Toumi estimates that some 3 million acacia trees are needed to protect Tunisia's farmland. She expects to plant 1 million trees by 2018. In the next couple of years, Toumi hopes to extend the programme to Algeria and Morocco.
【语篇解读】　文章讲述的是小时候Sarah Toumi和父亲去突尼斯度假，发现当地农田荒漠化很严重，后来她成立Acacias for All，想通过种植金合欢树来保护突尼斯的农田，并且初见成效。
5．How did Toumi's holiday trips to Tunisia influence her
A．They made her decide to leave the country.
B．They helped her better understand her father.
C.They fired her enthusiasm for helping others.
D.They destroyed her dream of being a teacher.
答案与解析：C　理解具体信息。明题意：本题问“Toumi去突尼斯的度假如何影响了她？”→寻线索：根据第一段中“Her passion to help others...in the east of the country during holidays”可知，当她陪着她的父亲在假期去他在该国东部的出生地时，她帮助他人的热情被唤醒了→定答案：故C项“他们激起了她帮助他人的热情”正确。
6．What is the main cause of the desertification of Tunisia's farmland
A．Low rainfall. B．Soil pollution.
C．Cold weather. D．Forest damage.
答案与解析：A　理解具体信息。根据第二段中“A decrease in average rainfall...75 per cent of Tunisia's agricultural lands being threatened by desertification”可知，平均降雨量的减少和干旱严重程度的增加导致突尼斯大约75%的农业用地受到荒漠化的威胁。故A项正确。
7．Why did Toumi set up Acacias for All in Tunisia
A.To create job opportunities for young people.
B．To help the children obtain a basic education.
C．To persuade the farmers not to use fertilizers.
D.To facilitate the protection of their farmland.
答案与解析：D　理解具体信息。根据第四段中“In 2012, Toumi consolidated her dream...put her sustainable farming philosophy into action”可知，2012年，Toumi巩固了她对抗沙漠的梦想，她搬到突尼斯，创立Acacias for All是为了将自己的可持续农业理念付诸行动，目的是促进农田保护。故D项正确。
8．Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A．Saving Water in Tunisia
B．Planting Trees of Native Species
C．Holding back the Sahara
D．Fighting Poverty in North Africa
答案与解析：C　理解文章主旨要义。首段介绍Toumi陪同父亲到了突尼斯，帮助他人的热情被唤醒了。根据第二段中“I wanted to stop the Sahara Desert in its tracks”可知，Toumi想试图阻止撒哈拉沙漠的继续恶化，接下来就开始介绍Toumi搬到突尼斯，并创立Acacias for All，想通过种植植物来保护当地农田，并且取得初步成效。故C选项“Holding back the Sahara”最适合作本文标题。
Ⅱ.完形填空
2024·石家庄市质检 夹叙夹议文 190词 ★★★☆☆
Sculpture is an important art form to highlight a country's national spirit. Chinese sculpture masterpieces __1__ parts of Chinese history for future generations to learn, and since they're __2__ art，they display vividly traditional Chinese culture.
I have been __3__ my range of sculpture creations to make them more diverse, while also making use of __4__ advantages of sculptures to have the Chinese __5__ heard. For example, I employed the universal image of the bridge to create the sculpture “ Golden Bridge on Silk Road”， and __6__ it with the Belt and Road Initiative. The __7__ I chose for my work was the Zhaozhou Bridge built 1，400 years ago. This sculpture has served as a __8__ thing for some of the important __9__ activities in China as it represents one aspect of our national spirit. It's helped __10__ the appeal of Chinese culture to present foreigners. __11__， I also made “Boat of Fate” to interpret the idea of the Chinese __12__ “people in the same boat should help each other”．
Rich traditional Chinese culture __13__ the practices of the new age has provided __14__ sources for art creation—there's no way we lack inspiration. To promote the creative development of Chinese culture, art will surely do its __15__.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者一直在扩大自己的雕塑创作范围，让世界听到中国的声音。
1．A.record B．mention
C．affect D．evaluate
答案与解析：A　考查动词词义辨析。根据下文中的“for future generations to learn”可知，中国雕塑杰作记录了(record)中国历史的一部分，以让后人了解学习。mention“提到”；affect“影响”；evaluate“评价，评估”。
2．A.creative B. visual
C．original D．popular
答案与解析：B　考查形容词词义辨析。由下文中的“display vividly”可知，由于是视觉艺术，中国雕塑杰作生动地展示了中国传统文化。creative“有创造力的”；visual“视力的，视觉的”；original“独创的，起初的”。
3．A.adjusting B. determining
C．grasping D．expanding
答案与解析：D　考查动词词义辨析。根据下文中的“to make them more diverse”可知，作者一直在扩大自己的雕塑创作范围。adjust“调整”；determine“查明，确定”；grasp“理解”；expand“扩大”。
4．A.educational B. academic
C．artistic D．political
答案与解析：C　考查形容词词义辨析。雕塑是一种艺术，根据常识可知，作者同时也在利用雕塑的艺术优势。academic“学术的”；artistic“艺术的”；political“政治的”。
5．A.music B．voice
C．language D．tune
答案与解析：B　考查名词词义辨析。根据下文内容，尤其是空后的“heard”可知，此处表示让中国声音(即态度、意见)被听到。voice“意见，态度，心声”。
6．A.equipped B. compared
C．combined D．replaced
答案与解析：C　考查动词词义辨析。结合语境和雕塑名字可知，作者在创作雕塑《丝路金桥》时，利用了桥的通用形象，并将其与“一带一路”倡议相结合。equip“配备，装备”；compare“比较”；combine“结合”；replace“替代”。
7．A.appearance B．model
C．theme D．title
答案与解析：B　考查名词词义辨析。前面提到作者创作雕塑《丝路金桥》时利用了桥的通用形象，再结合下文中的“the Zhaozhou Bridge built 1，400 years ago”可知，作者选择以1 400年前建造的赵州桥为模型。appearance“外观”；model“模型”；theme“主题”；title“标题”。
8．A.grand B. ceremonial
C．historical D．symbolic
答案与解析：D　考查形容词词义辨析。根据下文中的“as it represents one aspect of our national spirit”可知，这座雕塑曾作为在中国举办的一些重要国际活动的标志性景观。grand“宏伟的”；ceremonial“礼仪的，礼节的”；historical“(有关)历史的”；symbolic“使用象征的，作为象征的，象征性的”。
9．A.international B. nationwide
C．recreational D．citywide
答案与解析：A　考查形容词词义辨析。根据下文中的“it represents one...present foreigners”可知，此处应指在中国举办的一些重要国际(international)活动。nationwide“全国性的，遍及全国的”；recreational“娱乐的，消遣的”；citywide“全市性的”。
10．A.teach B. owe
C．offer D．exhibit
答案与解析：D　考查动词词义辨析。根据空后的“the appeal of Chinese culture to present foreigners”可知，这座雕塑展示了中国文化的魅力。exhibit“表现，显示”。
11．A.Consequently B. Eventually
C．Additionally D．Frequently
答案与解析：C　考查副词词义辨析。上文提到作者创作了《丝路金桥》，下文提到作者还创作了《命运之舟》。因此此处表示“此外”。consequently“结果，因此”；eventually“最终”；additionally“此外，另外”；frequently“频繁地”。
12．A.character B. tale
C．custom D．idiom
答案与解析：D　考查名词词义辨析。根据下文中的“people in the same boat should help each other”可知，作者还创作了雕塑《命运之舟》，以诠释中国成语“同舟共济”的思想。character“角色，性格”；tale“故事，讲述”，custom“习惯，风俗”；idiom“成语，习语”。
13．A.focused on B. coupled with
C．based on D．filled with
答案与解析：B　考查动词短语词义辨析。根据全文阐述，尤其是下文中的“there's no way we lack inspiration”可知，丰富的中国传统文化加上新时代的实践，为艺术创作提供了取之不尽的资源。be focused on“关注……”；be coupled with“加上……”；be based on“以……为基础”；be filled with“充满……”。
14．A.literary B. renewable
C．limitless D．independent
答案与解析：C　考查形容词词义辨析。参见上题解析。literary“文学的”；renewable“可更新的，可恢复的”；limitless“无穷无尽的”；independent“独立的”。
15．A.part B．work
C．service D．research
答案与解析：A　考查名词词义辨析。此处表示要推动中国文化的创新发展，艺术一定会尽自己的一份力量。do one's part“尽自己的职责”。
黄金考点
语法填空——非谓语动词
考点40 非谓语动词与谓语动词
考例 Everyone was silent, ________ (wait) to see who would be called to read his or her paragraph aloud.
点拨 主句中已经有谓语was，故可知此处应用非谓语动词。主语Everyone与wait之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系，故应用wait的 ing形式waiting。
考点41 介词后用动词 ing形式作宾语
考例 My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by ________ (sell) the fish.
点拨 介词by后应接动词 ing形式作宾语，故应用sell的 ing形式selling。练习12　阅读理解＋七选五＋应用文写作
授课提示：对应学生用书21页
　
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
2024·广东广州调研 应用文 340词 ★★★☆☆
Student Film Festival
The Student Film Festival celebrates learning across the curriculum through the exciting and dynamic medium of short film.
Through film, students can tell stories, investigate ideas, document learning in any area of study and express the complexity of their thinking through a range of genres and technical approaches.
With the creative use of digital media, students can integrate their personal perspectives to explore the diverse and challenging issues of our time.
It's open to all students, regardless of school. We are accepting submissions in the following categories ：
☆ Cartoon (up to 30 mins)
☆ Documentary (纪录片) (up to 60 mins)
☆ Music Video (under 10 mins)
☆ Science Fiction Short (up to 25 mins)
☆ Situation Comedy (under 10 mins)
☆ Web Series (up to three episodes, no more than 30 mins each)
So far, more than 20 entries have been selected across all categories. We will gradually announce the chosen entries for each category, giving you a chance to watch all the films online and vote for your favourites. Winners in all categories will be announced on Wednesday, 27 December.
Over the years, our film festivals have attracted thousands of filmmakers from around the world. Each festival features live screenings in our own school theater. Our 80 seat theater is outfitted with a 4K projector and seven speakers throughout the venue, delivering high quality in a first class screening environment. Filmmakers whose works are accepted into our festival will receive free passes to the school theater, invitations to film masterclasses, and are considered for awards.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇应用文。文章讲述了学生电影节的相关信息。
1．Which of the following can be a suitable submission to the festival
A．A 20 minute recording of a short play.
B．A two hour film recording your daily routine.
C.A five minute fun video about students' dormitory life.
D.A 22 minute educational video explaining popular science.
答案与解析：C　细节理解题。根据文中“accepting submissions in the following categories”下面提交的作品类别中的“Situation Comedy (under 10 mins)”可知，C项“一个五分钟的关于学生宿舍生活的趣味视频”与“Situation Comedy”(情景喜剧)相吻合，故选C项。A项“一个二十分钟的短剧录音”，B项“一部两小时的记录你日常生活的电影”，D项“一个二十二分钟的科普解读的教育视频”。
2．What can filmmakers do if their works are accepted
A．Receive a film award.
B.Watch films for free in the school theater.
C．Interview film masters.
D．Deliver a speech in the venue.
答案与解析：B　细节理解题。根据最后一段的“Each festival features live screenings in our own school theater”“Filmmakers whose works are accepted into our festival...and are considered for awards”可知，每次电影节，我们都会在学校剧院现场放映(电影)。作品入选电影节的电影制作人将获得学校剧院的免费入场券，电影大师班的邀请，并有机会获奖。故选B项。A项“获得一个电影奖”，B项“在学校剧院免费观看电影”，C项“采访电影大师”，D项“在会场内发表演讲”。
3．What is the text
A．A schedule for the film selecting process.
B．An invitation to a filmmakers' celebration.
C．An announcement of a film festival's awards.
D．An advertisement for an upcoming festival.
答案与解析：D　主旨大意题。纵观全文可知，本文主要介绍了学生电影节的相关信息，涉及它的目的、参赛须知等。由此可推知，本文是一个即将到来的节日的广告。故选D项。A项“一个电影选择过程的工作计划”，B项“一个电影制片人的庆祝活动邀请”，C项“一个电影节获奖公告”。
B
2024·九省联考 说明文 320词 ★★★☆☆
For lots of kids, toddlerhood (幼儿期) is an important time for friendship. Studies show that the earlier kids learn to form positive relationships, the better they are at relating to others as teenagers and adults. Playing together also helps these kids practice social behaviors, such as kindness, sharing, and cooperation.
Even so, how quickly your child develops into a social creature may also depend on his temperament (性格). Some toddlers are very social, but others are shy. In addition, the way that toddlers demonstrate that they like other children is markedly different from what adults think of as expressions of friendship. Research at Ohio State University in Columbus found that a toddler's way of saying “I like you” during play is likely to come in the form of copying a friend's behavior.
This seemingly unusual way of demonstrating fondness can result in unpleasant behavior. Regardless of how much they like a playmate, they may still grab his toys, refuse to share, and get bossy. But experts say that this is a normal and necessary part of friendship for kids this age. Through play experiences, toddlers learn social rules. That's why it's so important to take an active role in your toddler's social encounters by setting limits and offering frequent reminders of what they are. When you establish these guidelines, explain the reasons behind them.
Begin by helping your child learn sympathy (“Ben is crying. What's making him so sad？”), then suggest how he could resolve the problem (“Maybe he would feel better if you let him play the ball.”). When your child shares or shows empathy (同理心) toward a friend, praise him (“Ben stopped crying! You made him feel better.”).
Another way to encourage healthy social interaction is by encouraging kids to use words—not fists—to express how they feel. It's also important to be mindful of how your child's personality affects playtime. Kids are easy to get angry when they're sleepy or hungry, so schedule playtime when they're refreshed.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了幼儿时期友谊对儿童社交能力发展的重要性，并探讨了幼儿表达友谊的方式和可能出现的问题。同时，文章还提供了一些建议和方法，帮助家长在幼儿社交互动中发挥积极作用，培养他们的同情心和表达能力，学会发展友谊。
4．What does it indicate when toddlers copy their playmates' behavior
A．They are interested in acting.
B．They are shy with the strangers.
C．They are fond of their playmates.
D．They are tired of playing games.
答案与解析：C　细节理解题。根据第二段“In addition, the way that toddlers demonstrate that they like other children is markedly different from what adults think of as expressions of friendship. Research at Ohio State University in Columbus found that a toddler's way of saying ‘I like you’ during play is likely to come in the form of copying a friend's behavior.(此外，蹒跚学步的孩子表现出他们喜欢其他孩子的方式与成年人认为的友谊表达方式明显不同。哥伦布市的俄亥俄州立大学的研究发现，一个蹒跚学步的孩子在玩耍时说‘我喜欢你’的方式很可能是模仿朋友的行为。)”可知，蹒跚学步的孩子模仿朋友的行为说明他们喜欢玩伴，故选C项。
5．What does the author suggest parents do for their kids
A．Design games for them.
B．Find them suitable playmates.
C．Play together with them.
D．Help them understand social rules.
答案与解析：D　细节理解题。根据第三段“Through play experiences, toddlers learn social rules. That's why it's so important to take an active role in your toddler's social encounters by setting limits and offering frequent reminders of what they are. When you establish these guidelines, explain the reasons behind them. (通过游戏体验，幼儿学习社交规则。这就是在你蹒跚学步的孩子的社交活动中，通过设定限制和经常提醒它们是什么，来发挥积极作用是如此重要的原因，当您制定这些指导方针时，请解释其背后的原因。)”可知，作者建议家长在孩子的社交生活中设定限制，并且经常提醒孩子们这些限制，也就是社交规则，帮助孩子理解社交规则，故选D项。
6．What is the function of the quoted statements in Paragraph 4
A．Giving examples. B．Explaining concepts.
C．Providing evidence. D．Making comparisons.
答案与解析：A　推理判断题。根据第四段“Begin by helping your child learn sympathy (‘Ben is crying. What's making him so sad？’)首先帮助孩子学会同情(‘本在哭。是什么让他这么伤心？’)”以及“then suggest how he could resolve the problem (‘Maybe he would feel better if you let him play the ball.’)然后建议他如何解决这个问题(‘如果你让他玩球，也许他会感觉好些。’)”可知，这些引用是通过举例说明这两个建议：帮助孩子学会同情并解决问题，故选A项。
7．Which of the following is the best title for the text
A．How Children Adapt to Changes
B．How to Be a Role Model for Children
C．How Your Baby Learns to Love
D．How to Communicate with Your Kid
答案与解析：C　主旨大意题。根据第一段“For lots of kids, toddlerhood (幼儿期) is an important time for friendship. Studies show that the earlier kids learn to form positive relationships, the better they are at relating to others as teenagers and adults. Playing together also helps these kids practice social behaviors, such as kindness, sharing, and cooperation. (对很多孩子来说，蹒跚学步是建立友谊的重要时刻。研究表明，孩子们越早学会建立积极的关系，他们在青少年和成年人时期就越善于与他人建立联系。一起玩耍也有助于这些孩子练习社交行为，如友善、分享和合作。)”、第三段“Through play experiences, toddlers learn social rules. That's why it's so important to take an active role in your toddler's social encounters by setting limits and offering frequent reminders of what they are. (通过游戏体验，幼儿学习社会规则。这就是在你蹒跚学步的孩子的社交活动中，通过设定限制和经常提醒它们是什么，来发挥积极作用是如此重要的原因。)”以及最后一段“Another way to encourage healthy social interaction is by encouraging kids to use words—not fists—to express how they feel. (另一种鼓励健康社交的方法是鼓励孩子用语言而不是拳头来表达他们的感受。)”可知，本文主要讲的是家长如何帮助孩子学会爱，学会发展友谊，故选C项。
Ⅱ.七选五
2024·福建省高三质检 说明文 340词 ★★★☆☆
Science fiction television has done a lot to shape how we view the meals of the future, from an evening dinner in pill form to machines giving us any meal we desire, on demand. __1__ However, while these ideas for food creation are more than fifty years old, the way we produce and consume food has not changed very much. Even though there is enough food available today to feed the world, more than 870 million people do not have enough to eat. __2__
With the global population expected to grow to more than nine billion by 2050, demand for food will only increase. No pills or machines have solved our food problems yet.
However, agricultural science has been responsible for saving huge numbers of lives. Science and technology helped us out of starvation during the 1960s and 1970s when the world's population exploded. __3__ The result of this panic was the “green revolution”， which saw the introduction to farming of high production grains, improved irrigation systems and hybrid seeds, saving over one billion people from starvation.
__4__ Having enough food is only the first step. There are complications with natural disasters, conflict, poverty and environmental problems. All these can mean that the food supply is put at risk. __5__ Many people are concerned about “playing around with nature”， adjusting how food looks and tastes and smells, and other human interference (干预), all of which are widespread.
Anyhow, the world has not been completely saved from starvation, but we are on the way to getting there.
A．Agricultural science was quite a success.
B．There are many complexities when dealing with food.
C.Modern science and technology of food contributes a lot.
D.Nobody would ever starve if food were this easy to obtain.
E．And it is unbelievable that hunger kills more people than disease does.
F．Then there are the issues we face when it comes to food experimentation.
G．At that time scientists were genuinely worried that we would run out of food.
【语篇解读】　科幻影片中虚构的药丸形式的晚餐和按需为我们提供膳食的机器，只能是幻想。面对粮食危机，科学家们努力研究新技术提高粮食产量，改进灌溉系统。但是，自然灾害、冲突、贫穷和环境问题都将使粮食供应处于危险之中。
1．答案与解析：D　根据第一段第一句可知，科幻影片在很大程度上塑造了我们对未来饮食的看法，从药丸形式的晚餐，到按需为我们提供任何食物的机器。结合下文提及的世界上还有很多人挨饿的事实可知，空处承上启下，说明如果食物容易获得，则没有人会挨饿。故D项正确。
2．答案与解析：E　空前讲到尽管今天有足够的食物来养活全世界，但仍有超过8.7亿人没有足够的食物。据此可推知，全世界还有很多人在挨饿，空处承接上文，E项“而且难以置信的是因饥饿造成的死亡人数比疾病造成的还多”进一步说明粮食危机的严重性，故E项正确。
3．答案与解析：G　根据空前的“starvation during the 1960s and 1970s when the world's population exploded”和空后的“panic”可知，在20世纪60年代和70年代，世界人口猛增引起了科学家们对粮食问题的担忧；据此可推知，空处与此对应，说明科学家们十分担心人们会吃完现有的粮食，故G项正确。
4．答案与解析：B　空处位于该段段首，为该段主题句。根据空后的“Having enough food...environmental problems”可知，有足够的食物只是第一步。自然灾害、冲突、贫穷和环境问题是复杂的，常导致粮食危机。据此可知，该段主要陈述处理粮食危机时，有很多错综复杂的事情，故B项正确。
5．答案与解析：F　分析语境寻线索：根据下文的“Many people are concerned...which are widespread”可知，许多人担心“玩弄自然”，包括调整食物的外观、味道和气味，以及其他的人为干预等。对比选项定答案：结合常识可以推知，下文所说的是当涉及食物实验时所面临的问题，故F项“当涉及食物实验时，我们还面临着一些问题”符合语境。
Ⅲ.应用文写作
[2024·山东济南摸底]假定你是李华，下个月要赴英国参加交流活动，将寄宿在活动负责人Frank家。请给他写封邮件，内容包括：
1.咨询居住条件、交通方式等；
2.期待相见。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Frank，
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
One possible version：
Dear Frank，
I'm so grateful that you will offer your home for my accommodation next month. However, I'd like to know some detailed information.
First of all, I am wondering what you will provide in your home and what I need to bring. For example, do I need to bring an air blower Then, I'd like to know whether your home is far from where the activity will be held. What means of transport could I take to the place and how long will it take
Looking forward to your earliest reply so that I can make preparations. Hope to see you soon.
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua练习41　语法填空＋七选五＋完形填空
授课提示：对应学生用书103页
　
Ⅰ.语法填空
2024·四川模拟 说明文 210词 ★★★★☆
In November 2023, China launched a three year action plan to promote the use of bamboo as a replacement 1.________ plastic. Actually, I've been using bamboo products more often over the years.
The look and feel of bamboo are absolutely above and beyond plastic, 2.________ there must be more positive aspects to bamboo other than just aesthetics (美学). When compared to 3.________ (healthy) plastic, bamboo is a highly renewable, natural material that is biodegradable (可生物降解的) and 4.________ (become) the “green gold” of modern times in recent years because it has so many good qualities. 5.________ (live) in a time when most of our homes are filled with plastic, I think it's time to wake up to the green alternative and realize 6.________ (it) full potential as a planet protector.
This super powered plant is actually a grass and looks like a weed in terms of 7.________ quickly it can grow and where it can live. The production costs of bamboo are extremely low due to the easy 8.________ (available) of this material, and it requires almost zero adjustment 9.________ (make) when people produce bamboo products. From household objects to decorative settings, the quantity of uses bamboo has 10.________ (go) beyond your wildest dreams and I'd love to see it becoming more popular as time goes on.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。2023年11月，中国启动了“以竹代塑”三年行动计划，文章主要介绍了竹子的特点和优势。
1．答案与解析：for　2023年11月，中国启动了一项为期三年的行动计划，以促进竹子替代塑料的使用。replacement在此表示“接替者，代替物，替换品”，常与介词for搭配使用。
2．答案与解析：but/yet　竹子的外观和触感绝对在塑料之上，但竹子的好处肯定不止美学这一方面。根据句意可知，前后内容间存在转折关系，故填but/yet。
3．答案与解析：unhealthy　与有害的塑料相比，竹子是一种高度可再生的、可生物降解的天然材料。此处表示“对身体有害的，损害健康的”，故填unhealthy。
4．答案与解析：has become　句中的时间状语“in recent years”表明此处应用现在完成时，故填has become。
5．答案与解析：Living　此处表示生活在一个大多数家中都充斥着塑料的时代。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语，此处为非谓语；live与I之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，应用现在分词作状语，故填Living。注意：空处位于句首，单词的首字母应大写，否则不得分。
6．答案与解析：its　此处表示作者认为是时候认识到这一环保的替代品，并充分发挥它作为地球保护者的潜力了。分析句子结构可知，空处作定语，修饰名词potential，应用形容词性物主代词，故填its。
7．答案与解析：how　这种超级强大的植物实际上是一种草，从生长速度和生长地点来看，它和杂草很像。分析句子结构可知，空处引导宾语从句，且在从句中作方式状语，表示“多么”，故填how。
8．答案与解析：availability　竹子的生产成本极低，因为这种材料很容易得到，而且在生产竹制产品时几乎不需要对其进行调整。根据空前的“the”和空后的“of”可知，空处应用名词，故填availability。availability“可用，可得到”。
9．答案与解析：to be made　分析句子结构可知，此处考查require sb./sth. to do sth.结构，make与adjustment之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，因此，空处应用不定式的被动形式，故填to be made。
10．答案与解析：goes　从家庭用品到装饰背景，竹子的用途多得超出你的预料。分析句子结构可知，句子的主语是the quantity of uses，强调的是quantity“数量”，谓语动词应用第三人称单数；此处陈述客观情况，应用一般现在时。故填goes。beyond your wildest dreams“超乎想象的，出乎意料的”。
Ⅱ.七选五
2023·八省联考 说明文 310词 ★★★☆☆
Apps (short for applications) are becoming increasingly popular nowadays, and for good reason. They can help you out in just about every area of your life, whether it's keeping fit, communicating with friends, or even learning a language. __1__ Here's what you should think about before downloading an app for language learning.
·Learn from diverse sources (not just apps)
Any seasoned language learner will tell you that the beauty of mastering a foreign language is the world which it opens up to you. This is a world of diverse sources (来源) of information, from newspapers and books to TV, radio, music and even real people. Would you limit yourself to one medium in your native language __2__
·Establish your purpose and plan your habits
Do you want to be fluent in weeks or are you in it for the brain training The good apps are designed to help you fit your studies around your timetable. __3__ These apps encourage habit building, because the successful formation of a habit ensures your safe and regular return.
·Make it social
__4__ I mean social for real. I owe the speed of progress I made in Italian to the support from Jim, my partner in study time. Find a friend to accompany you. Take an evening class. Borrow a book. Buy a book. Book a week away and attend a language school. Just don't forget your phone!
If I may speak sincerely, the combination of app, language school, Jim, evenings out, and a choice book or two proved extremely effective. __5__
A．I recommend it.
B．Remember that an app is just a tool.
C．No, I don't mean posting your progress online.
D．I encourage you to use apps as often as you can.
E．Probably not, so why do so in your new language
F．The best apps adapt themselves based upon your behavior.
G．However, you need to know how to use them properly to really benefit.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一些在下载一款语言学习应用程序之前应该考虑的事情。
1．答案与解析：G　空前提到应用软件在生活、学习多方面让人受益，空后提到人们在下载app进行语言学习之前应该考虑一些问题。故本句与上文为转折关系，只有知道了如何合理地使用，才能真正受益。G选项中them指代上文中的Apps。
2．答案与解析：E　根据空前的问句“学习母语时，你会把自己限制在一种媒介中吗？”可知，本空应承接上文，做出回答，即“也许不会”，之后进一步提出反问“那学习新语言时为什么要如此呢？”。故选E。
3．答案与解析：F　根据空前的“好的应用软件旨在帮助你按照你的时间表来安排学习”可知，本段探讨什么是好的学习应用软件。F项“最好的应用软件可以根据使用者的行为习惯自行调整”符合语境，选项中的The best apps对应下文中的These apps。
4．答案与解析：C　根据本段的小标题Make it social以及空后的“I mean social for real.”可知，本空应该是在说明与下文意思相反的情况，C选项“不，我不是说让你把你的进展发布到网上”符合语境，I don't mean与I mean形成前后对照。故选C。
5．答案与解析：A　根据空前句以及上段可知，作者结合自己的语言学习成功案例，给出建议，并真诚推荐自己亲身经历的行之有效的方法，即各种学习方式的结合。故A项符合语境，it指代上文的combination。
Ⅲ.完形填空
2024·湖北黄冈调研 记叙文 254词 ★★★☆☆
As a kid, I remember that whenever my dad was repairing something, he would ask me to hold the hammer, so we'd have time to talk with each other.
