资源简介

第 04 讲 主旨大意题
目录
01 考情透视·目标导航 1
02 知识导图·思维引航 2
03 考点突破·考法探究 2
考点一 题型破解 2
知识点 1 题型特点 3
知识点 2 选项规律 3
知识点 3 高分技巧 3
考点二 文章大意题 6
考点三 段落大意题 7
考点三 标题归纳题 9
04 真题练习·命题洞现
1.真题实战 10
2.命题演练 13
近三年阅读理解主旨大意题考点细目
年份 卷别 题号
新高考 I卷 26
2024 新高考 II 卷 31
全国甲卷 27
浙江卷 1月 35
新高考 I卷 32
2023 新高考 II 卷 27
全国甲卷
全国乙卷 32
浙江卷 1月 27、35
新高考 I卷 32
2022 新高考 II 卷 31
全国甲卷 27、31、32
全国乙卷 31
考点一 题型破解
知识点 1 题型特点
一篇文章一般表达一个中心或主题。这个中心或主题通常用一个句子来概括，此句叫主题句，主题句必须能简洁明
了地概括全文的主要内容，具有高度的综合性和概括性，文章或段落的其他句子都是对主题句的进一步的解释、说明、
论证或拓展。
整体分布：主旨大意题在高考中出现次数稳定，通常 1-2 题，2022 年全国甲卷涉及 3 题。说明文和议论文的主题句多位
于文章的开头，有时也位于文章的中间或末尾。记叙文多在文章末尾点题，但有时不能直接在文章中直接找到主题句，
需要考生在弄清段与段之间逻辑关系的基础上自己归纳总结。
设问方式：主旨大意题题干关键词 best title, main idea/theme/subject, mainly about 等。
难度分析：这类试题主要考查通过快速浏览文章，获得主旨大意，并对文章的标题、主题、段落大意等进行归纳、概括
的能力。题目具有一定难度，属于易错重难题。
考查内容： 常见主旨大意题命题包括题目类型包括标题归纳题、段落大意题、文章大意题。
高频命题点
1. 段首、段尾处常考
2. 转折词处常考
3. 因果关系处常考
4. 问题处常考
知识点 2 选项规律
干扰项特征 例句
断章取义 原文内容有出现，但仅为文中某一细节，与主题无关。
以偏概全 选项和文章主题有部分相关，但不能概括全部。。
主观臆断 选项涉及内容仅凭生活常理主观推断，而不符合文章或段落主题。
知识点 3 高分技巧
一 文章大意题找主题句的技巧：
1. 段落中出现表示转折的词语(如 however, but, in fact, actually 等)时，该句很可能是主题句。
2. 首段出现疑问句时，对该问句的回答很可能就是文章主旨。
3. 作者有意识地重复的观点，通常是主旨；反复出现的词语，一般为体现文章主旨的关键词。
4. 表示总结或结论的句子常包含 therefore, thus, in short, conclude, conclusion 等词，通常是主旨。
二 段落首尾兼顾法寻找主题句：
1.段首段尾：段首--主题句多为段首一两句(观点或对象)；段尾--主题句也常为段尾句(结论或总结)。
2.段中：主题句有时在段中(前面的话是为引出主题）。
3.无主题句：有时没有主题句，需根据段落内容自己概括。
三 标题归纳题找主题句
1.概括性：概括全文，体现主旨；
2.针对性：内涵相符，范围一致；
3.新颖性：新颖奇特，吸引眼球；
4.简短性：名词短语,动名词短语或祈使句。
考点二 文章大意题
概括文章大意题时，有效的方法就是辨认主题句。主题句具有简洁性、概括性的特点，文章的中心思想往往是每段主
题句的综合。若文章无主题句，这就需要我们依据文中的事实、细节、观点去进行分析、推断和归纳，从而概括出文章
大意。核对选项时，根据自己总结的大意，就可以用排除法将干扰项逐个排除。
技巧一：利用文体特征。新闻报道主旨在第一句；说明文主旨在第一段或第二段；议论文主旨在首段或尾段；
记叙文主旨一般在尾段或首尾呼应。
技巧二：概括法。读文章标题；略读各段首尾句；读首段和尾端；读逻辑关联词后的句子内容。
技巧三：利用高频词。主题常多次出现在文中，寻找文中出现频率较高的关键词，结合各段主题句进行归
纳。。
典例 1.（2024·宁夏银川·一模）“We’ve got a problem here,” our mechanic (修理工) Randy said over the phone.
“What is it ” I asked. My husband, Matthew, and I had dropped off our car for an oil change a couple of hours earlier. We
had made an appointment with our usual mechanic Randy and decided on using synthetic oil, which requires a change every 500
miles, as opposed to 300 miles for regular oil. Though synthetic oil was the more expensive option, it seemed like a good
investment considering how much we would travel.
“Once of my guys put in the wrong oil,” Randy explained. He had been out of the garage for a test drive and left our oil
change to one of his employees. The employee had put in the regular oil. “Now we can drain (排干) the engine and put in the
synthetic oil,” Randy said. “Or you can leave it as it is. You won’t be charged since it was our mistake.”
Matthew and I decided to leave things alone. Draining the engine seemed like a waste. We could get the synthetic oil the
next time around. But we did insist on paying for the work — it had been an honest mistake after all.
Matthew and I didn’t think about the oil change until a few weeks later. We were making plans to drive from South
Carolina, up through the mountains of West Virginia, to visit my uncle in Maryland. It was a long trip, and we’d already put 286
miles on the car since our last oil change, so we wanted Randy to change the oil early.
We dropped off the car before lunch and asked Randy to do the change. We’d barely sat down to eat when my phone rang.
It was Randy. “Your brakes are completely shot,” he said. “I’m surprised they lasted the drive over here. You’ll need to replace
them immediately.” Luckily, he had the parts on hand. We gave him the go-ahead and hung up.
Matthew and I stared at each other in disbelief. If the correct oil had been put in a few weeks earlier, we wouldn’t have
gone back to the mechanic so soon. We wouldn’t have known the brakes were bad. Who knows what could have happened,
especially on those mountain roads
What is a suitable title for the text
A．An unexpected “mistake” B．Be grateful for a “mistake”
C．An undesirable car accident D．Be regretful for an oil change
【解析】主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是由文章最后一段“Matthew and I stared at each other in disbelief. If the correct oil had
been put in a few weeks earlier, we wouldn’t have gone back to the mechanic so soon. We wouldn’t have known the brakes were
bad. Who knows what could have happened, especially on those mountain roads (Matthew 和我难以置信地面面相觑。如果早
几个星期装上正确的机油，我们就不会这么快就去找修理工了。我们不知道刹车坏了。谁知道会发生什么，尤其是在山
路上？)”可知，本文讲述了一个因机械师的失误（使用了错误的机油）而引发的系列事件，最终这个“错误”意外地让作者
及时发现了刹车系统的问题，从而避免了可能发生的严重后果。因此，最合适的标题是“Be grateful for a “mistake” (对一个
“错误”心存感激)”。故选 B。
【答案】B
典例 2.（2023 年福建厦门一中模拟测试）
For the first time, scientists have measured what actually happens with face-to-face interactions when employees start to
work at an open-plan office, and their results show these modern workspaces are not as cooperative as you’d think.
Two researchers from Harvard Business School and Harvard University wanted to test whether removing walls at a
real-world workplace really increases interactions between co-workers. “To our knowledge, no prior study has directly measured
the effect on actual interaction that results from removing walls to create an open office environment,” Ethan S. Bernstein and
Stephen Turban write in the paper. To that end, they approached two multinational companies that were re-organizing their office
spaces at the global headquarters, and enlisted small groups of employees for two studies.
