第05讲 动词和动词短语(讲义)(含答案) 2025年高考英语一轮复习讲练测(新教材新高考)

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第05讲 动词和动词短语(讲义)(含答案) 2025年高考英语一轮复习讲练测(新教材新高考)

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第 05 讲 动词和动词短语
目录
01 考情透视·目标导航 ..........................................................................................................................2
02 知识导图·思维引航 ..........................................................................................................................3
03 考点突破·考法探究 ..........................................................................................................................4
【基础详单】
知识点 动词概述、命题及解题方向 ........................................................................................4
考点一 动词
知识点 1 系动词 ......................................................................................................................4
知识点 2 实义动词 ....................................................................................................................6
知识点 3 情态动词 ....................................................................................................................7
知识点4 助动词 ....................................................................................................................10
考点二 动词短语
知识点 1 动词+介词/副词.....................................................................................................
11
知识点 2 动词+名词 ...............................................................................................................12
知识点 3 高频动词动词短语 .................................................................................................
13
04 真题练习·命题洞现
1.真题实战...................................................................................................................................15
2.命题演练 ...............................................................................................................................17
年份 卷别 动词和动词短语(2022-2024) 命题趋势
新高考 I 卷 won 赢得;training 训练;hated 讨厌; turned to 转向;dreamed 梦想; 分 析 近 年
borrowed 借; passed 超过;matured 成熟; (7+1) 高考试卷可知,
approached 靠近; attended 参加,上(学);building 修建;quote 引用; 高考对动词和
2024 新高考 II 卷 recall 记起;rely on 依靠;showed 展示;traveling 旅行;engage 参与 动词短语的考
(7+1) 查一直是高考
struggled 斗争、奋斗;string 串起;praised 赞扬; remind 提醒;gather 试题的重点和
浙江卷 1 月 集合;come up with 想出;accompanied 伴随;forgotten 忘记;(7+1) 难点。其广泛分
布在试卷的所
全国甲卷 experienced 经历; tolerated 容忍;study 学习;admire 钦佩;
有提醒中,不同
go through 经历;talk 对话、讨论;come alive 变生动;(7+1)
题型各有侧重
新高考 I 卷 finished 完成; stopped 停止;bent down 弯腰; assessed 评估;leave 离 点。
开;(4+1) 听力:中侧重其
happened碰巧;offered提供; pick up接载; work out解决;load装载; call 动词及情态动
新高考 II 卷 打电话;flew 飞;(5+2) 词的语音语调、
stayed 暂住; making 使;让; bring 带来; tried 尝试;look 看起 词义辨析、时态
全国甲卷 来;pack 包装;grown 成长;given 给;(6+1) 和句式的灵活
knew , ; led ; took ;shine pack up 运用;知道了解 带领;领先 需要 照耀;发光;
阅读理解:侧重
整理;收拾行李;ride 骑;漂浮;went off 离开;train 培训;helped 帮
全国乙卷 助;defeated 打败;transformed winning 动词词义、熟词转换;改造;改变; 赢得;
led 带领;领先; took 需要; shine 照耀;发光(14+1 生义以及动词)
在长难句中的
2023 chat 闲聊; write 写;learning 学习;flying by 飞越;飞逝;complaining 灵活运用;
北京卷 抱怨; tell 告诉;看出,判断出;区分;(5+1) 完形填空:侧重
witness 见证;目睹;followed 跟随;gathered 聚集、采集; lit 点燃; 考查词义辨析
浙江卷 1 月 点亮;climbing 攀爬;inched 缓慢移动;slid down 滑下; hatching 和熟词生义;
孵化;(6+1) 语法填空:考查
新高考 I 卷 camped 露营;worked 起作用;headed off 启程,出发;interrupted 中 谓语和非谓语
断;start 启动;(4+1) 辨析为主,
新高考 II 卷 plan 计划; please 取悦; staying 停留;sending 发送;(4) 书面表达:考查
对动词词形和
全国甲卷 learned 了解到;worried 担心;. walked 牵着(动物)走; continued
用法的熟练掌
继续;suggested 建议,推荐;respected 尊重; caring 照顾;need 需
握。
要;
复习目标
全国乙卷 escaping 避开;; interpreted 解释 escaping 避开;interpreted 解释; 1. 掌握动词的
contradicted 相矛盾;see 看见;speak 说;comprehended 理解; insist 基本用法;
on 坚持;(8+1) 2. 掌握以动词
为核心的固定
go through 经历;compromise 使陷入危险、妥协;include 包括;expect
浙江卷 1 月 期待、预期; understand 理解;add 补充说;(4+1) 短语;
love 爱; as if 好像;afford 支付得起; introduce 介绍;believe 相信; 3. 掌握常考不
浙江卷 6 月 C. develop 发展,培养;follow 跟随;giving 给;(7+1) 及物动词和系
北京卷 spotted 看见、注意到; recover 恢复、康复;arrive 到达;show up 动词;
露面,出现;(4)
【基础详单】
知识点 动词概述
动词在英语中分为四大类,分别是实义动词(句子中表示动作的词如 eat, )、系动词(链接前后的作用如,
be, keep,become 等)、情态动词(表示说话人的语气和态度,如 must, can, may, should 等。)和助动词(帮
助实义动词构成疑问句、否定句和各种时态 do, have)。
命题方向:
阅读理解:考查动词或短语的词义辨析及熟词生义,如【2022·全国乙卷】hit home to 切中要害,深刻
理解;
完形填空:主要考查在特定语境中动词和动词短语的熟词生义和词义辨析。动词词义辨析题主要考查
结合语境区分动词词义的能力,在平时的学习中应当掌握常用动词的基本意义,注意一词多义和熟词生义;
养成推敲句子的含义以及对语境理解的习惯。
语法填空: 考查动词作谓语和非谓语的用法,动词和其它词的搭配,如【2024·新高考【I stay closed
在语篇型填空中,给出动词,要求考生在设空出填出与之搭配的介词或者副词。预计 2025 年的高考动词和
动词短语考查语境复杂化和综合化的特点。
解题方向:1.长难句中首先考虑找到谓语,提炼句子的主干;
2.解决熟词生义时务必瞻前顾后,根据上下文进行合理推断;
3. 掌握谓语的考点和解题策略;
4. 掌握非谓语的考点和解题策略;
5. 在复杂语境中根据前后文进行词类转换。
考点一 动词
知识点 1 系动词
概述:系动词又叫连系动词,像一根纽带,起到联系主语和表语的作用。
表示状态:be(am, is, are)
表示感官:feel 摸起来,look 看起来,smell 闻起来,sound 听起来,taste 尝起来
表示变化:become 变得,go 变得,run 变得,fall 变得,grow 逐渐变得,turn 变得
表示终止:prove 证实,turn out 变成
表示持续:keep 保持,stay 保持,remain 保持不变,stand 处于
【浙江卷阅读理解】Of course, our brains can decline as we grow older for lots of reasons including other
environmental influences or genetic factors.(系动词)
当然,随着年龄的增长,我们的大脑会出于很多原因而衰退,包括环境影响和遗传因素等。
【新课标 I 卷 II 卷】 In Asia, messaging platforms are growing rapidly, with users in the hundreds of millions,
both at work and play.(实义动词)
在亚洲,信息收发平台快速发展,数百万的用户使用这些平台进行工作或娱乐。
易错提醒:1.有些单词一词多义,在作系动词时,要跟形容词作表语;但同一词形如果作实义动词用,意思
变化,且用副词修饰。2.系动词有时态的变化,不能用于被动语态。
典例 1. (2024 年新高考 I 卷)These sepals open on warm days to give the inside plants sunshine and fresh air. In
cold weather, the structure stays ________ (close) to protect the plants.
【解析】考查形容词。句意:然后在寒冷的天气里,这个结构保持关闭,以保护亚热带植物。空处用于 stays
之后作表语,应用形容词 closed,表示“紧闭的”,符合题意。
【答案】closed
思维建模:根据句子结构判断 stay 的词性,根据逻辑意思判断其用法,再根据设空单词的用法解题。
典例 2. (2024 年湖南高三模拟试卷)The water (feel) cool when I jumped into the pool for morning
exercise.