When I left for college, my dad would __1__ me every Sunday morning. Years later, when I bought a house, my dad __2__ it in the summer heat. All he asked me to do was to __3__ his brush and talk to him. But I was too __4__ those days to talk with him.
Four years ago, there was a time when my dad was putting together a swing set for my daughter. He asked me to bring him a cup of tea and have a __5__ with him, but I had to prepare for a trip that weekend.
One Sunday morning we were talking on the phone __6__， and I noticed my dad had __7__ some things we discussed recently. I was in a hurry, so our conversation was __8__. Later that day came a call. My father had had an aneurysm (动脉瘤) and was in the hospital. __9__ I flew back and on my way I was thinking about all the __10__ opportunities to talk with my dad.
By the time I arrived, my father had __11__. Then it was he who didn't have time for a(n) __12__ with me. After his death I __13__ much more about him. All he __14__ was only my time. And now I have __15__ that nothing is more important than my company with my dear parents.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者因忙碌而没时间陪伴父亲，直到父亲去世，作者才明白子欲养而亲不待，要多多陪伴父母的道理。
1．A.witness B．call
C．instruct D．discover
答案与解析：B　根据When I left for college可知，作者上大学了，所以父亲应是通过打电话的方式跟作者联系。call意为“打电话”，符合语境。witness意为“目睹”； instruct意为“命令”； discover意为“发现”。
2．A.painted B．visited
C．repaired D．tidied
答案与解析：A　根据“All he asked me to do was to ________ his brush and talk to him.”可知，作者父亲帮助作者粉刷新买的房子。paint意为“粉刷”，符合语境。visit意为“参观”； repair意为“修理”； tidy意为“整理”。
3．A.find B．hold
C．bring D．clean
答案与解析：B　根据上文he would ask me to hold the hammer和and talk to him可知，父亲要作者做的事很简单，拿住刷子，和他说话即可。hold意为“抓住；拿住”，符合语境。find意为“发现”； bring意为“带来”； clean意为“打扫”。
4．A.upset B．happy
C．busy D．disappointed
答案与解析：C　根据表示转折的But和下文语境可知，作者忙得没有时间跟父亲说话。busy意为“繁忙的”，符合语境。upset意为“沮丧的”； happy意为“快乐的”； disappointed意为“失望的”。
5．A.talk B．meal
C．game D．walk
答案与解析：A　根据上文“so we'd have time to talk with each other”可知，父亲希望作者能够和他谈谈话。talk意为“交谈”，符合语境。meal意为“一餐”； game意为“游戏”； walk意为“散步”。
6．A.on time B．all the time
C．as well D．as usual
答案与解析：D　根据“When I left for college, my dad would ________ me every Sunday morning.”可知，作者和父亲像往常一样在星期日上午打电话。as usual意为“像往常一样”，符合语境。on time意为“准时”； all the time意为“一直”； as well意为“也”。
7．A.understood B．promoted
C．remembered D．forgotten
答案与解析：D　根据下文父亲生病可知，此处指作者注意到父亲忘记了他们最近讨论的一些事情。forget意为“忘记”，符合语境。understand意为“理解”； promote意为“促进”； remember意为“记得”。
8．A.joyful B．annoying
C．short D．delayed
答案与解析：C　根据I was in a hurry可知，那天作者比较匆忙，所以与父亲之间的谈话时间很短。short意为“短暂的”，符合语境。joyful意为“高兴的”； annoying意为“恼人的”； delayed意为“拖延的”。
9．A.Suddenly B．Immediately
C．Personally D．Fortunately
答案与解析：B　根据“My father had had an aneurysm and was in the hospital.”可知，父亲患动脉瘤住院，作者立即坐飞机赶回去。immediately意为“立即”，符合语境。suddenly意为“突然”； personally意为“亲自地”； fortunately意为“幸运地”。
10．A.missed B．valuable
C．rare D．good
答案与解析：A　结合上文几次提到与父亲的简短对话可知，作者在路上一直都在想所有那些错过了的和父亲聊天的机会。missed意为“错过的”，符合语境。valuable意为“有价值的”； rare意为“罕见的”； good意为“好的”。
11．A.passed by B．passed away
C．died out D．set off
答案与解析：B　根据下文After his death可知，作者到达时，他的父亲已经去世。pass away意为“去世”，符合语境。pass by意为“经过”； die out意为“灭绝”； set off意为“出发”。
12．A.laugh B．trip
C．adventure D．conversation
答案与解析：D　根据上文“By the time I arrived, my father had ________．”可知，作者意识到现在是父亲没时间和自己谈话了。conversation意为“交谈”，符合语境。laugh意为“大笑”； trip意为“旅行”； adventure意为“冒险”。
13．A.complained B．learned
C．cared D．guessed
答案与解析：B　根据下文“All he ________ was only my time.”可知，作者在父亲去世后更多地了解了父亲。learn意为“了解”，符合语境。complain意为“抱怨”； care意为“关心”； guess意为“猜”。
14．A.commanded B．expressed
C．requested D．reminded
答案与解析：C　根据上文提到的作者与父亲的几次交谈可知，父亲生前所有的要求或请求仅仅是让作者花时间和他聊天。request意为“要求”，符合语境。command意为“命令”； express意为“表达”； remind意为“提醒”。
15．A.concerned B．ignored
C．conquered D．recognized
答案与解析：D　根据“more important than my company with my dear parents”可知，现在作者意识到没有什么比陪伴父母更重要。recognize意为“意识到”，符合语境。concern意为“关心”； ignore意为“忽视”； conquer意为“征服”。
答题策略
语法填空——定语从句
先行词的四种情况 可选择的关系词
指人 who/that, whom, whose
指物 that, which, whose, when, why, where
指人和物 that
无先行词(指代主句全句) as, which
关系词 在从句中可作的成分
that, which, who 主语、宾语、表语
whom 宾语、表语
whose 定语
when, where, why 状语
关系词的判断步骤
①确定先行词的情况；②确定所填词在从句中的成分；③按照上边两个表格确定关系词 注意：只用that和只用which的情况练习14　七选五＋完形填空＋应用文写作
授课提示：对应学生用书33页
　
Ⅰ.七选五
2024·新课标Ⅱ卷 说明文 281词 ★★☆☆☆
Overtourism Is For Real: How Can You Help
Travel promotes understanding, expands our minds, makes us better people, and boosts local economies and communities, but the rapid growth of travel has led to overtourism in certain regions and destinations. __1__ Certainly not. The loss of what travel offers would be unacceptable in today's world. Here are some tips on making wise decisions to minimize pressure on the places we visit and improve our experience.
●Choose mindfully. Overvisited destinations are that way for a reason: they're special. With so many online posts featuring the same places, it's easy to feel like you're missing out. Go somewhere only when the landscape, culture or food deeply draws you. __2__
●Get creative. The best way to ease pressure on over touristed destinations is to go somewhere else. Though overtourism is described as a problem affecting the entire world, it's actually concentrated to a small number of extremely popular spots. That means you have tons of less visited options to choose from. __3__ Why not try a regional alternative or check out a popular destination's lesser known sights
●__4__ Minimize impact and maximize experience by skipping major holidays or rush hour. You'll compete with fewer tourists, save money, experience a different side of a popular place, and boost the economy when tourism is traditionally slower.
Visiting a place that others call home is a privilege (荣幸). Do your part to preserve what makes a destination special in the first place. __5__ You may be amazed how much closer you'll feel to the people there.
A．Visit during off peak times.
B．So, should we stop traveling
C．Travel for you and no one else.
D．Can overtourism be avoided then
E．You can still find relatively undiscovered places.
F．You'll find yourself virtually alone, or close to it.
G.Consider giving back to the communities you're visiting.
语篇类型：说明文　主题语境：人与社会——旅游——如何缓解过度旅游
【语篇解读】　本文主要介绍了缓解过度旅游的一些具体的方法：谨慎选择、有创造性、避开高峰期等。
1．答案与解析：B　根据空前的“but the rapid growth of travel has led to overtourism in certain regions and destinations”可知，旅游快速增长导致某些地区和目的地的过度旅游。再根据空后的“Certainly not. The loss of what travel offers would be unacceptable in today's world”可知，在当今世界，失去旅行提供的东西是无法接受的。由此可推断，空处应该讨论是否停止旅游这项服务。故选B项。
2．答案与解析：C　本段小标题是“谨慎选择”，再根据空前的“With so many online posts...deeply draws you”可推知，很多人盲目跟风选择旅游地，只有当目的地的景色、文化或食物真正吸引你时才去。空处在结尾处，应该紧扣本段标题和空前内容，点出选择旅行应是为自己而不是为别人。故选C项。
3．答案与解析：E　根据空前的“Though overtourism is described as a problem...That means you have tons of less visited options to choose from”可知，过度旅游只集中在少数非常受欢迎的地方，游客其实还有更多选择的空间。空后的“Why not try a regional alternative or check out a popular destination's lesser known sights？”鼓励游客去尝试一些地区性或知名度相对较低的景点旅游，以此缓解过度旅游压力。空处应承上启下，涉及游客能选择的其他地方，E项中的“undiscovered places”符合题意。
4．答案与解析：A　本文是总( Para.1)—分(Para.2至Para.4)—总(Para.5)结构，分析第二至四段的段落结构和特点(祈使句主旨句＋内容)可知，本空(位于第四段段首)应是本段主旨句。根据本段中的“skipping major holidays or rush hour”“boost the economy when tourism is traditionally slower”可知，本段建议跳过重大假期或高峰时间旅行。A项“非高峰时间去旅游”精准概括段落大意。
5．答案与解析：G　根据空前的“Do your part to preserve what makes a destination special in the first place”可知，尽自己所能去保护旅游地，再根据空后的“You may be amazed how much closer you'll feel to the people there”可推断空处应提到如何Do your part，G项“考虑为游览的社区做一些贡献”既解释了上文，又是下文的原因。
Ⅱ.完形填空
2023·新课标Ⅱ卷 记叙文 230词 ★★☆☆☆
In April last year, I saw a post on the PNP (Pilots N Paws) website from a family in Topeka. They had to move to Virginia but they were on a very tight __1__. They could not afford to pay for __2__ for their dog, Tiffy, and __3__ wanted to take her with them.
It just __4__ that I was planning another PNP flight with another pilot, Karen, who __5____ to take Tiffy from Kansas City to Virginia. What I was to do was fly to Topeka to __6__ Tiffy.
When I met Tiffy's owners, they seemed very __7__. George, the husband, was trying to be calm, but I could tell this was __8__ for him, having to leave his dog to a __9__ and trust that everything would __10__.
After some goodbyes, I asked George and his wife to help me __11__ Tiffy into the plane. I promised to take care of Tiffy and __12__ them as soon as we got to Kansas City.
The flight was __13__， and Tiffy was a great passenger. The next day, she __14__ with Karen and made it back to George in Virginia within a few days. He was so __15__ and sent me a nice e mail with pictures. It felt great to know that I had helped bring this family together again.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者通过Pilots N Paws网站帮助一家搬家的人将他们的狗接到另一个城市的过程。作者和另一位飞行员一起完成了这次任务，最终成功将这只狗带回到了它的主人身边。
1．A.turn B．budget
C．schedule D．connection
答案与解析：B　考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们不得不搬到弗吉尼亚，但他们的预算非常紧张。A.turn转折点；B.budget预算；C.schedule时间表；D.connection联系。根据“They could not afford to pay for __2__ for their dog, Tiffy，”可知，这个家庭的预算非常紧张。故选B。
2．A.food B．shelter
C．medicine D．transportation
答案与解析：D　考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们付不起他们的狗Tiffy的交通费，又非常想带她一起走。A.food食物；B.shelter庇护；C.medicine药；D.transportation交通。根据“They had to move to Virginia but they were on a very tight __1__ .”及下文可知，这个家庭的预算非常紧张，所以付不起他们的狗Tiffy的交通费。故选D。
3．A.desperately B．temporarily
C．secretly D．originally
答案与解析：A　考查副词词义辨析。句意：他们付不起他们的狗Tiffy的交通费，又非常想带她一起走。 A．desperately非常、拼命地；B.temporarily暂时地；C.secretly秘密地；D.originally起初。根据“wanted to take her with them.”可知，这家人非常想把狗一起带走。故选A。
4．A.appeared B．proved
C．happened D．showed
答案与解析：C　考查动词词义辨析。句意：碰巧我和另一名飞行员Karen正在计划另一次PNP飞行，他主动提出要把Tiffy从堪萨斯城带到弗吉尼亚。A.appeared出现；B.proved证明；C.happened碰巧；D.showed展示。根据“I was planning another PNP flight with another pilot, Karen，”可知，碰巧的是作者和另一名飞行员正在计划另一次PNP飞行。故选C。
5．A.waited B．offered
C．hurried D．failed
答案与解析：B　考查动词词义辨析。句意：碰巧我和另一名飞行员Karen正在计划另一次PNP飞行，他主动提出要把Tiffy从堪萨斯城带到弗吉尼亚。A.waited等待；B.offered提供、主动提出；C.hurried匆忙；D.failed失败。根据“to take Tiffy from Kansas City to Virginia.”可知，Karen主动提出帮忙把狗Tiffy从堪萨斯城带到弗吉尼亚。故选B。
6．A.see off B．look for
C．hand over D．pick up
答案与解析：D　考查动词短语辨析。句意：我要做的就是飞到托皮卡去接Tiffy。A.see off为……送行；B.look for寻找；C.hand over移交；D.pick up接载。根据“What I was to do was fly to Topeka”和常识可知，作者需要飞到托皮卡去接Tiffy。故选D。
7．A.confused B．nervous
C．annoyed D．curious
答案与解析：B　考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当我见到Tiffy的主人时，他们看起来很紧张。A.confused困惑的；B.nervous紧张的；C.annoyed恼怒的；D.curious好奇的。根据“George, the husband, was trying to be calm, but I could tell this was __8__ for him, having to leave his dog to a __9__ and trust that everything would __10__ .”可知，这家人看起来有点紧张和不安。故选B。
8．A.hard B．fine
C．common D．lucky
答案与解析：A　考查形容词词义辨析。句意：丈夫George试着冷静下来，但我看得出来，这对他来说很难，他不得不把狗留给一个陌生人，并相信一切都会解决的。A.hard困难的；B.fine好的；C.common常见的；D.lucky幸运的。根据上文“was trying to be calm”以及下文“having to leave his dog to a __9__ and trust that everything would __10__ .”可推知，此处指把狗留给一个陌生人对主人来说很难。故选A。
9．A.coworker B．passenger
C．stranger D．neighbor
答案与解析：C　考查名词词义辨析。句意：丈夫George试着冷静下来，但我看得出来，这对他来说很难，他不得不把狗留给一个陌生人，并相信一切都会解决的。A.coworker合作者；B.passenger乘客；C.stranger陌生人；D.neighbor邻居。根据“George, the husband, was trying to be calm, but I could tell this was __8__ for him，”可知，要把狗留给一个陌生人。故选C。
10．A.speed up B．work out
C．come back D．take off
答案与解析：B　考查动词短语辨析。句意：丈夫George试着冷静下来，但我看得出来，这对他来说很难，他不得不把狗留给一个陌生人，并相信一切都会解决的。A.speed up加速；B.work out解决；C.come back回来；D.take off起飞。根据“George, the husband, was trying to be calm, but I could tell this was __8__ for him，”可知，让狗的主人George相信一个陌生人一切都会解决好，对他来说很难。故选B。
11．A.feed B．follow
C．change D．load
答案与解析：D　考查动词词义辨析。句意：道别之后，我让George和他的妻子帮我把Tiffy送上飞机。A.feed喂养；B.follow跟随；C.change改变；D.load装载。load into装入。根据“Tiffy into the plane.”可知，作者让George和他的妻子帮忙把Tiffy装入飞机。故选D。
12．A.call B．join
C．leave D．serve
答案与解析：A　考查动词词义辨析。句意：我答应过会照顾好Tiffy，一到堪萨斯城就给他们打电话。A.call打电话；B.join加入；C.leave离开；D.serve服务。根据“as soon as we got to Kansas City.”可知，作者承诺一到堪萨斯城就给他们打电话。故选A。
13．A.unnecessary B．unexpected
C．unavoidable D．uneventful
答案与解析：D　考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这次飞行平安无事，Tiffy是个很棒的乘客。A.unnecessary没有必要的；B.unexpected意想不到的；C.unavoidable不可避免的；D.uneventful太平无事的。根据“and Tiffy was a great passenger.”可知，这次飞行一切都平安无事。故选D。
14．A.returned B．fought
C．flew D．agreed
答案与解析：C　考查动词词义辨析。句意：第二天，她和Karen一起坐飞机，几天后就回到了弗吉尼亚州的George那里。 A．returned返回；B.fought打仗；C.flew飞；D.agreed同意。根据“It just __4__ that I was planning another PNP flight with another pilot, Karen, who __5__ to take Tiffy from Kansas City to Virginia.”可知，Karen带狗Tiffy飞往弗吉尼亚州。故选C。
15．A.thankful B．generous
C．proud D．sympathetic
答案与解析：A　考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他非常感激，给我发了一封很漂亮的电子邮件，并附上了照片。A.thankful感激的；B.generous慷慨的；C.proud骄傲的；D.sympathetic同情的。通读全文，再根据“and sent me a nice e mail with pictures.”可推知，此处指对于作者的帮忙，George非常感激。故选A。
Ⅲ.应用文写作
假定你是校学生会成员，你校计划组织一次香山(Fragrant Hills)野营之旅。请你写一则宣传稿发布在校英语园地上。内容包括：
1．时间地点；
2．活动内容；
3．呼吁参加。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
One possible version：
With the aim of helping relieve our study stress, our school will stage a camping trip to the beautiful Fragrant Hills next weekend.
During the trip, a wide variety of activities ranging from hiking to flying kites to a campfire party will be organized. Additionally, outdoor professionals will be invited to give a lecture about the skills and knowledge necessary for immersion in nature, which will definitely broaden our horizons and help us better enjoy the beauties of nature.
If you are interested, don't hesitate to join us! This is a chance not to be missed.
黄金考点
语法填空——非谓语动词
考点23 作目的状语一定用to do
考例 The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice ________(improve) water quality.
点拨 根据句意可知，应用动词不定式to improve作状语，表示目的。
考点24 非谓语动词用于固定用法
考例 But unlike her school friends, 16 year old Sarah is not spending half term ________ (rest).
点拨 spend... doing sth.“花……时间做某事”，为固定用法，故填resting。练习23　七选五＋完形填空
授课提示：对应学生用书57页
　
Ⅰ.七选五
2024·南宁盐城高三模拟 说明文 239词 ★★★☆☆
Complaining is often looked at as a negative, but if you perfect it, great things can happen.
__1__ Experts insist that too much complaining will lower your empathy (共鸣) and stop you achieving your dream and living the life you want. They suggest that you cut out negativity from your life, especially people who complain.
__2__ Once we discover how to effectively integrate it, great things can happen. Dr Robin Kowalski found those who complain with the hopes of achieving a certain result tend to be happier.
Complaining also influences how people see us, creates social bonds, encourages empathy and helps create real changes. It plays a very important role in our lives and is a skill that can be extremely effective.__3__
So here are some ways to deal with complaining in a skillful way.
1．Clarify and organize your complaints. It will get your complaints across to others more easily.
2．Work out who can give you a hand.__4__Pick those who can empathize with you or help with your goal.
3．Make connections with others. It would be possible for people to know what you needed.
Conclude from specific things above, and our complaining is much more likely to be useful and effective：
·Use facts and logic.
·Identify who has the ability to make it happen.
·__5__
Whatever your complaining is, it'll make for your improvement when used correctly and effectively.
A．Get rid of your bitter complaints.
B．Don't complain to the same people.
C．Actually, complaining has a bad reputation.
D.Socialize with others to make complaints accessible.
E．However, complaining does serve as a real purpose in our lives.
F．The influences of complaining are not necessarily beneficial to us all.
G．Our goal is not to remove complaining, but make it more useful and effective.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。只要我们对被看作消极的抱怨进行完善的话就会有美好的事情发生。
1．答案与解析：C　分析语境寻线索：根据上文“Complaining is often looked at as a negative, but if you perfect it, great things can happen”可知，虽然抱怨被认为是不好的，但是如果你对其进行完善的话，其实抱怨也会让好事发生；根据空后的“Experts insist...living the life you want”可知，专家们认为抱怨是不好的→对比选项定答案：C项指出实际上抱怨的名声很差，能够概括本段的主要内容且承上启下。故选C项。
2．答案与解析：E　根据空后的“Once we discover how to effectively integrate it...achieving a certain result tend to be happier”可知，一旦我们发现如何有效地整合它，美好的事情就会发生。Robin Kowalski博士发现，那些希望取得某种结果而抱怨的人往往更快乐。由此可推断出，抱怨在我们的日常生活中确实有一些作用，E项指出抱怨在生活中确实能发挥真正的作用，符合语境。故选E项。
3．答案与解析：G　根据空前的“It plays a very important role in our lives and is a skill that can be extremely effective”可知，抱怨在生活中确实很重要；根据下文中的“So here are some ways to deal with complaining in a skillful way”可知，空后给出了一些巧妙处理抱怨的方法，空处承上启下，所以空处应该讲的是我们要学会正确对待抱怨。G项指出我们的目的不是消除抱怨，而是让它更有用、更有效，符合语境。故选G项。
4．答案与解析：B　分析语境寻线索：根据空前的“Work out who can give you a hand”可知，我们要找到能帮助自己的人；根据空后的“Pick those who can empathize with you or help with your goal”可知，我们要选择能够和自己有同感或帮助自己实现目标的人进行抱怨，空处承上启下，应该讲的是不要一直对相同的人进行抱怨→对比选项定答案：B项指出不要一直对相同的人抱怨，承接上文，引出下文。故选B项。
5．答案与解析：D　根据“Conclude from specific things above...useful and effective”可知，此处是对上文所列的三条巧妙处理抱怨的方法进行一对一总结；根据上文列出的第3条方法“Make connections with others...what you needed”可知空处所填的内容应该与社交有关，D项表示要和别人交往，从而让抱怨被人理解，符合语境。故选D项。
Ⅱ.完形填空
2024·南京六校调研 夹叙夹议文 250词 ★★★☆☆
During my freshman year at Brooklyn College, credit card companies were eager to earn the business of students. __1__ by various rewards programs that only told part of the story, many students signed up for one or more cards without understanding the __2__ of late payments.
__3__ basic financial literacy (金融素养) meant many college students started off their adult lives with poor credit. __4__， they faced challenges later in life when they needed to borrow money but couldn't __5__ a low interest loan.
Poor credit __6__ me past college and years into my teaching career. That has fuelled my sense of __7__ to teach the next generation of students about personal finance. It's why I helped develop a personal finance course for teens and young adults.
To make the class as __8__ as possible, we asked the students what __9__ interested them. They were curious to know about buying homes and cars. Our course, intended for those aged between 14 and 21, has them __10__ questions: How much do I need to save to make these purchases Which purchases do I prioritize
We, educators, can help young people __11__ life after graduation, as there are many great __12__ and developing our course was __13__ than I had expected, which is why I hope more schools and youth organizations will offer financial education.
Financial literacy shouldn't be optional because it puts those without it at a significant __14__. And if my __15__ as a student and an educator have taught me anything, it's that no one should have to learn important financial lessons the hard way.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者结合自身经历阐明教育工作者应对14岁至21岁的青少年学生进行金融素养教育，使他们免于进入大学后盲目办理信用卡而陷入信用危机，以致在以后的生活中需要借钱时却无法获得低息贷款。
1．A.Attracted B．Sponsored
C．Required D．Dominated
答案与解析：A　根据空后的“by various rewards programs”和“many students signed up for one or more cards”可知，此处表示许多学生被各种奖励计划所吸引而办理了一张或多张信用卡，故选A。attract“吸引”；sponsor“赞助”；require“要求”；dominate“控制，支配”。
2．A.conditions B．benefits
C．consequences D．processes
答案与解析：C　前文提到学生们被各种奖励计划所吸引而纷纷办理一张或多张信用卡。根据空前的without可知，此处表示在办卡的同时却不明白逾期付款的后果，故选C。condition“条件”；benefit“好处”；consequence“后果”；process“过程”。
3．A.Displaying B．Maintaining
C．Abandoning D．Lacking
答案与解析：D　根据常识可知，此处表示缺乏基本的金融知识意味着许多大学生在他们的成年生活一开始就信用不良，故选D。display“展示，陈列”；maintain“维持”；abandon“抛弃”；lack“缺乏”。
4．A.However B．Therefore
C．Otherwise D．Instead
答案与解析：B　信用不良势必会导致在需要借款时面临困难，这是因果关系，故选B。
5．A.secure B．guarantee
C．request D．settle
答案与解析：A　根据常识可知，信用不良的人是无法获得低息贷款的，故选A。secure在此作动词，意为“(尤指经过努力而)获得，得到”，属于熟词生义的用法。guarantee“保证”；request“请求”；settle“结束(争论)，解决(分歧)”。
6．A.turned B．guided
C．followed D．tricked
答案与解析：C　此处表示糟糕的信用状况一直伴随着作者大学毕业和多年的教学生涯，故选C。guide“带领，引导”；follow“跟随”；trick“欺骗”。
7．A.independence B．responsibility
C．achievement D．identity
答案与解析：B　根据下文的“It's why I helped develop a personal finance course for teens and young adults”可知，作者的信用危机激发了他向下一代学生传授个人理财知识的责任感，the sense of responsibility“责任感”，故选B。independence“独立”；achievement“成就”；identity“身份”。
8．A.touching B．surprising
C．engaging D．inspiring
答案与解析：C　根据下文的“we asked the students...interested them”并结合所给选项可知，此处表示为了使课堂尽可能吸引人，故选C。touching“动人的”；engaging“有趣的，迷人的”；inspiring“鼓舞人心的”。
9．A.words B．titles
C．courses D．topics
答案与解析：D　根据下文的“They were curious to know about buying homes and cars”可知，老师们问学生感兴趣的话题是什么，故选D。
10．A.posing B．considering
C．examining D．tackling
答案与解析：B　根据下文冒号后面的两个问句可知，此处表示理财课程要求学生思考几个问题，故选B。pose“提出，摆好姿势”；consider“考虑”；examine“检查”；tackle“处理，对付”。
11．A.search for B．pay for
C．prepare for D．care for
答案与解析：C　根据空后的“after graduation”并结合所给选项可知，此处表示作为教育者，我们可以帮助年轻人为毕业后的生活做准备，故选C。search for“搜寻”；pay for“支付……的费用”；care for“照顾”。
12．A.questions B．paths
C．examples D．resources
答案与解析：D　根据常识并结合所给选项可知，此处表示我们有很多优秀的资源，故选D。question“问题”；path“小道；途径”；example“例子”；resource“资源”。
13．A.easier B．cheaper
C．safer D．stricter
答案与解析：A　根据上文的“as there are many great __12__”可知，因为我们有很多优秀的资源，所以开发理财课程比想象的要容易，故选A。
14．A.distance B．disadvantage
C．point D．corner
答案与解析：B　根据语境可知，此处表示金融知识不应该是可有可无的，因为它会让那些没有金融知识的人处于非常不利的地位。put sb.at a disadvantage“使某人处于不利地位”，为固定短语，故选B。distance“距离”；point“要点”；corner“角落”。
15．A. duties B．abilities
C．ambitions D．experiences
答案与解析：D　根据下文的“have taught me anything”并结合所给选项可知，此处表示作者作为学生和教师的经历教会了作者什么，故选D。duty“职责”；ability“能力”；ambition“抱负”。
黄金考点
语法填空——冠词
考点32 冠词用于习惯表达
考例 During my last winter holiday, I went to ________ countryside with my father to visit my grandparents.
