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高中英语最实用的词根词缀汇总
1. 词根（Root）
act：表示“做，行动”
activate (使激活), react (反应), interact (互动)
aud：表示“听”
audience (听众), audible (听得见的), audio (音频)
dict：表示“说”
dictate (命令), predict (预言), contradict (反驳)
graph/gram：表示“写，画”
autograph (签名), diagram (图表), biography (传记)
ject：表示“扔，投”
reject (拒绝), project (项目), inject (注射)
port：表示“携，带”
transport (运输), import (进口), export (出口)
rupt：表示“断裂，破”
disrupt (扰乱), erupt (爆发), interrupt (打断)
spect：表示“看”
inspect (检查), respect (尊重), suspect (怀疑)
struct：表示“建造”
construct (建造), structure (结构), instruct (指导)
tract：表示“拉，拖”
attract (吸引), contract (合同), extract (提取)
2. 前缀（Prefix）
a-/an-：表示“无，不”
amoral (无道德的), anarchy (无政府状态), anonymous (匿名的)
anti-：表示“反，对抗”
antibiotic (抗生素), antifreeze (防冻剂), antibody (抗体)
co-/com-/con-：表示“共同，一起”
cooperate (合作), community (社区), connect (连接)
dis-：表示“否定，相反”
disagree (不同意), disappear (消失), disapprove (不赞成)
in-/im-/il-/ir-：表示“否定，不”
invisible (看不见的), impossible (不可能的), illegal (非法的), irregular (不规则的)
pre-：表示“在前，预先”
predict (预测), preview (预览), prepare (准备)
re-：表示“再次，重新”
rewrite (重写), rebuild (重建), review (复习)
sub-：表示“在下，次级”
submarine (潜水艇), subway (地铁), substitute (代替)
3. 后缀（Suffix）
-able/-ible：表示“能...的”
acceptable (可接受的), visible (可见的), flexible (灵活的)
-ful：表示“充满...的”
joyful (充满快乐的), hopeful (充满希望的), useful (有用的)
-less：表示“无...的”
hopeless (无望的), fearless (无畏的), endless (无尽的)
-ment：表示“状态或结果”
agreement (协议), enjoyment (享受), development (发展)
-ness：表示“性质，状态”
happiness (幸福), kindness (善良), darkness (黑暗)
-tion/-sion：表示“动作或状态”
action (行动), decision (决定), discussion (讨论)
一些特例
动词——形容词
sleep → asleep
die → dead
enjoy → enjoyable
动词——现在分词转化为名词
boat → boating
build → building
begin → beginning
cross → crossing
meet → meeting
turn → turning
名词——形容词
friend → friendly
south → southern
wool → woolen
danger → dangerous
difference → different
fry → fried
worry → worried
动词——过去分词转为形容词
break → broken
lose →lost
please → pleased
colour → coloured
动词——名词
know → knowledge
please → pleasure
动词——名词
farm → farmer
动词——现在分词、过去分词转为形容词
follow → following
interest → interested （“感兴趣的” 只作表语，仅用于be interested in）
interest → interesting “有趣的”
可作表语和定语
develop → developed “发达的”
develop → developing “发展中的”
后缀法
变名词
-ence,-ance结尾的名词:
存在exist—existence
发生occur—occurrence
查阅/参考refer—reference
更喜欢/偏好prefer—preference
不同differ—difference
接受accept—acceptance
出现appear—appearance
履行perform—performance
抵制resist—resistance
指导guide—guidance
进入enter—entrance
保险insure—insurance
帮助assist—assistance
忍受 endure—endurance/tolerate—tolerance
(2)-tion,-sion结尾的名词:
生产produce—production
介绍introduce—introduction
消费consume—consumption
减少reduce—reduction
认为/假设assume—assumption/suppose—supposition
毁灭 destroy—destruction
描写describe—description
打断 interrupt—interruption
采纳/收养 adopt—adoption
防止 prevent—prevention
接收/接待处receive—reception
解决 solve—solution
进化evolve—evolution
建议 suggest—suggestion
编辑/版本 edit—edition
展览 exhibit—exhibition
打算/意图 intend—intention
认出recognize—recognition
解释/定义 define—definition
保护 protect—protection
方向/指导direct—direction
指令 instruct—instruction
建设construct—construction
注射 inject—injection
感染 infect—infection
驳斥 reject—rejection
反对 object—objection/oppose—opposition
连接connect—connection
收集 collect—collection
纠正 correct—correction
视察 inspect—inspection
挑选select—selection
选举 elect—election
限制 restrict—restriction