【解析】考查时态。句意:当我跳进游泳池晨练时,水感觉很凉。根据句意和句中“jumped”可知,句子陈述
的是过去发生的事,应用一般过去时,“feel”意为“感觉”,为感官动词,用主动形式表示被动含义,“feel”的
过去式为“felt”。故填 felt。
【答案】felt
变式训练 1.It had white-painted tunnels and bright red carriages, and (prove)extremely popular with the
public.
【解析】考查系动词。句意:它有刷成白色的管道和亮红色的车厢,证明是在大众中特别受欢迎的。根据
空格后面的形容词 popular 和给出的提示词,可知此处 prove 作系动词,“证明是、原来是、结果是”,根据
前句时态一般过去时,故填 proved。
【答案】proved
变式训练 2.The young man performed as if he (be) a woman on the stage. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【解析】考查谓语。句意:那位男人在舞台上表现的好像是一个女人一样。根据句子结构和意思可知,这
里考查“as if”引导的方式状语从句的虚拟语气结构,从句谓语跟主句谓语“performed”是同时发生,要用一般
过去式的形式,be 动词要用 were。故填 were。
【答案】were
知识点 2 实义动词
概述:实义动词又叫行为动词,表示动作的动词,有实在的意义,如 eat, run, think 等。实义动词是具有完
整意义,可以单独作谓语,主要表示主语的动作、状态和品质。根据其在句子中是否需要跟宾语,分为及
物动词和不及物动词。
常见的不及物动词有:
agree 同意 arrive 到达 come 来
die 死 exist 存在 fall 掉下
spread 传开 happen 发生 lie 平躺
stay 待 walk 走 rise 升起
remain 剩下 consist 由......组成 go 去
lie 位于,在于 laugh 大笑 snow 下雪
live 居住 think 想 hope 希望
名师提醒:1.不及物动词不能直接跟宾语,需要加上相应的介词才能跟宾语,不及物动词不能用于被动语态。
如 talk to /with sb(与某人交谈),think about sth(思考某事), hope for sth.(希望某事),dream of sth.(梦
想某事)。2.有些动词可以跟同源宾语如,dream a good/bad dream; live a comfortable life 过着舒适的生活。
3.有些动词表达动作事实是及物动词,如 sell, lock, wash, write, spread; 表示性质特点时为不及物动词。
例1. The books have been sold out.(vt.)这些书已经卖完了。
例2. The book sells well.(vi.)这本书很畅销。
例3. You don’t have to write these things in detail. (vt.)你不必详细地写这些东西。【2021·新高考 II】
例4. The pen writes smoothly. (vi.)这支笔写起来很流利。
典例 1.(2024 福建龙岩高三模拟)Your article (read) very well, and I am totally attracted by it.
【解析】考查动词的时态和语态。句意:你的文章读起来很好,我完全被它吸引了。由 and 后的动词时态
可知用一般现在时;当表示主语内在“品质”或“性能”时,要用主动形式表示被动意义,故填 reads。
【答案】reads
典例 2. (2024 河南南阳高三模拟)China is a developing country that (belong) to the Third World.
【解析】考查主谓一致。句意:中国是一个属于第三世界的发展中国家。分析句子成分可知,这是一个由
that 引导的限制性定语从句,country 是先行词,that 在定语从句中充当主语成分,空格处需填谓语动词;结
合定语从句的主谓一致原则,即谓语动词与先行词保持人称和数的一致,再结合主句时态为一般现在时,
所以此空应填一般现在时的第三人称单数形式。故填 belongs。
【答案】belongs
变式训练 1.My new bedroom (measure)15ft by 12ft, which is big enough for me.
【解析】考查不及物动词和时态。句意:我的新卧室尺寸是 15 英尺乘 12 英尺,对我来说足够大了。 measure
可作不及物动词,表示“量度为……”,没有被动语态,表示客观事实用一般现在时,主语是单数,谓语动词
也用单数,故填 measures。
【答案】measures
变式训练 2.Whichever and whatever you like, there is an incredible theme park that will appeal you.
【解析】考查固定搭配。句意:无论你喜欢什么,总有一个令人难以置信的主题公园会吸引你。分析句子
可知,appeal to 为固定搭配,意为“吸引”,在定语从句中作谓语。故填 to。
【答案】to
知识点 3 情态动词
概述:情态动词本身有一定的意义,但也不能独立作谓语,只能和动词原形一起构成谓语,表示说话人的
态度或情感,如 can, could, shall, should, will, may, might, must。
典例 1.(2023 年天津卷 6 月)We _________bother with details, for our teammates will do everything in their
power to help us.
A.mustn’t B.daren’t C.needn’t D.can’t
【解析】考查情态动词。句意:我们不必为细节而烦恼,因为我们的队友会尽全力帮助我们。A. mustn’t 禁
止;B. daren’t 不敢;C. needn’t 不必;D. can’t 不能。根据“for our teammates will do everything in their power to
help us”可知,因为我们队友会全力帮助我们,所以我们不必为细节烦恼。故选 C。
【答案】C
典例 2.(2024 年新高考 I 卷听力第六段对话)W:Yeah, you cannot be too careful.
【解析】考查情态动词的特殊用法。can 的否定形式与 too 连用时,意为“再......也不为过分,越......越好”。
【译文】是的,你应该越小心越好。
思维建模:遇到情态动词的句子时,务必根据上下文具体语境迅速判断情态动词的具体意义或特殊句式中
的意思。
常用的情态动词有 can, could; may, might; must; should; need; dare; ought to 等。
(一)can/could 的用法
1、表示具备某种“能力”。can 表示现在;could 表示过去。如:
Can you swim across the river 你能游过那条河吗?
We couldn’t get the truck to start. 我们发动不了那辆卡车。
2、表示“请求”(疑问句中)、“允许”。Could 比 Can 委婉;都指现在。如:
Could you lend me $55 你能借给我 55 美圆吗?
Yes, of course. 当然可以。
No, I cannot/I’m sorry I cannot. 不,不行/对不起,恐怕不行。
3、表示“可能性”。 could 的语气更加不肯定。如
That can/could be very awkward. 那可就太尴尬了。
Can/Could it be true 那会/可能是真的。
That can’t/couldn’t be true. 那不可能是真的。
(二)may/might 的用法
1、表示允许或请求允许;might 语气更礼貌:
May I turn on the TV 我可以把电视打开吗?
She asked if she might have my bike. 她问是否可以借用我的自行车。
can/could 和 may/might 都可以表示允许和请求允许。can 最直截了当;could 礼貌客气;may 既尊重又婉转
礼貌;might 带者太多的虚礼,所以很少使用。如:
肯定回答:Yes, of course. Yes, you can/may.
否定回答:No, you can’t/may not /mustn’t /I’m afraid not.
2、表示可能性,“也许”。may 和 might 无时间差别,might 语气上更不肯定些。不用于疑问句,可用 can/could
或别的说法。
You may/might have some fever. 你也许发烧了。
Can/could they be having a bath 他们可能正在洗澡吗?
(三)must 的用法
1、表示义务、命令或劝告,是“必须”之意。否定回答,多用 needn’t 或 don’t have to。mustn’t 表示“绝对不
行、不可以”。
We must take this seriously. 我们必须严肃对待这事。
Must the ladies wear dresses No, they don’t have to/they needn’t.
Can/May I come in No, you can’t/mustn’t. 可以进来吗?不行/绝对不行。
2、表示推测,是“肯定、一定”之意。此时,must 只用于肯定句。在否定句或疑问句中,用 can/could:
There must be a mistake. 准是弄错了。
Can/Could there be a mistake 可能会有错吗?
There can’t/couldn’t be a mistake. 不可能会有错吗?