点拨 go to the countryside“去乡下”，为习惯表达，故在countryside前加the。
考点33 表示泛指用不定冠词
考例 For example, every morning, my dad has to have ________ bowl of egg soup while I have to eat an apple.
点拨 此处表示每天喝一碗汤，表示泛指，故需填冠词a。
考点34 表示特指用定冠词
考例 Around me in ________ picture are the things which were very important in my life at that time: car magazines and musical instruments.
点拨 此处特指“这幅图片”，故用定冠词the修饰picture。练习33　阅读理解＋读后续写
授课提示：对应学生用书81页
　
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
2024·南京市模拟 记叙文 298词 ★★★☆☆
Does your life ever feel as if you're pushing a heavy car—one on which you've spent much money and that has now broken down You've done everything right: you haven't invested heavily in a new business or quit your job to pursue your childhood dream of becoming a professional athlete. You have been a sensible adult living your sensible life. So why does it feel like such hard work
This has been me for the past few months. Earlier this year, I took a long hard look at my sources of income and decided to focus on the ones that provided the most money. I'm lucky enough to have had a good financial year. But despite doing the right thing, it has used up my energy and I've worked out why.
Years ago, I realized that I disliked hard work. Don't get me wrong. I don't mind working hard, but hard work isn't for me. What's the difference For a start, hard work feels as if it never really gets going. You can push hard work and it might move a little but there's no celebratory moment when it gets done. Most importantly, hard work lacks joy. Working hard on a project you feel excited and moved by can be tiring and difficult, but it's ultimately joyful and that is what I've been missing.
So I asked myself what would feel scary but joyful and this is the answer. I'm going to write a romance. Of course, being a middle aged journalist who suddenly decides to write a book is nothing novel. However, for me, it hits the sweet spot between being joyful enough to make me want to do it and scary enough to make me feel it's worthwhile.
As with all good middle aged changes, this one hasn't really been thought through. I know little about writing fiction and even less about what makes a good book. I have the thinnest ideas for a plot but, for the first time in a while, I'm excited, I will be another Jane Austen with my fantasies which give me life. So now, I have to go and sharpen my pencil.
【语篇解读】　作者发现在一个让自己感到兴奋和感动的项目上努力工作可能会很累、很困难，但最终是快乐的，这是作者一直错过的工作和生活，后来，作者决定尝试写一本书，虽然这不是什么新鲜事，却让作者第一次感受到了兴奋。
1．What can best describe the author's current feeling about life
A．A new business makes her feel fresh.
B．She has got everything under her control.
C．She is conflicted about living a sensible life.
D．A childhood dream inspires her to make more efforts.
答案与解析：C　推断。根据第一段的“You have been a sensible adult living your sensible life. So why does it feel like such hard work？”可知，作者对理智的生活感到矛盾，故C项正确。
2．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to
A．Living a rather sensible life.
B．Identifying income sources.
C．Discovering new life goals.
D．Sorting out the author's jobs.
答案与解析：A　理解词汇。根据第一段的“You have been a sensible adult...such hard work？”以及第二段的“This has been me...decided to focus on the ones that provided the most money...despite doing the right thing”可知，第二段画线词it指的是过着理智的生活，故A项正确。
3．What's the author's understanding of hard work and working hard
A．Journalism is a career worth working hard.
B．Hard work is something either sweet or tiring.
C.Writing a romance is difficult but rewarding.
D．Working hard rarely brings about satisfaction.
答案与解析：C　理解具体信息。根据倒数第二段的“However, for me, it hits the sweet spot between being joyful enough to make me want to do it and scary enough to make me feel it's worthwhile”可知，作者认为写浪漫小说很难，但是非常值得，故C项正确。
4．What is probably the best title for the text
A．Dare to attempt
B．Middle aged job crisis
C．The celebratory moment
D．A future Jane Austen
答案与解析：A　理解文章主旨要义。作者感到生活不如意，在勇敢尝试写小说后，找到了人生的乐趣，与A项“Dare to attempt”意义一致，故A项正确。
B
2024·沈阳市质检 说明文 304词 ★★★☆☆
A few days before New Year 1944, Patricia Krueger received a telegram from the U．S. Army. She hoped it would contain a belated birthday greeting from her husband, an army flight engineer, Charles Krueger, whom she had not heard from for 2 weeks. Instead, the message said he wasn't coming home: His B 29 had been lost and he was later declared MIA (missing in action). Their son, John Krueger from Middleton, Wisconsin, is still in tears when he recounts this story.
Decades later, the military continues to work to bring back the remains of soldiers like Charles Krueger. The job of finding them falls to DPAA (Defense POW/MIA Accounting Agency), created in 2015 after critics charged that the previous MIA search process was slow, and behind on innovations in science and technology. Between 1973 and 2014, the remains of only 1，849 missing service members were returned to their families; in 2021, the agency accounted for the remains of 141 MIAs, according to DPAA figures.
To accelerate the work, Congress gave DPAA the authority to develop public private partnerships with scientists and groups outside the government. “Teaming up with academic scientists introduces new ways of thinking，” says military historian Michael Dolski. “Working with partners allows us to tap into their technologies and capabilities in ways that we just can't maintain.”
For scientists, the work is more than technically satisfying. “It's the most rewarding aspect of my career，” says Mires, a scientist working with the agency. “In other archaeology sites I've worked on, the history is remote，” he says. “Here, you're doing something not for a thing, but for a person, and all the people they touched.”
【语篇解读】　本文主要介绍了人们利用新技术寻找战斗中失踪人员的情况。
5．What was the telegram about in Paragraph 1
A．A New Year dinner.
B．Charles Krueger's disappearance.
C．A birthday greeting.
D．John Krueger's memory.
答案与解析：B　理解具体信息。根据第一段中的“Instead, the message...MIA (missing in action)”可知，这条消息说他不会回家了：他的B 29失踪了，后来他被宣布为战时失踪人员；据此可知，第一段的电报是关于Charles Krueger失踪的事。
6．Why did people criticize the previous MIA search process
A．Because DPAA wants to continue the search.
B．Because it took long and lacked creativeness.
C．Because the work was stopped by the military.
D.Because 141 MIAs' remains were found in 2021.
答案与解析：B　理解具体信息。根据第二段中的“The job of...science and technology”可知，寻找战时失踪人员的工作落在了DPAA身上，该机构成立于2015年，此前批评人士指责之前的失踪人员搜寻过程缓慢，缺乏科学技术创新。据此可知，人们批评之前的失踪人员搜寻过程是因为其需要的时间长，而且缺乏创造性。
7．What is Michael Dolski's attitude to the cooperation with scientists and groups
A．Patient. B．Critical.
C．Doubtful. D．Approving.
答案与解析：D　理解观点、态度。根据第三段中的“Teaming up with...of thinking”“Working with...we just can't maintain”可知，Michael Dolski认为，与学术科学家合作引入了新的思维方式；与合作伙伴一起工作使我们能够利用他们的技术和能力。据此可以推知，Michael Dolski对与科学家和团体的合作持支持态度。故选D项。
8．What is a suitable title for the text
A．A long search for MIAs
B．Achievements of DPAA
C．Assistance from science
D．Consequences of wars
答案与解析：A　理解文章主旨要义。根据第二段中的“Decades later, the military...in science and technology”可知，几十年后，军方仍在努力找回像Charles Krueger这样的士兵的遗骸，批评人士指责之前的失踪人员搜寻过程缓慢，缺乏科学技术创新。根据第三段中“To accelerate the...groups outside the government”可知，为了加速这项工作，国会授权DPAA与政府以外的科学家和团体建立公私合作伙伴关系。据此可知，文章主要介绍了搜寻战斗中失踪人员的情况及为此所做的努力。故本文的最佳标题为A项“对战斗中失踪人员的长期搜寻”。
Ⅱ.读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
[2024·安徽六校入学测试]At the table sat my four year old son Matthew, legs swinging in the air and chin in hand. I stared aimlessly out of the window, trying to ignore the ache in my belly. “Mama, can you play with me？”“Not today, honey，” I shook my head. Still recovering from an operation, I could barely get out of bed these days. I hoped for strength and happiness. But the future seemed so hopeless.
All of a sudden, Matthew jumped up from his spot on the kitchen floor. “Bird！” he shouted, rushing to our courtyard. Sure enough, there was a white dove seated in a rubber tree. It sat there for a few moments, and then flew away. Strange, I'd never seen one in our neighborhood before.
When I dragged myself to the kitchen the next morning, the dove was back, this time with a mate carrying twigs. “Look, Matthew，” I said, pointing to the tree. “They're going to make a nest.” The doves flew in and out of the courtyard all week, building on top of the rubber tree.
Matthew could hardly contain his excitement. Every morning, he'd run into the kitchen and take his spot by the sliding glass door, talking to the birds while they worked. His enthusiasm was influential. As much as I was grieving, I couldn't help but look forward to the doves' visits as well.
Then it all went wrong. The courtyard was a spot safe enough for a nest, but the rubber tree's broad, thin leaves were far from stable. One night, a strong wind blew, throwing the doves' nest to the ground. I heard the twigs break apart.
I surveyed the damage. Nothing good ever lasts. I wouldn't blame the doves if they never came back. But they returned. And they paid no attention to the pile of sticks that had once been their nest. They started again from scratch. Again, though, the wind destroyed all their hard work. The next day, and the next, they renewed their efforts, as if nothing had happened.
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
I knew I had to do something.
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“It works! The birds are back！” Matthew announced.
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One possible version：
I knew I had to do something.The white dove and its mate had given me something to look forward to, even in my darkest days. Now it was time that I came to their assistance in return. I woke up the following morning with a plan. There was only an hour before the doves usually made their visits. I hammered a shelf into the wall next to the rubber tree and covered it with leaves to make it look like a tree. Then Matthew and I stood by the sliding glass door, waiting and hoping.
“It works! The birds are back！” Matthew announced. There they were sitting on the top of the shelf, adding some twigs to the new nest despite damage from the strong wind. Three weeks later, we watched three chicks break free from their shells. “Chirp, chirp！” Matthew sang. I held him close and kissed him, feeling more positive and hopeful than I had been in months.It was then that I realized all around me, life went on. And it was filled with wonders and surprises that I couldn't even imagine.
黄金考点
语法填空——比较级
考点50 形容词比较级
考例 This car is too small. I want a ________ (large) one.
点拨 这辆轿车太小，我想要更大的轿车。有比较意味，故应填larger。
考点51 最高级与比较级
考例 They were also the best and ________ (bad) years in my life.
点拨 并列连词and连接并列结构。有比较范围in my life，所以要用最高级，故应填最高级worst，与best并列。练习32　语法填空＋七选五＋完形填空
授课提示：对应学生用书79页
　
Ⅰ.语法填空
2024·济南市检测 说明文 190词 ★★★☆☆
Today, giant pandas are considered to be one of the world's best known animals. People make huge efforts 1.________ (protect) them and luckily their efforts are paying off in some areas. 2.________ (global) recognized as a leading symbol of both China and nature conservation in general, giant pandas are popular in the world. But global interest in the animal only 3.________ (take) off in the 20th century.
The inspiration for WWF's logo (标识) came from Chi Chi, 4.________ giant panda that was living at London Zoo in 1961 when WWF was founded. Being aware of the need for a remarkable symbol to break through all language barriers, one of WWF's 5.________ (founder) agreed to make the big furry panda with her distinctive black and white coat a great logo. The first pieces 6.________ were done by the British environmentalist and artist Gerald Watterson became modestly successful. Later, 7.________ (base) on these drafts, Sir Peter Scott, drew the first logo. He said at the time, “We want an animal that is beautiful and endangered, and is loved for its 8.________ (attract) qualities. We also want an animal that is black and white to cut printing costs. To our relief, we make 9.________ eventually.”
The panda has ever since become a symbol not just for WWF, 10.________ for the conservation movement as well.
【语篇解读】　本文主要介绍了大熊猫被公认为中国和自然保护的象征的由来。
1．答案与解析：to protect　非谓语动词。分析句子结构并结合语境可知，此处是非谓语动词短语作目的状语，故填动词不定式形式。句意：人们付出了巨大的努力来保护它们，而且幸运的是，他们的努力在一些地区得到了回报。
2．答案与解析：Globally　副词。空处修饰过去分词recognized，应用副词作状语，注意单词的首字母应大写。句意：大熊猫被全球公认为是中国和自然保护的主要象征，在世界上很受欢迎。
3．答案与解析：took　动词的时态。短语take off作谓语，根据时间状语“in the 20th century”可知，应用一般过去时。
4．答案与解析：a　冠词。空处修饰单数名词giant panda，表泛指，应用不定冠词，giant的发音以辅音音素开头。
5．答案与解析：founders　名词单复数。根据空前的one of可知，应用名词的复数形式，故填founders。
6．答案与解析：that　定语从句。句意：英国环保主义者和艺术家杰拉尔德·沃特森(Gerald Watterson)的第一批作品取得了一定的成功。分析可知，空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词pieces，关系词在从句中作主语并且先行词前面有序数词修饰，应用that。
7．答案与解析：based　非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处作非谓语。be based on “基于”，故用过去分词短语作状语，故填based。
8．答案与解析：attractive　形容词。空处修饰名词作定语，应用形容词。
9．答案与解析：it　固定搭配。make it “获得成功”，是固定短语。
10．答案与解析：but　连词。not just...but...“不仅……而且……”，是固定用法。句意：从那时起，大熊猫不仅成为世界自然基金会的象征，而且也成为保护运动的象征。
Ⅱ.七选五
2024·湖北联考 议论文 250词 ★★★☆☆
Review Our Worries
We spend a lot of our lives worrying, but there's one basic thing we almost never remember to do: __1__ For example, one week, we might be worried about running out of money, the next about having offended a friend, and the third about being brought down by a rumour on social media. The worries go on and on, shifting unstoppably from one target to another. __2__
What we seldom spend time doing is pausing to compare the scale of the worry with what actually happened in the end. We are too taken up with the next worry to return for a composed review.
However, if we force ourselves to perform one, a strange discovery is likely to dawn on us. __3__ We almost lost our minds to worry, but we didn't run out of money in the end, our friend wasn't offended, and so on. __4__ A famous writer's saying comes to mind：“I have known many troubles, most of which never happened.”
__5__ If we got it so wrong in the past, we're highly likely to get it wrong now too. Of course, we're convinced that this is really and truly the end, and such a certainty was with us in many other situations which we appear to have sailed through well enough.
Perhaps the world is not quite as awful as we assume. Perhaps most of the drama is ultimately unfolding in a place we need to explore and heal as fast as we can: our own minds.
A．Our worries are nearly always out of line with reality.
B．They ruin our precious time on Earth in the process.
C.Ignore our worries and focus on more productive things.
D．Go back and check how our worries matched up to reality.
E．We might say that only 1% of our worries truly become awful.
F．Our worries are caused by external factors beyond our control.
G．We should use the data about the unreliability of our fears as a guide to the future.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇议论文。人们在很多时候都处在焦虑中，但焦虑的事情可能从不会发生，因此解放思想、释放焦虑是正道。
1．答案与解析：D　空前讲人们虽然花了很多时间担心，但有一件基本的事情我们几乎从来没有记得去做，故空处应说没做的事情；空后指的是无端的担心总也不断。结合所给选项可知，D项符合语境，指的是人们从来不回头看看自己的担忧与现实是否相符。
2．答案与解析：B　该空前句话指的是“担忧持续不断，不可阻挡地从一个目标转移到另一个目标”，选项B“在这个过程中，他们毁掉了我们生命中的宝贵时间”说明了这样会造成的后果，符合语境。B项中的They指代的是空前的The worries，故选B。
3．答案与解析：A　该空后面的内容指的是“我们担心得都快发疯了，但是我们最后并没有花光钱，我们的朋友也没有被冒犯等等”，由此可知，该空应表示我们担心的事情几乎总是与现实脱节，故选A。
4．答案与解析：E　该空后面引用了名人名言，意为“我知道很多麻烦，其中大部分不会发生”，此句话是对该空的进一步说明。由此可知，选项E符合语境，指的是只有1%的忧虑真正变得可怕，即很少焦虑会成为现实，故选E。
5．答案与解析：G　该空后面说的是“如果我们过去犯了严重的错误，我们现在很可能也会犯同样的错误。当然我们应确信这是真正的结束”。由此可知，选项G“我们应该用这些关于我们恐惧的不可靠性的数据来作为对未来的指引”符合语境，故选G。
Ⅲ.完形填空
2024·金丽衢联考 记叙文 280词 ★★★☆☆
It's been nearly seven years.
In 2016, a group of volunteers began their __1__ of the land at What Cheer Flower Farm in Rhode Island, with a simple __2__： get flowers into the hands of anyone in need of a pick me up. __3__ each one of the tens of thousands of bunches of flowers that What Cheer grows and delivers is __4__ free of charge.
“We want to blanket the state with flowers and bring __5__ to people，” says Erin Achenbach, What Cheer's farmer and head florist. What Cheer regularly delivers __6__ joy to people at recovery centers, food banks, senior centers, local __7__ and more including AIDS Care Ocean State.
“Seeing the smiles on people's faces who didn't __8__ it when they just came in to have a meeting with their case manager or seeing the __9__ of those who take advantage of one of our programs is great，” says Stephen from AIDS Care Ocean State.
Located in a __10__ industrial neighborhood, What Cheer's flower beds lie on 2.7 acres that once housed a crumbling knife factory. And it's safe to say that the What Cheer crew __11__ some flowers of their own: In May, the nonprofit was awarded a record high $500，000 grant from the Environmental Protection Agency for its continued __12__ of a brownfield site once abandoned because of industrial pollution.
“Not only do we give this space back to the __13__ by bringing life to space that's quite literally dead，”says Achenbach，“but we're eco landing the spot with the ability to help with the __14__ of local insects and birds, and that'll only make people's lives better.”
“What's good about a flower is that it needs __15__ else，” she adds.“Your only job when someone gives you flowers is to enjoy them.”
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了2016年一群志愿者来到因工业污染而废弃的旧厂区，成立了What Cheer Flower Farm，免费向人们送花。他们的努力不仅给人们带去了快乐，也让当地恢复了生机、昆虫鸟类数量也得到了提升，最终使人们的生活更美好了。
1．A.career B．exploration
C．control D．study
答案与解析：B　根据下文内容可知，2016年，一群志愿者来到这片废弃的土地并开始了对这片土地的探索(exploration)。career“生涯，职业”。
2．A.access B．manner
C．track D．goal
答案与解析：D　根据冒号可知，空后内容是对本空的阐释。根据空后讲的“get flowers into the hands of anyone in need of a pick me up”(把花送到任何需要提神的人手中)和下文故事可知，这是What Cheer的目标(goal)。access“入口，通道，权利”；manner“态度，举止，礼貌，方式”；track“小道，小径，踪迹，足迹”。
3．A.Furthermore B．However
C．Accordingly D．Likewise
答案与解析：A　该组织把花送到任何需要提神的人手中和每束花都是免费的之间是递进关系，故用Furthermore。accordingly“相应地，因此”；likewise“同样地，类似地”。
4．A.mainly B．regularly
C．entirely D．partly
答案与解析：C　根据上文中的“a group of volunteers”和下文中的“the nonprofit”“Your only job when someone gives you flowers is to enjoy them.”可知，What Cheer的花是完全(entirely)免费的。regularly“定期地，有规律地”；partly“部分地，在某种程度上”。
5．A.closeness B．happiness
C．kindness D．freshness
答案与解析：B　根据下文中的“regularly delivers __6__ joy to people”“Seeing the smiles on people's faces”和“Your only job when someone gives you flowers is to enjoy them.”可知，Erin Achenbach想要给人们带去快乐(happiness)。closeness“亲密，接近”；freshness“新鲜”。
6．A.freezing B．inviting
C．fading D．blooming
答案与解析：D　根据上文可知，What cheer送给人们的是花；根据常识可知，这是将鲜花盛开的(blooming)喜悦送给了人们。
7．A.hospitals B．stadiums
C．auditoriums D．libraries
答案与解析：A　根据空前的“recovery centers, food banks, senior centers”、空后的“and more including AIDS Care Ocean State”和选项可知，应选hospitals以符合帮助需要提神的人的目的。stadium“体育场，运动场”；auditorium“观众席，礼堂，会堂”。
8．A.miss B．spoil
C．expect D．reject
答案与解析：C　根据下文中的“when they just came in to have a meeting with their case manager”可知，这些人来医院的时候并没有预料(expect)到能收到花。spoil“破坏，糟蹋，溺爱”；reject“拒绝，否决(提议、建议或请求)”。
9．A.grace B．gratitude
C．glory D．generosity
答案与解析：B　结合常识可知，这些人来利用项目的时候应是洋溢着感激(gratitude)之情。grace“优美，优雅”；gratitude“感激之情，感谢”；glory“光荣，荣誉”；generosity“慷慨，大方”。
10．A.developed B．restored
C．ruined D．deserted
答案与解析：D　根据下文中的“once housed a crumbling knife factory”和“a brownfield site once abandoned”可知，这是一个废弃的(deserted)工厂。restored“精神恢复的”；ruined“毁坏的，严重受损的”。
11．A.deserve B．refuse
C．demand D．plant
答案与解析：A　根据上文中的故事和下文中的“the nonprofit was awarded a record high $500，000 grant”可知What Cheer员工所做的慈善之举受到了奖励，他们自己也值得得到鲜花。deserve“值得”。
12．A.enlargement B．damage
C．improvement D．pursuit
答案与解析：C　根据下文中的“bringing life to space that's quite literally dead...make people's lives better”可知，What Cheer持续改善着(improvement)这片一度因工业污染而废弃的棕色地带。enlargement“扩大，扩充，扩展”；damage“损坏，破坏，损失”；pursuit“追求，寻找”。
13．A.company B．community
C．organization D．association
答案与解析：B　此处考查词义复现。根据空后的“bringing life to space that's quite literally dead... help with the __14__ of local insects and birds...make people's lives better”可知，空处指的是全面提升了当地社区(community)的情况，即上文中提到的“industrial neighborhood”(工业街区)。
14．A.migrations B. reductions
C．locations D．populations
答案与解析：D　根据上文中的“bringing life to space that's quite literally dead”和“we're eco landing the spot”可以推断，What Cheer帮助提升了当地昆虫和鸟类的数量(populations)。migration“迁移，移居，迁徙”；reduction“减少，缩小，降低”；location“地方，地点，位置”。
15．A.nothing B．everything
C．anything D．something
答案与解析：A　根据空后的“Your only job when someone gives you flowers is to enjoy them.”可知，花的好处就在于它不需要别的东西(nothing)，你需要做的就是当别人给你花时欣赏它们。
黄金考点
语法填空——词义辨析
考点47 other与another的区别与应用
考例 The first time I went there, they were living in a small house with dogs, ducks, and ________ animals.
点拨 表示“其他的动物”，用other修饰animals, 故应填other。
考点48 late，later和latest的区别与运用
考例 I was so nervous that I could hardly tell which direction was left. A few minutes ________ (late), the instructor asked me to stop the car.
点拨 句意表示“几分钟过后”，故应填later。
考点49 besides与beside的区别
考例 They have also bought some gardening tools. ________， they often get some useful information from the Internet.
点拨 besides意为“此外，而且”；beside是介词，意为“在……旁边”， 应填Besides。练习9　单句语法填空＋阅读理解
授课提示：对应学生用书20页
　
Ⅰ.单句语法填空(名词和代词)
1．[2024·山东青岛期中模拟]As a natural entertainer with an inexhaustible ________ (curious) about the world, he said he'd be happy to dress up as a clown if it could get children interested in science.
答案与解析：curiosity　句意为：作为一个对世界有着永不枯竭的好奇心的天生艺人，他说，如果能让孩子们对科学感兴趣，他很乐意装扮成小丑。设空处在从句中作介词with的宾语，应用名词，curiosity意为“好奇心”时是不可数名词或常用单数，且根据空前的an可知，应用单数形式。故填curiosity。
2．[2024·河北石家庄二中月考]Films such as The Martian enjoy worldwide ________ (popular), especially among the youngsters in their thirties.
答案与解析：popularity　句意为：像《火星救援》这样的电影在全世界都很受欢迎，尤其是在30多岁的年轻人当中。设空处作动词enjoy的宾语，应用名词，且popularity为不可数名词。故填popularity。
3．[2024·四川广安一诊]Chinese parents are glad that the government is stepping in to help ________ (they) control their children's interest in games.
答案与解析：them　句意为：中国父母很高兴政府能介入，帮助他们控制孩子对游戏的兴趣。空处作动词help的宾语，应用代词they的宾格形式。故填them。
4．[2024·北京石景山区期末]My father told me, “When your forefinger points at others' back, you have other three fingers pointing at ________ (you) and you will be fought back with triple power.”
答案与解析：yourself　句意为：父亲告诉我：“当你用食指指着别人背部的时候，你(也在)让另外三个手指指着自己，而且你会受到三倍力量的回击。”根据句意可知，设空处所在句的动作的实施者和承受者都是“自己”，应用反身代词作介词at的宾语。故填yourself。
5．The above views may or may not be correct. They are only for your ________ (refer).
答案与解析：reference　以上观点可能正确，也可能不正确，仅供参考。your为形容词性物主代词，后应接名词，故填reference。
6．When ________ comes to diet and exercise, we know what to do, but we don't do what we know.
答案与解析：it　当谈到节食和锻炼时，我们知道要做什么，但是我们没有按照我们知道的去实践。when it comes to...为固定用法，意为“当谈及……的时候”，故填it。
7．It was difficult to save the palaces and buildings without destroying ________ (they) old beauty.
答案与解析：their　拯救这些宫殿和建筑物时要不破坏它们原有的美很不容易。修饰名词短语old beauty应用形容词性物主代词，故填their。
8．Honesty is the foundation to behave ________ (one) and start one's career.
答案与解析：oneself　诚信是立身处世和开创事业的基础。behave oneself为固定搭配，意为“举止规矩”，故填oneself。
9．I dislike ________ when people talk with their mouths full.
答案与解析：it　我不喜欢人们在满嘴食物时讲话。主句谓语dislike是表示爱憎类的动词，when表示“当……的时候”，引导状语从句，此处用it指代people talk with their mouths full，作宾语。有同样用法的表示爱憎类的动词还有like，hate，appreciate等。
10．She encourages others to make their own choices, and to respect ________ (she), too.
