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高中人教版选择性必修第四册重点单词梳理
UNIT 1　SCIENCE FICTION
1.appointment n. 预约;约会;委任
make an appointment with sb.与某人约会/预约
make/ have an appointment for预约;预定
keep/ break an appointment守/违约
appoint vt.任命;委派;安排
appoint sb.(as/to be)...任命某人为……
appoint sb. to do sth.委派某人做某事
appointed adj.约定的;指定的
2.dismiss vt.让(某人)离开;解散;解雇;消除;不予考虑
dismiss sb./sth.不考虑某人/某事物
dismiss sth. from sth.从……消除/去除……
dismiss sb. from sth.把某人从……解雇/开除
dismissal n.解散;开除;解雇;不予理会;不予考虑
3.declare vt.表明;宣称;公布
declare for/against声明赞成/反对
declare sb./sth./oneself to be+adj./n.声称某人/某事为……
declare that...=It’s declared that...宣布/宣称……
declare war on/against...向……宣战
declaration n.宣布;宣言;宣告;声明
4.superior adj.更好的;占优势的;(在级别或重要性上)更高的
be superior to...比……更好;更胜一筹
be superior in在……方面优越
be inferior to...次于……;不如……
be senior to...比……年长/资历深
be junior to...比……年轻/资历浅
5.division n.分开;分隔;差异;除(法)
division of/in/within...某方面的差异/分割
division of...between A and B　A和B在某方面的差异/分割
divide vt.(使)分开;分配;分隔
divide(sth.) into分成;分为;把……分割成
divide(sth.) by除以;用……除
divide(sth.) up/out瓜分;分割;分配
divide sth. between...and...把(时间、精力等)分别用于……
divided adj.分裂的;分开的;有分歧的
6.urge n.强烈的欲望;冲动vt.催促;力劝;大力推荐
have an urge to do sth.有强烈的欲望做某事
urge sb. to do sth./ into doing sth.催促/力劝某人做某事
urge that sb.(should) do sth.要求/极力主张某人做某事
It is urged that sb.(should) do sth.坚决要求/大力推荐某人做某事
urgent adj.紧急的;迫切的
urgently adv.紧急地;急迫地;迫切地
urgency n.急迫;紧急
7.base vt.以……为根据　n.基部;基地;基础
basic adj.基本的;基础的
basically adv.基本上;从根本上说
on a...basis 根据;以……的方式(基准)
on the basis of...根据……;基于……
on the basis that... 基于……
on a daily/day-to-day/weekly/regular basis按每天/每日/每周一次/定期的标准
provide a...basis for...为……提供……根据
base...on/upon以……为根据,在……基础上
8.conflict with与……冲突或抵触
in conflict 处于矛盾中
in conflict with...和......冲突
come into conflict 和......冲突
resolve the conflict 解决矛盾
UNIT 2　ICONIC ATTRACTIONS
9.located adj.位于
be located on/ in/at...(=be situated in)位于……的位置;坐落在……的位置
locate vt.位于;把……安置在(或建造于);确定……的位置
locate in ...在……定居
locate sb. in/at发现某人在某处
location n.位置,地点;定位;外景(拍摄地)
10.joint n.公共场所(尤指价格低廉的饮食和娱乐场所);关节adj.联合的;共同的
Joint effort 共同的努力
out of joint 混乱;紊乱;脱臼
out of joint with...与……不相称
put sb.’s nose out of joint 使某人恼火
join vt.&vi. 连接;联结;加入
join sb. in (doing) sth. 加入某人做某事;和某人一起做某事
11.distribution n.分布;分配;分发
have a wide distribution分布广泛
distribute vt.分配;分发
distribute sth. to...把某物分配/分发给……
distribute sth. among sb.在……中进行分配
distributor n.经销商;分销商
12.phase n.阶段;时期 vt.分阶段进行;逐步做
in/out of phase(with)...(与......)协调/不协调
phase down 逐步减少
phase in 逐步采用；逐步引入
phase out 逐步淘汰；逐步废除
13.license vt.批准;许可n.(=licence)许可证;执照
license sb. to do sth.允许或批准某人做某事
a driver’s/driving license驾驶执照
licensed adj.得到正式许可的
be licensed for获准……
UNIT 3　SEA EXPLORATION
14.extend vt. 扩展;使伸长;延长
extend (from...) to... (从……)延伸到……
extend out 伸出
extend through... 贯穿……;达到整个……的长度
extend into... 扩大或延长到……
extend over...(使)持续;延续
extension n. 延伸;扩展;扩大
15.negotiate vt. 商定;达成(协议) 　vi. 谈判;磋商;协商
negotiate with sb. about/for sth. 与某人商谈/谈判/交涉某事
negotiation n. 谈判;磋商;协商
under negotiation 在商谈中
16.withdraw vi.&vt. (使)撤回;撤离
withdraw...from... 把……从……撤离/撤回;从……取出……
withdraw from... 退出;撤回
withdraw to... 退到……;撤退到……
withdrawal n. 收回;取回;撤回;撤退;取款
17. mercy n. 仁慈;宽恕;恩惠
without mercy 残忍地;毫不留情地
at the mercy of 任凭……的摆布
out of mercy 出于仁慈
have (no) mercy on... (不)同情……;对……(没)有怜悯心
show (no) mercy to... 对……(不)仁慈/怜悯
merciful adj. 仁慈的;宽大的;宽容的
be merciful to... 对……仁慈
mercifully adv. 幸运地;宽大地;仁慈地
merciless adj. 残忍的;无情的
18.possession n. 个人财产;拥有;控制