名师提醒:(1)表示对现在和将来状况的推测:must 一定,may 可能,might 也许,can’t 不可能。从“一
定”到“不可能”,可能性逐渐降低。
(2)对已经过去的情况的推测:情态动词+have +done。
(四)need:作为情态动词,一般只用于否定句和疑问句中。
You needn’t try to explain. 你不需要解释。(情态动词)
Need we stay here this evening 今晚我们需要在这儿住下来吗?(情态动词)
She needs to come tomorrow. 明天她需要来。(实义动词)
need 做实义动词时,后面的宾语如果是动名词,用主动形式表示被动意义,如果是不定式的被动形式,
来表示被动意义。类似 need 的这种用法,还有 require, want 等。
My shoes need repairing. = My shoes need to be repaired. 我的鞋需要修理。
(五)dare:情态动词 dare 表示“敢”,在现代英语中,dare 往往用做实意动词。
Dare he swim across the river 他敢游过这条河吗?
He dare not come to see me. 他不敢来见我。
He didn’t dare to go. 他不敢去。
(六)should/ought to 的用法
1、表示道义上的责任,义务或要求,有时表示劝告。ought to 否定式为 ought not to /oughtn’t to。
You ought to /should pay more attention to what your lawyer says.你应该更多的注意你律师的。
2. 表示推测和可能性,是“应该”之意。 表示对现在和将来的推测。
You ought not to/shouldn’t be sleeping now. It’s eight o’clock.你不该还在睡觉,已经八点了。
3、“should/ought to have+过去分词”表示对过去的推测,“应该已经”。有时表“本应该”的意思;“should not/ought
not to have+过去分词”表示“本不该”的意思。
He began two hours ago. He ought to have finished filling in the forms now.
两个钟头前他就开始了,现在应该填完那些表格了。
You should not have asked him for help. 你本不应该向他求助。
4、表示讲话人惊奇,失望,愤怒等感情:
It’s strange that he should have lost his temper. 真奇怪,他竟然发脾气。
(七)情态动词+have done
1、“must have+过去分词”表对过去的推测,“一定已经,准是已经….”,用于肯定句。表示否定,要用
“can’t/couldn’t+ have+过去分词”,意 思 是“不可能”.
The streets are wet. It must have rained. 街道是湿的,准是下雨了。 
The money can’t have been lost there. 钱不可能是在那儿丢的。
2、 “may/might have+过去分词”表示对过去的推测,“也许已经┅,可能已经…”。用于肯定或否定句中。疑
问句中用 can 或 could. “might(不是 may)have+过去分词”也表示“本来可以…”。
He may have gone to bed. 他可能已经上床睡觉了。
You might have succeeded if you had tried. 假如你尝试过,或许已经成功了。(虚拟语气)
3、“needn’t+ have+过去分词”表示“作了不必做或不需要做的事”。可译成“本不必”。
I needn’t have borrowed the money yesterday. 昨天我根本不需要借钱的。(实际上已经借了)
4、can/could have done 在疑问句、否定句中,表示怀疑和不可能,这时没有时间上的差别,只是 could 的语
气更弱一些:
Who can/could have taken them 谁会把它们拿走了呢?
He can’t/couldn’t have taken it home. 他不可能是带回家去了。
could have done(但不是 can)在肯定句中,表示“本来可以…;差点就要…”。
We could have started a little earlier. 我们其实可以更早一些动身的。
5、should/ought to have done 表示“过去应该做谋事却没有做”;“should not/ought not to have+过去分词”表示
“做了不应该做的事”。含有责备或遗憾的意思。
She should/ought to have gone there alone. 她本该一个人去那里的。(实际上不是) 
The boy shouldn’t have been playing the piano. 那孩子不应该一直在弹钢琴。
6、might, may, must 表示推测时的区别: may,might, must 可表示 推 测“可能”.根据表示可能性的大小,我
们把这三个词排列为:mightIt might rain tomorrow. (将来)明天可能下雨。
They might be watching TV now. (现在)他们可能正在看电视。
Jane might have visited the Summer Palace last year. (过去)去年珍妮可能去过颐和园。
He may have something important to do. (现在)他可能有更重要的事要做。
They may have been to Shanghai last summer. (过去)去年夏天他们可能去过上海。
There must be something wrong with him. (现在)他肯定出问题了。
He must have made a mistake. (过去)他一定是犯了个错误。
情态动词的重点和难点是:情态动词之间的区别;表示“推测”的表达方式;以及“情态动词+have+过去分词”
的含义。
知识点 4 助动词
概述:助动词没用词汇意义,不可单独作谓语,助动词可以协助主要动词构成时态或语态,疑问句或否定
句。如 do, does, did, have, has, had 等。
句中有动词原形用 do,does, did;无动词原形用 be;现在完成时用 have,has;过去完成时用 had。
知识点 1 动词+介词/副词
No. 1 动词+介词
这类动词短语相当于及物动词,其后必修有宾语,且介词与动词不能分开,宾语只能放在介词之后,如:
account for 解释,说明,占比 adjust to 调整,适应 all for 要求
add to 增加, break into 破门而入 ask for 索取,寻找
care about 关心,在乎 come across 偶然遇到 go for 努力获取
deal with 处理 get over 克服 hope for 希望,期待
get into 养成(习惯) rely on 依靠,依赖 pay for 偿还,赔偿
answer for 负责 provide for 供给 plan for 打算,为……计划
send for 派人去请 fall behind 落在......后面 laugh at 嘲笑
feel like 想要 refer to 提到,参考 stick to 坚持
No. 2 动词+away
throw away 扔掉 put away 把……收拾好 give away 捐赠,分发
carry away 运走 run away 潜逃,跑开 go away 走开
send for 派人去请 stay away 远离
【2021·全国乙卷·听力】From now on, you’re going to have to stay away from salty food.
从现在起,你不能吃咸的东西。
No. 3 动词+on
try on 试穿,试验 put on 穿上,上演 have on 穿着,戴着
pull on 穿,戴 hold on 不挂断,坚持,继续 carry on 继续开展,坚持
keep on 继续 go on 继续 get on 上(车)
focus/concentrate on 集中注意力于,关注;
【2021·新高考 I 卷·听力】They’re more focused on vocabulary.
他们更注重词汇。
No. 4 动词+over
come over 过来 hand over 移交 go over 仔细检查,复习
get over 克服,恢复 look over 检查 think over 仔细考虑
take over 接受,接管 hand over 移交 turn over 翻转
【2020·江苏卷·阅读理解】As darkness came over the field and the match ended, the goal keeper, Juan,
walked over to me and said in a matter of fact way, “In your home, do you have a moon too ”
夜幕降临赛场时,比赛结束,守门员胡安走到我身边,面不改色地问我:“你家也有月亮吗?”