答案与解析：hers　她鼓励其他人作出自己的选择，并且也尊重她自己的选择。由句意可知，该空应表示她自己的(选择)，作宾语，应用名词性物主代词，故填hers。
Ⅱ.阅读理解
A
2024·九省联考 应用文 320词 ★★☆☆☆
Yellowstone Poster Exhibition to Be
on View at UW's Coe Library
A first of its kind exhibition that focuses on the history of Yellowstone National Park posters will be on display at the University of Wyoming's Coe Library beginning Tuesday, February 1.
“Wonderland Illustrated” will present posters and poster style illustrations of the park spanning from the 1870s through 2022. The exhibition will be located on Level 3 of Coe Library. It will be on view through Tuesday, May 31.
The exhibition takes place at the same time as this year's 150th anniversary of the creation of Yellowstone National Park. The posters in the exhibition serve the purpose of both advertising and art.
“We're thrilled to be working with Yellowstone collectors Jack and Susan Davís, and Larry and Thea Lancaster to bring this exhibition to the University of Wyoming as part of year long celebrations recognizing Yellowstone's 150th anniversary，” says Tamsen Hert, head of UW Libraries' Emmett D. Chisum Special Collections. “This exhibition involves the history of printing, art, photography and advertising over 16 decades. The images reproduced are found on travel brochures, postcards and maps—many of which are held in our collections.”
One poster from the exhibition—Henry Wellge's “Yellowstone National Park” from 1904—was recently purchased with donated funds and is now part of UW Libraries' Emmett D．Chisum Special Collections. Wellge, a productive bird's eye view artist, designed the piece for the Northern Pacific Railroad, which used it to advertise the park. This is a unique piece, as posters such as this one were printed on soft paper and very few have survived.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了黄石海报展览的时间安排以及特色等信息。
1．How long will the exhibition “Wonderland Illustrated” last
A．Two weeks. B．Three months.
C．Four months. D．One year.
答案与解析：C　细节理解题。根据第一段“A first of its kind exhibition that focuses on the history of Yellowstone National Park posters will be on display at the University of Wyoming's Coe Library beginning Tuesday, February 1. (从2月1日星期二开始，怀俄明大学柯伊图书馆将举办一场首次以黄石国家公园历史海报为主题的展览。)”以及第二段“It will be on view through Tuesday, May 31.(展览将持续到5月31日星期二。)”可知，“仙境画报”展览将持续四个月。故选C。
2．What is a purpose of the exhibition
A．To remember a famous artist.
B．To raise fund for Coe Library.
C．To mark the anniversary of a national park.
D.To tell the history of the University of Wyoming.
答案与解析：C　细节理解题。根据第四段“We're thrilled to be working with Yellowstone collectors Jack and Susan Davís, and Larry and Thea Lancaster to bring this exhibition to the University of Wyoming as part of year long celebrations recognizing Yellowstone's 150th anniversary (我们很高兴能与黄石收藏者杰克和苏珊·戴维斯以及拉里和西娅·兰开斯特合作，将这次展览带到怀俄明大学，作为纪念黄石公园150周年的为期一年的庆祝活动的一部分)”可知，展览的目的是纪念一个国家公园的周年纪念。故选C。
3．What do we know about the 1904 poster Henry Wellge designed
A．It is rare in the world.
B．It is in black and white.
C．It is printed on cloth.
D．It is owned by a professor.
答案与解析：A　细节理解题。根据最后一段“This is a unique piece, as posters such as this one were printed on soft paper and very few have survived.(这是一件独特的作品，因为像这样的海报是印在软纸上的，很少有留存下来。)”可知，1904年亨利·韦尔奇设计的海报在世界上很罕见。故选A。
B
2024·盐城市模拟 说明文 318词 ★★★☆☆
This year saw the publication, in stages, of the sixth report by the UN's Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)—a report which was depressing reading for many climate scientists, and in some ways offered a ray of hope.
Why is it depressing Because the report confirmed what scientists have been saying for years: that human activity, particularly in the form of emissions (排放) of greenhouse gases, is responsible for the warming in the past few centuries, and that unless such emissions are greatly reduced, we will in the future bring about our entire ecosystem's destruction.
The report concluded that 1.5℃ of global warming over the next couple of hundred years is already “baked__in”. This makes the goals outlined in the 2015 Paris Agreement—that nations agreed to keep warming below 2℃， and hopefully below 1.5℃—much harder to meet. Worse still, the IPCC report was followed later in the year by the COP27, described by Prof Dann Mitchell, as “a complete failure, other than some commitment to loss and damage”．
And the ray of hope The IPCC's sixth report was broader in the approach than previous studies—taking an in depth look for the first time at the role played in warming by short term greenhouse gases such as methane (甲烷), for instance.
“Reducing carbon emissions is always the best approach: stop the problem at its source，” said Mitchell.“But we also need other approaches to help with this. Methane is important, but it's so short lived—that's why we haven't been so bothered when compared with CO2.”
The IPCC working groups showed potential adaptation paths, and they are the other things we can do in terms of fighting climate change and relieving its worst effects, rather than simply reducing carbon emissions. This would include taking measures such as switching to a more plant based diet (to reduce methane emissions), controlling population growth, reducing financial inequality and developing means by which we might remove CO2 that's already in our atmosphere, rather than simply preventing it being released.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要分析了联合国政府间气候变化专门委员会(IPCC)发布的第六份气候变化报告，首次研究分析短期温室气体在变暖中的作用，呼吁找到减缓气候变暖的科学方法。
4．Which of the following can best describe the sixth report by the IPCC
A．Seemingly contradictory.
B．Wholly promising.
C．Particularly hopeless.
D．Exceptionally new.
答案与解析：A　推理判断题。根据第一段“This year saw the publication, in stages...in some ways offered a ray of hope.”可知，这份报告既让人沮丧，又给人一线希望，由此可以推断，该报告似乎有些矛盾。故A项正确。
5．What does the underlined phrase “baked in” in Paragraph 3 mean
A．Out of date. B．To the full.
C．Under discussion. D．In progress.
答案与解析：D　理解词汇题。根据第三段中的“This makes the goals outlined in the 2015 Paris Agreement...below 1.5 ℃—much harder to meet.”可知，此处是描述短语所在的句子中的内容产生的结果：使得2015年《巴黎协定》中概述的目标更难实现了。这说明短语所在的句子陈述的内容已经存在，间接造成《巴黎协定》的目标更难实现，所以该短语的意思是“在进展中，在进行中”。故D项正确。
6．According to the passage, what can we learn about methane
A．It has been long regarded as a major source of global warming.
B．Its role in global warming had been overlooked before the report.
C．Its boost to global warming is as much as other greenhouse gases.
D．It is considered as a new approach to reducing global warming.
答案与解析：B　推理判断题。根据第四段中的“The IPCC's sixth report...played in warming by short term greenhouse gases such as methane (甲烷), for instance.”可知，在IPCC的第六份报告中第一次深入研究了甲烷在气候变暖中的作用，由此可以推断，之前报告从未提到过甲烷给气候变暖带来的影响。故B项正确。
7．How many aspects do the adaptation paths involve in the last paragraph
A．2. B．3.
C．4. D．5.
答案与解析：C　理解具体信息题。根据最后一段中的“This would include taking measures...rather than simply preventing it being released.”可知，提到的适应性路径有转向更多的植物性饮食、控制人口增长、减少财政不平等以及想方法消除已经存在于大气中的二氧化碳。故C项正确。
黄金考点
语法填空——比较级和最高级
考点17 有标志词than的比较级
考例 According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years ________ (long) than non runners.
点拨 句中有比较级标志词than，故用long的比较级形式longer。
考点18 暗含在语意中的比较级
考例 Even ________ (bad), the amount of fast food that people eat goes up.
点拨 表示比这“更糟糕的是”，暗含比较意味，故用其比较级形式worse。
考点19 形容词最高级
考例 One day the emperor wanted to get his portrait (画像) done so he called all great artists to come and present their ________ (fine) work, so that he could choose the best.
点拨 句意：皇上把所有的优秀画家都召集来展示他们最好的作品，以便他能选出最佳作品。故应填最高级finest。练习47　语法填空＋七选五＋完形填空
授课提示：对应学生用书118页
　
Ⅰ.语法填空
2024·石家庄质检 说明文 220词 ★★★★☆
We all know that water is the source of life on Earth. No plant, insect, animal 1.________ human can survive without it. Researchers find that people 2.________ drink a lot of water every day tend to stay 3.________ (fit) and live longer than those who don't. The research team say drinking enough water is helpful to people 4.________ (affect) by illnesses related to ages, like heart and lung diseases. They add that it is more likely for adults 5.________ (poor) hydrated (水分充足) to show signs of ageing and even die at a younger age.
The researchers looked at the health data from about 12，000 adults over a 30 year period. They studied the information of patients who 6.________ (visit) a hospital five times in the past ten years. The first three times were when the patients were in 7.________ (they) 50s, and the last two times were when they were between 70 and 90. Dr. Natalia Dmitrieva, lead researcher of the study, said, “The 8.________ (result) suggest that proper hydration may slow down ageing and make a disease free life longer.” She called 9.________ consuming more water, juice, fruit and vegetables with high water content. She said that half of the people worldwide didn't drink enough in their daily life. According to her 10.________ (recommend), the average adult needs to drink at least 1.5 liters of water every day.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。研究表明，每天喝大量水的人往往比不喝水的人更健康，寿命更长。研究人员建议普通成年人每天喝至少1.5升水。
1．答案与解析：or　没有它，任何植物、昆虫、动物或人都无法生存。根据空前的No和句意可知，空处应用or，表示“(用于否定句，提出两种或多种事物时)也不”。故填or。
2．答案与解析：who/that　研究人员发现，每天喝大量水的人往往比不喝水的人更健康，寿命更长。空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词people，并在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who或that。故填who/that。
3．答案与解析：fitter　参见上题解析。空处在系动词stay后作表语；根据空后的“live longer”和“than”可知，此处应用形容词比较级，表示“更加健康”。故填fitter。
4．答案与解析：affected　研究小组表示，饮用足够的水对患有心脏病和肺病等与年龄有关的疾病的人有帮助。分析句子结构可知，“drinking enough...lung diseases”为省略了连接词that的宾语从句，从句中已有be动词is，空处应用非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰名词people，根据语境和空后的by可知，动词affect与people为逻辑上的动宾关系，应用过去分词形式。故填affected。
5．答案与解析：poorly　他们补充说，缺乏水分的成年人更有可能出现衰老的迹象，甚至在较年轻的年纪死亡。空后的hydrated是形容词，空处应用副词形式poorly修饰该形容词。故填poorly。
6．答案与解析：had visited　他们研究了在过去十年中去过医院五次的病人的信息。空处在who引导的定语从句中作谓语；根据句意可知，动词visit所表示的动作发生在studied所表示的动作之前，且根据时间状语“in the past ten years”可知，空处应用过去完成时。故填had visited。
7．答案与解析：their　前三次是在病人50多岁的时候，后两次是在他们70到90岁之间的时候。be in one's 50s表示“50多岁”，空处应用形容词性物主代词their。故填their。
8．答案与解析：results　此处表示“研究结果表明，适当的补水可以延缓衰老，延长无病寿命”。空处在主句中作主语，result“(科学研究或试验的)结果”为可数名词，根据空后的谓语动词suggest可知，主句主语应用复数形式。故填results。
9．答案与解析：for　她呼吁多喝水、多喝果汁、多吃富含水分的水果和蔬菜。根据空后的动名词consuming可知，空处应用介词。call for为固定搭配，表示“号召，呼吁，倡议”。故填for。
10．答案与解析：recommendation　根据她的建议，普通成年人每天需要喝至少1.5升水。空处作According to的宾语，根据空前的her可知，空处应用名词recommendation，表示“建议”，为可数名词；此处表示上文提及的“多喝水、多喝果汁、多吃富含水分的水果和蔬菜”这一建议，因此空处应用单数形式。故填recommendation。
Ⅱ.七选五
2023·全国甲卷 说明文 320词 ★★★★☆
Tricks To Becoming A More Patient Person
Here's a riddle: What do traffic jams, long lines and waiting for a vacation to start all have in common There's one answer：__1__.
In the Digital Age, we're used to having what we need immediately and right at our fingertips. However, research suggests that if we practiced patience, we'd be a whole lot better off. Here are several tricks.
·Practice gratitude (感激)
Thankfulness has a lot of benefits: Research shows it makes us happier, less stressed and even more optimistic.__2__. “Showing thankfulness can foster self control，” said Ye Li, researcher at the University of California.
·Make yourself wait
Instant gratification (满足) may seem like the most “feel good” option at the time, but psychology research suggests waiting for things actually makes us happier in the long run. And the only way for us to get into the habit of waiting is to practice.__3__. Put off watching your favorite show until the weekend or wait 10 extra minutes before going for that cake. You'll soon find that the more patience you practice, the more you start to apply it to other, more annoying situations.
·__4__.
So many of us have the belief that being comfortable is the only state we will tolerate, and when we experience something outside of our comfort zone, we get impatient about the circumstances. You should learn to say to yourself, “__5__.” You'll then gradually become more patient.
A．Find your causes
B．Start with small tasks
C．Accept the uncomfortable
D．All this adds up to a state of hurry
E．It can also help us practice more patience
F．This is merely uncomfortable, not intolerable
G．They're all situations where we could use a little extra patience
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了变得耐心的一些方法。
1．答案与解析：G　根据上文“Here's a riddle: What do traffic jams, long lines and waiting for a vacation to start all have in common There's one answer. (这里有一个谜语：交通堵塞、排长队和等待假期开始有什么共同之处？答案只有一个)”可知，本句说明上文谜语的答案，结合“交通堵塞、排长队和等待假期”这些情况可知都需要耐心。故G选项“在这些情况下，我们都需要一点额外的耐心”符合语境，故选G。
2．答案与解析：E　根据上文“Thankfulness has a lot of benefits: Research shows it makes us happier, less stressed and even more optimistic.(感恩有很多好处：研究表明，感恩让我们更快乐，压力更小，甚至更乐观)”以及后文“‘Showing thankfulness can foster self control，’ said Ye Li, researcher at the University of California. (加州大学的研究员叶丽说：‘表达感激可以培养自我控制能力。’)”可知，上文提到了感恩的诸多好处，可知本句继续说明感恩的好处：它还可以帮助我们练习更多的耐心。E选项中It指代上文Thankfulness。故E选项“它还可以帮助我们练习更多的耐心”符合语境，故选E。
3．答案与解析：B　根据上文“And the only way for us to get into the habit of waiting is to practice. (我们养成等待习惯的唯一方法就是练习)”以及后文“Put off watching your favorite show until the weekend or wait 10 extra minutes before going for that cake. (把你最喜欢的节目推迟到周末再看，或者多等10分钟再去吃蛋糕)”可知，后文列举的事情都是日常的小事，说明要从小事开始练习等待，故B选项“从小任务开始”符合语境，故选B。
4．答案与解析：C　根据本段内容“So many of us have the belief that being comfortable is the only state we will tolerate, and when we experience something outside of our comfort zone, we get impatient about the circumstances. (我们中的许多人都认为舒适是我们唯一能容忍的状态，当我们经历舒适区之外的事情时，我们会对环境失去耐心)”可知，本段提到了舒适是我们唯一能容忍的状态，结合前文的小标题都是祈使句可知，本段的主旨与接受不舒适相关，C选项中uncomfortable对应后文comfortable。故C选项“接受不舒服”符合语境，故选C。
5．答案与解析：F　根据上文“You should learn to say to yourself (你应该学会对自己说……)”以及后文“You'll then gradually become more patient. (然后你会逐渐变得更有耐心)”结合本段主要说明的是不舒服的状态，可知，本句为对自己所说的话与接受不舒服相关，故F选项“这仅仅是不舒服，而不是无法忍受”符合语境，故选F。
Ⅲ.完形填空
2024·福建模拟 记叙文 195词 ★★☆☆☆
We always think of cats and dogs as our friends. But farm animals such as cows can __1__ the same companionship.
Two years ago, Ryan Phillips saw an ad for a __2__ cow which was about to be abandoned. He decided to __3__ Jenna the cow. While 3 days into this earth taught Jenna __4__， the days and years after that taught her love and acceptance. Ryan was always __5__ with hugs and attention. And since Jenna never had the __6__ to know her real mother, Ryan became the __7__ figure in Jenna's life. For six months, he __8__ her with a milk bottle. When Jenna grew bigger, Ryan moved her to his nonprofit farm that __9__ different kinds of farm animals and is __10__ enough to give these animals plenty of room to live and grow.
He shared online how he and Jenna met, and this __11__ finally led to another. His story with Jenna __12__ Mallory Sherman. So she decided to __13__ him. At first, helping Ryan and learning more about Jenna were her __14__. This developed into constant conversations with Ryan and they became __15__ , entering into marriage last year. “I never thought so much of my life would be changed due to Jenna's coming.” says Ryan.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Ryan收养并精心照顾被遗弃的小牛犊Jenna，并由此与Mallory结缘的故事。
1．A.understand B．seek
C．deepen D．establish
答案与解析：D　上文提到我们总是认为猫和狗是我们的朋友，再结合下文Ryan和小牛犊Jenna的故事可知，此处表示像牛这样的农场动物也可以(与人类)建立同样的友谊。understand“理解”；deepen“加深”；establish“建立”。
2．A.disabled B．strange
C．newborn D．sick
答案与解析：C　根据下文中的“3 days into this earth”“For six months... with a milk bottle”可知，这是一头刚出生的小牛犊。disabled“残疾的，丧失能力的”；newborn“新生的，初生的”。
3．A.adopt B．cure
C．purchase D．check
答案与解析：A　上文提到Ryan看到一则关于将被抛弃的初生小牛犊的广告，结合下文Ryan和这头小牛犊的故事可知，他决定收养它。adopt“收养，领养”；cure“治愈，治好(疾病)”；purchase“购买”；check“检查”。
4．A.mercy B．forgiveness
C．friction D．rejection
答案与解析：D　根据上文中的“which was about to be abandoned”和下文中的“the days and years after that taught her love and acceptance”可知，出生三天让Jenna知道了什么是厌弃(rejection)，但是随后的日子教会它爱和接受。mercy“仁慈”；forgiveness“原谅，宽恕”；friction“争执，分歧，不和，摩擦”。
5．A.patient B．generous
C．content D．busy
答案与解析：B　根据上文中的“the days and years after that taught her love and acceptance”和下文Ryan为Jenna做的事情可知，Ryan毫不吝惜拥抱和关注。be patient with“对……有耐心”；be generous with“毫不吝惜”；be content with“对……满意”；be busy with“忙于”。
6．A.privilege B．courage
C．opportunity D．right
答案与解析：C　根据上文可知，Jenna刚出生就要被遗弃，因此没有机会(opportunity)认识它真正的妈妈。privilege“特权，特殊待遇”；courage“勇气，胆量”；right“正当的理由，权利”。
7．A.familiar B．parental
C．central D．reliable
答案与解析：B　上文提到Jenna没有机会认识它真正的妈妈，再结合下文中的“For six months...with a milk bottle”可知，Ryan在Jenna的生活中充当“母亲”的角色。familiar“熟悉的”；parental“父亲的，母亲的，父母的”；central“重要的”；reliable“可信赖的，可靠的”。
8．A.fed B．kept
C．cheered D．accompanied
答案与解析：A　根据上文可知，Jenna刚出生没多久，因此Ryan用奶瓶喂了Jenna六个月。feed“给(人或动物)食物，喂养”；cheer“(为……)加油”；accompany“陪伴”。
9．A.funds B．houses
C．trains D．advocates
答案与解析：B　Jenna长大后，Ryan就把它挪到他的非营利农场，该农场给不同的农场动物提供住处。house在此处是动词，表示“给……提供住处”。fund“为……提供资金”；train“训练”；advocate“主张”。
10．A.spacious B．warm
C．safe D．comfortable
答案与解析：A　根据上文中的“grew bigger”和下文中的“to give these animals plenty of room to live and grow”可知，此处表示农场足够宽敞(spacious)，给这些动物提供了足够的空间让它们居住和成长。
11．A.experience B．sharing
C．bond D．reunion
答案与解析：C　上文讲述了Ryan和Jenna相遇的故事，下文讲到了因这个故事而与Ryan相识的Mallory，因此此处表示这个情感纽带最终促成了另一个(情感纽带)的产生。bond“情感的纽带，关系”，reunion“团聚”。
12．A.inspired B．surprised
C．convinced D．attracted
答案与解析：D　根据下文中的“So she decided... helping Ryan and learning more about Jenna”可知，Ryan和Jenna的故事吸引(attracted) 了 Mallory。inspire“激励，鼓舞”；surprise“使惊奇”；convince“使信服”。
13．A.get along with B．catch up with
C．reach out to D．hold on to
答案与解析：C　根据下文中的“helping Ryan”可知，Mallory下定决心要帮助Ryan。get along with“与(某人)和睦相处”；catch up with“赶上/追上(某人)”；reach out to“援助，支持(某人)”；hold on to“抓紧，不放开”。
14．A.hobby B．business
C．task D．intention
答案与解析：D　起初，帮助Ryan和多了解一点Jenna是她的目的和打算。hobby“爱好”；business“商务，公事，生意”；task“任务”；intention“打算，计划，意图，目的”。
15．A.skillful B．close
C．harmonious D．successful
答案与解析：B　根据上文中的“This developed into constant conversations with Ryan”和下文中的“entering into marriage”可知，他们变得亲密了。skillful“技术好的，熟练的”；close“亲密的，亲近的”；harmonious“和睦的”；successful“成功的”。
答题策略
语法填空——名词性从句
名词性从句的解题步骤
例题 People were unfamiliar with his product at the beginning; and made many guesses at ________ it was produced.
步骤
① 分析句子结构判断从句类型：分析可知，在句中作介词at的宾语，为宾语从句
② 分析所填词在从句中的句子成分：从句it was produced为主系表结构，缺少状语，从连接副词when/whenever, where/wherever, how/however, why, because 中选择
③ 结合句意确定连词：人们一开始对他的产品不熟悉，并对它是如何生产出来的做了许多猜测。表示“如何”，应用连词how
答案,how　介词at后边是一个宾语从句，从句中缺少方式状语，结合句意应用how引导。练习17　七选五＋完形填空＋应用文写作
授课提示：对应学生用书40页
　
Ⅰ.七选五
2024·浙江1月 说明文 270词 ★★★☆☆
In the past few years, online learning has become a significant part of the university and college experience. __1__ But are all online courses created equal How can you be sure that digital learning is right for you __2__ We interviewed students and professors to get their advice about online courses.
The most obvious advantage of online learning is that you can study anywhere and anytime. __3__ “I think a point that many people lose sight of is how easy it can be to fall behind schedule，” says graduate student Amanda Bindman. Before choosing to study online, consider whether you're a self motivated learner and if the material seems interesting enough to keep you going.
The tip that comes up most often is simple: build online courses into your weekly schedule, just like what you would do with in－person courses. __4__ He noted that his online students usually end up with lower grades. It is so easy to let an online course slide, but your grades will suffer as a result. Be sure to schedule set times to watch your lectures, read materials and contribute to online discussion boards.
__5__ A social connection is often a big part of learning. There are things you can do to ease this problem. Jessica Pink, an undergraduate student, suggests taking online courses with a friend, so you can motivate each other to stay on track. You can also find students on the class discussion board to organize a study group, or schedule in person meetings with your professor to discuss course concepts.
A．But that doesn't mean there aren't deadlines.
B．Your motivation should be your main concern.
C．Do you know that online courses are also part of your education
D.Professor Alex Davidson teaches the same course in person and online.
E.The chief complaint about online courses is that they lack human interaction.
F．If you take an online course, what can you do to ensure the best possible grade
G．A survey found that 29 percent of college students registered for online courses.
语篇类型：说明文　主题语境：人与自我——生活与学习——在线学习的利弊
【语篇解读】　文章讲的是在线学习成了大学生活的一部分，及一些人对在线学习的建议。
1．答案与解析：G　空前句子表示“在过去的几年中，在线学习已经成为大学经历中的一个重要部分”，而空后一句用了“But”进行话题的转折，这说明该空是对前一句信息的补充。G项“一项调查发现有29%的大学生注册了在线课程”，能进一步说明在线学习的地位，故选G项。
2．答案与解析：F　空前是两句问句，表示“但是所有的在线课程都一样吗？你如何确定数字化学习适合你？”，空后又提到通过采访的形式来获取对在线课程的建议。由此可判断出，该空应该承接前面的两个问句，并且句意上应该是递进的。选项中有两个问句，C项“你知道在线课程也是你教育的一部分吗？”，F项“如果你参加在线课程，你能做些什么来确保获得最好的成绩？”，其中F项是对前面两个问句的进一步补充，符合语境，故选F项。
3．答案与解析：A　空前句“在线学习最明显的好处是你可以随时随地学习”强调了在线学习的自由灵活度，空后句引用一名大学毕业生的话“我认为很多人忽视的一个点是容易落后于计划”说明在线学习会容易错过截止日期，因此A项承上启下，符合语境。
4．答案与解析：D　空前的段首句提到“将在线课程纳入你的每周计划中，就像你在线下课程中所做的一样”，将在线课程和线下课程进行了比较，而空后句是由“He”开头的一句话，由此可推断出，这里的代词“He”必定指代该空所提到的某一个具体人物。D项不仅提到了具体的人物，呼应下文，而且也提到了在线课程和线下课程。D项承接上文。
5．答案与解析：E　段落主旨句。根据下文可知，该段是在探讨在线学习存在的一个问题，并且也提到了一名本科生给出相关建议来缓解这一问题，即可以和朋友一起上在线课程。因此，E项“对在线课程的主要抱怨是它们缺乏人际互动”可以概括本段，并且其中的“human interaction”呼应本段第二句中的“social connection”，“complaint”则呼应本段第三句中的“problem”。故选E项。
Ⅱ.完形填空
2024·新课标Ⅱ卷 记叙文 229词 ★★☆☆☆
When I decided to buy a house in Europe ten years ago, I didn't think too long. I liked traveling in France, but when it came to picking my favorite spot to __1__， Italy was the clear winner.
During my first visit to Italy, I __2__ to ask for directions or order in a restaurant. But every time I tried to __3__ a sentence of Italian together, the locals smiled at me and __4__ my language skills. That encouragement helped me to get through the language __5__. After I made Italy my permanent home, I discovered how __6__ Italians are. Neighbors will bring me freshly made cheese and will come to my door to __7__ me to close the window in my car when rain is coming. It's these small __8__ of kindness that make a new country feel like home.
As a foodie, the way to my heart is through my stomach, and nowhere fuels my __9__ quite like Italy. Each town has its own traditional __10__， and every family keeps a recipe passed from one generation to another. Families __11__ for big meals on Sundays, birthdays, and whatever other excuses they can __12__. These meals are always __13__ by laughter and joy. Whatever __14__ life in Italy might have, the problems are __15__ once you sit down to a big meal with friends and family.