抵触/矛盾contradict—contradiction
保留 reserve—reservation
保存 preserve—preservation
保护conserve—conservation
观察observe—observation
挨饿starve—starvation
组织organize—organization
文明 civilize—civilization
认识 realize—realization
考试examine—examination
决定determine—determination
形成form—formation
通知 inform—information
想象 imagine—imagination
运输transport—transportation
邀请invite—invitation
期待expect—expectation
诱惑 tempt—temptation
改编/适应 adapt—adaptation
移民 immigrate—immigration
模仿 imitate—imitation
准备prepare—preparation
探索explore—exploration
考虑consider—consideration
宣布 declare—declaration
装饰 decorate—decoration
激发/灵感 inspire—inspiration
放松/休闲 relax—relaxation
交流communicate—communication
占用/职业 occupy—occupation
满足satisfy—satisfaction
申请/应用 apply—application
暗示 imply—implication
推荐 recommend—recommendation
口译/理解 interpret—interpretation
结合 combine—combination
操作/手术 operate—operation
犹豫hesitate—hesitation
教育educate—education
定位 locate—location
指出 indicate—indication
参加 participate—participation
计算 calculate—calculation
欣赏/感激appreciate—appreciation
联想/协会 associate—association
分离 separate—separation
冬眠 hibernate—hibernation
赔偿 compensate—compensation
调查 investigate—investigation
庆祝 celebrate—celebration
祝贺 congratulate—congratulation
翻译 translate—translation
积累 accumulate—accumulation
加速 accelerate—acceleration
捐赠 donate—donation
解放liberate—liberation
动力motivate—motivation
革新innovate—innovation
集中concentrate—concentration
游行/示威 demonstrate—demonstration
贡献contribute—contribution
分发 distribute—distribution
促进 promote—promotion
致力 devote—devotion/dedicate—dedication
沮丧 frustrate—frustration/depress—depression
印象impress—impression
表达express—expression
拥有/财产possess—possession
讨论discuss—discussion
扩大 expand—expansion
延伸extend—extension
承认 admit—admission
允许 permit—permission
排放 emit—emission　　　　　
爆炸explode—explosion
结论conclude—conclusion　　　　　
决定 decide—decision
划分divide—division　　　　　
迷惑confuse—confusion
(3)-ment结尾的名词:
广告 advertise—advertisement
同意 agree—agreement
惊奇amaze—amazement　　　　　
吃惊 astonish—astonishment
通告announce—announcement　　　　　
安排 arrange—arrangement
评估assess—assessment　　　　　
发展 develop—development
失望disappoint—disappointment
雇用/就业employ—employment
鼓舞 encourage—encouragement
款待/娱乐entertain—entertainment
装备 equip—equipment
统治/政府govern—government
改进improve—improvement 　
投资 invest—investment
卷入 involve—involvement　　　　　
管理 manage—management
惩罚 punish—punishment　　　　　
要求 require—requirement
退休 retire—retirement
定居/定居处settle—settlement
阐述/陈述 state—statement　　　　　
对待/治疗treat—treatment
以……为基础/地下室base—basement
铺/人行道 pave—pavement
完成/成就achieve—achievement/accomplish—accomplishment
(4)-ness结尾的名词:
adj.—n.
意识aware—awareness/conscious—consciousness
苦bitter—bitterness　　　　
盲目blind—blindness
冷静 calm—calmness　　　　　
聪明 clever—cleverness
疯狂crazy—craziness　　　　　
渴望 eager—eagerness
公平fair—fairness 　　　　　
愚蠢 foolish—foolishness
适合 fit—fitness　　　　　
幸福/愉快happy—happiness
疾病ill—illness　　　　　
友好 kind—kindness
懒惰 lazy—laziness　　　　　
孤独lonely—loneliness
宁静 quiet—quietness
悲伤 sad—sadness
严重性 serious—seriousness　　　　　
甜美sweet—sweetness
稳定 steady—steadiness　　　　　
厚度thick—thickness
累 tired—tiredness　　　　　
弱点 weak—weakness
冷/冷淡 cold—coldness
惶恐不安nervous—nervousness
思乡 homesick—homesickness
粗心 careless—carelessness　　　　　
自私selfish—selfishness
无私selfless—selflessness/unselfish—unselfishness

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