No. 5 动词+up
bring up 抚育,培养 call up 召唤,打电话给 come up 走上前来,长出
cut up 切碎 fix up 修理 give up 放弃;go up 上升,增长
grow up 长大 look up 尊敬,向上看,查寻 make up 虚构,弥补,组成
put up 举起,搭建 set up 建立,创(纪录) pick up 捡起,(开车)接某人,偶然得到
send up 发射 show up 揭露,露面 turn up 出现,把……调高一点
No. 6 动词+out
come out 出来 go out 出去,熄灭 look out 留神,当心
walk out 走出 set out 出发,开始 put out 扑灭,生产
give out 发出,发表 hand out 分发 pick out 挑选
find out 找出,发现 speak out 大声地说 turn out 生产,结果是
get out 出去,离开 carry out 实行,执行 work out 计算出,解决,实行,行得通
bring out 出版 start out 出发,动身。
知识点 2 动词+名词
No. 6 动词+out
lose patience 失去耐心 lose heart 灰心 make a bet 打赌
make a face 做鬼脸 take effect 生效 take place 发生
take action/measures/steps 采取措施 give way 让步
lose weight 减肥 lead the way 领路 make a fortune 发财
take one’s time 慢慢来 take exercise 做锻炼 take turns 轮流
take advice 征求意见 make a difference 有影响
No. 2 动词+名词+介词
take care of 照顾 make fun of 取笑 take account of 考虑到
take part in 参加 make friends with 与……交朋友 find fault with 挑……的毛病
get rid of 摆脱 lose sight of 看不见 pay attention to 注意
make progress in 在……方面取得进步 make room for 为……腾出空间
make contributions to 对……作出贡献 play a part in 起作用
put an end to 结束 take advantage of 利用 take notice of 注意到
take pride in 以......为豪 catch sight of 看到 find fault with......挑......的毛病
No. 3 动词+介词+名词
Point1 动词后需跟宾语类的短语有:
bring.. to an end 使……结束 bring... under control 使……在掌控下
keep/have... in mind 记住…… put... into effect 使……生效
learn... by heart 记住……
Point2 动词后不带宾语类的短语有:
burst into tears 突 然 大 哭 起 来 come into being 产 生 come to power 执 政
come into use 开始被使用 come into effect 生效 put on weight 长胖
知识点 3 高频动词短语之核心动词
1. believe 词组 20. give 词组 39. refer 词组
2. blow 词组 21. go 词组 40. ring 词组
3. break 词组 22. have 词组 41. see 词组
4. bring 词组 23. hold 词组 42. sell 词组
5. build 词组 24. keep 词组 43. send 词组
6. burst 词组 25. knock 词组 44. set 词组
7. call 词组 26. lay 词组 45. shut 词组
8. catch 词组 27. leave 词组 46. stick 词组
9. carry 词组 28. look 词组 47. suit 词组
10. check 词组 29. make 词组 48. stand 词组
11. clear 词组 30. meet 词组 49. take 词组
12. come 词组 31. open 词组 50. think 词组
13. cross 词组 32. owe 词组 51. tear 词组
14. cut 词组 33. pass 词组 52. throw 词组
15. do 词组 34. pay 词组 53. try 词组
16. drive 词组 35. pick 词组 54. trust 词组
17. fall 词组 36. pull 词组 55. turn 词组
18. fix 词组 37. push 词组
19. get 词组 38. put 词组
更多高考高频短语详情见本专辑词汇部分《第 05 讲完形填空高频短语分类速记+
完形填空高频词分类背诵+检测》和本专辑词汇部分《第 01 讲~03 讲 必修一~
选择性必须四词汇部分》。
典例 1.(2024·天津·二模)The old man told his friends he had to leave immediately because he had some urgent
business to ______.
A.point to B.turn to C.attend to D.belong to
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意:老人告诉他的朋友他必须立即离开,因为他有一些紧急的事情要处理。
A. point to 指向;B. turn to 转向;C. attend to 处理;D. belong to 属于。根据“The old man told his friends he had
to leave immediately”可知,老人有紧急的事情要处理。故选 C。
【答案】C
典例 2.(2024·山东·三模)—Tom, may I use your pen to ______ the application form
—Sure. Here you are.
A.fill out B.pay for C.fall down D.come out
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意:——汤姆,我可以用你的钢笔填写申请表吗?——当然给你。A. fill out
填写;B. pay for 支付;C. fall down 跌倒;D. come out 出来。根据前文 use your pen 可知,此处指“填写申请
表”。故选 A。
【答案】A
变式训练 1. Jenny, who has never failed to ______ her parents’ expectations, decides to study abroad after
graduating from college.
A.look up to B.come up with C.live up to D.put up with
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意:珍妮从来没有辜负过父母的期望,她决定大学毕业后出国留学。A. look
up to 尊敬,敬仰;B. come up with 想出,提出; C. live up to 实现,达到,不辜负; D. put up with 容忍。
根据宾语 expectations 可知,固定短语 live up to one’s expectations 意为“不辜负某人的期望”符合语境。故选 C
项。
【答案】C
变式训练 2. With the new machine, they no longer have to ________ large number of temporary workers to do the
harvesting.
A.take up B.take in C.take on D.take after
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意:有了新机器,他们不再需要雇用大量的临时工来收割。A. take up 占据;
B. take in 吸收;C. take on 雇佣;D. take after 与……相像。根据句意可知,此处为动词短语 take on“雇佣”,
满足句意要求。故选 C 项。
【答案】C
一、 真题实战
1.(2024 年全国甲卷完形填空) Born just before WWII, my grandmother ____23____ an entirely different
childhood lifestyle from mine. She did not have a chance to go to _school_. Like in typical families, where boys
were ____25____ much more than girls, my grandma had to stay at home to do _housework_. The only opportunity
(机会 ) she could seize to ____27____ was when her brother was having Chinese __lessons___ with the family
tutor. She would sit quietly at the far end of the long dinner table, listening ___closely___.
.....
This is something I ____33____ — her ability to open her _hands __ underwater and still sit comfortably on
the seabed.
...
My childhood is quite _happy___ compared with hers. I am _grateful__ that I did not need to ____37____ the
hardships like she did. I've never faced the problem of _education__. I guess our different childhood background is
what makes my grandmother such an amazing person to ____39____ to: her stories always make my history
textbooks ____40____.
23. A. adjusted B. promoted C. achieved D. experienced
25. A. favored B. tolerated C. trusted D. acknowledged
27. A. exercise B. study C. explore D. teach
33. A. admire B. notice C. adopt D. value
37. A. reflect upon B. go through C. ask about D. prepare for
39. A. attend B. refer C. lead D. talk
40. A. come true B. come round C. come out D. come alive
【答案】 23. D 25. A 27. B 33.A 37. B 39.D 40.D
【解析】23.考查动词词义辨析。句意:我的祖母出生在二战前夕,她的童年生活方式与我的完全不同。A.
adjusted调整;B. promoted促进;C. achieved完成;D. experienced经历。根据下文“an entirely different childhood
lifestyle from mine”可推知,此处指祖母经历的童年与作者的不同。故选 D。
25.考查动词词义辨析。句意:就像典型的重男轻女的家庭一样,我奶奶不得不呆在家里做家务。A. favored
赞成;B. tolerated 容忍;C. trusted 信任;D. acknowledged 承认。根据上文“She did not have a chance to go to
school. Like in typical families”并结合语境可推知,此处指作者祖母生活的年代是重男轻女的,所以祖母才不
被允许上学。故选 A。
27.考查动词词义辨析。句意:她唯一能抓住的学习机会是当她的哥哥和家庭教师一起上语文课的时候。A.
exercise 锻炼;B. study 学习;C. explore 探索;D. teach 教学。根据上文“She did not have a chance to go to
school.”以及下文“with the family tutor”可推知,此处指祖母不被允许上学,自己找机会学习。故选 B。
33.考查动词词义辨析。句意:我很钦佩她在水下张开嘴,还能舒服地坐在海底的能力。A. admire 钦佩;B.
notice 注意到;C.adopt 采纳;D. value 重视。根据下文“her ability to open her ______ underwater and still sit
comfortably on the seabed”可推知,此处指作者佩服祖母在水里的能力。故选 A。
37.考查动词短语辨析。句意:我很感激我不需要像她那样经历磨难。A. reflect upon 思考;B. go through 经
历;C. ask about询问;D. prepare for准备。根据上文“I am grateful that I did not need”以及下文“the hardships like
she did”可推知,此处指作者感激自己不需要经历祖母经历过的那些磨难。故选 B。
39.考查动词词义辨析。句意:我想是我们不同的童年背景让我的祖母成为了一个交谈时令人惊叹的人:她
的故事总是让我的历史教科书鲜活起来。A. attend 出席;B. refer 参考;C. lead 领导;D. talk 对话、讨论。
结合上文祖母给作者讲故事,再根据上文“makes my grandmother such an amazing person”可推知,此处指祖
母的经历使祖母成为了一个交谈时令人惊叹的人。talk to“与某人交谈”。故选 D。
40.考查动词词义辨析。句意:我想是我们不同的童年背景让我的祖母成为了一个交谈时令人惊叹的人:她
的故事总是让我的历史教科书鲜活起来。A. come true 成真;B. come round 苏醒;C. come out 出现;D. come
alive 变得生动。根据上文“I guess our different childhood background is what makes my grandmother such an
amazing person to talk to: her stories always make my history textbooks”可推知,此处指作者祖母的经历和故事
丰富了作者的人生,使历史书上的故事变得生动鲜活,跃然纸上。故选 D。
2.(2024 年新高考 II 卷完形填空)During my first visit to Italy, I ___22___ to ask for directions or order in a
restaurant. But every time I tried to ___23___ a sentence of Italian together, the locals smiled at me and ___24___
my language skills. That encouragement helped me to get through the language __barrier_. After I made Italy my
permanent home, I discovered how _warm-hearted__ Italians are. Neighbors will bring me freshly made cheese and
will come to my door to ___27___ me to close the window in my car when rain is coming. It's these small __acts__
of kindness that make a new country feel like home.