语篇类型：记叙文　主题语境：人与自我——个人经历——外国人在意大利
【语篇解读】　作者喜欢在法国旅游，但要安家的话，作者最喜欢的地方是意大利。意大利人非常热情友好，他们在作者说意大利语的时候鼓励作者，邻里之间相处也非常融洽，让作者找到了家的感觉。作为一个美食爱好者，意大利丰富多样的美食也能让作者忘却生活中其他的不便。
1．A.study B．rent
C．visit D．settle
答案与解析：D　此处与上文形成了转折，根据上文中的“I liked traveling in France”可知，作者喜欢在法国旅行，但是，如果要挑最喜欢的定居的地方的话，意大利无疑会胜出。rent“租用，租借(房屋、土地、机器等)，出租”；settle“定居，安家，解决”。
2．A.planned B．struggled
C．refused D．happened
答案与解析：B　根据下文中的“But every time I tried...That encouragement helped me to get through the language '5'”可知，作者克服了语言方面的障碍，由此可见，作者第一次去意大利旅行的时候，问路或点餐都很费力。plan to do sth.“计划做某事”；struggle to do sth.“艰难地做某事，努力做某事”；refuse to do sth.“拒绝做某事”；happen to do sth.“碰巧做某事”。
3．A.string B．hang
C．mix D．match
答案与解析：A　上文讲到了作者问路或点餐很费力，再结合空后的“together”可知，作者努力把句子串起来。string“把……连在一起”。
4．A.improved B．assessed
C．admired D．praised
答案与解析：D　根据空前的“the locals smiled at me”和下文中的“That encouragement”可知，意大利当地人会冲作者微笑并表扬作者的语言技能。improve“提升，提高”；assess“评价，评定，估价，估计”；admire“钦佩，仰慕，欣赏”；praise“表扬，赞扬，称赞”。
5．A.course B．barrier
C．area D．test
答案与解析：B　根据上文中的“I '2' to ask for directions or order in a restaurant...I tried to '3' a sentence of Italian together”可知，作者在语言方面有障碍，而当地人的鼓励则帮助作者克服了这一语言障碍。course“课程，过程，一道菜”；barrier“障碍，阻力，障碍物”。
6．A.open minded B．strong willed
C．warm hearted D．well informed
答案与解析：C　根据下文中的“Neighbors will bring me freshly made cheese and will come to my door to '7' me to close the window in my car when rain is coming”可知，邻居们非常热心肠。open minded“思想开明的”；strong willed“意志坚定的，坚持己见的”；warm hearted“热心肠的，友好的，富有同情心的”；well informed“见多识广的，知识渊博的”。
7．A.remind B．allow
C．persuade D．order
答案与解析：A　根据空后的“when rain is coming”可知，邻居们会在快要下雨的时候提醒作者关车窗。remind“提醒，使想起”；allow“允许”；persuade“劝说，说服”；order“命令”。
8．A.tricks B．promises
C．acts D．duties
答案与解析：C　此处是对上文中的“bring me freshly made cheese and will come to my door to '7' me to close the window in my car”的总结。结合常识可知，这些都是善意的举动。trick“花招，窍门，戏法，把戏”；promise“承诺，许诺”；act“行为，行动，法案”；duty“责任，义务”。
9．A.ambition B．success
C．appetite D．growth
答案与解析：C　根据空前的“As a foodie, the way to my heart is through my stomach”可知，作者喜欢意大利的另一个原因是作者是一个美食爱好者，而意大利的美食能够满足作者的胃口。且下文中的“every family keeps a recipe...big meals”也可以印证这一点。ambition“追求的目标，抱负，雄心，野心”；success“成功”；appetite“食欲，胃口”；growth“成长”。
10．A.costume B．dish
C．symbol D．tale
答案与解析：B　根据空后的“every family keeps a recipe passed from one generation to another”可知，每个小镇都有自己传统的菜肴，家家户户都有祖传的食谱。costume“服装，装束，戏服”；dish“一道菜，菜肴”；symbol“象征，符号”；tale“故事，传说”。
11．A.gather B．cheer
C．leave D．wait
答案与解析：A　根据下文中的“a big meal with friends and family”可知，家人会在星期天、生日以及其他时刻聚在一起享用大餐。gather“聚集，集合”；cheer“欢呼，喝彩，鼓励”。
12．A.put up with B．stand up for
C．come up with D．make up for
答案与解析：C　此处强调人们会在多种时刻聚在一起享用美食。除了星期天、生日之外，人们还会想出各种“借口”来聚餐。put up with“忍受，容忍”；stand up for“支持，捍卫，为……辩护”；come up with“想出，提出”；make up for“弥补，补偿，抵消”。
13．A.signaled B．confirmed
C．represented D．accompanied
答案与解析：D　根据上文中讲到的人们对聚餐的痴迷可以看出聚餐的氛围肯定很棒。据此可知，这些聚餐总是伴着欢声笑语。signal“发信号，示意，标志，预示”；confirm“确定，确认，证实，证明，批准”；represent“代表”；accompany“陪同，陪伴，伴随，与……同时发生”。
14．A.disadvantages B．meanings
C．surprises D．opportunities
答案与解析：A　此处呼应空后的“the problems”，指的是人们在生活中遇到的障碍。disadvantage“不利因素，障碍，不便之处”；meaning“意义”；surprise“惊喜，惊讶”；opportunity“机会”。
15．A.created B．forgotten
C．understood D．identified
答案与解析：B　根据上文中的“These meals are always '13' by laughter and joy”可知，没有什么烦恼是吃一顿饭解决不了的，也就是说，人们一旦坐下和家人朋友享用美食，所有烦恼或问题都能被遗忘。create“创造”；forget“忘记”；understand“理解”；identify“认出，识别，查明，确认，发现”。
Ⅲ.应用文写作
[2024·九省联考]你校英文报计划举办主题为“携手行动，节约粮食”的作文比赛。请你写一则活动通知，内容包括：
1．介绍活动目的；
2．说明参赛要求。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Welcome to Join in the English Writing Competition
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
One possible version：
Welcome to Join in the English Writing Competition
Our school English newspaper is excited to announce the upcoming writing competition, themed “Hand in Hand, Save the Food”. The competition aims to raise awareness about the importance of saving food.
All students are encouraged to participate. Entries should consist of an original piece of writing, focusing on the theme of food waste and showing how we can contribute to its reduction. Please submit your entries to the English Department mailbox by the deadline of June 1st.
We look forward to your participation and creative submissions.
黄金考点
语法填空——状语从句
考点25 根据语意和从句中所缺句子成分确定状语从句的连词(1)
考例 ________ he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary (传奇的) artist, they smiled and pointed down the river.
点拨 此处是一个状语从句。结合句意和两句之间的逻辑关系，应填表示“当……时”的词as或when才符合语境。故填When或As。
考点26 根据语意和从句中所缺句子成分确定状语从句的连词(2)
考例 However, most scientists regard it as nothing more than a legend________ there is a lack of concrete evidence.
点拨 科学家认为这只是一个神话，因为缺少证据。该句前后是因果关系，故填because。练习45　阅读理解＋读后续写
授课提示：对应学生用书113页
　
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
2024·济南高三模拟 应用文 291词 ★★★☆☆
Get ready to start your journey to the best public university system in the world—with just one application.
Apply for more than one UC campus
This will significantly increase your chances of being admitted to the UC system. While you may not receive an offer of admission from your first choice campus, all of our campuses—without exception—provide outstanding opportunities for you to learn and grow.
Apply on time
You can fill out the application in as many sessions as you want. Just remember to submit it by November 30 for the fall term.
Create an account
An email address and an email password are required in order to create an account. You should use the email account you use for all applications, so just make it easier to remember. We also recommend you use a non school issued email account e. g. Gmail, Yahoo! Mail. Campuses send important and time sensitive correspondence to applicants, so you should check your email regularly to follow up on your application.
Save information
You should click “Save & Continue” at the bottom of each page to save any entered information—there is 20 minute inactivity period after which the application will automatically sign you out. If you've successfully answered all required questions, the page will be marked with a checkmark on the right hand side.
Confirmation
Once you've submitted your application, you'll see confirmation page with important reminders and your UC application ID number which is used to access the various campus websites and, in many cases, to access your admission decisions.
1．What should students do to increase admission chances
A.Submit applications on time.
B．Apply for multiple campuses.
C．Open more than one account.
D．Decide on one ideal campus.
答案与解析：B　理解具体信息。根据Apply for more than one UC campus部分中的第一句话“This will significantly increase your chances of being admitted to the UC system”和语境可知，“This”指代的是“Apply for more than one UC campus”。由此可知，多申请几所大学可以增加被录取的几率，故B项正确。
2．How can students learn about the latest application process
A.By checking the email.
B．By visiting the campus.
C．By making phone calls.
D．By creating a new account.
答案与解析：A　理解具体信息。根据Create an account部分中的“Campuses send important and time sensitive correspondence to applicants, so you should check your email regularly to follow up on your application”可知，学生们应该经常查看邮件来了解申请的最新动态，故A项正确。
3．What will students get after completing the application
A.A checkmark.
B．A confirmation call.
C．A “Continue” button.
D．A UC application ID number.
答案与解析：D　理解具体信息。根据Confirmation部分中的“Once you've submitted your application... your UC application ID number”可知，提交申请后，你会看见一个确认页面，上面有一些重要的提示和你的UC申请身份号，故D项正确。
B
2023·新课标Ⅰ卷 说明文 350词 ★★★☆☆
　　The goal of this book is to make the case for digital minimalism, including a detailed exploration of what it asks and why it works, and then to teach you how to adopt this philosophy if you decide it's right for you.
To do so, I divided the book into two parts. In part one, I describe the philosophical foundations of digital minimalism, starting with an examination of the forces that are making so many people's digital lives increasingly intolerable, before moving on to a detailed discussion of the digital minimalism philosophy.
Part one concludes by introducing my suggested method for adopting this philosophy: the digital declutter. This process requires you to step away from optional online activities for thirty days. At the end of the thirty days, you will then add back a small number of carefully chosen online activities that you believe will provide massive benefits to the things you value.
In the final chapter of part one, I'll guide you through carrying out your own digital declutter. In doing so, I'll draw on an experiment I ran in 2018 in which over 1，600 people agreed to perform a digital declutter. You'll hear these participants' stories and learn what strategies worked well for them, and what traps they encountered that you should avoid.
The second part of this book takes a closer look at some ideas that will help you cultivate (培养) a sustainable digital minimalism lifestyle. In these chapters, I examine issues such as the importance of solitude (独处) and the necessity of cultivating high quality leisure to replace the time most now spent on mindless device use. Each chapter concludes with a collection of practices, which are designed to help you act on the big ideas of the chapter. You can view these practices as a toolbox meant to aid your efforts to build a minimalist lifestyle that works for your particular circumstances.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了数字极简主义生活方式的优点，倡导简单的数字生活方式。
4．What is the book aimed at
A．Teaching critical thinking skills.
B．Advocating a simple digital lifestyle.
C．Solving philosophical problems.
D．Promoting the use of a digital device.
答案与解析：B　细节理解题。根据文章第一段“The goal of this book is to make the case for digital minimalism, including a detailed exploration of what it asks and why it works, and then to teach you how to adopt this philosophy if you decide it's right for you. (这本书的目标是解释数字极简主义，包括详细探索它的要求和为什么有效，然后如果你认为它适合你，教你如何采用这种生活态度)”可知，这本书的目的是倡导简单的数字生活方式。故选B。
5．What does the underlined word “declutter” in Paragraph 3 mean
A．Clear up. B．Add on.
C．Check in. D．Take over.
答案与解析：A　词义猜测题。根据画线词下文“This process requires you to step away from optional online activities for thirty days. At the end of the thirty days, you will then add back a small number of carefully chosen online activities that you believe will provide massive benefits to the things you value. (这个过程要求你在30天内远离可选的在线活动。在30天结束的时候，你再加上一些你认为会给你所看重的东西带来巨大好处的精心挑选的在线活动)”可推知，画线词“declutter”的意思是“清理”，对在线活动进行清理和挑选。故选A。
6．What is presented in the final chapter of part one
A.Theoretical models. B．Statistical methods.
C．Practical examples. D．Historical analyses.
答案与解析：C　推理判断题。通过文章第四段“In the final chapter of part one, I'll guide you through carrying out your own digital declutter. In doing so, I'll draw on an experiment I ran in 2018 in which over 1，600 people agreed to perform a digital declutter. (在第一部分的最后一章中，我将指导您进行自己的数字清理。在这样做的过程中，我将借鉴我在2018年进行的一项实验，在该实验中，1 600多人同意进行数字清理)”可推知，第一部分的最后一章介绍了实验与数字清理的实际例子。故选C。
7．What does the author suggest readers do with the practices offered in part two
A．Use them as needed.
B．Recommend them to friends.
C．Evaluate their effects.
D．Identify the ideas behind them.
答案与解析：A　推理判断题。通过文章最后一段“You can view these practices as a toolbox meant to aid your efforts to build a minimalist lifestyle that works for your particular circumstances. (你可以将这些做法看作是一个工具箱，旨在帮助你建立一种适合自己特定情况的极简主义生活方式)”可推知，作者建议读者根据需要与实际情况使用第二部分中提及的实践。故选A。
Ⅱ.读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Ariana tried to hold her breath. She moved away slightly, but Ashley only moved closer and continued talking.
Ariana thought to herself, “Why does she always have to sit next to me？” Ashley didn't seem to notice that Ariana was trying to move away, and she leaned in closer. Ariana wanted badly to tell Ashley that she didn't smell very good, but how could she do that without hurting her feelings
When Ariana got home from school, she complained to her mother. “There's a girl named Ashley who likes to sit next to me in school, but she smells bad. Nobody else likes to sit next to her, either.”
“Well, try to be nice to her，” said her mother. “Maybe she's having a hard time at home. You never knew what a person's home life is like.”
For the rest of the week, Ariana tried to be a good friend to Ashley. There were times when they had fun talking and playing together, especially on the days when Ashley bathed. But on the days when she smelled bad, Ariana still found it very hard to be her friend.
One morning, while getting her hair combed for school, Ariana brought the subject up again with her mother.
“I don't want to be friends with Ashley anymore，” she told her.
Her mother's hands froze in midair. Ariana turned to see what the matter was. Her mother looked upset. Ariana wondered what she had said to make her mother react this way.
“I don't think you understand Ashley's situation, so let me ask you this...” Her mother's tone was serious. “Who makes sure that your hair is combed every morning so you'll look nice when you go to school Who makes sure you're bathed and cleaned every day And who makes sure your clothes are washed and neatly ironed？”
“You and Daddy，” answered Ariana.
“Do you live in a happy family Do you have a good dad and mom？”
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
Ariana nodded, beginning to feel guilty.
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Sadness for Ashley filled her heart and Ariana decided to make friends with Ashley.
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One possible version：
Ariana nodded, beginning to feel guilty. She was starting to think, “What is Ashley's family like Why don't her parents take better care of her It's unfair for Ashley to be treated like this.” Ariana's mother seemed to understand what she was thinking. “Not all children live in a happy family，” her mother said in a gentle voice. “The best thing you can do for Ashley is to treat her with kindness.”
Sadness for Ashley filled her heart and Ariana decided to make friends with Ashley. At school, Ariana let Ashley sit next to her and helped her with her schoolwork. Whatever she did, she was always careful not to hurt Ashley's feelings. As the months passed, Ariana discovered that she enjoyed talking and hanging out with Ashley. She no longer saw her as the girl who smelled bad, but as a friend with a kind and warm heart. Not only did they establish deep and lasting friendship, but they also made great progress in their studies.
答题策略
语法填空——时态、语态
时态、语态题的解题步骤
例题 So it was a great honour to be invited backstage at the not for profit Panda Base, where ticket money helps pay for research, I ________ (allow)to get up close to these cute animals at the 600 acre centre.
步骤
① 通过上下文时态、时间状语、各种从句判定时态，叙述过去的事用一般过去式，叙述客观事实用一般现在时；(多考查一般过去时)
② 结合句意，根据主语与谓语动词之间的主动、被动关系判定语态
③ 确定助动词be或have的单复数形式
答案,was allowed　上下文叙述的是过去的事情，使用的是一般过去时，如was(where定语从句中叙述的是一般事实，故用的是一般现在时，应该排除干扰。)，所填词也应用一般过去时。又因为主语I与谓语动词allow之间是被动关系，故应用一般过去时的被动语态。主语是I，be动词用was练习60　阅读理解＋读后续写
授课提示：对应学生用书150页
　
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
2023·新课标Ⅱ卷 说明文 286词 ★★★★☆
As cities balloon with growth, access to nature for people living in urban areas is becoming harder to find. If you're lucky, there might be a pocket park near where you live, but it's unusual to find places in a city that are relatively wild.
Past research has found health and wellness benefits of nature for humans, but a new study shows that wildness in urban areas is extremely important for human well being.
The research team focused on a large urban park. They surveyed several hundred park goers, asking them to submit a written summary online of a meaningful interaction they had with nature in the park. The researchers then examined these submissions, coding (编码) experiences into different categories. For example, one participant's experience of “We sat and listened to the waves at the beach for a while” was assigned the categories “sitting at beach” and “listening to waves.”
Across the 320 submissions, a pattern of categories the researchers call a “nature language” began to emerge. After the coding of all submissions, half a dozen categories were noted most often as important to visitors. These include encountering wildlife, walking along the edge of water, and following an established trail.
Naming each nature experience creates a usable language, which helps people recognize and take part in the activities that are most satisfying and meaningful to them. For example, the experience of walking along the edge of water might be satisfying for a young professional on a weekend hike in the park. Back downtown during a workday, they can enjoy a more domestic form of this interaction by walking along a fountain on their lunch break.
“We're trying to generate a language that helps bring the human nature interactions back into our daily lives. And for that to happen, we also need to protect nature so that we can interact with it，” said Peter Kahn, a senior author of the study.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。城市化让人们越来越难以接触到自然，但一项新研究发现城市中的野生自然对人类健康和幸福感具有重要影响。研究团队对一座大型城市公园的游客进行调查，发现与野生自然的互动可以创造出一种可用的语言，帮助人们认识和参与最令人满意和有意义的活动。该研究呼吁保护城市中的野生自然。
1．What phenomenon does the author describe at the beginning of the text
A．Pocket parks are now popular.
B．Wild nature is hard to find in cities.
C．Many cities are overpopulated.
D．People enjoy living close to nature.
答案与解析：B　细节理解题。根据第一段内容“As cities balloon with growth, access to nature for people living in urban areas is becoming harder to find. If you're lucky, there might be a pocket park near where you live, but it's unusual to find places in a city that are relatively wild.(随着城市的飞速发展，生活在城市地区的人们越来越难以接近大自然。如果你幸运的话，你住的地方附近可能会有一个袖珍公园，但在城市里找到相对天然的地方是罕见的)”可知，文章开头作者讲述了一种现象，在城市里，人们很难找到野生的自然。故选B。
2．Why did the researchers code participant submissions into categories
A．To compare different types of park goers.
B．To explain why the park attracts tourists.
C．To analyze the main features of the park.
D．To find patterns in the visitors' summaries.
答案与解析：D　推理判断题。题干问的是研究人员将参与者提交的文件分类的原因。根据第四段第一句话“Across the 320 submissions, a pattern of categories... began to emerge”(在320份提交的材料中，一种被研究人员称为“自然语言”的类别模式开始出现)可知，研究人员这样做是为了从访客的总结材料中找出类别规律。故选D。
3．What can we learn from the example given in Paragraph 5
A．Walking is the best way to gain access to nature.
B.Young people are too busy to interact with nature.
C.The same nature experience takes different forms.
D.The nature language enhances work performance.
答案与解析：C　推理判断题。根据第五段内容“Naming each nature experience creates a usable language, which helps people recognize and take part in the activities that are most satisfying and meaningful to them. For example, the experience of walking along the edge of water might be satisfying for a young professional on a weekend hike in the park. Back downtown during a workday, they can enjoy a more domestic form of this interaction by walking along a fountain on their lunch break. (命名每一种自然体验创造了一种可用的语言，这有助于人们认识并参与到对他们来说最满意和最有意义的活动中。例如，沿着水边散步的经历可能会让一个年轻的专业人士在周末去公园徒步旅行时感到满意。在工作日回到市中心，他们可以在午休时沿着喷泉散步，享受一种更居家的互动方式)”可知，本段讲述了自然体验创造一种可用的语言，有助于人们识别并参与对自己来说最满意最有意义的活动，接下来以一个年轻的专业人士参与自然的方式举例说明，去公园时沿着水边散步让他感到满意，回到市中心工作时他可以通过沿着喷泉散步获得满足。因此推知，从第五段的例子中我们可以知道一样的自然体验可以呈现不同的形式。故选C。
4．What should be done before we can interact with nature according to Kahn
A．Language study.
B．Environmental conservation.
C．Public education.
D．Intercultural communication.
答案与解析：B　推理判断题。根据最后一段“‘We're trying to generate a language that helps bring the human nature interactions back into our daily lives. And for that to happen, we also need to protect nature so that we can interact with it，’ said Peter Kahn, a senior author of the study. (‘我们正试图创造一种语言，帮助将人类与自然的互动带回我们的日常生活中。要做到这一点，我们还需要保护自然，这样我们才能与它互动，’该研究的资深作者彼得·卡恩说。)”可推断，彼得·卡恩认为在我们与大自然互动之前我们应该先要保护自然。故选B。
B
2023·全国乙卷 说明文 337词 ★★★★★
What comes into your mind when you think of British food Probably fish and chips, or a Sunday dinner of meat and two vegetables. But is British food really so uninteresting Even though Britain has a reputation for less than impressive cuisine, it is producing more top class chefs who appear frequently on our television screens and whose recipe books frequently top the best seller lists.
It's thanks to these TV chefs rather than any advertising campaign that Britons are turning away from meat and two veg and ready made meals and becoming more adventurous in their cooking habits. It is recently reported that the number of those sticking to a traditional diet is slowly declining and around half of Britain's consumers would like to change or improve their cooking in some way. There has been a rise in the number of students applying for food courses at UK universities and colleges. It seems that TV programmes have helped change what people think about cooking.
According to a new study from market analysts, 1 in 5 Britons say that watching cookery programmes on TV has encouraged them to try different food. Almost one third say they now use a wider variety of ingredients (配料) than they used to, and just under 1 in 4 say they now buy better quality ingredients than before. One in four adults say that TV chefs have made them much more confident about expanding their cookery knowledge and skills, and young people are also getting more interested in cooking. The UK's obsession (痴迷) with food is reflected through television scheduling. Cookery shows and documentaries about food are broadcast more often than before. With an increasing number of male chefs on TV, it's no longer “uncool” for boys to like cooking.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文，介绍英国人在英国烹饪节目的影响下改变对烹饪的看法，并尝试新的烹饪习惯。
5．What do people usually think of British food
A．It is simple and plain.
B．It is rich in nutrition.
C．It lacks authentic tastes.
D．It deserves a high reputation.
答案与解析：A　细节理解题。根据第一段的“What comes into your mind when you think of British food Probably fish and chips, or a Sunday dinner of meat and two vegetables. But is British food really so uninteresting？”(当你想到英国食物时，你会想到什么？你可能想到的是炸鱼薯条，或是一肉两菜的周日晚餐。但是，英国食物真的如此无趣吗？)可知，提及英国食物，大家往往只是想到炸鱼薯条和周日烤肉，所以人们通常会觉得英国食物平平无奇。故选A项。
6．Which best describes cookery programmes on British TV
A．Authoritative. B．Creative.
C．Profitable. D．Influential.
答案与解析：D　推理判断题。根据第二段的“It's thanks to these TV chefs rather than any advertising campaign that Britons are turning away from meat and two veg and ready made meals and becoming more adventurous in their cooking habits.”(正是由于电视上的这些大厨，而不是凭借广告宣传活动，英国人正在远离“一肉两菜”和速食餐，而变得更加愿意探索新的烹饪习惯。)和“It seems that TV programmes have helped change what people think about cooking.”(似乎电视节目帮助改变了人们对烹饪的看法。)可知，英国的烹饪节目能够改变英国人对烹饪的看法，尝试从传统的英式饮食走出来，尝试新的烹饪习惯，由此推知英国的烹饪节目具有很大的影响力。故选D项。
7．Which is the percentage of the people using more diverse ingredients now
A．20%. B．24%.
C．25%. D．33%.
答案与解析：D　细节理解题。根据第三段的“Almost one third say they now use a wider variety of ingredients (配料) than they used to, and just under 1 in 4 say they now buy better quality ingredients than before.”(几乎三分之一的人表示他们现在使用的配料比以前更多，将近四分之一的人表示他们现在购买的配料质量比以前更好。)可知，三分之一左右的人，也就是33%左右的人，使用的配料比以前更多。故选D项。
8．What might the author continue talking about
A．The art of cooking in other countries.
B．Male chefs on TV programmes.
C．Table manners in the UK.
D．Studies of big eaters.
答案与解析：B　推理判断题。根据第三段的最后一句“With an increasing number of male chefs on TV, it's no longer ‘uncool’ for boys to like cooking.”(随着电视上出现越来越多男性厨师，男孩子喜欢烹饪不再是一件“不酷”的事了。)可知，接下来，文章应该具体介绍电视上的男性厨师，从而与上文形成语义连贯。故选B项。
Ⅱ.读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
[2024·广东省模拟Ⅰ]Hector stood in the front of his fifth grade classroom as one of the last two competitors in the Room Five Geography Bee. His opponent having missed the last question, it was Hector's turn. If he answered his question correctly, he would be the Room Five champion.
“Where did I put that second sheet of questions？” Mr. Adler whispered while searching through a thick pile of papers on his messy desk. Mr. Adler, though a great teacher, had a reputation for being disorganized with a long history of misplacing things. “Oh well, I apologize for the delay，” said Mr. Adler after what seemed like a long time. “Hector, please tell us the capital city of Brazil.” Hearing the question, Hector smiled. Then, there was the answer.
Later that day in the courtyard, many classmates congratulated Hector. Wearing a proud smile, he greeted and thanked them all. Oh, the sweet taste of victory.
As it was getting late, the courtyard became deserted. But Hector still didn't want to leave. Then he saw Mr. Adler crossing the courtyard and holding a half open bag full of papers. As he hurried past, an envelope dropped out but Mr. Adler was unaware, turned a corner and disappeared out of sight. Hector picked it up. On the envelope were the words “Fifth Grade Geography Bee Questions and Answers”. Hector stared wide eyed at the envelope. Before he even had time to reflect on the consequences, he opened it and read the questions.
As soon as Hector had done it, he knew it was the wrong choice. He'd cheated and whatever he did now, he couldn't change the fact. “What if Mr. Adler thought I stole this morning's questions too？” Hector thought. “He'd take away my Room Five victory for sure.” Little did he know that one of the best days in his life would be turned into the worst so quickly. Torn by his conscience, Hector was totally at a loss what to do.
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
Before he realized it, Hector found himself standing in Mr. Adler's room.
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The next day the entire school came to watch the Fifth Grade Geography Bee.
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One possible version：
Before he realized it, Hector found himself standing in Mr. Adler's room. “Hector! Come and help me look for...” “This？” Hector stopped Mr. Adler mid sentence, holding out the open envelope (现在分词短语作伴随状语). Mr. Adler's brows were smoothed but then knitted again. Before he formed questions, Hector started unbosoming his regrets. If he had waited another moment, they would have torn him into pieces (虚拟语气). “Can I still be in the Bee？” asked Hector timidly. “Absolutely, my honest boy，” Mr. Adler patted his shoulder. “I don't believe in punishing people for making the right decisions and correcting their mistakes.” Immense relief washed over Hector.
