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情态动词 知识梳理与专项练习-2023-2024学年外研版（一起）英语六年级（上册）
知识梳理
1.情态动词的含义：
是表示语气的单词，它们本身有一定的词义，但不能独立作谓语，只能和动词原形一起构成谓语。情态动词用在行为动词前，表示说话人对这一动作或状态的看法或主观设想。
2. 情态动词的含义：
在形式上，情态动词 没有实义动词 的各种变化，只有 could，would，had to，might 等几个过去式，其他如 must，ought to 等的过去式皆与现在式同形。
在意义上，大多数情态动词有多个意义，如 can 可表“能够”“允许”等。
在用法上，情态动词与助动词一样，后面须接 动词原型，构成谓语动词。
要特别关注上下文语境，构想会话的合理情景，体会说话人的
语气和态度。
3.情态动词的用法：
表示能力或客观可能性，还可以表示请求和允许，此时可与may互换。在疑问句中还可用could, might代替，不是过去式，只是语气更委婉，不能用于肯定句和答语中。
例：You can borrow my bike tomorrow.明天你可以借用我的自行车。
表示惊异、怀疑、不相信的态度，主要用在否定句、疑问句或惊叹句中。
例：How can you be so careless!你怎么能这么粗心！
常见词组：
can be可能;可以是
we can我们可以
can do能做到;做得到
表示能力，如体力、知识、技能，此时可用be able to代替，Can只有一般现在时和一般过去式;而be able to则有更多的时态。
例：Mary can speak five languages.（知识）玛丽会说五种语言。
v.能，can的过去式，能够，可以;可能;差点就，本来有可能。
aux.能够，可以;可能;差点就，本来有可能;很想。
常见词组：
could be可能是;有可能
could have本能够;本来也可以
how could i我怎么能;我如何能够
例：Could it be an animal 它可能是一只动物吗
Could I interrupt a moment 我可以插句话吗？
表可能，暗含不确定，等于 possibly, perhaps, maybe
例：He may be at home. 他可能在家里。
表允许，仅用于一般式
例：The director is alone now, so you may see him now.
常见词组：
may be也许，可能
may have+过去分词
in may在五月
可能，也许，可以(may 的过去式)
例：That might be our taxi.那辆有可能是我们的计程车。
表示请求和允许，might比may语气更委婉，而不是过去式。否定回答时可用can`t或mustn`t，表示“不可以，禁止”。
例：Might/ May I smoke in this room No, you mustn`t.我能在这里抽烟吗 这里禁止吸烟。
might 可表虚拟语气
例：It might help a little if you would only keep clean.
常见词组：
might as well不妨，何妨;还是……的好
might well有可能
might and main尽全力;主力
表义务，用于肯定句和疑问句中
例：You must talk to your daughter about her future.
你必须跟你的女儿谈谈她的未来。
在否定结构中表不许
例：He must not leave his room .他不允许离开他的房间。
表坚定的建议，用于肯定句和否定句的一般式
例：You mustn't miss the film. It is very good.
你不可错过那个影片，它很好看。
表推测，暗含很大的可能性
例：He must be in his office now。他现在一定在办公室里。
表示必须、必要
例：Something must be done about it.必须得想个办法。
常见词组：
must be一定;一定要;肯定是
must have必须拥有;非有不可
must have been一定(对过去事实肯定的推测)
表示必须、必要，比must更客观一些,强调客观需要
例：You don't have to go. 你不必去。
作情态动词用时, 常用于疑问句、否定句，后与不带 to 的动词不定
例：- Need I finish the work today
- No, you needn`t.
need的过去式needed
例：How Much More Space Is Needed 还需要多少空间
常见词组：
in need在危难中;在穷困中的
need for对……的需要;需要……
in need of需要…时
aux.将;总是;愿意;(表示能力、容量等)能;惯于;可能;必须。
例：I will never do that again.我不愿意再做一次。
v.愿意;(诗、文)想要;决心要;用意志力是;遗赠。
常见词组：
will be将;将来时;终归会来
we will歌曲名
there will be将有
将，将会(will 的过去式)
会，就;想;请;愿意;也许;老是;要是;表原来的目的。
例：They asked him if he would go abroad.他们问他是否愿意出国。
常见词组：
would like愿意;想要
would have(要不…)就会;应该
would you like你想不想;您是否希望
shall 用于第一人称，征求对方的意见
例：Shall we all go to the film tonight 我们今晚都去看电影吗
shall 用于第二、三人称，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁
例：You shall fail if you don’t work hard. 如果你不努力你将会失败。
常见词组：
shall we我们…好吗
what shall i do我该怎么办
shall we dance我们跳舞吧
表义务，可用于各种句式，通常指将来
例：You should go to class right away.我现在要去上课。
表推测，暗含很大的可能
例：He should be home by now.不太肯定他现在在家。
可在某些从句中，表虚拟语气
例：I suggest that you should stay here as if nothing had happened.