As a foodie, the way to my heart is through my stomach, and nowhere fuels my __ appetite_ quite like Italy.
Each town has its own traditional ___dish___, and every family keeps a recipe passed from one generation to
another. Families ____31____ for big meals on Sundays, birthdays, and whatever other excuses they can
____32____. These meals are always ____33____ by laughter and joy. Whatever __disadvantages__ life in Italy
might have, the problems are ____35____ once you sit down to a big meal with friends and family.
22. A. planned B. struggled C. refused D. happened
23. A. string B. hang C. mix D. match
24. A. improved B. assessed C. admired D. praised
27. A. remind B. allow C. persuade D. order
31. A. gather B. cheer C. leave D. wait
32. A. put up with B. stand up for C. come up with D. make up for
33. A. signaled B. confirmed C. represented D. accompanied
35. A. created B. forgotten C. understood D. identified
【答案】 22. B 23. A 24. D 27. A 30. B 31. A 32. C 33. D 35. B
【解析】22.考查动词词义辨析,句意:在我第一次访问意大利时,我很难问路或在餐馆点餐。A. planned 计
划;B. struggled 斗争、吃力地进行;C. refused 拒绝;D. happened 出现、发生。根据上文“During my first visit
to Italy”可推知,此处指作者第一次到意大利,语言不通,很难沟通交流。故选 B。
23.考查动词词义辨析,句意:我试着把一个意大利语句子串在一起,当地人对我微笑,称赞我的语言技能。
A. string 串起、连成一串;B. hang 悬挂;C. mix 混合;D. match 配对。根据下文“a sentence of Italian
together”可推知,此处指作者努力想用意大利语串成一句话。故选 A。
24.考查动词词义辨析,句意:我试着把一个意大利语句子串在一起,当地人对我微笑,称赞我的语言技能。
A. improved 改进;B. assessed 评估;C. admired 钦佩;D. praised 赞扬。根据上文“the locals smiled at me”以
及下文“That encouragement”可推知,此处指作者尝试说意大利语,当地人赞扬作者的语言能力。故选 D。
27.考查动词词义辨析,句意:邻居们会给我带来新鲜的奶酪,还会在下雨的时候来我家门前提醒我关上车
窗。A. remind 提醒;B. allow 允许;C. persuade 说服;D. order 命令。根据上文“I discovered how warm-hearted
Italians are”以及下文“will come to my door”可推知,此处指热心的邻居在下雨的时候来作者家门前提醒他关
上车窗。故选 A。
31.考查动词词义辨析,句意:一家人在星期天、生日以及他们能想出的任何其他借口聚在一起吃大餐。A.
gather 集合;B. cheer 欢呼;C. leave 留下;D. wait 等待。根据上文“Families”以及下文“with friends and
family”可推知,此处指一家人聚集在一起吃饭。故选 A。
32.考查动词短语辨析,句意:一家人在星期天、生日以及他们能想出的任何其他借口聚在一起吃大餐。A. put
up with 克服;B. stand up for 支持;C. come up with 想出;D. make up for 弥补。根据上文“whatever other excuses
they can”可推知,此处指家人们为了聚在一起吃饭而想出的理由。故选 C。
33.考查动词词义辨析,句意:这些饭菜总是伴随着笑声和喜悦。A. signaled 示意;B. confirmed 确认;C.
represented 代表;D. accompanied 伴随。根据下文“by laughter and joy”可推知,此处指家人们在一起用餐时
伴随着欢声笑语。固定搭配“accompany by”译为“伴随”。故选 D。
35.考查动词词义辨析,句意:无论意大利的生活有什么缺点,一旦你和朋友和家人坐下来吃顿大餐,这些
问题就会被遗忘。A. created 创建;B. forgotten 忘记;C. understood 理解;D. identified 确认。根据上文“Whatever
disadvantages life in Italy might have, the problems”以及下文“once you sit down to a big meal with friends and
family”可推知,此处指无论在意大利的生活有什么不如意之处,跟家人们吃一顿饭就会忘记不愉快。故选
B。
二、 命题演练
1.I need to find some proper ways to ______ the stress in my life.
A.compare with B.consist of C.back down D.cope with
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意:我需要找到一些适当的方法来应对我生活中的压力。A. compare with
比较;B. consist of 由……组成 C. back down 退让;D. cope with 对付。根据上文的“some proper ways”和下
文的“the stress in my life”可知应对生活压力的方法,故选 D。
2.The new policy is expected to __________ reducing traffic jam in the city.
A.figure out B.contribute to C.relate to D.account for
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意:这项新政策有望有助于减少城市的交通堵塞。A. figure out 解决,弄懂;
B. contribute to 有助于;C. relate to 与……有关;D. account for 说明。根据主语“The new policy”以及空后的
“reducing traffic jam in the city”可知,此处指“这项新政策有望有助于减少城市的交通堵塞”,故选 B。
3.Currently, many working women _______ relatives to help take care of their children.
A.tell of B.consist of C.rely on D.switch on
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意:目前,许多职业妇女依靠亲戚帮忙照看孩子。A. tell of 讲述;B. consist
of 由……组成;C. rely on 依靠;D. switch on 打开。根据后文“relatives to help take care of their children”可知,
应是“依靠亲戚帮忙照看孩子”符合语境。故选 C 项。
4.It’s impolite for anyone else to ________ when someone is talking.
A.cut up B.cut in C.cut off D.cut down
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意:别人说话时打断是不礼貌的。A. cut up 切碎;B. cut in 打断(谈话),插
嘴;C. cut off 切除;D. cut down 裁短;减少。根据下文“when someone is talking”可知是打断别人说话是不
礼貌的,故选 B。
5.To our surprise, crowds of people ______ to watch the charity performance.
A.turned out B.turned down C.broke out D.broke down
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意:令我们吃惊的是,成群的人出来观看慈善演出。A. turned out 参加,结
果是;B. turned down 拒绝;C. broke out 爆发;D. broke down 出故障。根据后文“watch the charity
performance”指成群的人出来观看慈善演出。故选 A。
6.I think Helen Keller is a good writer. She met many difficulties in her life but she never ______.
A.gave up B.went out C.sat down D.ran around
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意:我认为海伦·凯勒是个好作家。她在生活中遇到了许多困难,但她
从未放弃。A. gave up 放弃;B. went out 出去;熄灭;C. sat down 坐下;D. ran around 环绕。根据“She met many
difficulties in her life”可知,海伦·凯勒从未放弃生活中遇到的困难。故选 A。
7.The manager __________ meeting with the team to discuss the new project proposal.
A.belonged to B.insisted on C.judged from D.figured out
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意:经理坚持要和团队开会讨论新的项目建议。A. belonged to 属于;
B. insisted on 坚持;C. judged from 根据……判断;D. figured out 弄清楚。根据下文“discuss the new project
proposal.”可知,经理坚持要和团队开会讨论新的项目建议。故选 B 项。
8.Even though the project faced many challenges, we decided to________ and complete it successfully.