For eight weeks before the office redesign and eight weeks afterward, the researchers tracked employees’ social interactions
and locations. This data was analyzed together with email and instant messaging information from the company’s servers to
measure differences in how people were communicating with each other.
What they found was a pretty astonishing difference in face-to-face interactions — but not in the direction you might think.
Across both experiments, employees’ social interactions in person decreased by a crazy 70 percent, while emails saw an uptick by
roughly 20 to 50 percent.
So, instead of spending more time cooperating with co-workers in the new space where everyone could see them, people got
their heads down and tried to preserve their privacy any way they could. According to these results, it appears that being forced
into a more open-plan environment can make people switch from chatting to others in person to sending an email or using instant
messaging instead.
As the team notes, it’s not automatically a bad thing, but it can certainly change work dynamics in an unexpected way. “That
can have important consequences for how — and how productively — work gets done,” the researchers conclude.
What is the main idea of the text
A．Real-world workplaces increase employees’ interaction.
B．Work dynamics don’t have much effect on work efficiency.
C．Modern workspaces change workers’ way of communication.
D．Open-plan offices can’t promote cooperation between co-workers.
【解析】主旨大意题。由第一段“For the first time, scientists have measured what actually happens with face-to-face interactions
when employees start to work at an open-plan office, and their results show these modern workspaces are not as cooperative as
you’d think. (科学家们首次测量了当员工开始在开放式办公室工作时，面对面的互动会发生什么，他们的研究结果表明，
这些现代工作场所并不像你想象的那样合作)”，第四段中的“Across both experiments, employees’ social interactions in person
decreased by a crazy 70 percent, while emails saw an uptick by roughly 20 to 50 percent. (在这两项实验中，员工面对面的社交
互动减少了 70%，而电子邮件则增加了约 20%至 50%)”和全文可知，文章讲述了一项研究表明，在开放式办公室工作时，
员工并不像你想象的那样合作，反而为了保护隐私，他们互动减少，更多使用电子邮件交流，D 项“开放式办公室不能促
进同事之间的合作”符合文意。故选 D 项。
【答案】D
考点三 段落大意题
段落常见结构
总分型 主题句在段首；
分总型 主题句在段尾；
总分总型 主题句段首尾前后呼应；
分总分型 开头抛砖引玉，主题在段总；
名师提醒：解答段落大意题时，除了关注段落结构外，还应当抓住段落中出现频率较高的关键词，然后对其概
括和归纳，确定段落大意。
第一步：观察段首处。主题句多为段首第一句(观点或对象)；
第二步：理清第二句及段中句子和段落首尾处的逻辑关系，判断是否由首句抛砖引玉引出主题句。
第三步：关注尾尾逻辑意思是否对前面的话进行总结或升华，前文可能只为引出段尾主题而摆出问题或现象。
解题原则：对原文多处相关信息进行整合转换。
易错提醒：当段中没有出现明确的主题句时，不能生搬硬套随便选择文中原句，而应当根据文中内容提炼主题句。
典例 1.（2024·湖南长沙·三模）
The couple had set up a page on a website to raise money for this purpose. They had hoped to raise about $20,000.
Nevertheless, Ms. McIntyre’s last post attracted a lot of attention. The donations on her web page quickly passed the total goal. In
less than a week, the site had raised 10 times more than expected and the donations are still coming in. By November 22, 2023,
Ms. McIntyre’s web page had raised over $627,000, or enough money to pay off about $60 million in medical debts.
Mr. Gregory planned a special event in December to celebrate Ms. McIntyre’s life and to announce how many millions of
dollars of medical debts her efforts had paid for.
What is paragraph 4 mainly about
A．The couple’s anticipation. B．The public involvement.
C．The operation of a website. D．The increase of medical debts.
【解析】主旨大意题。根据第四段“The couple had set up a page on a website to raise money for this purpose. They had hoped to
raise about $20,000. Nevertheless, Ms. McIntyre’s last post attracted a lot of attention. The donations on her web page quickly
passed the total goal. In less than a week, the site had raised 10 times more than expected and the donations are still coming in. By
November 22, 2023, Ms. McIntyre’s web page had raised over $627,000, or enough money to pay off about $60 million in
medical debts. (这对夫妇在一个网站上设立了一个页面，为此目的筹集资金。他们原本希望筹集约 2 万美元。尽管如此，
麦金太尔女士的最后一篇帖子还是引起了很多关注。她网页上的捐款很快就超过了总目标。在不到一周的时间里，该网
站筹集的资金是预期的 10 倍，捐款仍在继续。截至 2023 年 11 月 22 日，麦金太尔女士的网页已筹集了 62.7 万美元，足
以偿还约 6000 万美元的医疗债务)”可知，本段主要介绍了公众参与筹集资金，即公众参与。故选 B。
【答案】B
典例 2.（2024·陕西宝鸡·三模）
......
Approaching the unconscious victim, Lobb saw that it was a middle-aged man. When at last they reached Pier 15, they
faced a new uncertainty. How-to get out On the pier, a crowd had gathered. From somewhere, the onlookers produced a rope and
a life preserver (救生圈), which they threw to Jafri and Lobb. With the two men pushing from below and the crowd pulling from
above, the man’s dangling body slowly rose until helping hands pulled him onto the pier.
What is the fourth paragraph mainly about
A．The knowledge about first aid. B．The way to rescue the drowned.
C．The process of saving a stranger. D．The value of people’s pulling together.
【解析】主旨大意题。根据第四段“Approaching the unconscious victim, Lobb saw that it was a middle-aged man. When at last
they reached Pier 15, they faced a new uncertainty. How-to get out On the pier, a crowd had gathered. From somewhere, the
onlookers produced a rope and a life preserver (救生圈), which they threw to Jafri and Lobb. With the two men pushing from
below and the crowd pulling from above, the man’s dangling body slowly rose until helping hands pulled him onto the pier.(走近
昏迷的受害者时，洛布发现那是一个中年男子。当他们终于到达 15 号码头时，他们面临着新的不确定因素。怎么出去？
码头上聚集了一群人。围观的人不知从什么地方拿出一根绳子和一个救生圈，扔给了贾弗里和洛布。两个人从下面推着，
人群从上面拉着，这名男子摇晃的身体慢慢上升，直到有人伸出援助之手把他拉上了码头)”可知，第四段主要讲的是拯救
陌生人的过程。故选 C。
【答案】C
变式训练（2025·浙江·模拟预测）......
In contrast to its links to negative emotions, nostalgia doesn’t make us sadder. Rather, nostalgia is a defensive response to
unhappiness, one that brings relief from a negative mood. Research from 2006 shows that nostalgia can actually strengthen social
ties, improve self-esteem, and uplift our mood. Other studies suggest that it can also enhance our view of life’s meaning, reduce
fear of death, boost spirituality, and increase optimism.
What is paragraph 3 mainly about
A．The mismatch between two findings.
B．The potential benefits of nostalgia.
C．The impact of nostalgia on personal mood.
D．The mechanisms behind nostalgia’s effects.
【解析】主旨大意题。根据文章第三段的内容“In contrast to its links to negative emotions, nostalgia doesn’t make us sadder.