我建议你应该待在这，好像什么事情也没发生。
用于完成式时，用于肯定句，表应该完成但未完成的动作，用于否定句，则表示不应该完成但已完成的动作
例：He looks very ill. He should have stayed at home.
他看样子病得很严重，本应该待在家里。
They shouldn't have concealed it from us .
他们本不应该对我们隐瞒那件事。
常见词组：
should be应该是
should have应该有;本应该…
what should i do我该怎么办;我应该
dare
作情态动词用时, 常用于疑问句、否定句和条件从句中, 过去式形式为 dared
例： How dare you say I’m unfair
在疑问句和否定句中，dare 后面可接带 to 或不带 to 的不定式。
例：He doesn`t dare (to) answer.
常见词组：
how dare you你敢;胆子真大啊
专项练习
一、选择题。
1. Mr Li_____ Beijing tomorrow.
A. can have arrived B. will have arrived
C. may have arrived D. must have arrived
2. Mr Zhang started at 7 o`clock, and he _____be there now.
A. should B. can C. can`t D. need
3. You are late for school today。 You _____to school earlier。
A. ought to come B. should have come
C. ought have come D. should come
4. We must learn from Lei Feng, _____we
A. may B. can't C. don't D. needn't
5. She must be hungry, _____she
A. isn't B. needn't C. doesn't D won't
6. I _____tell her the truth about his marriage.
A. can't help B. can't but
C. may not help D. mustn't but
7. Since she is angry, we_____
A. had better to leave her along
B. should leave her alone
C. would rather to leave her alone
D. must leave her alone
8. Look! What you’ve done to me. You_____ more careful.
A. maybe B. had to
C. should have been D. would be
9. _____read the letter for you
A. Would you like me B. Do you want me
C. Will you mind me D. Shall I
10. He promised he_____ not make such silly mistakes
A. would B. should C. might D. could
11. _____it be true that his father will go abroad
A. Can B. May C. Need D. Should
12. -Would you like to play chess with me
-Yes, _____.
A. I'd B.I would C. I'd like D. I'd like to
13. Tim is late. He_____ the wrong bus.
A. must take B. must have taken
C. might take D. could take
14. -_____ we go out for a walk
-Great. Let's go
A. Shall B. Will C. May D. Should
15. It is important that we_____ learn how to drive.
A. have to B. should C. need D. shall
16. -Mary knows the city quite well.
-She_____ well have been there before
A. need B .could C. should D. may
17. Look! There are so many mistakes in your composition. You_____ have fixed full attention on it.
A .can B. should C. need D. might
18. Frankly speaking, I am not sure whether I _____this in the old days with that kind of equipment, which looks quite odd and ridiculous.
A .should have done B .need have done
C .would have done D .must have done
19. - Hi, Johnson, any idea where Susan is
-It is class time, so she _____in the classroom now.
A .can be B. must have been
C. might have been D. should be
20. Using Al, many companies are now conducting experiments that _____possible just a few years ago
A. would have been B. might have been
C. shouldn't have been D. couldn't have been
21. -Is Tom coming by train
-He_____ drive his car, I'm not sure.
A. can't B. may C. must D. might
22. The sweater _____belong to Jim. It's much too large for him
A. mustn't B. can't C. needn't D. might
23. -Excuse me, is this the right way to the Children's Palace
-Sorry, I'm not sure. But it _____be.
A. mustn't B. might C. can't D. must
24. -What's wrong with Judy She has been absent for two days.
- Oh, she _____be ill. Let's go to ask Mr. Green.
A. may B. need C. would D. must
25. Those streams are so small that they_____ be shown the maps.
A. mustn't B. may not C. can't D. may
答案
BABDA BBCDA ADBAB DBCDD CDACC

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