A.carry out B.carry away C.carry on D.carry over
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意:尽管这个项目面临许多挑战,我们还是决定继续下去,并成功地
完成它。A.carry out 实施;B. carry away 拿走;C.carry on 继续做,坚持干;D. carry over 使持续下去。根据
下文“complete it successfully”可知,我们还是决定继续下去,并成功地完成它。故选 C 项。
9.The temptation for a declining church to ______ old privileges is strong.
A.hang on to B.settle for C.pass up D.sign for
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意:对于一个衰落的教会来说,紧紧抓住旧特权不放的诱惑是强大的。A.hang
on to 紧紧抓住;B.settle for 勉强接受;C.pass up 错过;D.sign for 签收。由下文的 old privileges 可知,表示:
紧紧抓住旧特权,故选 A。
10.When we ______ the data further, we can identify specific trends and patterns that may not be evident at first
glance.
A.break up B.break out C.break through D.break down
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意:当我们进一步分解数据时,我们可以识别出第一眼可能不明显的特定
趋势和模式。A. break up 分裂,分手;B. break out 爆发;C. break through 突破;D. break down 分解。结合
语境可知,空格处应表达“分解”数据以便深入分析,故用 break down。故选 D。第 05 讲 动词和动词短语
目录
01 考情透视·目标导航 ..........................................................................................................................2
02 知识导图·思维引航 ..........................................................................................................................3
03 考点突破·考法探究 ..........................................................................................................................4
【基础详单】
知识点 动词概述、命题及解题方向 ........................................................................................4
考点一 动词
知识点 1 系动词 ......................................................................................................................4
知识点 2 实义动词 ....................................................................................................................5
知识点 3 情态动词 ....................................................................................................................6
知识点4 助动词 ......................................................................................................................9
考点二 动词短语
知识点 1 动词+介词/副词.....................................................................................................
10
知识点 2 动词+名词 ...............................................................................................................11
知识点 3 高频动词动词短语 .................................................................................................
12
04 真题练习·命题洞现
1.真题实战...................................................................................................................................13
2.命题演练 ...............................................................................................................................14
年份 卷别 动词和动词短语(2022-2024) 命题趋势
新高考 I 卷 won 赢得;training 训练;hated 讨厌; turned to 转向;dreamed 梦想; 分 析 近 年
borrowed 借; passed 超过;matured 成熟; (7+1) 高考试卷可知,
approached 靠近; attended 参加,上(学);building 修建;quote 引用; 高考对动词和
2024 新高考 II 卷 recall 记起;rely on 依靠;showed 展示;traveling 旅行;engage 参与 动词短语的考
(7+1) 查一直是高考
struggled 斗争、奋斗;string 串起;praised 赞扬; remind 提醒;gather 试题的重点和
浙江卷 1 月 集合;come up with 想出;accompanied 伴随;forgotten 忘记;(7+1) 难点。其广泛分
布在试卷的所
全国甲卷 experienced 经历; tolerated 容忍;study 学习;admire 钦佩;
有提醒中,不同
go through 经历;talk 对话、讨论;come alive 变生动;(7+1)
题型各有侧重
新高考 I 卷 finished 完成; stopped 停止;bent down 弯腰; assessed 评估;leave 离 点。
开;(4+1) 听力:中侧重其
happened碰巧;offered提供; pick up接载; work out解决;load装载; call 动词及情态动
新高考 II 卷 打电话;flew 飞;(5+2) 词的语音语调、
stayed 暂住; making 使;让; bring 带来; tried 尝试;look 看起 词义辨析、时态
全国甲卷 来;pack 包装;grown 成长;given 给;(6+1) 和句式的灵活
knew , ; led ; took ;shine pack up 运用;知道了解 带领;领先 需要 照耀;发光;
阅读理解:侧重
整理;收拾行李;ride 骑;漂浮;went off 离开;train 培训;helped 帮
全国乙卷 助;defeated 打败;transformed winning 动词词义、熟词转换;改造;改变; 赢得;
led 带领;领先; took 需要; shine 照耀;发光(14+1 生义以及动词)
在长难句中的
2023 chat 闲聊; write 写;learning 学习;flying by 飞越;飞逝;complaining 灵活运用;
北京卷 抱怨; tell 告诉;看出,判断出;区分;(5+1) 完形填空:侧重
witness 见证;目睹;followed 跟随;gathered 聚集、采集; lit 点燃; 考查词义辨析
浙江卷 1 月 点亮;climbing 攀爬;inched 缓慢移动;slid down 滑下; hatching 和熟词生义;
孵化;(6+1) 语法填空:考查
新高考 I 卷 camped 露营;worked 起作用;headed off 启程,出发;interrupted 中 谓语和非谓语
断;start 启动;(4+1) 辨析为主,
新高考 II 卷 plan 计划; please 取悦; staying 停留;sending 发送;(4) 书面表达:考查
对动词词形和
全国甲卷 learned 了解到;worried 担心;. walked 牵着(动物)走; continued
用法的熟练掌
继续;suggested 建议,推荐;respected 尊重; caring 照顾;need 需
握。
要;
复习目标
全国乙卷 escaping 避开;; interpreted 解释 escaping 避开;interpreted 解释; 1. 掌握动词的
contradicted 相矛盾;see 看见;speak 说;comprehended 理解; insist 基本用法;
on 坚持;(8+1) 2. 掌握以动词
为核心的固定
go through 经历;compromise 使陷入危险、妥协;include 包括;expect
浙江卷 1 月 期待、预期; understand 理解;add 补充说;(4+1) 短语;
love 爱; as if 好像;afford 支付得起; introduce 介绍;believe 相信; 3. 掌握常考不
浙江卷 6 月 C. develop 发展,培养;follow 跟随;giving 给;(7+1) 及物动词和系
北京卷 spotted 看见、注意到; recover 恢复、康复;arrive 到达;show up 动词;
露面,出现;(4)
【基础详单】
知识点 动词概述
动词在英语中分为四大类,分别是实义动词(句子中表示动作的词如 eat, )、系动词(链接前后的作用如,
be, keep,become 等)、情态动词(表示说话人的语气和态度,如 must, can, may, should 等。)和助动词(帮
助实义动词构成疑问句、否定句和各种时态 do, have)。
命题方向:
阅读理解:考查动词或短语的词义辨析及熟词生义,如【2022·全国乙卷】hit home to 切中要害,深刻
理解;
完形填空:主要考查在特定语境中动词和动词短语的熟词生义和词义辨析。动词词义辨析题主要考查
结合语境区分动词词义的能力,在平时的学习中应当掌握常用动词的基本意义,注意一词多义和熟词生义;
养成推敲句子的含义以及对语境理解的习惯。
语法填空: 考查动词作谓语和非谓语的用法,动词和其它词的搭配,如【2024·新高考【I stay closed
在语篇型填空中,给出动词,要求考生在设空出填出与之搭配的介词或者副词。预计 2025 年的高考动词和
动词短语考查语境复杂化和综合化的特点。
解题方向:1.长难句中首先考虑找到谓语,提炼句子的主干;
2.解决熟词生义时务必瞻前顾后,根据上下文进行合理推断;
3. 掌握谓语的考点和解题策略;
4. 掌握非谓语的考点和解题策略;
5. 在复杂语境中根据前后文进行词类转换。
考点一 动词
知识点 1 系动词
概述:系动词又叫连系动词,像一根纽带,起到联系主语和表语的作用。
表示状态:be(am, is, are)
表示感官:feel 摸起来,look 看起来,smell 闻起来,sound 听起来,taste 尝起来
表示变化:become 变得,go 变得,run 变得,fall 变得,grow 逐渐变得,turn 变得
表示终止:prove 证实,turn out 变成
表示持续:keep 保持,stay 保持,remain 保持不变,stand 处于
【浙江卷阅读理解】Of course, our brains can decline as we grow older for lots of reasons including other
environmental influences or genetic factors.(系动词)
当然,随着年龄的增长,我们的大脑会出于很多原因而衰退,包括环境影响和遗传因素等。
【新课标 I 卷 II 卷】 In Asia, messaging platforms are growing rapidly, with users in the hundreds of millions,
both at work and play.(实义动词)
在亚洲,信息收发平台快速发展,数百万的用户使用这些平台进行工作或娱乐。
易错提醒:1.有些单词一词多义,在作系动词时,要跟形容词作表语;但同一词形如果作实义动词用,意思
变化,且用副词修饰。2.系动词有时态的变化,不能用于被动语态。
典例 1. (2024 年新高考 I 卷)These sepals open on warm days to give the inside plants sunshine and fresh air. In
cold weather, the structure stays ________ (close) to protect the plants.