Rather, nostalgia is a defensive response to unhappiness, one that brings relief from a negative mood. Research from 2006 shows
that nostalgia can actually strengthen social ties, improve self-esteem, and uplift our mood. Other studies suggest that it can also
enhance our view of life’s meaning, reduce fear of death, boost spirituality, and increase optimism.”（与它与负面情绪的联系相
反，怀旧并不会让我们更悲伤。更确切地说，怀旧是对不快乐的一种防御反应，它能让你从消极情绪中解脱出来。2006
年的研究表明，怀旧实际上可以加强社会联系，提高自尊，提升我们的情绪。其他研究表明，它还可以增强我们对生命
意义的看法，减少对死亡的恐惧，提升精神，增加乐观情绪。），可以看出这一段主要讲述了怀旧的潜在好处，如增强
社交关系、提高自尊、提升我们的心情等。故选 B。
【答案】 B
考点四 标题归纳题
解题的关键是要抓住每一段的首尾句，要注意贯穿文章始终的词语。通过寻找文章的主题句，并对主题句进行概括
和提炼，从而确定文章的标题。
做此类题时，要避免以下三种错误：
1. 概括不够(多表现为部分替代整体，从而缩小了范围)；
2. 过度概括(多表现为人为扩大范围)；
3. 以事实、细节替代文章大意。
第一步：明确标题的三大特点。1. 概括性——准确而又简短；2. 针对性——标题外延正好与文章内容相符；
3. 醒目性——能引发读者的阅读欲望。
第二步：确定文章标题。1. 利用正面肯定法：在理解文章主旨的基础上，看哪个选项能准确概括主旨；
2. 利用反面否定法：根据备选项设想用写出来的“文章”将是什么内容，然后和原文章对照；
第三步：主题句总结概括确定文章标题。先研读四个选项里面的中心词、修饰词的变化、概括性等，然后
读完全文。根据文章主旨大意及段落主旨大意及标题的特征，得出结论，再核对选项。
典例 1（. 23-24 高三·江西赣州·期中）Imagine this situation: you live on a tiny island off the north coast of Australia, and you and
most of your friends have never even been to Darwin. You all love dancing: any style, any time, but especially at the local disco,
where hundreds of local kids gather every weekend.
Then one day, on a dusty basketball court, your group is doing an up-beat version of the Sirtaki dance from the 1964 movie
Zorba the Greek. Someone films it, and the film is up-loaded to the Internet. It’s so funny that suddenly you are a sensation, with
thousands of hits in the first few days. Before long, you are receiving invitations to perform all over Australia.
This did happen in 2007 to the Chooky Dancers, an Indigenous dance group who live on Elcho Island, off the coast of
Arnhem Land. Since then, the energetic and very amusing Chookies have performed at numerous comedy festivals and cultural
events all around Aus-tralia. They have also appeared in a full-length feature film. These young Yolngu men absorb and then
reinvent dance moves from everywhere: from traditional Indigenous dance styles and ideas, to techno and hip hop, kung fu and
Bollywood.
And now the Chookies have gone global. In early 2011, they travelled out of Australia for the first time. They went to
Beijing, the capital of China, where they performed their particular brand of dance to a Chinese TV audience of probably close to
one billion.
The Chookies’ act was part of one of China’s biggest annual shows — the Spring Festival Gala. Over the years the festival
has hosted a huge variety of act s from all around the world and of every imaginable style and content. Even so, the audience had
seen nothing like the Chooky Dancers, who began, as usual, with a traditional Yolngu dance, before breaking out into their
signature Zorba. The Chinese were totally won over.
It’s a great international, multicultural, outback youth success story—an Indigenous Australian dance troupe performs a
techno version of a Greek dance on Chinese TV!
What could be the best title of this passage
A．Chooky Dancers Go Global B．The Chookies Appear in Beijing
C．Dancing Perfectly Combines with Basketball D．Technology Makes Improvements in Dancing
【解析】主旨大意题。文章结尾“It’s a great international, multicultural, outback youth success story—an Indigenous Australian
dance troupe performs a techno version of a Greek dance on Chinese TV! (这是一个伟大的国际、多元文化、内陆青年的成功
故事——一个澳大利亚土著舞蹈团在中国电视上表演希腊舞蹈的技术版本！)”可知，文章主要讲述的是一个澳大利亚土著
舞蹈团走向国际，最终成名的故事。故选 A。
【答案】A
一、 真题实战
1.（2024 年全国甲卷 B 篇）
Animals can express their needs using a lot of ways. For instance, almost all animals have distinct vocals (声音) that they
rely on to either ask for help, scare away any dangerous animals or look for shelter. But cats are special creatures who possess
amazing vocalization skills. They are able to have entire conversations with humans using meows and you're able to interpret it. If
a pet cat is hungry, it will keep meowing to attract attention and find food. However, when a cat is looking for affection, they tend
to produce stretched and soft meows. Meowing starts as soon as a baby cat is brought to life and uses it to get the mother's
attention and be fed.
Cats have many heightened senses, but their sense of smell is quite impressive. They use their noses to assess their
environment and look out for any signs of danger. They will sniff out specific areas before they choose a place to relax. However,
another way the cats are able to distinguish between situations is by looking for familiar smells. Your cat will likely smell your
face and store the smell in its memory and use it to recognize you in the future. That's why most pet cats are able to tell
immediately if their owners were around any other cats, which they don't usually like.
Dogs are known for their impressive fetching habit, but cats take this behavior up a notch. Many cats will find random
objects outside and bring them to their owners. This is a very old habit that's been present in all kinds of predators (食肉动物).
Cats bring gifts for their owners to show they love you. These adorable little hunters are just doing something that it's been in their
nature since the beginning of time. So just go along with it!
7. What is a suitable title for the text
A. Tips on Finding a Smart Cat B. Understanding Your Cat's Behavior
C. Have Fun with Your Cat D. How to Keep Your Cat Healthy
【答案】 B
【解析】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Animals can express their needs using a lot of ways.( 动物可以用很多方式来表达他们的
需求。)”及全文可知，文章都在介绍和解释猫的各种行为方式，包括叫声、嗅觉和带回礼物的习惯，以及这些行为背后的
原因和意义。所以“Understanding Your Cat’s Behavior(了解你的猫的行为)”作文文章标题最为合适。故选 B。
2.（2023 年新高考 I 卷 D 篇）
This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors, those errors aren’t always the same. Some people will tend
to overestimate, and some to underestimate. When enough of these errors are averaged together, they cancel each other out,
resulting in a more accurate estimate. If people are similar and tend to make the same errors, then their errors won’t cancel each
other out. In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people’s estimates be independent. If for whatever reasons,
people’s errors become correlated or dependent, the accuracy of the estimate will go down.
22. What is paragraph 2 of the text mainly about
A. The methods of estimation. B. The underlying logic of the effect.
C. The causes of people’s errors. D. The design of Galton’s experiment.
【答案】B
【解析】主旨大意题。根据第二段内容：这种效应利用了这样一个事实，即当人们犯错误时，这些错误并不总是相同的。
有些人常常会高估，或者低估。当这些误差中有足够多的误差被平均在一起时，它们会相互抵消，从而产生更准确的估
计。如果相似的人倾向于犯同样的错误，那么他们的错误不会相互抵消。从更专业的角度来说，群众的智慧要求人们的
估计是独立的。如果由于任何原因，人们的错误变得相关或依赖，估计的准确性就会下降。)”可知，本段阐述了人们所犯
的错误不总是相同的，各不相同的误差平均在一起，相互抵消就会产生更准确的估计，讨论了独立估计的平均如何由于
误差的消除而导致更准确的预测。因此本段主要解释了“群体智慧”效应这一现象的基本逻辑。故选 B。
3.（2022 年新高考 I 卷 C 篇）
Analyses of a language database also confirmed that there was a global change in the sound of world languages after the
Neolithic age, with the use of “f” and “v” increasing remarkably during the last few thousand years. These sounds are still not
found in the languages of many hunter-gatherer people today.