The next day the entire school came to watch the Fifth Grade Geography Bee. Having been up late studying (现在分词短语作原因状语), Hector looked exhausted but extremely excited. So did all the other competitors (倒装句). All the eyes fixed on the stage, Hector felt blood rushing onto his cheeks and his heart beating fast. Unfortunately, the questions Mr. Adler rewrote were so tough that he was knocked out in round three. But Hector realized in surprise that he didn't feel bad about losing at all. Whether others knew he was smart (主语从句) was of no significance. He'd set out to learn everything about the world and ended up learning more about himself.练习35　七选五＋完形填空＋读后续写
授课提示：对应学生用书87页
　
Ⅰ.七选五
2024·吉林长春监测 说明文 285词 ★★★★☆
Reversal—change your perspective and solve your problem
It's often your definition of a problem that limits you in finding a suitable solution. Creative solutions require a change of perspective. __1__
The reversal technique is a creative thinking technique that is based on the thought that to change your perspective, you sometimes need to change the order of the words in your problem definition.
How you change the order of the words doesn't matter much, as long as the key words are reversed.__2__ Your challenge is “How do we make sure that fewer people take cars to their work？”. Swapping (掉换) the key words, you could rephrase this challenge as “How do we make sure that fewer cars take people to their work？”．
Not every problem statement is suitable for a reversal. Sometimes using this technique requires you to first rephrase the question altogether. __3__ For instance, the question “How might we sell more washing machines？” is not easily reversed—there is no key word to swap with “washing machines”. Yet, when you rephrase the question to “How might we sell more washing machines to young parents？”， you can easily change it to “How might we sell more young parents washing machines？”. __4__ You could interpret this last sentence as “the washing machine pays the young parents to try it out”. Then, you could start communicating to potential buyers how much they will save each year when they choose your energy efficient washing machines.
As this example shows, some reversals will require a very flexible way of thinking. __5__ However, thinking about the tiny amount of time it will “cost” you to try out a reversal, you have very little to lose and, potentially, lots to gain.
A．The problem statement is much more logical.
B．Often it helps to add one or more key words to the sentence.
C．Rephrasing your challenge is to change the problem statement.
D．A great way to do this is by “reversing” your problem statement.
E．For instance, imagine you are responsible for limiting the traffic jam in your area.
F．Admittedly, it is a very unusual challenge, but it might just stimulate a creative thought.
G．Not everyone will be able to move from an unreasonable statement to a useful solution.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章通过事例向读者介绍了一种创造性思维技巧——逆向技巧。
1．答案与解析：D　根据上文的“Creative solutions require a change of perspective”(创造性的解决方案需要改变观点)以及下文的“The reversal technique is a creative thinking technique”(逆向技巧是一种创造性思维技巧)可知，空处应填创造性的解决方案是逆向技巧。D项“做到这一点的一个很好的方法是‘颠倒’你的问题陈述”符合题意。
2．答案与解析：E　根据上文的“How you change the order of the words doesn't matter much，as long as the key words are reversed”(你如何改变单词的顺序并不重要，只要关键字是颠倒的)以及下文的“Your challenge is...‘How do we make sure that fewer cars take people to their work？’”(你面临的挑战是“我们如何确保开车上班的人更少？”。掉换关键词，你可以把这个挑战重新表述为“我们如何确保更少的车载着人们去上班？”)可知，本段是在列举关键字颠倒过来的例子，并且有关道路交通。E项“例如，设想你要负责限制你所在地区的交通阻塞”符合题意。
3．答案与解析：B　根据上文的“Sometimes using this technique requires you to first rephrase the question altogether”(有时使用这个技巧需要你首先重新表述问题)以及下文的“For instance, the question... ‘washing machines’”(例如，“我们如何才能卖出更多的洗衣机？”这一问题是不容易颠倒的，没有一个关键词可以和“洗衣机”掉换)可知，重新表述问题与关键词有关。B项“通常，在句子中加一个或多个关键词是有帮助的”符合题意。
4．答案与解析：F　根据上文的“Yet, when you rephrase the question...‘How might we sell more young parents washing machines？’”(然而，当你把这个问题重新表述为“我们如何才能向年轻的父母出售更多洗衣机？”时，你可以容易地把它改成“我们如何才能把洗衣机卖给更多的年轻父母？”)可知，这种办法可以激发创造性思维。F项“诚然，这是一个非常不寻常的挑战，但它可能会激发创造性思维”符合题意。
5．答案与解析：G　根据上文的“As this example shows, some reversals will require a very flexible way of thinking”(正如这个例子所示，一些颠倒将需要非常灵活的思维方式)以及下文的“However, thinking about... potentially, lots to gain”(然而，考虑到你尝试颠倒所“花费”的时间很短，你不会损失什么，但潜在地，你会得到很多)可猜测，做出这些颠倒很困难，需要耗费脑力。G项“不是每个人都能把一个不合理的陈述变成一个有用的解决方案”符合题意。
Ⅱ.完形填空
2024·沈阳市质检 记叙文 268词 ★★★★☆
After I gave birth, it seemed my brain had been dragged out of me along with my newborn son. Everything became __1__ and conversation often lost in mid sentence. I thought these __2__ mistakes may be just ‘mommy brain’ while I coped with middle of the night feedings. However, after little Nicholas began to __3__ through the night, I remained in a constant state of __4__.
I told myself I'd feel intelligent again. I thought about my __5__ life. What engaged my brain then I wandered through the house and found __6__ staring me in the face: books. I looked online and found the exact __7__： 50 Book Challenge. Read 50 books in a year, whatever __8__ I wanted. Within days I discovered new books of interest and ordered some fresh __9__.I had my resolution: 50 books.
My competitive spirit began to __10__.I found time where it had never existed before. I read as my son watched Sesame Street. I read when I __11__ a bus. I read before bedtime... My brain __12__ from hibernation (冬眠) and I had new and exciting things to discuss. I had started with a __13__ goal to bring my __14__ back. I did that, and got more. I showed my son Nicholas the __15__ of reading. Now it's common for my first grader to bring a pile of books to the couch for reading. We're reading together, and all is right with the world.
【语篇解读】　作者在生完孩子以后，大脑不听使唤，记忆力减退。之后通过挑战一年读50本书，情况逐渐好转。
1．A.sunny B．foggy
C．smooth D．possible
答案与解析：B　根据前文的“After I gave birth...my newborn son”可知，作者生完孩子后，大脑不听使唤；结合本句的“conversation often lost in mid sentence”可知，作者记忆力减退。据此可知，此处表示一切都变得模糊起来，话经常说到一半就忘了。sunny “阳光充足的”； foggy “有雾的，模糊不清的，不清楚的”； smooth “光滑的”； possible “可能的”。
2．A.physical B．behavioral
C．social D．mental
答案与解析：D　根据前文的“conversation often lost in mid sentence”，再结合语境可知，作者由于生育导致大脑不听使唤，讲话时经常中途失语；据此可知，这是作者心理上的状况。physical “身体的”； behavioral “行为方面的”； social “社会的”； mental “心理上的”。
3．A.sleep B．cry
C．wake up D．stay up
答案与解析：A　根据前文的“I thought these...middle of the night feedings”以及本句的“However”可知，前后句为对照关系，作者本以为这些错误是半夜喂奶导致的，但是当儿子入睡以后，作者还是处于混乱的状态。故选A。
4．A.tension B．security
C．confusion D．depression
答案与解析：C　参见上题解析。tension “紧张”； security “安全”； confusion “困惑，混乱”； depression “沮丧”。
5．A.pre school B．pre marriage
C．pre baby D．pre teen
答案与解析：C　根据下文的“What engaged my brain then？”可知，作者在回忆生孩子之前什么吸引她。pre school “入学前的”； pre marriage “婚前的”； pre baby “产前的”； pre teen “十岁出头的”。
6．A.answers B．questions
C．stars D．eyes
答案与解析：A　根据前文的“What engaged my brain then？”以及本句中的“books”可知，作者在回忆生孩子之前什么吸引她，她在房子里漫步时，答案明摆在她面前，那就是书。故选A。
7．A.website B．comment
C．motivation D．title
答案与解析：C　根据本句中的“50 Book Challenge”可知，挑战阅读50本书给了作者动力。website “网站”； comment “评论”； motivation “动力”； title “标题”。
8．A.price B．color
C．size D．subject
答案与解析：D　根据本句中的连词whatever引导让步状语从句和语境可知，此处表示无论什么话题，一年内阅读50本书即可。
9．A.dishes B．reads
C．flowers D．fruits
答案与解析：B　根据前文的“Read 50 books...I wanted”可知，作者要挑战一年读50本书，所以订购了一些读物。read在此作名词，意为“读物”，属于熟词生义的用法。
10．A.take care B．take place
C．take off D．take effect
答案与解析：D　根据语境和常识可知，一年挑战读50本书使作者有了竞争意识。take care “小心”； take place “发生”； take off “起飞”； take effect “生效，开始起作用”。
11．A.saw B．drove
C．caught D．rode
答案与解析：D　析语境：根据上文的“I found time where it had never existed before”可知，作者发现了以前从未存在过的时间→做推断：结合后文的宾语“a bus”和常识可以推断，该处表示利用搭乘公交车的时间来阅读→定答案：故选D项。
12．A.awoke B．froze
C．damaged D．suffered
答案与解析：A　根据本句中的“I had new and exciting things to discuss”可知，作者现在有新的和令人兴奋的事情可以讨论，说明大脑在慢慢清醒。awake “醒来；唤醒”； freeze “冻住”； damage “损坏”； suffer “经受，遭受”。
13．A.simple B．common
C．different D．similar
答案与解析：A　根据本句中的“to bring my __14__ back”和语境可知，作者决心要从一个简单的目标开始，那就是让大脑清醒过来。故选A。simple “简单的”； common “普遍的”； different “不同的”； similar “相似的”。
14．A.power B．time
C．brain D．son
答案与解析：C　参见上题解析。
15．A.talent B．pleasure
C．process D．skill
答案与解析：B　根据后文的“We're...with the world”可知，作者向儿子展示了读书的乐趣，他们一起读书。talent “天赋”； pleasure “愉快，快乐”； process “过程”； skill “技巧”。
Ⅲ.读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
[2024·合肥市质检]Sam, Wayne and Tim were three men in their 60s, jamming in the same dusty old garage where they used to play music when they were in high school. They chatted about old days, remembering the school days when they would take the stage and play together as a band.
Wayne looked around, wide eyed. “It's been more than 40 years since we practised here.”
“Yes! And remember how we promised to keep in touch and play together once a week？” Tim laughed.“Sam, remember our brilliant plans？”
“Ah yes! We thought we were inseparable! Now, look at us! Old and wrinkled, joints hurting, meeting at each other's grandkids' weddings... we're terrible at keeping in touch, except Will, of course. He was always calling and messaging. Where is Will He's the guy who planned this，” Sam smiled.
Just then，the three men's phones buzzed (嗡嗡地响), and the message they received made their hearts sink. It was a message from Jenny, Will's wife. Wayne rushed to his car, and the others followed. A short drive later, the three men knocked on the door of Will's house and tried to wait patiently.
Jenny looked almost unrecognizably pale and told them that Will was taking a nap. The medicines made him all weak. It moved the three men to tears to see their fourth band member in such poor health.
And that day, they found out the whole story of Will's illness. Will's heart condition was serious, and it had been worsening over the past few months. The doctor said only an operation could help. But it was going to cost at least $15，000. And after all the previous treatments, Will and Jenny didn't have that kind of money anymore. Jenny said the doctors had given Will 6 months, bursting into helpless tears. The three men comforted her and wiped their own tears. “Money isn't an issue，” Sam said as an idea came to him.
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
The next day, the three men brought their instruments to the busy street corner.
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Will was finally admitted to hospital three months later.
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One possible version：
The next day, the three men brought their instruments to the busy street corner. They set up the sound, and there was a stand with the band name “Playing for Will” and a big stack of flyers to hand out. The men stood there for hours, playing song after song from the golden era of music. They were still perfect together, except for Will's soulful voice that was missing. Although they were very busy, they were very happy to collect money for Will.
Will was finally admitted to hospital three months later. With enough money, they paid for Will's life saving surgery. The doctors were highly qualified and the surgery was very successful. Will soon recovered smoothly. Will and Jenny were very grateful to their three friends. After that, there was another jam session at the same dusty old garage. Only this time, there weren't just three happy old men recalling the old days; there were four. It seemed like yesterday once more.
答题策略
语法填空——非谓语动词
非谓语动词之间区分步骤实例(1)
例题 When electricity was discovered in the late 1800s, people________ (live) in remote areas began to use them to produce electricity.
步骤
① 找逻辑主语：people发生live这一动作，people是逻辑主语
② 判断主被动关系：people与live之间是逻辑上的主动关系
③ 判断时间关系：live动作与谓语动作began同时发生，用living
答案,living　逻辑主语people与live之间存在逻辑上的主动关系，live动作与谓语动词began动作同时发生，故用其动词 ing形式living作后置定语，修饰people。练习59　语法填空＋七选五＋完形填空
授课提示：对应学生用书148页
　
Ⅰ.语法填空
2024·云南检测 说明文 188词 ★★★★★
Global Natural History Day (GNHD)—youth science knowledge competition—took place in Shanghai on March 2, 2023, in an effort to provide a platform 1.________ primary and secondary school students to learn more about natural science.
GNHD 2.________ (launch) by Kenneth Behring in 2012 in China. It is an international education programme intended 3.________ (inspire) students' interest in natural history and science and engage them in getting outdoors and exploring their environment. It is based in Shanghai, 4.________ world famous economic and financial center. 5.________ (support) by the local museums and natural science organizations, these science knowledge competitions have been 6.________ (continuous) held for 12 years, attracting 60，000 teams 7.________ involving millions of students and teachers. In this programme, students develop problem solving abilities, deepen cross cultural understanding, and explore 8.________ the future state of the natural world will be like.
In the past decade, GNHD 9.________ (add) popular science painting, story broadcasting and science exhibition to further arouse students' interest in natural science learning. At this year's event, a new “Global Nature Day Cyber Space” platform promoting educational equity (公正) and equality was also started.
This year's GNHD returned to its offline mode. Under 2023's main theme “Seeing small things—Nature's small perspective and big vision”， natural science talent from around the world presented his or her 10.________ (achieve) in exhibitions, science paintings and storytelling.
【语篇解读】　本文介绍了全球自然历史日，该节日也叫青少年科学知识竞赛，旨在为中小学生提供一个学习自然科学的平台。
1．答案与解析：for　介词。provide sth.for sb.或provide sb.with sth.“给某人提供某事物”，是固定搭配。故填for。句意：全球自然历史日(GNHD)——青少年科学知识竞赛——于2023年3月2日在上海举行，旨在为中小学生提供一个学习更多自然科学知识的平台。
2．答案与解析：was launched　动词的时态和语态。根据时间状语in 2012可知，该动作发生在过去，故应用一般过去时；又由于launch和主语GNHD之间是被动关系，故应用被动语态。故填was launched。
3．答案与解析：to inspire　非谓语动词。动词intend后常接动词不定式，be intended to do sth.“打算做某事”，故填to inspire。
4．答案与解析：a　冠词。此处表示上海是世界著名的经济金融中心，表示泛指意义，又因word的发音以辅音因素开头，故填不定冠词a。
5．答案与解析：Supported　非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处作非谓语。support与主语these science knowledge competitions之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系，故应填过去分词Supported。句意：在当地博物馆和自然科学组织的支持下，这些科学知识竞赛已经连续举办了12年，吸引了6万个团队，数百万学生和教师参与。
6．答案与解析：continuously　副词。修饰动词held，应用副词，故填continuously。
7．答案与解析：and　连词。分析句子结构可知，“attracting 60，000 teams 7.________ involving millions of students and teachers”在句中作状语，且空格前后内容之间为并列关系，故填并列连词and。
8．答案与解析：what　宾语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处缺少宾语从句的引导词。从句中的like为介词，介词后应接宾语，且此处有“什么”的含义，故填what。句意：在这个课程中，学生们培养解决问题的能力，加深跨文化理解，并探索自然世界的未来状态将是什么样子。
9．答案与解析：has added　动词的时态和语态。根据时间状语In the past decade可知，此处应用现在完成时，又因GNHD与add是主动关系，故填has added。句意：在过去的十年中，GNHD已经增加了受欢迎的科普绘画、故事广播和科学展览，以进一步激发学生对自然科学学习的兴趣。
10．答案与解析：achievement/achievements　名词。根据空前的his or her可知，此处应填名词，又根据语境可知，此处可用单数也可用复数，故填achievement/achievements。句意：来自世界各地的自然科学人才通过展览、科学绘画和讲故事的方式展示了他们的成就。
Ⅱ.七选五
2024·杭州质检 说明文 277词 ★★★★☆
We all know that leading a healthy lifestyle is essential, but sometimes it's hard to stick to good habits. If you're looking to make some changes and improve your health, this blog post is for you! __1__
Get moving
It's no secret that exercise is good for you. Not only does it help to improve your overall health, but it can also boost your mood and increase your energy levels. __2__ This could include going for a brisk walk, riding your bike, or taking a fitness class. There's no need to go all out. Even moderate activity around your house, such as working in your garden, can benefit significantly.
Reduce or get rid of sugar
Sugar can cause inflammation (发炎) and worsen existing health conditions like diabetes and heart disease. __3__ When you cut sugar out of your diet, you'll likely notice an improvement in your energy levels, mental clarity, and overall sense of well being. You may even drop a few pounds.
Drink more water
Your body comprises about 60% water. It helps flush toxins out of your body, carry nutrients to your cells, and keep your skin healthy. It helps improve your mood and energy levels and helps you lose weight. __4__ Also, it may surprise you how much better you feel.
Get enough sleep
A good night's sleep is one of the best things you can do for your health and wellness. When you sleep enough, your body has adequate time to recharge and heal from the day's activities, which also helps to improve focus and concentration, and help boost your mood. __5__
A．It can also lead to weight gain and make you feel exhausted.
B．You may have heard the advice to drink eight glasses of water a day.
C．These tips can help you get the restful sleep you need to feel your best.
D．Here are some simple tips that can help you turn things around within 30 days.
E．So next time you're feeling tired, reach for a glass of water instead of a cup of coffee.
F．One way to make exercising easier is to set a daily goal of 30 minutes of physical activity.
G．However, when you don't get enough rest, you're more likely to have trouble concentrating.
1．答案与解析：D　分析篇章结构和设空的特点可知，空处为主旨句，旨在引出下文中的四条建议，故D项“这里有一些简单的建议，可以帮助你在30天内扭转局面”符合语境。
2．答案与解析：F　分析语境寻线索：本部分的小标题为“Get moving”，因此，本部分旨在围绕锻炼给出建议→对比选项定答案：F项“让锻炼较为容易的一种方法是设定每天30分钟的体能活动目标”讲的内容是锻炼，且下文中的“This could include going for a brisk walk，riding your bike，or taking a fitness class”指的正是F项中的“physical activity”，故F项符合语境。
3．答案与解析：A　本部分的小标题讲到了“减少或戒掉糖”；空前句中的“Sugar can cause inflammation (发炎)and worsen existing health conditions”说的是糖的危害，A项“它还会导致体重增加，让你感到疲惫”承接上一句，讲到的也是糖的危害，故A项符合语境。
4．答案与解析：E　空前句讲到了水对人体的重要性，空后讲到了喝水给你身体带来的好处，由此可知，空处与空后内容形成递进关系，讲到的应该是要喝水，E项“所以下次你感到累的时候，喝杯水而不要喝咖啡”创造了一种情景，讲述了喝水可以缓解疲劳，本句可以完美地引出下文，故E项符合语境。
5．答案与解析：G　本部分的小标题是“Get enough sleep”，与话题内容相关的有C项和G项。空前讲到了睡眠充足可以带来的好处，而没有提出一些建议，故C项错误，G项符合语境。
Ⅲ.完形填空
2024·石家庄摸底 记叙文 248词 ★★★☆☆
Patrick, SCHEELS store's fishing manager, always helps customers with their angling (垂钓运动) needs, but one __1__ stood out.
One day, a young boy named Xander entered the store with his mother, Brynn. Patrick noticed his eyes were filled with __2__ about the world of fishing. For nearly half an hour, they __3__ their shared passion. Brynn shared the __4__ of Xander's connection to angling, explaining, “My dad, a fisherman, passed away last year, but Xander never got to go fishing with him. So over the last year, he's been __5__ Grandpa, wishing he could go fishing with him.”
__6__ by Xander's longing for a connection to his late grandfather, Patrick decided to take action and __7__ Xander his first fishing pole. “It was sixty dollars and he bought it with his own money，” Xander said. This __8__ gesture brought tears to Brynn's eyes, and she acknowledged that such acts of kindness aren't __9__.
However, Patrick's generosity didn't __10__ here. The 22 year old fishing enthusiast went a step further by __11__ a memorable fishing trip for Xander and his family. To __12__ that Xander had an enriching experience, two professional anglers from SCHEELS __13__ him on the trip, offering guidance and teaching him valuable skills.
Patrick's kindness was __14__ a breath of fresh air for Xander and his family, who described the fishing trip as a once in a lifetime __15__. “I felt like it was my due diligence to pass on the good word of fishing，” Patrick said.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。SCHEELS的经理Patrick总是乐于助人。一天，他听说顾客Xander因未能在外公生前和他一起进行一次垂钓而遗憾不已，这份孝心打动了Patrick。于是，他自掏腰包为Xander买了鱼竿，并组织了一次垂钓之旅，还邀请专业钓鱼高手为其提供指导，这让Xander一家倍感宽慰。
1．A.argument B．journey
C．adventure D．encounter
答案与解析：D　根据上文中的“always helps customers with their angling (垂钓运动) needs”可知，Patrick总是帮助顾客满足他们的垂钓需求，而与其中一位顾客的相遇(encounter)尤为引人注目。argument“争论，争辩”；adventure“冒险，冒险经历”；encounter“相遇，邂逅”。
2．A.curiosity B．nervousness
C．concern D．regret
答案与解析：A　根据下文中的“For nearly half an hour, they __3__ their shared passion”可以看出，Xander对垂钓充满了热情，由此可以推断，他的眼中充满了对垂钓世界的好奇(curiosity)。nervousness“焦虑的，担忧的”；concern“担心，关切”；regret“后悔，遗憾”。
3．A.debated over B．bonded over
C．stuck to D．turned to
答案与解析：B　根据空后的“shared passion”和下文中的“Patrick decided to take action”可以推断，二人之间因为共同的爱好建立起了联系(bonded over)。debate over“关于……进行辩论”；stick to“坚持，维持”；turn to“向……求助(或寻求指教等)”。
4．A.wisdom B．evidence
C．significance D．definition
答案与解析：C　根据空后Brynn的解释“My dad, a fisherman, passed away last year... wishing he could go fishing with him”可知，对Xander来说，垂钓有着特殊的意义(significance)。wisdom“智慧”；evidence“证明，证据”；definition“定义，清晰度”。
5．A.missing B．blaming
C．admiring D．persuading
答案与解析：A　根据空前Brynn的解释可知，Xander的外公去年去世了，他从未和外公一起垂钓过，在过去的一年里，他一直在思念(missing)外公，希望能和他一起去钓鱼。blame“责怪，责备”；admire“钦佩，赞赏”；persuade“劝说，说服”。
6．A.Annoyed B．Touched
C．Amused D．Surprised
答案与解析：B　根据上文中的“over the last year, he's been __5__ Grandpa, wishing he could go fishing with him”和常识可知，如此孝顺的Xander让Patrick深受感动 (touched)，并决定伸出援手。annoyed“恼怒，生气”；amused“被逗乐的，觉得好笑的”。
7．A.gifted B．lent
C．showed D．made
答案与解析：A　根据下文中的“It was sixty dollars and he bought it with his own money”可知，Patrick自掏腰包，买了鱼竿，送给(gifted)Xander。注意此处gift作动词，意为“赠送，白送，白给”。
8．A.ambitious B．strange
C．genuine D．urgent
答案与解析：C　根据下文中的“such acts of kindness”和“Patrick's generosity”可知，Patrick对Xander付出了真诚的(genuine)行动。ambitious“有野心的，有雄心的”；genuine“真诚的，诚实的”；urgent“紧急的，紧迫的，迫切的”。
9．A.practical B．avoidable
C．secure D．common
答案与解析：D　结合选项可知，“不常见”符合对Patrick善举的评价。也正是这样不寻常的慷慨付出让Brynn感动落泪。故选D。practical“实际的，切实可行的”；avoidable“可以避免的”；secure“可靠的，安全的”。
10．A.root B．stop
C．appear D．reach
答案与解析：B　根据空后的“The 22 year old fishing enthusiast went a step further”可知，Patrick的善举并未就此停止(stop)，他还决定更进一步帮助Xander。root“(使)生根”。
11．A.recording B．postponing
C．organizing D．canceling
答案与解析：C　结合上文可知，Patrick决定采取进一步的行动，于是，他为Xander一家组织(organizing)了一次难忘的垂钓之旅。postpone“延迟，延期”；cancel“取消，撤销”。
12．A.reveal B．stress
C．prove D．ensure
答案与解析：D　根据下文中的“two professional anglers from SCHEELS... offering guidance and teaching him valuable skills”可知，为了确保(ensure) Xander能够获得丰富的垂钓体验，Patrick邀请了两位专业的钓鱼高手为其提供指导。reveal“揭示，展示”；stress“强调，着重”；ensure“确保，保证”。
13．A.accompanied B．monitored
C．assessed D．sponsored
答案与解析：A　结合第12题解析可知，为了确保Xander能够获得丰富的垂钓体验，两位专业的钓鱼高手陪伴(accompanied) Xander旅行。accompany“陪伴，陪同，伴随”；monitor“关注，监视，监听”；assess“评价，评定，估算，估定”；sponsor“赞助；主办，举办，促成”。
14．A.possibly B．initially
C．truly D．mainly
答案与解析：C　根据下文中对这次旅行的评价“once in a lifetime”可知，Patrick的善举真的(truly)为Xander一家带来一股新的气息。initially“开始，最初，起初”。
15．A.deal B．experience
C．task D．performance
答案与解析：B　此处考查词汇复现，呼应上文中的“an enriching experience”。Xander一家称这次垂钓之旅为千载难逢的经历(experience)。
答题策略
语法填空——比较级
常见的比较级应用
① 参照比较级标志词than，应用比较级
② 有介词of/in短语表示比较范围的，或是有定语从句限定表示比较范围的，应用最高级。但注意He is the better of the two的固定表达形式。
③ as... as之间用原级练习48　阅读理解＋七选五＋应用文写作
授课提示：对应学生用书120页
　
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
2024·广东模拟Ⅰ 说明文 310词 ★★★★☆
For some people, October is Octobear. On October 5, Katmai National Park and Preserve in southern Alaska kicked off Fat Bear Week, when fans compare before and after photos of bears to vote for the one they think has gained the most weight before they bed down for the long freezing winter. Bear 747, also known as “Bear Force One”， took the first place spot with 68，105 votes. It weighed around 1，400 pounds.
Fat Bear Week started in 2014. At first, it was just Fat Bear Tuesday. Mike Fitz, a former park keeper at Katmai, noticed that live webcams showing the bears generated a lot of online comments, so he let people vote for their favorite fat bear on the Internet. The one day event attracted 1，700 votes. In 2015 , it was extended to a week. Last year, nearly 800，000 people got involved, turning it into a global campaign.
The contest serves two main purposes. First, some of America's national parks are in remote and undeveloped areas, which are difficult or costly to reach. Fat Bear Week brings Alaska's wilderness to fans' computer screens. “ It's not limited to the fortunate few who can go to the river anymore，” Fitz said.