思维建模:根据句子结构判断 stay 的词性,根据逻辑意思判断其用法,再根据设空单词的用法解题。
典例 2. (2024 年湖南高三模拟试卷)The water (feel) cool when I jumped into the pool for morning
exercise.
变式训练 1.It had white-painted tunnels and bright red carriages, and (prove)extremely popular with the
public.
变式训练 2.The young man performed as if he (be) a woman on the stage. (所给词的适当形式填空)
知识点 2 实义动词
概述:实义动词又叫行为动词,表示动作的动词,有实在的意义,如 eat, run, think 等。实义动词是具有完
整意义,可以单独作谓语,主要表示主语的动作、状态和品质。根据其在句子中是否需要跟宾语,分为及
物动词和不及物动词。
常见的不及物动词有:
agree 同意 arrive 到达 come 来
die 死 exist 存在 fall 掉下
spread 传开 happen 发生 lie 平躺
stay 待 walk 走 rise 升起
remain 剩下 consist 由......组成 go 去
lie 位于,在于 laugh 大笑 snow 下雪
live 居住 think 想 hope 希望
名师提醒:1.不及物动词不能直接跟宾语,需要加上相应的介词才能跟宾语,不及物动词不能用于被动语态。
如 talk to /with sb(与某人交谈),think about sth(思考某事), hope for sth.(希望某事),dream of sth.(梦
想某事)。2.有些动词可以跟同源宾语如,dream a good/bad dream; live a comfortable life 过着舒适的生活。
3.有些动词表达动作事实是及物动词,如 sell, lock, wash, write, spread; 表示性质特点时为不及物动词。
例1. The books have been sold out.(vt.)这些书已经卖完了。
例2. The book sells well.(vi.)这本书很畅销。
例3. You don’t have to write these things in detail. (vt.)你不必详细地写这些东西。【2021·新高考 II】
例4. The pen writes smoothly. (vi.)这支笔写起来很流利。
典例 1.(2024 福建龙岩高三模拟)Your article (read) very well, and I am totally attracted by it.
典例 2. (2024 河南南阳高三模拟)China is a developing country that (belong) to the Third World.
变式训练 1.My new bedroom (measure)15ft by 12ft, which is big enough for me.
变式训练 2.Whichever and whatever you like, there is an incredible theme park that will appeal you.
知识点 3 情态动词
概述:情态动词本身有一定的意义,但也不能独立作谓语,只能和动词原形一起构成谓语,表示说话人的
态度或情感,如 can, could, shall, should, will, may, might, must。
典例 1.(2023 年天津卷 6 月)We _________bother with details, for our teammates will do everything in their
power to help us.
A.mustn’t B.daren’t C.needn’t D.can’t
典例 2.(2024 年新高考 I 卷听力第六段对话)W:Yeah, you cannot be too careful.
常用的情态动词有 can, could; may, might; must; should; need; dare; ought to 等。
(一)can/could 的用法
1、表示具备某种“能力”。can 表示现在;could 表示过去。如:
Can you swim across the river 你能游过那条河吗?
We couldn’t get the truck to start. 我们发动不了那辆卡车。
2、表示“请求”(疑问句中)、“允许”。Could 比 Can 委婉;都指现在。如:
Could you lend me $55 你能借给我 55 美圆吗?
Yes, of course. 当然可以。
No, I cannot/I’m sorry I cannot. 不,不行/对不起,恐怕不行。
3、表示“可能性”。 could 的语气更加不肯定。如
That can/could be very awkward. 那可就太尴尬了。
Can/Could it be true 那会/可能是真的。
That can’t/couldn’t be true. 那不可能是真的。
(二)may/might 的用法
1、表示允许或请求允许;might 语气更礼貌:
May I turn on the TV 我可以把电视打开吗?
She asked if she might have my bike. 她问是否可以借用我的自行车。
can/could 和 may/might 都可以表示允许和请求允许。can 最直截了当;could 礼貌客气;may 既尊重又婉转
礼貌;might 带者太多的虚礼,所以很少使用。如:
肯定回答:Yes, of course. Yes, you can/may.
否定回答:No, you can’t/may not /mustn’t /I’m afraid not.
2、表示可能性,“也许”。may 和 might 无时间差别,might 语气上更不肯定些。不用于疑问句,可用 can/could
或别的说法。
You may/might have some fever. 你也许发烧了。
Can/could they be having a bath 他们可能正在洗澡吗?
(三)must 的用法
1、表示义务、命令或劝告,是“必须”之意。否定回答,多用 needn’t 或 don’t have to。mustn’t 表示“绝对不
行、不可以”。
We must take this seriously. 我们必须严肃对待这事。
Must the ladies wear dresses No, they don’t have to/they needn’t.
Can/May I come in No, you can’t/mustn’t. 可以进来吗?不行/绝对不行。
2、表示推测,是“肯定、一定”之意。此时,must 只用于肯定句。在否定句或疑问句中,用 can/could:
There must be a mistake. 准是弄错了。
Can/Could there be a mistake 可能会有错吗?
There can’t/couldn’t be a mistake. 不可能会有错吗?
名师提醒:(1)表示对现在和将来状况的推测:must 一定,may 可能,might 也许,can’t 不可能。从“一
定”到“不可能”,可能性逐渐降低。
(2)对已经过去的情况的推测:情态动词+have +done。
(四)need:作为情态动词,一般只用于否定句和疑问句中。
You needn’t try to explain. 你不需要解释。(情态动词)
Need we stay here this evening 今晚我们需要在这儿住下来吗?(情态动词)
She needs to come tomorrow. 明天她需要来。(实义动词)
need 做实义动词时,后面的宾语如果是动名词,用主动形式表示被动意义,如果是不定式的被动形式,
来表示被动意义。类似 need 的这种用法,还有 require, want 等。
My shoes need repairing. = My shoes need to be repaired. 我的鞋需要修理。
(五)dare:情态动词 dare 表示“敢”,在现代英语中,dare 往往用做实意动词。
Dare he swim across the river 他敢游过这条河吗?
He dare not come to see me. 他不敢来见我。
He didn’t dare to go. 他不敢去。
(六)should/ought to 的用法
1、表示道义上的责任,义务或要求,有时表示劝告。ought to 否定式为 ought not to /oughtn’t to。
You ought to /should pay more attention to what your lawyer says.你应该更多的注意你律师的。
2. 表示推测和可能性,是“应该”之意。 表示对现在和将来的推测。
You ought not to/shouldn’t be sleeping now. It’s eight o’clock.你不该还在睡觉,已经八点了。
3、“should/ought to have+过去分词”表示对过去的推测,“应该已经”。有时表“本应该”的意思;“should not/ought
not to have+过去分词”表示“本不该”的意思。
He began two hours ago. He ought to have finished filling in the forms now.
两个钟头前他就开始了,现在应该填完那些表格了。
You should not have asked him for help. 你本不应该向他求助。
4、表示讲话人惊奇,失望,愤怒等感情:
It’s strange that he should have lost his temper. 真奇怪,他竟然发脾气。
(七)情态动词+have done
1、“must have+过去分词”表对过去的推测,“一定已经,准是已经….”,用于肯定句。表示否定,要用
“can’t/couldn’t+ have+过去分词”,意 思 是“不可能”.