What is paragraph 5 mainly about
A．Supporting evidence for the research results.
B．Potential application of the research findings.
C．A further explanation of the research methods.
D．A reasonable doubt about the research process.
【答案】A
【解析】主旨大意题。根据第五段中的“Analyses of a language database also confirmed that there was a global change in the
sound of world languages after the so Neolithic age, with the use of “f” and “v”increasing remarkably during the last few thousand
years. These sounds are still not found in the languages of many hunter-gatherer people today.(对语言数据库的分析也证实，在
新石器时代之后，世界语言的发音发生了全球性的变化，在过去几千年里，“f”和“v”的使用显著增加。这些声音在今天许
多狩猎采集者的语言中仍然没有发现)”可知，此段主要是通过介绍语言数据库的分析结果来证实语音是发生了很大变化，
有些以前使用的语音，现在不一定找得到，因此此处主要是通过相关证据进一步证明研究结果。故选 A 项。
4.（2022 年浙江卷 1 月 D 篇）
The benefits of regular exercise are well documented but there’s a new bonus to add to the ever-growing list. New
researchers found that middle-aged women who were physically fit could be nearly 90 percent less likely to develop dementia in
later life, and as they did, it came on a decade later than less sporty women.
Lead researcher Dr. Helena Horder, of the University of Gothenburg in Sweden, said : "These findings are exciting because
it’s possible that improving people's cardiovascular （心血管的）fitness in middle age could delay or even prevent them from
developing dementia. "
For the study, 191 women with an average age of 50 took a bicycle exercise test until they were exhausted to measure their
peak （最大值的） cardiovascular capacity. The average peak workload was measured at 103 watts.
A total of 40 women met the criteria for a high fitness level, or 120 watts or higher. A total of 92 women were in the medium
fitness category; and 59 women were in the low fitness category, defined as a peak workload of 80 watts or less, or having their
exercise tests stopped because of high blood pressure, chest pain or other cardiovascular problems.
These women were then tested for dementia six times over the following four decades. During that time, 44 of the women
developed dementia. Five percent of the highly fit women developed dementia, compared to 25 percent of the women with
medium fitness and 32 percent of the women with low fitness.
"However, this study does not show cause and effect between cardiovascular fitness and dementia, it only shows an
association. More research is needed to see if improved fitness could have a positive effect on the risk of dementia and also to
look at when during a lifetime a high fitness level is most important. " She also admitted that a relatively small number of women
were studied, all of whom were form Sweden, so the results might not be applicable to other groups.
Which of the following is the best title for the text
A．More Women Are Exercising to Prevent Dementia
B．Middle-Aged Women Need to Do More Exercise
C．Fit Women Are Less Likely to Develop Dementia
D．Biking Improves Women's Cardiovascular Fitness
【答案】C
【解析】推理判断题。根据文章第一段“New researchers found that middle-aged women who were physically fit could be nearly
90 percent less likely to develop dementia （失智症） in later life, and as they did, it came on a decade later than less sporty
women.”（新的研究人员发现，身体健康的中年女性在晚年患痴呆症的可能性要低近 90%，而且确实如此，与不太喜欢运
动的女性相比，她们患痴呆症的时间要晚十年。）以及文章后面几段通过列举实验目的、过程、方式、结果等，说明了
身体健康的中年女性在老年时患失智症的几率会大大降低。故选 C 项。
二、 命题演练
1.（2024·山东·模拟预测）
In my early childhood, I was often surprised when I saw my father making a small amount of money with difficulty. Being a
child, I was unable to understand him. When I was older, my father started doing a part-time job at home. He used to bring some
work back and work till late night.
I can’t forget he played with me when I was 3-4 years old. He taught me how to read when I was at the age of 5. He took
care of me all night when I was sick. Whenever I felt down, he would cheer me up. He also cared about my lessons and often
helped me get ready for examinations. Later he sent me to New Delhi for the best education. Whenever I needed money, he never
refused. He always managed money for my studies.
Two years ago, I got a job at a hospital in New Delhi. When I got my first salary which was about ten times more than my
pocket money, I spent it all on myself.
When I returned home one fine morning, I heard my father communicating with one neighbor. He was telling him my
success in the job very proudly. He also told him that I had a higher salary than him at the end of his work. A dream, his son
should become better than himself came true.
I was unable to move on my feet. Past 23 years flashed into my mind in a moment. I knew my father loved me very much. I
could understand the decisions my father made in the past. His goal is making his child more successful than himself.
If today I am successful, this is because of my father.
The best title of this passage may be ______.
A．A Successful Child B．An Unforgettable Moment
C．A Difficult Time D．A Father’s Love
【答案】D
【解析】主旨大意题。通读全文以及最后一段“If today I am successful, this is because of my father.(如果今天我成功了，那
是因为我的父亲)”可知，本文主要讲述父亲想要自己的孩子比自己更成功，努力赚钱送孩子受最好的教育，且在孩子的成
长中尽职尽责，体现了一名父亲对孩子的爱，所以“父亲的爱”适合作本文的标题。故选 D。
2.（2023 年湖北武汉校考阶段练习）
Blinkist, a website and an app, now summarizes nonfiction titles in the form of quick takes labeled “blinks”. The end result is
more than one sentence, but not by much. Sarah Bakewell’s “At the Existentialist Café” is broken into 11 screens of information;
Michelle Obama’s “Becoming” fills 13.
What is Paragraph 2 mainly about
A．What Blinkist is. B．Why Blinkist is popular.
C．How to use Blinkist. D．Where you can use Blinkist.
【答案】A
【解析】主旨大意题。根据第二段(Blinkist，一个网站和一个应用程序，现在号称为“blinks”的快速形式总结非小说标题。
最终的结果是不止一句话，但不多。莎拉·贝克威尔的《在存在主义咖啡馆》被分解成 11 个信息屏幕；米歇尔·奥巴马的
《成为》占了 13 个屏幕)”可知，第二段主要介绍了什么是 Blinkist。故选 A。
3.（2024 年全国高三模拟试题）
Did you watch the popular TV series Meet Yourself during your winter vacation In the TV series, the heroine Xu Hongdou
travels to a village in Yunnan province and volunteers at a local cafe. She gets free meals in return. As the show finds a growing
audience, volunteer travel—an old-yet-modern form of travel similar to Xu’s type of work — has attracted more attention.
Volunteer travel refers to taking a trip where all or part of the purpose of the trip is to participate in an arranged service
opportunity to help others. These volunteer trips are usually arranged by church organizations, human interest groups or nonprofit
organizations, and they take form of equal exchanges. During the trip, volunteer travelers often provide services like teaching,
cooking, animal caring, and cultural activities. In exchange for their help, the volunteers may get free or discounted
accommodation, meals and laundry, activities, or classes.
Traditionally, the volunteer activities take place in a foreign country. However, just as what Meet Yourself describes, more
volunteer trips have taken place within the same countries or regions the volunteers originate from in recent years. Sanlian
Lifeweek magazine commented that volunteer projects in rural areas are now attracting more urban visitors as a break from the
fast and stressful pace of urban living. Yang Yan, a founder of a volunteer platform, told the magazine that it has indeed been a
growing trend for urban residents to volunteer in rural areas.
What does the third paragraph mainly talk about
A．A new trend of volunteer trips. B．The future of volunteer trips.