Second, Fat Bear Week brings attention to the bears and the ecosystems they live in. “ The 2，200 bears of Katmai are strong for feeding on some of the healthiest salmon (三文鱼) in the world，” said Sara Wolman, a former park keeper. Salmon in the Pacific Northwest are suffering from overfishing, dam construction and warming rivers due to climate change. Luckily, Brooks River, which Katmai's bears like to fish in, has been free from these threats so far.
Fat Bear Week has spread like viruses. Fans and creators say it's because it shows a conservation success story. For one week, people don't have to focus on climate change or habitat loss. “ Maybe things aren't super great all the time in the world，” said Felicia Jimenez, who is a current Katmai keeper. “ But there are some really fat bears in Alaska. ”
【语篇解读】　本文介绍了位于阿拉斯加州南部的卡特迈国家公园和自然保护区举办的“胖熊周”活动。文章详细说明了该活动的安排、来历、目的和意义。
1．Why was Bear 747 the winner
A．It was the heaviest.
B．It was the most famous.
C．It gained the most pounds.
D．It presented the best photos.
答案与解析：C　理解具体信息。根据第一段中的“vote for the one they think has gained the most weight...took the first place spot with 68，105 votes”可知，747号熊之所以能够在比赛中脱颖而出是因为它增重最多，故选C。
2．What is the purpose of Paragraph 2
A．To praise Mike Fitz for his work.
B．To review the history of the event.
C．To show the popularity of fat bears.
D．To explain the role of live webcams.
答案与解析：B　理解目的。第二段以时间为线索，说明了胖熊周开始于2014年，且刚开始的时候为期仅仅一天；到了2015年，该活动延长至一周；去年，该活动成为一项全球性活动。由此可知，此段主要回顾了胖熊周的历史，故选B。
3．What can we learn about Katmai's bears
A．They bring tourists to the park.
B．They have a stable food source.
C．They remain difficult to be seen.
D．They face a population decline.
答案与解析：B　理解具体信息。明题意：本题问“关于卡特迈的熊，我们能了解到什么？”→寻线索：根据第四段最后一句话“Luckily, Brooks River，which Katmai's bears like to fish in, has been free from these threats so far”可知，幸运的是，到目前为止，卡特迈的熊喜欢在布鲁克斯河捕鱼的地方还没有受到这些威胁→定答案：由此可知，卡特迈的熊有稳定的食物来源，故选B。
4．Which can be the best title for the text
A．Fat Bear Week: Conservation Is Joyful
B．Brown Bears: Winter Survival Is Crucial
C．Bear 747: A Fat Yet Healthy Champion
D．Katmai's Bears: A Special Beauty Contest
答案与解析：A　理解文章主旨要义。文章第一段提到了卡特迈国家公园和自然保护区发起的“胖熊周”活动，该活动吸引了无数的粉丝，后面的内容围绕这一活动展开。综合各选项可知，A项概括了文章的大意，最适合作本文的标题，故选A。
B
2022·全国乙卷 应用文 321词 ★★★★☆
In 1916, two girls of wealthy families, best friends from Auburn, N．Y.—Dorothy Woodruff and Rosamond Underwood—traveled to a settlement in the Rocky Mountains to teach in a one room schoolhouse. The girls had gone to Smith College. They wore expensive clothes. So for them to move to Elkhead, Colo. to instruct the children whose shoes were held together with string was a surprise. Their stay in Elkhead is the subject of Nothing Daunted: The Unexpected Education of Two Society Girls in the West by Dorothy Wickenden, who is a magazine editor and Dorothy Woodruff's granddaughter.
Why did they go then Well, they wanted to do something useful. Soon, however, they realized what they had undertaken.
They moved in with a local family, the Harrisons, and like them, had little privacy, rare baths, and a blanket of snow on their quilt when they woke up in the morning. Some mornings, Rosamond and Dorothy would arrive at the schoolhouse to find the children weeping from the cold. In spring, the snow was replaced by mud over ice.
In Wickenden's book, she expanded on the history of the West and also on feminism, which of course influenced the girls' decision to go to Elkhead. A hair raising section concerns the building of the railroads, which entailed (牵涉) drilling through the Rockies, often in blinding snowstorms. The book ends with Rosamond and Dorothy's return to Auburn.
Wickenden is a very good storyteller. The sweep of the land and the stoicism (坚忍) of the people move her to some beautiful writing. Here is a picture of Dorothy Woodruff, on her horse, looking down from a hill top：“When the sun slipped behind the mountains, it shed a rosy glow all around them. Then a full moon rose. The snow was marked only by small animals: foxes, coyotes, mice, and varying hares, which turned white in the winter.”
【语篇解读】　这是一篇书评。本文简要介绍了Dorothy Wickenden的书籍并对其进行了评价。
5．Why did Dorothy and Rosamond go to the Rocky Mountains
A．To teach in a school.
B．To study American history.
C．To write a book.
D．To do sightseeing.
答案与解析：A　细节理解题。根据第一段“In 1916, two girls of wealthy families, best friends from Auburn, N．Y.—Dorothy Woodruff and Rosamond Underwood—traveled to a settlement in the Rocky Mountains to teach in a one room schoolhouse. (1916年，来自纽约奥本市的两个富裕家庭的女孩——Dorothy Woodruff和Rosamond Underwood——来到落基山脉的一个定居点，在一间只有一个房间的学校教书。)”可知，Dorothy和Rosamond去落基山脉是为了去学校里教书。故选A项。
6．What can we learn about the girls from Paragraph 3
A．The enjoyed much respect.
B．They had a room with a bathtub.
C．They lived with the local kids.
D．They suffered severe hardships.
答案与解析：D　推理判断题。根据第三段“They moved in with a local family, the Harrisons, and like them, had little privacy, rare baths, and a blanket of snow on their quilt when they woke up in the morning.(他们和一个当地家庭，哈里森一家一起搬进去，和他们一样，几乎没有隐私，很少洗澡，早上醒来时被子上覆盖着一层雪。)”以及“In spring, the snow was replaced by mud over ice.(在春天，雪被泥替代覆盖在冰上。)”可知，女孩们的生活条件非常艰苦，她们饱受磨难。故选D项。
7．Which part of Wickenden's writing is hair raising
A．The extreme climate of Auburn.
B．The living conditions in Elkhead.
C．The railroad building in the Rockies.
D．The natural beauty of the West.
答案与解析：C　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“A hair raising section concerns the building of the railroads, which entailed drilling through the Rockies, often in blinding snowstorms.(令人毛骨悚然的一段与铁路建设有关，这涉及到在令人眩目的暴风雪中钻穿落基山脉。)”可知，Wickenden的作品中涉及落基山脉的铁路建设这一部分是令人毛骨悚然的。故选C项。
8．What is the text
A．A news report. B．A book review.
C．A children's story. D．A diary entry.
答案与解析：B　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“The book ends with Rosamond and Dorothy's return to Auburn.(这本书以Rosamond和Dorothy回到奥本结束。)”以及最后一段“Wickenden is a very good storyteller. The sweep of the land and the stoicism of the people move her to some beautiful writing.(Wickenden是个很好的讲故事的人。大地的辽阔和人们的坚忍使她创作出了一些美丽的作品。)”可知，本文简要介绍了Wickenden的书籍内容，并对其进行了评价，所以本文是一篇书评。故选B项。
Ⅱ.七选五
2024·东北五市质检 说明文 245词 ★★★☆☆
A three act structure is one particular way in which a story can be told and is often employed to write a screenplay. __1__. Though some writers find it imperfect, this structure works well for many screenplays.
The first act of the three act structure is typically described as being the first fourth of a story. A 120 minute film would have the first act of about 30 minutes in length. In this section, the main and supporting characters are introduced and the basic problem of the story is presented. __2__．
Following the plot point, the second act of a story begins, as the hero sets off to solve the problem. __3__； therefore, it might be the middle 60 minutes of a 120 minute film. During this act, numerous obstacles (障碍) arise to prevent the hero from solving the problem.
At one point in the second act, all hope seems lost and the characters believe that success cannot be achieved. This is called the midpoint and falls about halfway through the story. __4__， and continue moving with renewed purpose toward the plot point that ends the second act.
__5__. In other words, it is about the last 30 minutes of a 120 minute film. In this section, the problem reaches its climax (高潮) at the moment of the greatest dramatic tension. Once this occurs, the problem is essentially solved and the remaining story is a resolution. It allows the audience to return to normality and enjoy the victory of the hero over the problem.
A．They come through this, however
B．This act is usually half of the story
C．The problem seems to be challenging
D．The final act is the last fourth of the story
E．They have reached a low point, experiencing a “false” loss
F．It ends with a plot point that consists of the hero taking on the problem
G．This basic format breaks up the story into three pieces, each called an “act”
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在编写电影剧本时经常采用的三幕式结构。
1．答案与解析：G　解题步骤如下：
①分析语境 寻线索 空前提到三幕式结构是讲述故事的一种特殊方式，在写电影剧本时也经常使用，这是对三幕式结构的具体解释；空后提到对这一结构的评价。由此可知，空处应承接上文，进一步对三幕式结构进行阐释。
②对比选项 定答案 G项“这种基本形式将故事分成三部分，每一部分称为‘一幕’”与空前内容衔接紧密，且能够总领下文的“The first act”“the second act”等内容，符合语境。
2.答案与解析：F　解题步骤如下：
①分析语境 寻线索 根据空前内容可知，本段主要介绍的是三幕式结构中第一幕的具体内容，因此空处应呼应此主题。再结合下一段开头的“Following the plot point... the problem”可知，空处内容还应能够引出下文，且涉及“plot point”“problem”。
②对比选项 定答案 F项“它以一个情节点结束，该情节点是主人公承担起解决问题的责任”承上启下，符合语境。F项中的“a plot point”和“taking on the problem”与下文中的“the plot point”和“solve the problem”对应。
3.答案与解析：B　空前提到故事的第二幕开始了。空后提到因此，它可能是一部120分钟的电影的中间60分钟。由此可知，空处内容应与故事的第二幕有关，且能与空后内容构成因果关系，故B项“这一幕通常是故事的一半”符合语境。
4．答案与解析：A　空前提到在第二幕的某一时刻，所有的希望似乎都破灭了，剧中的角色都认为成功是不可能实现的，空后提到带着新的决心继续朝着第二幕结束的情节点前进。由此可知，空处应提到剧中的角色已经克服了困难。A项“然而，他们还是挺过来了”符合语境。该选项中的“They”指代上文中的“the characters”，“this”指代上文提到的所有的希望似乎都破灭了，剧中的角色都认为成功是不可能实现的这一情况。
5．答案与解析：D　空处为段落主题句。根据文章的整体结构以及空后提到的换句话说，它是一部120分钟的电影的最后30分钟可知，空处应是在说明三幕式结构中的第三幕。D项“最后一幕是故事的最后四分之一”能够总领下文，符合语境。
Ⅲ.应用文写作
[2024·重庆市质调]假定你是李华，应邀为某英文网站写一则简讯，报道你校上周五下午在第一学术报告厅举行的汉语经典朗诵比赛(A Chinese Classic Recitation Competition)。内容包括：
1．参赛选手；
2．比赛过程；
3．活动意义。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2．可适当发挥，以使内容连贯；
3．请按如下格式作答。
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
One possible version：
A Chinese Classic Recitation Competition
Last Friday afternoon, our school witnessed a Chinese Classic Recitation Competition at the first lecture hall to encourage us students to appreciate Chinese culture. Representatives of each class took an active part in the competition.
Participants were required to recite a Chinese classic within five minutes. Many classic works were recited, among which poems were the most popular choice. After a hot competition, the first ten winners were chosen and awarded prizes at different levels.
The competition offered a wonderful opportunity for us to have a better understanding of Chinese classics, stirring up our further love for Chinese culture.练习6　单句语法填空＋阅读理解
授课提示：对应学生用书13页
　
Ⅰ.单句语法填空(谓语动词Ⅱ)
1．[2024·浙江宁波镇海中学检测]A few months after he had arrived in China, Mr. Smith ________ (fall) in love with the people and culture here.
答案与解析：fell　句意为：史密斯先生到中国几个月后，就爱上了这里的人民和文化。根据语境和after he had arrived可知， fall in love表示的动作发生在had arrived之后，此处应用一般过去时。故填fell。
2．[2024·河南郑州外国语学校期中]In my younger years, my father gave me some advice that I ________ (turn) over in my mind ever since.
答案与解析：have been turning/have turned　句意为：我年轻的时候，我父亲给了我一些忠告，从那以后我一直对其进行反复思考。根据定语从句中的时间状语ever since和语境可知，设空处表示的动作一直持续到现在，并可能持续下去，所以可用现在完成进行时；也可用现在完成时表示过去的动作对现在的影响。故填have been turning/have turned。
3．[2024·河北名校联盟联考]She survived but the fever left its permanent mark—she ________ (rob) of sight and hearing.
答案与解析：was robbed　句意为：她活了下来，但高烧留下了永久的印记——她失去了视力和听力。由survived和left可知，本句为一般过去时，且she与rob之间为被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态；主语she是第三人称单数，故填was robbed。
4．[2024·江苏泰兴期中调研]For years, the Administrative Institution of the Mogao Caves ________ (cooperate) with international counterparts to study conservation and site management.
答案与解析：has been cooperating/has cooperated　句意为：多年来，莫高窟管理机构一直与国际同行合作，研究(遗址)保护和遗址管理。结合时间状语for years和语境可知，此处强调动作从过去一直持续到现在，并且会一直持续下去，可用现在完成进行时或现在完成时；主语为可数名词单数，故填has been cooperating/has cooperated。
5．The teacher has confidence in the naughty but clever boy and is sure that he ________ (admit) to a key university next year.
答案与解析：will be admitted　老师对这个调皮但聪明的男孩有信心，并确信他明年会被一所重点大学录取。根据句意和句中的“has”“is”“next year”可知，空处表示的应是将来的动作；又因he和admit之间是被动关系，故应用一般将来时的被动语态。
6．You can pick me up at my house at 7：30 pm. I ________ (wait) for you at that time.
答案与解析：will be waiting　你可以在晚上7：30来我家接我。那时我将正等着你。根据句意可知，此处表示将来某个时刻正在发生的动作，故用将来进行时。
7．No one can know in advance when an earthquake ________ (strike).
答案与解析：will strike　没有人能预先知道什么时候会发生地震。when在句中引导宾语从句，且根据句意可知，此处的地震发生在将来，需用一般将来时。
8．The book which tells the story of a little fish who steals a hat from a big sleeping fish ________ (write) by the Canadian author Jon Klassen.
答案与解析：was written　这本讲述了一条小鱼从一条熟睡的大鱼那里偷了一顶帽子的故事的书是加拿大作家Jon Klassen写的。“写”的动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时；同时The book和write之间为被动关系，应用被动语态，故填was written。
9．Henry goes to a free class every Sunday afternoon which ________ (start) at 4 pm.
答案与解析：starts　Henry每个星期天下午都去听一节四点开始的免费课。根据语境可知，此处表示一贯的动作，应用一般现在时。
10．—Lucy, why didn't you go to see the film with us at 7 pm yesterday
—Sorry, but I ________ (do) my homework.
答案与解析：was doing　根据语境和时间状语“at 7 pm yesterday”可知，此处应用过去进行时表示过去某个时间点正在发生的动作。
Ⅱ.阅读理解
A
2024·新课标Ⅱ卷，A 应用文 288词 ★★☆☆☆
Choice of Walks for Beginner and Experienced Walkers
The Carlow Autumn Walking Festival is a great opportunity for the beginner, experienced or advanced walker to enjoy the challenges of Carlow's mountain hikes or the peace of its woodland walks.
Walk 1—The Natural World
With environmentalist anna Lamhna as the guide, this walk promises to be an informative tour. Walkers are sure to learn lots about the habitats and natural world of the Blackstairs.
Date and Time: Saturday, 1st October, at 09：00
Start Point: Scratoes Bridge
Walk Duration: 6 hours
Walk 2—Introduction to Hillwalking
Emmanuel Chappard, an experienced guide, has a passion for making the great outdoors accessible to all. This mountain walk provides an insight into the skills required for hillwalking to ensure you get the most from future walking trips.
Date and Time: Sunday, 2nd October, at 09：00
Start Point: Deerpark Car Park
Walk Duration: 5 hours
Walk 3—Moonlight Under the Stars
Walking at night time is a great way to step out of your comfort zone. Breathtaking views of the lowlands of Carlow can be enjoyed in the presence of welcoming guides from local walking clubs. A torch (手电筒) along with suitable clothing is essential for walking in the dark. Those who are dressed inappropriately will be refused permission to participate.
Date and Time: Saturday, 1st October, at 18：30
Start Point: The Town Hall
Walk Duration: 3 hours
Walk 4—Photographic Walk in Kilbrannish Forest
This informative walk led by Richard Smyth introduces you to the basic principles of photography in the wild. Bring along your camera and enjoy the wonderful views along this well surfaced forest path.
Date and Time: Sunday, 2nd October, at 11：45
Start Point: Kilbrannish Forest Recreation Area
Walk Duration: 1.5 hours
语篇类型：应用文　主题语境：人与自然——人与环境——卡洛秋季徒步健身活动
【语篇解读】　本文主要介绍了卡洛秋季步行节给新手、有经验的或高阶的徒步者提供的四条徒步旅行线路的基本信息。
1．Which walk takes the shortest time
A．The Natural World.
B．Introduction to Hillwalking.
C．Moonlight Under the Stars.
D．Photographic Walk in Kilbrannish Forest.
答案与解析：D　理解具体信息。根据四条线路中的Walk Duration部分的信息我们可以得知，四条线路的徒步时长分别为6小时、5小时、3小时和1.5小时。故Photographic Walk in Kilbrannish Forest用时最短。故选D项。
2．What are participants in Walk 3 required to do
A．Wear proper clothes.
B．Join a walking club.
C．Get special permits.
D．Bring a survival guide.
答案与解析：A　理解具体信息。根据Walk 3—Moonlight Under the Stars中的“A torch (手电筒) along with suitable clothing is essential for walking in the dark. Those who are dressed inappropriately will be refused permission to participate”可知，穿着不当的人将被拒绝参加该活动，即参加Walk 3的徒步者需要穿着合适的衣服。故选A项。B项“加入徒步俱乐部”；C项“获得特别许可证”；D项“携带生存指南”。
3．What do the four walks have in common
A．They involve difficult climbing.
B．They are for experienced walkers.
C．They share the same start point.
D．They are scheduled for the weekend.
答案与解析：D　理解具体信息。根据四条线路中的Date and Time部分的信息可知，四项活动的举办时间都是在周六或者周日，故选D项。A项“它们涉及困难的攀爬”；B项“它们是为有经验的徒步者举办的”；C项“它们有共同的起点”；D项“它们被安排在周末”。
B
2023·新课标Ⅱ卷 记叙文 300词 ★☆☆☆☆
Turning soil, pulling weeds, and harvesting cabbage sound like tough work for middle and high school kids. And at first it is, says Abby Jaramillo, who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts, a school garden program at four low income schools. The program aims to help students develop science skills, environmental awareness, and healthy lifestyles.
Jaramillo's students live in neighborhoods where fresh food and green space are not easy to find and fast food restaurants outnumber grocery stores. “The kids literally come to school with bags of snacks and large bottles of soft drinks，” she says. “They come to us thinking vegetables are awful, dirt is awful, insects are awful.” Though some are initially scared of the insects and turned off by the dirt, most are eager to try something new.
Urban Sprouts' classes, at two middle schools and two high schools, include hands on experiments such as soil testing, flower and seed dissection, tastings of fresh or dried produce, and work in the garden. Several times a year, students cook the vegetables they grow, and they occasionally make salads for their entire schools.
Program evaluations show that kids eat more vegetables as a result of the classes. “We have students who say they went home and talked to their parents and now they're eating differently，” Jaramillo says.
She adds that the program's benefits go beyond nutrition. Some students get so interested in gardening that they bring home seeds to start their own vegetable gardens. Besides, working in the garden seems to have a calming effect on Jaramillo's special education students, many of whom have emotional control issues. “They get outside，” she says, “and they feel successful.”
【语篇解读】　本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了Abby Jaramillo等老师在低收入学校发起的培养学生科学能力，环保意识以及健康生活方式的Urban Sprouts花园项目，让学生通过体验乡村生活，对学生影响深远。
4．What do we know about Abby Jaramillo
A．She used to be a health worker.
B．She grew up in a low income family.
C．She owns a fast food restaurant.
D．She is an initiator of Urban Sprouts.
答案与解析：D　细节理解题。根据第一段的“And at first it is, says Abby Jaramillo, who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts, a school garden program at four low income schools.(起初是这样的，艾比·哈拉米洛说，她和另一位老师在四所低收入学校启动了‘Urban Sprouts’学校花园项目。)”可知，艾比·哈拉米洛是Urban Sprouts的发起者。故选D。
5．What was a problem facing Jaramillo at the start of the program
A．The kids' parents distrusted her.
B．Students had little time for her classes.
C．Some kids disliked garden work.
D．There was no space for school gardens.
答案与解析：C　推理判断题。根据第二段的“she says. ‘They come to us thinking vegetables are awful, dirt is awful, insects are awful.’ Though some are initially scared of the insects and turned off by the dirt, most are eager to try something new.(她说。‘他们来找我们，认为蔬菜很可怕，泥土很可怕，昆虫也很可怕。’虽然有些人一开始害怕昆虫，对泥土感到厌烦，但大多数人都渴望尝试新的东西。)”可知，项目之初，一些学生不喜欢园艺工作。故选C。
6．Which of the following best describes the impact of the program
A．Far reaching. B．Predictable.
C．Short lived. D．Unidentifiable.
答案与解析：A　推理判断题。根据最后一段“She adds that the program's benefits go beyond nutrition. Some students get so interested in gardening that they bring home seeds to start their own vegetable gardens. Besides, working in the garden seems to have a calming effect on Jaramillo's special education students, many of whom have emotional control issues. ‘They get outside，’ she says, ‘and they feel successful.’(她补充说，该计划的好处不仅仅是营养。有些学生对园艺非常感兴趣，他们把种子带回家开始自己的菜园。此外，在花园里工作似乎对Jaramillo的特殊教育学生有镇静作用，他们中的许多人都有情绪控制问题。‘他们走了出去，’她说，‘他们觉得成功。’)”可知，这个项目不仅给学生提供了有营养的食物，而且许多学生回家开创了自己的菜园，对有情绪控制问题的学生也起到了镇静作用，从而推知，该项目的影响是深远的。故选A。
7．What can be a suitable title for the text
A．Rescuing School Gardens
B．Experiencing Country Life
C．Growing Vegetable Lovers
D．Changing Local Landscape
答案与解析：C　主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了Abby Jaramillo发起Urban Sprouts项目，带领学生种植蔬菜的故事，学生们开始对园艺感兴趣。因此C项“蔬菜种植爱好者”适合作为本文标题。故选C。练习15　阅读理解＋应用文写作
授课提示：对应学生用书35页
　
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
2024·新课标Ⅰ卷，D 说明文 354词 ★★★☆☆
　　In the race to document the species on Earth before they go extinct, researchers and citizen scientists have collected billions of records. Today, most records of biodiversity are often in the form of photos, videos, and other digital records. Though they are useful for detecting shifts in the number and variety of species in an area, a new Stanford study has found that this type of record is not perfect.
“With the rise of technology it is easy for people to make observations of different species with the aid of a mobile application，” said Barnabas Daru, who is lead author of the study and assistant professor of biology in the Stanford School of Humanities and Sciences. “These observations now outnumber the primary data that comes from physical specimens (标本), and since we are increasingly using observational data to investigate how species are responding to global change, I wanted to know: Are they usable？”
Using a global dataset of 1.9 billion records of plants, insects, birds, and animals, Daru and his team tested how well these data represent actual global biodiversity patterns.
“We were particularly interested in exploring the aspects of sampling that tend to bias (使有偏差) data, like the greater likelihood of a citizen scientist to take a picture of a flowering plant instead of the grass right next to it，” said Daru.
Their study revealed that the large number of observation only records did not lead to better global coverage. Moreover, these data are biased and favor certain regions, time periods, and species. This makes sense because the people who get observational biodiversity data on mobile devices are often citizen scientists recording their encounters with species in areas nearby. These data are also biased toward certain species with attractive or eye catching features.
What can we do with the imperfect datasets of biodiversity
“Quite a lot，” Daru explained. “Biodiversity apps can use our study results to inform users of oversampled areas and lead them to places—and even species—that are not well sampled. To improve the quality of observational data, biodiversity apps can also encourage users to have an expert confirm the identification of their uploaded image.”
语篇类型：说明文　主题语境：人与社会——科学研究——生物样本数据的可用性
【语篇解读】　本文主要介绍了一个有关生物样本数据的研究。文章探究了生物样本数据的可用性，指出了实证研究发现的问题并提出了提高数据质量的措施。
1．What do we know about the records of species collected now
A．They are becoming outdated.
B．They are mostly in electronic form.
C．They are limited in number.
D．They are used for public exhibition.
答案与解析：B　理解具体信息。根据第一段的“Today, most records of biodiversity are...videos, and other digital records.”可知，现在，大多数生物多样性的记录通常以照片、视频和其他的数字记录形式存在。故选B项。选项中的“electronic form”是对原文中的“videos，and other digital records”的同义转换。
2．What does Daru's study focus on
A．Threatened species. B．Physical specimens.
C．Observational data. D．Mobile applications.
答案与解析：C　理解具体信息。根据第二段的“and since we are increasingly using observational data...Are they usable？”可知，Daru及其团队使用观察数据来研究物种是如何对全球变化作出回应的，他想知道这些观察数据是否可用。再根据第三段的内容可知，Daru及其团队使用一个全球数据集，测试这些数据在多大程度上展示了实际的全球生物多样性模式。由此可知，Daru的研究关注观察数据。故选C项。A项“濒危物种”；B项“实物标本”；C项“观察数据”；D项“手机应用程序”。
3．What has led to the biases according to the study
A.Mistakes in data analysis.
B．Poor quality of uploaded pictures.
C．Improper way of sampling.
D．Unreliable data collection devices.
答案与解析：C　推断。根据第四段的“We were particularly interested...instead of the grass right next to it”可知，研究人员对探索可能导致数据偏差的采样的方方面面特别感兴趣，比如公民科学家很有可能只拍开花植物而不拍它旁边的青草。由此可知，采样方式的不当会导致数据偏差，故选C项。A项“数据分析中的错误”；B项“上传的图片质量差”；D项“数据收集设备不可靠”。
4．What is Daru's suggestion for biodiversity apps
A．Review data from certain areas.
B．Hire experts to check the records.
C．Confirm the identity of the users.
D．Give guidance to citizen scientists.
答案与解析：D　理解具体信息。根据第七段的“Biodiversity apps can use...to have an expert confirm the identification of their uploaded image”可知，生物多样性应用程序可以使用Daru他们的研究结果来让用户知道哪些地区是采样过量的地区，并且引导他们去对采样不是很好的地方或者物种进行采样。为了改善观察数据的质量，生物多样性应用程序也鼓励用户让专家确认他们上传的图片。结合第五段的“the people who get...citizen scientists”可知，这里的用户指代的是公民科学家。故选D项。A项“检查特定区域的数据”；B项“雇用专家去检查记录”；C项“确认用户身份”；D项“给公民科学家一些指导”。
B
2023·全国甲卷 说明文 285词 ★★☆☆☆
I was about 13 when an uncle gave me a copy of Jostein Gaarder's Sophie's World. It was full of ideas that were new to me, so I spent the summer with my head in and out of that book. It spoke to me and brought me into a world of philosophy (哲学).