sb. be in possession of sth. 某人拥有/占有某物(表示主动)
sth. be in the possession of sb. 某物为某人所拥有(表示被动)
take/ have possession of... 拥有……;占有……
possess vt.拥有;具有;支配(不用于进行时态)
be possessed by... 被……控制
be possessed of 拥有;具有(某品质、能力等)
19.log vt. 把……载入正式记录;记录n. 正式记录;日志;原木
log in/on... 进入；登录
log off/out 退出（系统）；注销
keep a log 记日记
20.arrest n.逮捕;拘留;中止vt.逮捕;拘留;阻止;吸引(注意)
arrest sb. For (doing) sth. 因（做）某事逮捕某人
get arrested 被逮捕
arrest one’s attention 引起某人的注意
be under arrest 被逮捕
make an arrest 进行逮捕
21.sail n.帆，航行；v.航行
sailor n. 水手,海员;乘船者
sailing n. 航行,航海;启航
set sail 起航;开航
set sail for 开船往;动身往
at full sail(s) 开足马力;扬起所有的帆;高速前进
sail through sth. (使)顺利通过……
go for a sail 乘船游览
UNIT 4　SHARING
22.shade vt. 给……遮挡(光线);加灯罩;把……涂暗n. 阴凉处;灯罩;阴影部分
in the shade 在阴凉处;阴暗处;默默无闻
put...in the shade 使黯然失色;使相形见绌
a shade of 少许;微微
shade sb./sth. from/against sth. 给……遮挡……
shaded adj. 林荫遮蔽的
23.privilege n. 优惠待遇;特权vt. 给予特权;特别优待
It’s a privilege (for sb.) to do sth. (对某人来说)做某事是一种荣幸
have the privilege to do/of doing ...有做……的特权/荣幸
privileged adj. 有特权的;受特别优待的;荣幸
be/feel privileged to do sth. 有幸做某事
24.resign vi.&vt. 辞职;辞去
resign from... 辞职;从……辞职
resign as... 辞去当……的职务
resign oneself to 听任摆布;只好接受
resign sb. to... 把某人托付给……
resignation n. 辞职信;辞呈;顺从;听任
25.deserve vt. 值得;应得;应受
deserve to do sth. 应该/值得做某事
deserve doing/to be done 值得(被)做
deserved adj. 应得的;理所当然的;该受的
26.contract vt.感染(疾病);与……订立合同(或契约)n. 合同;契约
by contract 根据合同
contract for... ......的契约
make/sign a contract with...同......签订合同
under contract to 已经与......签订合同
27.consultation n. 咨询;咨询会
in consultation with... 经与……磋商
consult vt.&vi. 商量;咨询;请教;查阅
consult sb. about/on sth. 向某人请教/咨询某事;与某人商量某事
consult with sb. about/on sth. 向某人咨询某事;与某人商量某事
consultant n. 顾问,咨询师
28.relay vt. 转发;转播n. 接力赛;接班的人
relay in... 转达给......;转发给......
relay sth. To sb. 把某物转发给某人
work in/by relays 轮班工作
a relay race 接力赛
29. mention v/n.提到，提及
not to mention 更不用说;且不说(=not to speak of...=to say nothing of...=let alone...)
Don’t mention it. 不要客气/不用谢。
be(not) worth mentioning (不)值得一提
as mentioned above 如上所述
UNIT 5　LAUNCHING YOUR CAREER
30.debt n.债务;欠款
in debt负债;欠债
be in debt to sb.欠某人的钱;欠某人的情
out of debt不欠债(状态)
get out of debt还债(动作)
pay off one’s debt还清某人的欠款或债务
get/run into debt负债
owe a debt of gratitude to sb.欠某人人情
31.accountant n.会计;会计师
an accountant in...在……工作的会计师
account vi.认为;说明;总计有;账目;说明;计算;(银行)账户
account for说明;做出解释;是……的原因;占……(比例)
on account of(=because of)由于;因为
on no account决不(用于强调,置于句首时,句子部分倒装)
take account of...(=take...into account/consideration)考虑到……;把……考虑进去
32.spy n.密探;间谍vi.从事间谍活动vt.突然看见;发现
spy on/upon sb. 暗中监视某人；侦擦某人
spy into sth. 侦擦/窥探某事
spy sth. Out 暗中查明某事，秘密了解清楚某事
spy sb. Doing sth. 发现某人正在做某事
33.accuse vt.控告;控诉;谴责
accuse sb. as...指责/控告某人为……
accuse sb. of (doing) sth.=charge sb. with(doing). sth控告/指责某人(做)某事
accuse sb. for sth.为某事指责某人
accusation n.指责;控告
make an accusation against sb.(对某人) 提出控告
the accused被告
34.greedy adj.贪婪的;贪心的
be greedy for渴望得到……;对……贪婪
It is/was greedy of sb. to do sth.做某事对某人来说是贪婪的
be greedy to do sth.渴望做某事
greed n.贪婪;贪心
greedily adv.贪婪地;贪食地
35.dedicate vt.把……奉献给
dedicate oneself/one’s life to (doing)...献身于(做)……;致力于(做)……
dedicate...to sb.把……献给某人
dedicated adj.献身的;专心致志的
be dedicated to献身于;专心致志于
dedication n.奉献;献身;赠言
36.acquire vt.获得;购得
acquire sb.sth.使某人获得某物
acquire a good knowledge of 精通……知识
acquire a habit of...养成……的习惯
acquire a taste for...开始喜欢上……
acquired adj.后天的;已获得的
acquirement n.取得;学得;才能

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