C．The significance of volunteer trips. D．Different views on volunteer trips.
【答案】A
【解析】主旨大意题。根据第三段的“However, just as what Meet Yourself describes, more volunteer trips have taken place
within the same countries or regions the volunteers originate from in recent years. Sanlian Lifeweek magazine commented that
volunteer projects in rural areas are now attracting more urban visitors as a break from the fast and stressful pace of urban living.
Yang Yan, a founder of a volunteer platform, told the magazine that it has indeed been a growing trend for urban residents to
volunteer in rural areas.(然而，正如 Meet Yourself 所描述的那样，近年来，越来越多的志愿者旅行发生在他们的原籍国家
或地区。《三联生活周刊》评论说，农村地区的志愿者项目现在吸引了更多的城市游客，让他们从快速而紧张的城市生
活节奏中解脱出来。一家志愿者平台的创始人 Yang Yan 在接受该杂志采访时表示，城市居民去农村做志愿者确实已经成
为一种日益增长的趋势。)”可知，第三段主要讲的是志愿者旅行的新趋势。故选 A。
4.（2024·安徽·二模）Using hypodermic needles to deliver drugs has been common for more than a century. The past hundred
years have seen all manner of medical advances, yet the needle has stayed mostly unchanged. Although now available in a variety
of different sizes, it remains a hollow (中空的), pointy tube. With luck, that may soon change. Researchers around the world are
looking for ways to ease the passage of needles into the skin. Many have been inspired by nature.
An obvious source of ideas has been mosquitoes, which manage to take their blood meals almost painlessly. One reason is
that the insects release anaesthetic (麻醉的 )chemicals when they first puncture(刺穿 )the skin. But another has to do with the
shape and action of their mouthparts.
The point of a mosquito’s mouthparts is serrated (锯齿状的)and softer at its tip. The insect stretches the skin of its target
before biting, and shakes its mouthparts quickly as it pushes it in. All of this helps to reduce the force needed to puncture the skin.
One paper, published in 2020 by a group of researchers in America and China, found that a mosquito-inspired needle required
27% less force than an ordinary one. And less puncture force means less pain.
Mosquito-inspired needles might also be useful for delicate procedures such as biopsies (活组织检查). A paper from the
University of Michigan, also published in 2020, found that the lower puncture force led to less movement of the sampling area,
ensuring that the needles were guided accurately to the area, rather than missing the target.
For now, such devices remain restricted to labs. But there is a big market for better needles. According to the World Health
Organization, around 16bn injections were given in 2018. With one person in four saying they suffer from trypanophobia, or a fear
of needles, the savings on stickers and sweets for the brave souls who roll up their sleeves would be considerable.
Which of the following is a suitable title for the text
A．The painless needles inspired by nature.
B．The application of the mosquito-inspired needles.
C．The latest medical advances made by researchers.
D．Mosquitoes’ unique way to take the blood painlessly.
【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．A
【解析】主旨大意题。通读全文，本文主要在讨论如何从自然界中寻找灵感来制造更无痛的针头，特别是受蚊子口器启
发的针头，A 项“The painless needles inspired by nature. (无痛针的灵感来自大自然。)”最能概括文章主题，故选 A 项。
5.（2025·浙江·模拟预测）
Do you ever find yourself randomly thinking back to the times we wandered, collecting wildflowers and smiling beneath the
sky That feeling is often referred to as nostalgia (怀旧).
Psychologists have defined nostalgia as a self-conscious, social emotion, bittersweet but dominantly positive. It comes from
our happy memories and our desire to go back to the past and reconnect with the people we cared about. Often, nostalgia involves
sensory stimuli. On some occasions, the smell of autumn leaves might generate a fierce longing for your childhood home. Almost
everyone can experience nostalgia, although its object tends to vary throughout life. One survey conducted by the psychologist
Krystine Irene Batcho found that younger people felt more nostalgia for pets, toys, and holidays than did older people, who felt it
more strongly for music.
In contrast to its links to negative emotions, nostalgia doesn’t make us sadder. Rather, nostalgia is a defensive response to
unhappiness, one that brings relief from a negative mood. Research from 2006 shows that nostalgia can actually strengthen social
ties, improve self-esteem, and uplift our mood. Other studies suggest that it can also enhance our view of life’s meaning, reduce
fear of death, boost spirituality, and increase optimism.
Scholars remain uncertain about the precise mechanism behind the effectiveness of nostalgia; however, some suggest that
reflecting on joyful memories strengthens our sense of self-worth and belonging, particularly during times of loneliness or
self-doubt. Its power lets the happiness of the past overcome the current unpleasantness, offering a bit of escape from tough times.
To form stronger connections, we can establish traditions around shared past experiences in families, friend groups, and
workplaces. Observing special occasions like childhood sports or post-college meetups can give us something to look forward to.
Perhaps because it is so powerful and complex, nostalgia has received magical treatment from poets and writers. “The past
is hidden somewhere outside the realm (领域), beyond the reach of intellect,” Marcel Proust wrote.
Which of the following is the best title for the text
A．Nostalgia: Why We Should Avoid Reflecting on the Past
B．Nostalgia: A Shelter Against the Unhappiness of Our Life
C．A Nostalgia Warning: Our Mental Health Being Attacked
D．Power of Nostalgia: Struggling for an Irreplaceable Present
【答案】 B
【解析】主旨大意题。根据全文内容以及第四段“Scholars remain uncertain about the precise mechanism behind the
effectiveness of nostalgia; however, some suggest that reflecting on joyful memories strengthens our sense of self-worth and
belonging, particularly during times of loneliness or self-doubt. Its power lets the happiness of the past overcome the current
unpleasantness, offering a bit of escape from tough times.”（学者们仍然不确定怀旧效应背后的确切机制；然而，一些人认为，
回忆快乐的记忆可以增强我们的自我价值感和归属感，尤其是在孤独或自我怀疑的时候。它的力量可以让过去的快乐克
服当前的不愉快，为艰难时期提供一点逃避。），文章主要讲述了怀旧的定义、产生原因、影响以及我们应如何利用怀
旧来增强社交关系和自我价值感，因此 B 选项“怀旧：我们生活中的避难所”最能概括全文内容。故选 B。第 04 讲 主旨大意题
目录
01 考情透视·目标导航 1
02 知识导图·思维引航 2
03 考点突破·考法探究 2
考点一 题型破解 2
知识点 1 题型特点 3
知识点 2 选项规律 3
知识点 3 高分技巧 3
考点二 文章大意题 6
考点三 段落大意题 7
考点三 标题归纳题 9
04 真题练习·命题洞现
1.真题实战 10
2.命题演练 13
近三年阅读理解主旨大意题考点细目
年份 卷别 题号
新高考 I卷 26
2024 新高考 II 卷 31
全国甲卷 27
浙江卷 1月 35
新高考 I卷 32
2023 新高考 II 卷 27
全国甲卷
全国乙卷 32
浙江卷 1月 27、35
新高考 I卷 32
2022 新高考 II 卷 31
全国甲卷 27、31、32
全国乙卷 31
考点一 题型破解
知识点 1 题型特点
一篇文章一般表达一个中心或主题。这个中心或主题通常用一个句子来概括，此句叫主题句，主题句必须能简洁明
了地概括全文的主要内容，具有高度的综合性和概括性，文章或段落的其他句子都是对主题句的进一步的解释、说明、