That love for philosophy lasted until I got to college. Nothing kills the love for philosophy faster than people who think they understand Foucault, Baudrillard, or Confucius better than you — and then try to explain them.
Eric Weiner's The Socrates Express: In Search of Life Lessons from Dead Philosophers reawakened my love for philosophy. It is not an explanation, but an invitation to think and experience philosophy.
Weiner starts each chapter with a scene on a train ride between cities and then frames each philosopher's work in the context (背景) of one thing they can help us do better. The end result is a read in which we learn to wonder like Socrates, see like Thoreau, listen like Schopenhauer, and have no regrets like Nietzsche. This, more than a book about understanding philosophy, is a book about learning to use philosophy to improve a life.
He makes philosophical thought an appealing exercise that improves the quality of our experiences, and he does so with plenty of humor. Weiner enters into conversation with some of the most important philosophers in history, and he becomes part of that crowd in the process by decoding (解读) their messages and adding his own interpretation.
The Socrates Express is a fun, sharp book that draws readers in with its apparent simplicity and gradually pulls them in deeper thoughts on desire, loneliness, and aging. The invitation is clear: Weiner wants you to pick up a coffee or tea and sit down with this book. I encourage you to take his offer. It's worth your time, even if time is something we don't have a lot of.
【语篇解读】　这是一篇说明文。作者在13岁时开始喜欢哲学，随后Weiner的书The Socrates Express唤起了作者对哲学的热爱。文章通过介绍了The Socrates Express这本书，倡导读者花时间去读这本书。
5．Who opened the door to philosophy for the author
A.Foucault. B．Eric Weiner.
C．Jostein Gaarder. D．A college teacher.
答案与解析：C　细节理解题。根据第一段“I was about 13 when an uncle gave me a copy of Jostein Gaarder's Sophie's World. It was full of ideas that were new to me, so I spent the summer with my head in and out of that book. It spoke to me and brought me into a world of philosophy(哲学).(我13岁的时候，一个叔叔给了我一本Jostein Gaarder的《 Sophie的世界》。书里面的观点对我来说都很新奇，所以我整个夏天都在钻研那本书。它对我说话，把我带入一个哲学的世界。)”可知，Jostein Gaarder为作者打开了通往哲学的大门。故选C。
6．Why does the author list great philosophers in Paragraph 4
A．To compare Weiner with them.
B．To give examples of great works.
C．To praise their writing skills.
D．To help readers understand Weiner's book.
答案与解析：D　推理判断题。根据第四段中“Weiner starts each chapter with a scene on a train ride between cities and then frames each philosopher's work in the context (背景) of one thing they can help us do better. The end result is a read in which we learn to wonder like Socrates, see like Thoreau, listen like Schopenhauer, and have no regrets like Nietzsche. (Weiner在每一章的开头都描述了一个城市之间火车旅行的场景，然后将每一位哲学家的著作框定在一个他们能够帮助我们做得更好的事情上。最终的结果是，我们学会了像苏格拉底一样思考，像梭罗一样看，像叔本华一样听，像尼采一样没有遗憾。)”可知，作者在第四段开头描写了Weiner书的内容，接着作者通过列举了几位伟大的哲学家来描写读完这本书后我们能从中学到的东西，由此可推知，作者列举了几位伟大的哲学家是为了帮助读者理解Weiner的书。故选D。
7．What does the author like about The Socrates Express
A．Its views on history are well presented.
B．Its ideas can be applied to daily life.
C．It includes comments from readers.
D．It leaves an open ending.
答案与解析：B　细节理解题。根据第四段中“This, more than a book about understanding philosophy, is a book about learning to use philosophy to improve a life.(这不仅仅是一本关于理解哲学的书，更是一本关于学习运用哲学来改善生活的书。)”可知，作者喜欢The Socrates Express这本书，是因为它的思想可以应用到日常生活中。故选B。
8．What does the author think of Weiner's book
A．Objective and plain.
B．Daring and ambitious.
C．Serious and hard to follow.
D．Humorous and straightforward.
答案与解析：D　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“He makes philosophical thought an appealing exercise that improves the quality of our experiences, and he does so with plenty of humor.(他使哲学思想成为一种有吸引力的练习，可以提高我们经验的质量，而且他在做这件事的时候充满了幽默感。)”可知，Weiner的书很幽默，根据最后一段中“The Socrates Express is a fun, sharp book that draws readers in with its apparent simplicity and gradually pulls them in deeper thoughts on desire, loneliness, and aging. (The Socrates Express是一本有趣而尖锐的书，它以其表面上的简单吸引着读者，并逐渐将他们拉进对欲望、孤独和衰老的深层思考中。)”可知，Weiner的书简单易懂，由此可知，Weiner的书既幽默又简单易懂。故选D。
Ⅱ.应用文写作
[2024·新课标Ⅰ卷]假定你是李华，上周五你们班在公园上了一堂美术课。请你给英国朋友Chris写一封邮件分享这次经历，内容包括：
1．你完成的作品；
2．你的感想。
注意：1.写作词数应为80个左右；
2．请按如下格式在相应位置作答。
Dear Chris，
I'm writing to share with you an art class I had in a park last Friday.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Yours，
Li Hua
写作思路：
One possible version：
Dear Chris，
I'm writing to share with you an art class I had in a park last Friday. ①I painted the scenery of the park, where the willow branches were dancing in the breeze (微风) and several ducks were swimming in the river peacefully and happily (定语从句). The vibrant (鲜艳的) colors of the flowers, the sunlight reflecting off the water (现在分词短语作后置定语) and the tranquil (宁静的) atmosphere all added color to (给……增色) the painting.
It was such an extraordinary and memorable experience that I would always keep it in my memory. It not only provided me with an opportunity to connect my artistic creation with nature, but also enhanced (提高) my willingess to take inspiration from (从……中汲取灵感) nature in the future.
Yours，
Li Hua
一句多译：①其他表达方式：I chose to paint the scenery of the park featuring dancing willow branches in the breeze and several swimming ducks in the river.练习21　语法填空＋阅读理解
授课提示：对应学生用书51页
　
Ⅰ.语法填空
2024·新课标Ⅰ卷 说明文 225词 ★★☆☆☆
Heatherwick Studio recently built a greenhouse at the edge of the National Trust's Woolbeding Gardens. This beautiful structure, named Glasshouse, is at the centre of a new garden that shows how the Silk Road influences English gardens even in modern times.
The latest 1.________ (engineer) techniques are applied to create this protective 2.________ (function) structure that is also beautiful. The design features ten steel “sepals (萼片)” made of glass and aluminium (铝). These sepals open on warm days 3.________ (give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air. In cold weather, the structure stays 4.________ (close) to protect the plants.
Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse 5.________ (walk) visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for 6.________ first time. These plants included modern Western 7.________ (favourite) such as rosemary, lavender and fennel. The garden also contains a winding path that guides visitors through the twelve regions of the Silk Road. The path offers over 300 plant species for visitors to see, too.
The Glasshouse stands 8.________ a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route 9.________ brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the 10.________ (rich) of gardening in England.
语篇类型：说明文　主题语境：人与社会——社会与文化——中西方文化互鉴
【语篇解读】　本文介绍了英国“丝路花园”的整体设计以及其中新建成的玻璃温室。
1．答案与解析：engineering　非谓语动词。空处修饰空后的名词techniques，在句中作定语，说明名词的作用，故填动名词engineering。此处表示“最新的设计制造技术”。
2．答案与解析：functional　形容词。空处与protective并列，修饰空后的名词structure，应用形容词形式，故填functional“实用的”。句意：最新的工程技术被应用于创建这种兼具保护性和功能性且还美观的结构。
3．答案与解析：to give　非谓语动词。空处所在句的谓语动词是open，空处应用非谓语动词。根据语境可知此处表示目的，故填不定式to give。句意：在温暖的日子里，这些萼片会打开以给内部植物(提供)阳光和新鲜空气。
4．答案与解析：closed　形容词。空前的stays作系动词，表示“保持”，空处作表语，表示“关闭的”，故应用形容词closed。
5．答案与解析：walks　动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，空处在句中作谓语。本句描述了the Silk Route Garden的客观情况，时态用一般现在时；此处时态也可以根据下文中的“contains...guides...offers”判断；walk在此作动词，表示“(循序渐进地)教，逐步引导”，与主语the Silk Route Garden之间为主动关系；主语表示第三人称单数。所以填walks。
6．答案与解析：the　冠词。此处考查固定表达for the first time，意为“第一次”，所以填the。
7．答案与解析：favourites　名词复数。分析句子结构可知，空处作动词included的宾语，前面的modern Western为定语，所以此处应填名词；根据空后的举例“such as rosemary, lavender and fennel”可知，空处表示复数概念。故填favourites。favourite在此处为可数名词，表示“特别喜爱的事物”。
8．答案与解析：as　介词。结合语境“该玻璃温室作为当代设计的伟大成就而存在”可知，空处需要填as。
9．答案与解析：that/which　定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词为表示物的名词短语the Silk Route，关系词在从句中作主语，所以填that/which。
10．答案与解析：richness　名词。空处跟在定冠词the之后，且空后的of gardening对空处进行限定，因此应填名词richness。
Ⅱ.阅读理解
A
2024·南京、盐城高三模拟 应用文 259词 ★★☆☆☆
The Right Electric Bike for You
The bicycle fever is back, but this time it has gone electric. According to NPD Group which tracks the bicycle industry, electric bike sales have more than doubled since 2019. And their popularity is still on the rise. Confirm your need and pick the electric bike that's best for you.
　　【语篇解读】　本文介绍了四款不同类型的电动自行车。
1．Which magazine is this text probably taken from
A．Techlife News. B．Muscle & Fitness.
C．How It Works. D．Consumer Reports.
答案与解析：D　理解文章出处。根据首段“Confirm your need and pick the electric bike that's best for you”可知，这篇文章是根据消费者的实际需求，分别从车型，功能和适用人群进行详细客观的介绍，其根本目的是帮助消费者选择最适合的电动自行车，由此可推断出这篇文章可能来自《消费者报告》，故D项正确。
2．Which is most suitable for someone who wants to challenge long range tours
A．Swagtron EB5. B．Specialized Turbo.
C．RadWagon 4. D．Ancheer EM.
答案与解析：B　理解具体信息。根据Specialized Turbo部分中的“Riders who are eager for more challenging cycling or want to extend the riding distance”可知，这款车型适合渴望更具挑战性的骑行或想要延长骑行距离的骑行者，故B项正确。
3．What can we learn about the electric bikes
A．Designs of electric bikes are based on travel purposes.
B．Electric bikes are more popular than conventional bikes.
C．Riders of these electric bikes put speed in the first place.
D．The trend of electric bikes replacing cars can't be prevented.
答案与解析：A　推断。根据首段中的“Confirm your need...that's best for you”以及“WHAT'S IT FOR？”栏目中的内容可推断，电动自行车是基于出行目的设计的，且B、C、D三项中的内容在文章中均未提及，故选A项。
B
2024·新课标Ⅱ卷，C 说明文 263词 ★★☆☆☆
We all know fresh is best when it comes to food. However, most produce at the store went through weeks of travel and covered hundreds of miles before reaching the table. While farmer's markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey, Babylon Micro Farm (BMF) shortens it even more.
BMF is an indoor garden system. It can be set up for a family. Additionally, it could serve a larger audience such as a hospital, restaurant or school. The innovative design requires little effort to achieve a reliable weekly supply of fresh greens.
Specifically, it's a farm that relies on new technology. By connecting through the Cloud, BMF is remotely monitored. Also, there is a convenient app that provides growing data in real time. Because the system is automated, it significantly reduces the amount of water needed to grow plants. Rather than watering rows of soil, the system provides just the right amount to each plant. After harvest, users simply replace the plants with a new pre seeded pod (容器) to get the next growth cycle started.
Moreover, having a system in the same building where it's eaten means zero emissions (排放) from transporting plants from soil to salad. In addition, there's no need for pesticides and other chemicals that pollute traditional farms and the surrounding environment.
BMF employees live out sustainability in their everyday lives. About half of them walk or bike to work. Inside the office, they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage cans and avoiding single use plastic. “We are passionate about reducing waste, carbon and chemicals in our environment，” said a BMF employee.
语篇类型：说明文　主题语境：人与社会——科学与技术——BMF缩短食物到餐桌的距离
【语篇解读】　本文介绍了一家旨在为人们提供新鲜食材的BMF公司。
4．What can be learned about BMF from paragraph 1
A．It guarantees the variety of food.
B．It requires day to day care.
C．It cuts the farm to table distance.
D．It relies on farmer's markets.
答案与解析：C　推断。根据第一段中的“However，most produce at the store went through weeks of travel and covered hundreds of miles before reaching the table”和“Babylon Micro Farm (BMF) shortens it even more”可知，大部分商店的农产品要经历几周的运输并跨越很长距离才能到达人们的餐桌。BMF公司大大缩短了这一过程。末句中的“it”代指前文的“journey”，并和选项C中的“distance”构成同义词替换，故选C项。
5．What information does the convenient app offer
A．Real time weather changes.
B．Current condition of the plants.
C．Chemical pollutants in the soil.
D．Availability of pre seeded pods.
答案与解析：B　理解具体信息。根据第三段中的“there is a convenient app that provides growing data in real time”可知，有一个便捷的应用程序实时提供(植物的)生长数据，这和B项的意思契合。
6．What can be concluded about BMF employees
A．They have a great passion for sports.
B．They are devoted to community service.
C．They are fond of sharing daily experiences.
D．They have a strong environmental awareness.
答案与解析：D　推断。根据文章末段中对BMF公司员工的生活和工作情况的描述以及BMF员工的自述“We are passionate about reducing waste, carbon and chemicals in our environment”可知，BMF员工们在日常生活中践行可持续发展，大约半数的员工走路或骑自行车上班。在办公室里，他们通过限制垃圾桶数量及避免使用一次性塑料的方式鼓励回收利用及减少废物。他们都热衷于减少环境中的废物、碳和化学物质。据此可以推断：BMF公司的员工有着强烈的环保意识，故选D项。
7．What does the text mainly talk about
A．BMF's major strengths.
B．BMF's general management.
C．BMF's global influence.
D．BMF's technical standards.
答案与解析：A　理解文章主旨要义。文章首段介绍BMF公司缩短了食物到餐桌的运输过程，接着第二至四段介绍了BMF的创新设计系统及其优势，最后一段介绍了BMF员工在生活和工作中践行可持续发展。综上所述，文章从各个方面凸显了BMF的优势。
黄金考点
语法填空——代词
考点27 根据上下文逻辑推断代词形式
考例 They would say to ________ (I) that playing card games would help my brain. Still I was unwilling to play the game with them sometimes.
点拨 根据句意和后边的关键词to和提示词I可知，表示“我”，再根据介词to应填me。
考点28 根据上下文判断代词的形式
考例 I had done ________ (mine) homework, but I was shy.
点拨 修饰名词homework作定语，应用形容词性物主代词my来修饰。
考点29 动词短语固定用法
考例 But she insists on us ________ (eat) healthy food.
点拨 由语境可知，是母亲关心家里的每个人的健康，坚持要我们吃健康的食物。insist on sb. doing sth.或insist on sb's doing sth.是固定用法，故应填eating。练习58　阅读理解＋读后续写
授课提示：对应学生用书145页
　
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
2022·全国乙卷 说明文 300词 ★★★★☆
The Government's sugar tax on soft drinks has brought in half as much money as Ministers first predicted it would generate, the first official data on the policy has shown.
First announced in April, 2016, the tax which applies to soft drinks containing more than 5g of sugar per 100ml, was introduced to help reduce childhood obesity (肥胖). It is believed that today's children and teenagers are consuming three times the recommended level of sugar, putting them at a higher risk of the disease.
Initially the sugar tax was expected to make ￡520m a year for the Treasury. However, data of the first six months showed it would make less than half this amount. At present it is expected to generate ￡240m for the year ending in April 2019, which will go to school sports.
It comes after more than half of soft drinks sold in shops have had their sugar levels cut by manufacturers (制造商) so they can avoid paying the tax. Drinks now contain 45 million fewer kilos of sugar as a result of manufacturers' efforts to avoid the charge, according to Treasury figures. Since April drinks companies have been forced to pay between 18p and 24p for every litre of sugary drink they produce or import, depending on the sugar content.
However, some high sugar brands, like Classic Coca Cola, have accepted the sugar tax and are refusing to change for fear of upsetting consumers. Fruit juices, milk based drinks and most alcoholic drinks are free of the tax, as are small companies manufacturing fewer than 1m litres per year.
Today's figures, according to one government official, show the positive influence the sugar tax is having by raising millions of pounds for sports facilities (设施) and healthier eating in schools. Helping the next generation to have a healthy and active childhood is of great importance, and the industry is playing its part.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了英国政府对软饮料征收的糖税来解决儿童以及青少年的健康问题，同时该收入用于学校体育。
1．Why was the sugar tax introduced
A．To collect money for schools.
B．To improve the quality of drinks.
C．To protect children's health.
D．To encourage research in education.
答案与解析：C　细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“First announced in April, 2016, the tax which applies to soft drinks containing more than 5g of sugar per 100ml, was introduced to help reduce childhood obesity .(该税于2016年4月首次宣布，适用于每100毫升含糖超过5g的软饮料，旨在帮助减少儿童肥胖)”可知，征收糖税的目的是帮助儿童减少肥胖，保护儿童健康。故选C项。
2．How did some drinks companies respond to the sugar tax
A．They turned to overseas markets.
B．They raised the prices of their products.
C．They cut down on their production.
D．The reduced their products' sugar content.
答案与解析：D　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“It comes after more than half of soft drinks sold in shops have had their sugar levels cut by manufacturers so they can avoid paying the tax.(此前，制造商已经降低了商店中销售的超过一半的软饮料的含糖量，以避免纳税)”可知，一些饮料公司通过降低了产品的含糖量来避税。故选D项。
3．From which of the following is the sugar tax collected
A．Most alcoholic drinks.
B．Milk based drinks.
C．Fruit juices.
D．Classic Coke.
答案与解析：D　细节理解题。根据第五段中的“However, some high sugar brands, like Classic Coca Cola, have accepted the sugar tax and are refusing to change for fear of upsetting consumers. Fruit juices, milk based drinks and most alcoholic drinks are free of the tax, as are small companies manufacturing fewer than 1m litres per year.(然而，一些高糖品牌，如经典可口可乐，已经接受了糖税，并拒绝改变，因为担心会惹恼消费者。果汁、以牛奶为原料的饮料和大多数酒精饮料是免税的，每年生产不到100万升的小公司也是免税的)”可知，糖税主要来自经典可口可乐这些高糖品牌。故选D项。
4．What can be inferred about the adoption of the sugar tax policy
A．It is a short sighted decision.
B．It is a success story.
C．It benefits manufacturers.
D．It upsets customers.
答案与解析：B　推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中“Today's figures, according to one government official, show the positive influence the sugar tax is having by raising millions of pounds for sports facilities and healthier eating in schools.(根据一位政府官员的说法，今天的数据显示了糖税的积极影响，它为学校的体育设施和健康饮食筹集了数百万英镑)”可推断，糖税政策的实施是一个成功的政策。故选B项。
B
2022·全国乙卷 说明文 307词 ★★★★☆
Can a small group of drones (无人机) guarantee the safety and reliability of railways and, at the same time, help railway operators save billions of euros each year That is the very likely future of applying today's “eyes in the sky” technology to making sure that the millions of kilometres of rail tracks and infrastructure (基础设施) worldwide are safe for trains on a 24/7 basis.
Drones are already being used to examine high tension electrical lines. They could do precisely the same thing to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure such as the correct position of railway tracks and switching points. The more regularly they can be inspected, the more railway safety, reliability and on time performance will be improved. Costs would be cut and operations would be more efficient (高效) across the board.
That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety. It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. That can be dangerous work that could be avoided with drones assisting the crews' efforts.
By using the latest technologies, drones could also start providing higher value services for railways, detecting faults in the rail or switches, before they can cause any safety problems. To perform these tasks, drones for rail don't need to be flying overhead. Engineers are now working on a new concept: the rail drones of the future. They will be moving on the track ahead of the train, and programmed to run autonomously. Very small drones with advanced sensors and AI and travelling ahead of the train could guide it like a co pilot. With their ability to see ahead, they could signal any problem, so that fast moving trains would be able to react in time.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。应用今天的“空中之眼”的技术，无人机能在保证铁路安全可靠的同时又能帮助铁路运营商每年节省数十亿欧元。
5．What makes the application of drones to rail lines possible
A.The use of drones in checking on power lines.
B．Drones' ability to work at high altitudes.
C．The reduction of cost in designing drones.
D．Drones' reliable performance in remote areas.
答案与解析：A　推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Drones are already being used to examine high tension electrical lines. They could do precisely the same thing to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure such as the correct position of railway tracks and switching points.(无人机已经被用于检查高压电线。他们完全可以做同样的事情来检查铁路线路和铁路基础设施的其他重要方面，如铁路轨道和换乘点的正确位置)”可推知，无人机在高空工作的能力使无人机应用于铁路线路成为可能。故选A。
6．What does “maintenance” underlined in Paragraph 3 refer to
A．Personnel safety.
B．Assistance from drones.
C．Inspection and repair.
D．Construction of infrastructure.
答案与解析：C　词义猜测题。根据后文“It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. (据统计，仅欧洲铁路公司每年在铁路维护上的花费就约为200亿欧元，其中包括经常在夜间派遣维修人员检查和维修铁路基础设施)”可知花在maintenance上的费用是用于“inspect and repair the rail infrastructure (检查和维修铁路基础设施)”，由此可知“That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety”是指大幅节省检修成本和更好地保护铁路人员安全，划线词和 C项：Inspection and repair(检修)含义相近。故选C。
7．What function is expected of the rail drones
A．To provide early warning.
B．To make trains run automatically.
C．To earn profits for the crews.
D．To accelerate transportation.
答案与解析：A　推理判断题。根据文章最后一段 “Very small drones with advanced sensors and AI and travelling ahead of the train could guide it like a co pilot. With their ability to see ahead, they could signal any problem, so that fast moving trains would be able to react in time.(带有先进传感器和人工智能的非常小的无人机可以像副驾驶一样在火车前面行驶。 凭借他们的预见能力，他们可以发出任何问题的信号，以便快速行驶的火车能够及时做出反应。)”可知对于无人机期待的功能是提前发现问题做出预警。故选A。
8．Which is the most suitable title for the text
A．What Faults Can Be Detected with Drones
B．How Production of Drones Can Be Expanded
C．What Difficulty Drone Development Will Face
D．How Drones Will Change the Future of Railways
答案与解析：D　主旨大意题。根据文章主题段第一段“Can a small group of drones(无人机)guarantee the safety and reliability of railways and, at the same time, help railway operators save billions of euros each year That is the very likely future of applying today's ‘eyes in the sky’ technology to making sure that the millions of kilometers of rail tracks and infrastructure(基础设施)worldwide are safe for trains on a 24/7 basis.(一小群无人机能否在保证铁路安全可靠的同时，帮助铁路运营商每年节省数十亿欧元？这很可能是应用今天的‘空中之眼’技术的未来，以确保全球数百万公里的铁路轨道和基础设施全天候安全运行。)”以及后文第二段讲到了使用无人机检查电力线路使无人机应用于铁路线路成为可能；第三段讲到了使用无人机大幅节省维护成本和更好地保护铁路人员安全；第四段讲到了通过使用最新的技术，无人机还可以开始为铁路提供更高的价值，可知文章主要讲述了无人机将如何改变铁路的未来，所以D项“无人机将如何改变铁路的未来。”符合文章中心思想，适合作为本文的最佳标题。故选D。
Ⅱ.读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
[2024·湖北武汉部分学校调研]
A Hearty Welcome
Chase counted his new year gifts one more time as he put a robot shaped eraser into each envelope. “Twenty, twenty one, twenty two.”
“Do you have one for everyone in your class？” Mom asked.
“Yep！” Chase said. “I'm ready for the party tomorrow！”
When Chase got to school the next day, he saw a new girl in his classroom. She stood near Ms. Robins and looked around shyly.
“This is Eva，” said Ms. Robins. “Will someone volunteer to show her around today？” Chase raised his hand since he liked showing the new kids around and helping them feel welcome.
“Thanks, Chase，” Ms. Robins said. “Now let's get down to our work.”
That's when Chase realized he didn't have a new year gift for Eva. No one else would have one either. Chase pictured his classmates' desks covered with gifts while Eva's desk was empty. He felt sad about that.
At break, he was careful not to mention the party as he showed Eva around the playground. At lunchtime, he walked Eva to the lunchroom, still worried about what would happen at the party. Eva had brought a packed lunch, so Chase showed her where she was supposed to sit and introduced her to some of the kids at her table.
While eating, Chase suddenly remembered that kids often included candy hearts with the new year gifts they exchanged. This won't be New Year's Day for Eva with no gifts. But as he sat down at his table, an idea flooded into his head. He whispered it to the kids around him. Soon everyone at the table was nodding and whispering.
When they were back in the classroom after lunch, Chase told Ms. Robins about their plan. Ms. Robins smiled. “That's very thoughtful，” she said. “Let's go for it.”
It was math time, so Chase invited Eva to study with him. He made sure Eva sat with her back to the room so she wouldn't notice.
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
Meanwhile, her new classmates were busy working on something.
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“Here's your new year gift, Eva. It's from everyone，” Chase said.
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One possible version：
Meanwhile, her new classmates were busy working on something. They were going to give Eva their “hearts”. Quickly but quietly, Ms. Robins, with an exquisite paper bag she fetched from her office, was walking around the classroom to collect the candy hearts. Growing heavy with the paper bag was the students' welcome for their new classmate. Sitting beside Eva, Chase felt his heart racing and palms sweating. In order not to ruin the new year surprise for Eva, he pretended to be discussing math problems with her to occupy her attention. The stone in his heart finally dropped when Ms. Robins tiptoed towards him and placed the paper bag on his hands.
“Here's your new year gift, Eva. It's from everyone，” Chase said. Surprise written on Eva's face, she turned around and was greeted by the sunny smiles on her classmates' faces. “Open it，” Chase said. No sooner had she opened the paper bag than everybody cheered, “Happy New Year.” The candies which were made in the shape of hearts blurred her eyes. Springing from her seat, she stepped forward and bowed to her new but considerate classmates, who not only erased her anxiety but also planted the seed of hope in her heart. What a hearty welcome!
答题策略
语法填空——词语辨析
常见词语辨析
① many修饰或代替可数名词复数；much修饰或代替不可数名词
② “时间段＋ago”相对现在多久以前；“时间段＋before”相对过去多久以前
③ some用于肯定句；any用于疑问句和否定句
④ so与very均可修饰形容词或副词的原级，much多修饰比较级，very much修饰动词
⑤ ever“从来，在任何时候，曾经”；never“从来不”
⑥ latest为形容词，意为“最新的”；later作副词表示“较晚地；后来”，与表示时间的词连用，表示“……之后”
⑦ beside为介词，表示“在……旁边”；besides为副词，表示“除此以外(还)”
⑧ used to do sth.“过去常常做某事”；be used to doing sth.“习惯于做某事”
⑨ no相当于not a或not any；not否定动词

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