论证或拓展。
整体分布：主旨大意题在高考中出现次数稳定，通常 1-2 题，2022 年全国甲卷涉及 3 题。说明文和议论文的主题句多位
于文章的开头，有时也位于文章的中间或末尾。记叙文多在文章末尾点题，但有时不能直接在文章中直接找到主题句，
需要考生在弄清段与段之间逻辑关系的基础上自己归纳总结。
设问方式：主旨大意题题干关键词 best title, main idea/theme/subject, mainly about 等。
难度分析：这类试题主要考查通过快速浏览文章，获得主旨大意，并对文章的标题、主题、段落大意等进行归纳、概括
的能力。题目具有一定难度，属于易错重难题。
考查内容： 常见主旨大意题命题包括题目类型包括标题归纳题、段落大意题、文章大意题。
高频命题点
1. 段首、段尾处常考
2. 转折词处常考
3. 因果关系处常考
4. 问题处常考
知识点 2 选项规律
干扰项特征 例句
断章取义 原文内容有出现，但仅为文中某一细节，与主题无关。
以偏概全 选项和文章主题有部分相关，但不能概括全部。。
主观臆断 选项涉及内容仅凭生活常理主观推断，而不符合文章或段落主题。
知识点 3 高分技巧
一 文章大意题找主题句的技巧：
1. 段落中出现表示转折的词语(如 however, but, in fact, actually 等)时，该句很可能是主题句。
2. 首段出现疑问句时，对该问句的回答很可能就是文章主旨。
3. 作者有意识地重复的观点，通常是主旨；反复出现的词语，一般为体现文章主旨的关键词。
4. 表示总结或结论的句子常包含 therefore, thus, in short, conclude, conclusion 等词，通常是主旨。
二 段落首尾兼顾法寻找主题句：
1.段首段尾：段首--主题句多为段首一两句(观点或对象)；段尾--主题句也常为段尾句(结论或总结)。
2.段中：主题句有时在段中(前面的话是为引出主题）。
3.无主题句：有时没有主题句，需根据段落内容自己概括。
三 标题归纳题找主题句
1.概括性：概括全文，体现主旨；
2.针对性：内涵相符，范围一致；
3.新颖性：新颖奇特，吸引眼球；
4.简短性：名词短语,动名词短语或祈使句。
考点二 文章大意题
概括文章大意题时，有效的方法就是辨认主题句。主题句具有简洁性、概括性的特点，文章的中心思想往往是每段主
题句的综合。若文章无主题句，这就需要我们依据文中的事实、细节、观点去进行分析、推断和归纳，从而概括出文章
大意。核对选项时，根据自己总结的大意，就可以用排除法将干扰项逐个排除。
典例 1.（2024·宁夏银川·一模）“We’ve got a problem here,” our mechanic (修理工) Randy said over the phone.
“What is it ” I asked. My husband, Matthew, and I had dropped off our car for an oil change a couple of hours earlier. We
had made an appointment with our usual mechanic Randy and decided on using synthetic oil, which requires a change every 500
miles, as opposed to 300 miles for regular oil. Though synthetic oil was the more expensive option, it seemed like a good
investment considering how much we would travel.
“Once of my guys put in the wrong oil,” Randy explained. He had been out of the garage for a test drive and left our oil
change to one of his employees. The employee had put in the regular oil. “Now we can drain (排干) the engine and put in the
synthetic oil,” Randy said. “Or you can leave it as it is. You won’t be charged since it was our mistake.”
Matthew and I decided to leave things alone. Draining the engine seemed like a waste. We could get the synthetic oil the
next time around. But we did insist on paying for the work — it had been an honest mistake after all.
Matthew and I didn’t think about the oil change until a few weeks later. We were making plans to drive from South
Carolina, up through the mountains of West Virginia, to visit my uncle in Maryland. It was a long trip, and we’d already put 286
miles on the car since our last oil change, so we wanted Randy to change the oil early.
We dropped off the car before lunch and asked Randy to do the change. We’d barely sat down to eat when my phone rang.
It was Randy. “Your brakes are completely shot,” he said. “I’m surprised they lasted the drive over here. You’ll need to replace
them immediately.” Luckily, he had the parts on hand. We gave him the go-ahead and hung up.
Matthew and I stared at each other in disbelief. If the correct oil had been put in a few weeks earlier, we wouldn’t have
gone back to the mechanic so soon. We wouldn’t have known the brakes were bad. Who knows what could have happened,
especially on those mountain roads
What is a suitable title for the text
A．An unexpected “mistake” B．Be grateful for a “mistake”
C．An undesirable car accident D．Be regretful for an oil change
典例 2.（2023 年福建厦门一中模拟测试）For the first time, scientists have measured what actually happens with face-to-face
interactions when employees start to work at an open-plan office, and their results show these modern workspaces are not as
cooperative as you’d think.
Two researchers from Harvard Business School and Harvard University wanted to test whether removing walls at a
real-world workplace really increases interactions between co-workers. “To our knowledge, no prior study has directly measured
the effect on actual interaction that results from removing walls to create an open office environment,” Ethan S. Bernstein and
Stephen Turban write in the paper. To that end, they approached two multinational companies that were re-organizing their office
spaces at the global headquarters, and enlisted small groups of employees for two studies.
For eight weeks before the office redesign and eight weeks afterward, the researchers tracked employees’ social interactions
and locations. This data was analyzed together with email and instant messaging information from the company’s servers to
measure differences in how people were communicating with each other.
What they found was a pretty astonishing difference in face-to-face interactions — but not in the direction you might think.
Across both experiments, employees’ social interactions in person decreased by a crazy 70 percent, while emails saw an uptick by
roughly 20 to 50 percent.
So, instead of spending more time cooperating with co-workers in the new space where everyone could see them, people got
their heads down and tried to preserve their privacy any way they could. According to these results, it appears that being forced
into a more open-plan environment can make people switch from chatting to others in person to sending an email or using instant
messaging instead.
As the team notes, it’s not automatically a bad thing, but it can certainly change work dynamics in an unexpected way. “That
can have important consequences for how — and how productively — work gets done,” the researchers conclude.
What is the main idea of the text
A．Real-world workplaces increase employees’ interaction.
B．Work dynamics don’t have much effect on work efficiency.
C．Modern workspaces change workers’ way of communication.
D．Open-plan offices can’t promote cooperation between co-workers.
考点三 段落大意题
段落常见结构
总分型 主题句在段首；
分总型 主题句在段尾；
总分总型 主题句段首尾前后呼应；
分总分型 开头抛砖引玉，主题在段总；
名师提醒：解答段落大意题时，除了关注段落结构外，还应当抓住段落中出现频率较高的关键词，然后对其概
括和归纳，确定段落大意。易错提醒：当段中没有出现明确的主题句时，不能生搬硬套随便选择文中原句，
而应当根据文中内容提炼主题句。
典例 1.（2024·湖南长沙·三模）
The couple had set up a page on a website to raise money for this purpose. They had hoped to raise about $20,000.
Nevertheless, Ms. McIntyre’s last post attracted a lot of attention. The donations on her web page quickly passed the total goal. In
less than a week, the site had raised 10 times more than expected and the donations are still coming in. By November 22, 2023,
Ms. McIntyre’s web page had raised over $627,000, or enough money to pay off about $60 million in medical debts.
Mr. Gregory planned a special event in December to celebrate Ms. McIntyre’s life and to announce how many millions of
dollars of medical debts her efforts had paid for.
What is paragraph 4 mainly about
A．The couple’s anticipation. B．The public involvement.
C．The operation of a website. D．The increase of medical debts.
典例 2.（2024·陕西宝鸡·三模）
......
Approaching the unconscious victim, Lobb saw that it was a middle-aged man. When at last they reached Pier 15, they
faced a new uncertainty. How-to get out On the pier, a crowd had gathered. From somewhere, the onlookers produced a rope and
a life preserver (救生圈), which they threw to Jafri and Lobb. With the two men pushing from below and the crowd pulling from
above, the man’s dangling body slowly rose until helping hands pulled him onto the pier.
What is the fourth paragraph mainly about
A．The knowledge about first aid. B．The way to rescue the drowned.
C．The process of saving a stranger. D．The value of people’s pulling together.
变式训练（2025·浙江·模拟预测）......
In contrast to its links to negative emotions, nostalgia doesn’t make us sadder. Rather, nostalgia is a defensive response to
unhappiness, one that brings relief from a negative mood. Research from 2006 shows that nostalgia can actually strengthen social
ties, improve self-esteem, and uplift our mood. Other studies suggest that it can also enhance our view of life’s meaning, reduce
fear of death, boost spirituality, and increase optimism.
What is paragraph 3 mainly about
A．The mismatch between two findings.
B．The potential benefits of nostalgia.
C．The impact of nostalgia on personal mood.
D．The mechanisms behind nostalgia’s effects.
考点四 标题归纳题
解题的关键是要抓住每一段的首尾句，要注意贯穿文章始终的词语。通过寻找文章的主题句，并对主题句进行概括
和提炼，从而确定文章的标题。
做此类题时，要避免以下三种错误：
1. 概括不够(多表现为部分替代整体，从而缩小了范围)；
2. 过度概括(多表现为人为扩大范围)；
3. 以事实、细节替代文章大意。
典例 1（. 23-24 高三·江西赣州·期中）Imagine this situation: you live on a tiny island off the north coast of Australia, and you and
most of your friends have never even been to Darwin. You all love dancing: any style, any time, but especially at the local disco,
where hundreds of local kids gather every weekend.
Then one day, on a dusty basketball court, your group is doing an up-beat version of the Sirtaki dance from the 1964 movie
Zorba the Greek. Someone films it, and the film is up-loaded to the Internet. It’s so funny that suddenly you are a sensation, with
thousands of hits in the first few days. Before long, you are receiving invitations to perform all over Australia.
This did happen in 2007 to the Chooky Dancers, an Indigenous dance group who live on Elcho Island, off the coast of
Arnhem Land. Since then, the energetic and very amusing Chookies have performed at numerous comedy festivals and cultural
events all around Aus-tralia. They have also appeared in a full-length feature film. These young Yolngu men absorb and then
reinvent dance moves from everywhere: from traditional Indigenous dance styles and ideas, to techno and hip hop, kung fu and
Bollywood.
And now the Chookies have gone global. In early 2011, they travelled out of Australia for the first time. They went to
Beijing, the capital of China, where they performed their particular brand of dance to a Chinese TV audience of probably close to
one billion.
The Chookies’ act was part of one of China’s biggest annual shows — the Spring Festival Gala. Over the years the festival
has hosted a huge variety of act s from all around the world and of every imaginable style and content. Even so, the audience had
seen nothing like the Chooky Dancers, who began, as usual, with a traditional Yolngu dance, before breaking out into their
signature Zorba. The Chinese were totally won over.
It’s a great international, multicultural, outback youth success story—an Indigenous Australian dance troupe performs a
techno version of a Greek dance on Chinese TV!
What could be the best title of this passage
A．Chooky Dancers Go Global B．The Chookies Appear in Beijing
C．Dancing Perfectly Combines with Basketball D．Technology Makes Improvements in Dancing
一、 真题实战
1.（2024 年全国甲卷 B 篇）
Animals can express their needs using a lot of ways. For instance, almost all animals have distinct vocals (声音) that they
rely on to either ask for help, scare away any dangerous animals or look for shelter. But cats are special creatures who possess
amazing vocalization skills. They are able to have entire conversations with humans using meows and you're able to interpret it. If
a pet cat is hungry, it will keep meowing to attract attention and find food. However, when a cat is looking for affection, they tend
to produce stretched and soft meows. Meowing starts as soon as a baby cat is brought to life and uses it to get the mother's
attention and be fed.
Cats have many heightened senses, but their sense of smell is quite impressive. They use their noses to assess their
environment and look out for any signs of danger. They will sniff out specific areas before they choose a place to relax. However,
another way the cats are able to distinguish between situations is by looking for familiar smells. Your cat will likely smell your
face and store the smell in its memory and use it to recognize you in the future. That's why most pet cats are able to tell
immediately if their owners were around any other cats, which they don't usually like.
Dogs are known for their impressive fetching habit, but cats take this behavior up a notch. Many cats will find random
objects outside and bring them to their owners. This is a very old habit that's been present in all kinds of predators (食肉动物).
Cats bring gifts for their owners to show they love you. These adorable little hunters are just doing something that it's been in their
nature since the beginning of time. So just go along with it!
7. What is a suitable title for the text
A. Tips on Finding a Smart Cat B. Understanding Your Cat's Behavior
C. Have Fun with Your Cat D. How to Keep Your Cat Healthy
2.（2023 年新高考 I 卷 D 篇）
This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors, those errors aren’t always the same. Some people will tend
to overestimate, and some to underestimate. When enough of these errors are averaged together, they cancel each other out,
resulting in a more accurate estimate. If people are similar and tend to make the same errors, then their errors won’t cancel each
other out. In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people’s estimates be independent. If for whatever reasons,
people’s errors become correlated or dependent, the accuracy of the estimate will go down.
22. What is paragraph 2 of the text mainly about
A. The methods of estimation. B. The underlying logic of the effect.
C. The causes of people’s errors. D. The design of Galton’s experiment.
3.（2022 年新高考 I 卷 C 篇）
Analyses of a language database also confirmed that there was a global change in the sound of world languages after the
Neolithic age, with the use of “f” and “v” increasing remarkably during the last few thousand years. These sounds are still not
found in the languages of many hunter-gatherer people today.
What is paragraph 5 mainly about
A．Supporting evidence for the research results.
B．Potential application of the research findings.
C．A further explanation of the research methods.
D．A reasonable doubt about the research process.
4.（2022 年浙江卷 1 月 D 篇）
The benefits of regular exercise are well documented but there’s a new bonus to add to the ever-growing list. New
researchers found that middle-aged women who were physically fit could be nearly 90 percent less likely to develop dementia in
later life, and as they did, it came on a decade later than less sporty women.
Lead researcher Dr. Helena Horder, of the University of Gothenburg in Sweden, said : "These findings are exciting because
it’s possible that improving people's cardiovascular （心血管的）fitness in middle age could delay or even prevent them from
developing dementia. "
For the study, 191 women with an average age of 50 took a bicycle exercise test until they were exhausted to measure their
peak （最大值的） cardiovascular capacity. The average peak workload was measured at 103 watts.
A total of 40 women met the criteria for a high fitness level, or 120 watts or higher. A total of 92 women were in the medium
fitness category; and 59 women were in the low fitness category, defined as a peak workload of 80 watts or less, or having their
exercise tests stopped because of high blood pressure, chest pain or other cardiovascular problems.
These women were then tested for dementia six times over the following four decades. During that time, 44 of the women
developed dementia. Five percent of the highly fit women developed dementia, compared to 25 percent of the women with
medium fitness and 32 percent of the women with low fitness.
"However, this study does not show cause and effect between cardiovascular fitness and dementia, it only shows an
association. More research is needed to see if improved fitness could have a positive effect on the risk of dementia and also to
look at when during a lifetime a high fitness level is most important. " She also admitted that a relatively small number of women
were studied, all of whom were form Sweden, so the results might not be applicable to other groups.
Which of the following is the best title for the text
A．More Women Are Exercising to Prevent Dementia
B．Middle-Aged Women Need to Do More Exercise
C．Fit Women Are Less Likely to Develop Dementia
D．Biking Improves Women's Cardiovascular Fitness
二、 命题演练
1.（2024·山东·模拟预测）
In my early childhood, I was often surprised when I saw my father making a small amount of money with difficulty. Being a
child, I was unable to understand him. When I was older, my father started doing a part-time job at home. He used to bring some
work back and work till late night.
I can’t forget he played with me when I was 3-4 years old. He taught me how to read when I was at the age of 5. He took
care of me all night when I was sick. Whenever I felt down, he would cheer me up. He also cared about my lessons and often
helped me get ready for examinations. Later he sent me to New Delhi for the best education. Whenever I needed money, he never
refused. He always managed money for my studies.
Two years ago, I got a job at a hospital in New Delhi. When I got my first salary which was about ten times more than my
pocket money, I spent it all on myself.
When I returned home one fine morning, I heard my father communicating with one neighbor. He was telling him my
success in the job very proudly. He also told him that I had a higher salary than him at the end of his work. A dream, his son
should become better than himself came true.
I was unable to move on my feet. Past 23 years flashed into my mind in a moment. I knew my father loved me very much. I
could understand the decisions my father made in the past. His goal is making his child more successful than himself.
If today I am successful, this is because of my father.
The best title of this passage may be ______.
A．A Successful Child B．An Unforgettable Moment
C．A Difficult Time D．A Father’s Love
2.（2023 年湖北武汉校考阶段练习）
Blinkist, a website and an app, now summarizes nonfiction titles in the form of quick takes labeled “blinks”. The end result is
more than one sentence, but not by much. Sarah Bakewell’s “At the Existentialist Café” is broken into 11 screens of information;
Michelle Obama’s “Becoming” fills 13.
What is Paragraph 2 mainly about
A．What Blinkist is. B．Why Blinkist is popular.
C．How to use Blinkist. D．Where you can use Blinkist.
3.（2024 年全国高三模拟试题）
Did you watch the popular TV series Meet Yourself during your winter vacation In the TV series, the heroine Xu Hongdou
travels to a village in Yunnan province and volunteers at a local cafe. She gets free meals in return. As the show finds a growing
audience, volunteer travel—an old-yet-modern form of travel similar to Xu’s type of work — has attracted more attention.
Volunteer travel refers to taking a trip where all or part of the purpose of the trip is to participate in an arranged service
opportunity to help others. These volunteer trips are usually arranged by church organizations, human interest groups or nonprofit
organizations, and they take form of equal exchanges. During the trip, volunteer travelers often provide services like teaching,
cooking, animal caring, and cultural activities. In exchange for their help, the volunteers may get free or discounted
accommodation, meals and laundry, activities, or classes.
Traditionally, the volunteer activities take place in a foreign country. However, just as what Meet Yourself describes, more
volunteer trips have taken place within the same countries or regions the volunteers originate from in recent years. Sanlian
Lifeweek magazine commented that volunteer projects in rural areas are now attracting more urban visitors as a break from the
fast and stressful pace of urban living. Yang Yan, a founder of a volunteer platform, told the magazine that it has indeed been a
growing trend for urban residents to volunteer in rural areas.
What does the third paragraph mainly talk about
A．A new trend of volunteer trips. B．The future of volunteer trips.
C．The significance of volunteer trips. D．Different views on volunteer trips.
4.（2024·安徽·二模）Using hypodermic needles to deliver drugs has been common for more than a century. The past hundred
years have seen all manner of medical advances, yet the needle has stayed mostly unchanged. Although now available in a variety
of different sizes, it remains a hollow (中空的), pointy tube. With luck, that may soon change. Researchers around the world are
looking for ways to ease the passage of needles into the skin. Many have been inspired by nature.
An obvious source of ideas has been mosquitoes, which manage to take their blood meals almost painlessly. One reason is
that the insects release anaesthetic (麻醉的 )chemicals when they first puncture(刺穿 )the skin. But another has to do with the
shape and action of their mouthparts.
The point of a mosquito’s mouthparts is serrated (锯齿状的)and softer at its tip. The insect stretches the skin of its target
before biting, and shakes its mouthparts quickly as it pushes it in. All of this helps to reduce the force needed to puncture the skin.
One paper, published in 2020 by a group of researchers in America and China, found that a mosquito-inspired needle required
27% less force than an ordinary one. And less puncture force means less pain.
Mosquito-inspired needles might also be useful for delicate procedures such as biopsies (活组织检查). A paper from the
University of Michigan, also published in 2020, found that the lower puncture force led to less movement of the sampling area,
ensuring that the needles were guided accurately to the area, rather than missing the target.
For now, such devices remain restricted to labs. But there is a big market for better needles. According to the World Health
Organization, around 16bn injections were given in 2018. With one person in four saying they suffer from trypanophobia, or a fear
of needles, the savings on stickers and sweets for the brave souls who roll up their sleeves would be considerable.
Which of the following is a suitable title for the text
A．The painless needles inspired by nature.
B．The application of the mosquito-inspired needles.
C．The latest medical advances made by researchers.
D．Mosquitoes’ unique way to take the blood painlessly.
5.（2025·浙江·模拟预测）
Do you ever find yourself randomly thinking back to the times we wandered, collecting wildflowers and smiling beneath the
sky That feeling is often referred to as nostalgia (怀旧).
Psychologists have defined nostalgia as a self-conscious, social emotion, bittersweet but dominantly positive. It comes from
our happy memories and our desire to go back to the past and reconnect with the people we cared about. Often, nostalgia involves
sensory stimuli. On some occasions, the smell of autumn leaves might generate a fierce longing for your childhood home. Almost
everyone can experience nostalgia, although its object tends to vary throughout life. One survey conducted by the psychologist
Krystine Irene Batcho found that younger people felt more nostalgia for pets, toys, and holidays than did older people, who felt it
more strongly for music.
In contrast to its links to negative emotions, nostalgia doesn’t make us sadder. Rather, nostalgia is a defensive response to
unhappiness, one that brings relief from a negative mood. Research from 2006 shows that nostalgia can actually strengthen social
ties, improve self-esteem, and uplift our mood. Other studies suggest that it can also enhance our view of life’s meaning, reduce
fear of death, boost spirituality, and increase optimism.
Scholars remain uncertain about the precise mechanism behind the effectiveness of nostalgia; however, some suggest that
reflecting on joyful memories strengthens our sense of self-worth and belonging, particularly during times of loneliness or
self-doubt. Its power lets the happiness of the past overcome the current unpleasantness, offering a bit of escape from tough times.
To form stronger connections, we can establish traditions around shared past experiences in families, friend groups, and
workplaces. Observing special occasions like childhood sports or post-college meetups can give us something to look forward to.
Perhaps because it is so powerful and complex, nostalgia has received magical treatment from poets and writers. “The past
is hidden somewhere outside the realm (领域), beyond the reach of intellect,” Marcel Proust wrote.
Which of the following is the best title for the text
A．Nostalgia: Why We Should Avoid Reflecting on the Past
B．Nostalgia: A Shelter Against the Unhappiness of Our Life
C．A Nostalgia Warning: Our Mental Health Being Attacked
D．Power of Nostalgia: Struggling for an Irreplaceable Present

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