The streets are wet. It must have rained. 街道是湿的,准是下雨了。 
The money can’t have been lost there. 钱不可能是在那儿丢的。
2、 “may/might have+过去分词”表示对过去的推测,“也许已经┅,可能已经…”。用于肯定或否定句中。疑
问句中用 can 或 could. “might(不是 may)have+过去分词”也表示“本来可以…”。
He may have gone to bed. 他可能已经上床睡觉了。
You might have succeeded if you had tried. 假如你尝试过,或许已经成功了。(虚拟语气)
3、“needn’t+ have+过去分词”表示“作了不必做或不需要做的事”。可译成“本不必”。
I needn’t have borrowed the money yesterday. 昨天我根本不需要借钱的。(实际上已经借了)
4、can/could have done 在疑问句、否定句中,表示怀疑和不可能,这时没有时间上的差别,只是 could 的语
气更弱一些:
Who can/could have taken them 谁会把它们拿走了呢?
He can’t/couldn’t have taken it home. 他不可能是带回家去了。
could have done(但不是 can)在肯定句中,表示“本来可以…;差点就要…”。
We could have started a little earlier. 我们其实可以更早一些动身的。
5、should/ought to have done 表示“过去应该做谋事却没有做”;“should not/ought not to have+过去分词”表示
“做了不应该做的事”。含有责备或遗憾的意思。
She should/ought to have gone there alone. 她本该一个人去那里的。(实际上不是) 
The boy shouldn’t have been playing the piano. 那孩子不应该一直在弹钢琴。
6、might, may, must 表示推测时的区别: may,might, must 可表示 推 测“可能”.根据表示可能性的大小,我
们把这三个词排列为:mightIt might rain tomorrow. (将来)明天可能下雨。
They might be watching TV now. (现在)他们可能正在看电视。
Jane might have visited the Summer Palace last year. (过去)去年珍妮可能去过颐和园。
He may have something important to do. (现在)他可能有更重要的事要做。
They may have been to Shanghai last summer. (过去)去年夏天他们可能去过上海。
There must be something wrong with him. (现在)他肯定出问题了。
He must have made a mistake. (过去)他一定是犯了个错误。
情态动词的重点和难点是:情态动词之间的区别;表示“推测”的表达方式;以及“情态动词+have+过去分词”
的含义。
知识点 4 助动词
概述:助动词没用词汇意义,不可单独作谓语,助动词可以协助主要动词构成时态或语态,疑问句或否定
句。如 do, does, did, have, has, had 等。
句中有动词原形用 do,does, did;无动词原形用 be;现在完成时用 have,has;过去完成时用 had。
考点二 动词短语
知识点 动词短语概述
使用频率较高的动词有:break, bring, call, cut, come, go, get, have, keep, look, put, set, turn, pay, pick, make;
使用频率较高的介词或副词:away, for, in, off, out, on, over, up 等。
知识点 1 动词+介词/副词
No. 1 动词+介词
这类动词短语相当于及物动词,其后必修有宾语,且介词与动词不能分开,宾语只能放在介词之后,如:
account for 解释,说明,占比 adjust to 调整,适应 all for 要求
add to 增加, break into 破门而入 ask for 索取,寻找
care about 关心,在乎 come across 偶然遇到 go for 努力获取
deal with 处理 get over 克服 hope for 希望,期待
get into 养成(习惯) rely on 依靠,依赖 pay for 偿还,赔偿
answer for 负责 provide for 供给 plan for 打算,为……计划
send for 派人去请 fall behind 落在......后面 laugh at 嘲笑
feel like 想要 refer to 提到,参考 stick to 坚持
No. 2 动词+away
throw away 扔掉 put away 把……收拾好 give away 捐赠,分发
carry away 运走 run away 潜逃,跑开 go away 走开
send for 派人去请 stay away 远离
【2021·全国乙卷·听力】From now on, you’re going to have to stay away from salty food.
从现在起,你不能吃咸的东西。
No. 3 动词+on
try on 试穿,试验 put on 穿上,上演 have on 穿着,戴着
pull on 穿,戴 hold on 不挂断,坚持,继续 carry on 继续开展,坚持
keep on 继续 go on 继续 get on 上(车)
focus/concentrate on 集中注意力于,关注;
【2021·新高考 I 卷·听力】They’re more focused on vocabulary.
他们更注重词汇。
No. 4 动词+over
come over 过来 hand over 移交 go over 仔细检查,复习
get over 克服,恢复 look over 检查 think over 仔细考虑
take over 接受,接管 hand over 移交 turn over 翻转
【2020·江苏卷·阅读理解】As darkness came over the field and the match ended, the goal keeper, Juan,
walked over to me and said in a matter of fact way, “In your home, do you have a moon too ”
夜幕降临赛场时,比赛结束,守门员胡安走到我身边,面不改色地问我:“你家也有月亮吗?”
No. 5 动词+up
bring up 抚育,培养 call up 召唤,打电话给 come up 走上前来,长出
cut up 切碎 fix up 修理 give up 放弃;go up 上升,增长
grow up 长大 look up 尊敬,向上看,查寻 make up 虚构,弥补,组成
put up 举起,搭建 set up 建立,创(纪录) pick up 捡起,(开车)接某人,偶然得到
send up 发射 show up 揭露,露面 turn up 出现,把……调高一点
No. 6 动词+out
come out 出来 go out 出去,熄灭 look out 留神,当心
walk out 走出 set out 出发,开始 put out 扑灭,生产
give out 发出,发表 hand out 分发 pick out 挑选
find out 找出,发现 speak out 大声地说 turn out 生产,结果是
get out 出去,离开 carry out 实行,执行 work out 计算出,解决,实行,行得通
bring out 出版 start out 出发,动身。
知识点 2 动词+名词
No. 6 动词+out
lose patience 失去耐心 lose heart 灰心 make a bet 打赌
make a face 做鬼脸 take effect 生效 take place 发生
take action/measures/steps 采取措施 give way 让步
lose weight 减肥 lead the way 领路 make a fortune 发财
take one’s time 慢慢来 take exercise 做锻炼 take turns 轮流
take advice 征求意见 make a difference 有影响
No. 2 动词+名词+介词
take care of 照顾 make fun of 取笑 take account of 考虑到
take part in 参加 make friends with 与……交朋友 find fault with 挑……的毛病
get rid of 摆脱 lose sight of 看不见 pay attention to 注意
make progress in 在……方面取得进步 make room for 为……腾出空间
make contributions to 对……作出贡献 play a part in 起作用
put an end to 结束 take advantage of 利用 take notice of 注意到
take pride in 以......为豪 catch sight of 看到 find fault with......挑......的毛病
No. 3 动词+介词+名词
Point1 动词后需跟宾语类的短语有:
bring.. to an end 使……结束 bring... under control 使……在掌控下
keep/have... in mind 记住…… put... into effect 使……生效
learn... by heart 记住……
Point2 动词后不带宾语类的短语有:
burst into tears 突 然 大 哭 起 来 come into being 产 生 come to power 执 政
come into use 开始被使用 come into effect 生效 put on weight 长胖
知识点 3 高频动词短语之核心动词
1. believe 词组 18. fix 词组 35. pick 词组
2. blow 词组 19. get 词组 36. pull 词组
3. break 词组 20. give 词组 37. push 词组
4. bring 词组 21. go 词组 38. put 词组
5. build 词组 22. have 词组 39. refer 词组
6. burst 词组 23. hold 词组 40. ring 词组
7. call 词组 24. keep 词组 41. see 词组
8. catch 词组 25. knock 词组 42. sell 词组
9. carry 词组 26. lay 词组 43. send 词组
10. check 词组 27. leave 词组 44. set 词组
11. clear 词组 28. look 词组 45. shut 词组
12. come 词组 29. make 词组 46. stick 词组
13. cross 词组 30. meet 词组 47. suit 词组
14. cut 词组 31. open 词组 48. stand 词组
15. do 词组 32. owe 词组 49. take 词组
16. drive 词组 33. pass 词组 50. think 词组
17. fall 词组 34. pay 词组 51. tear 词组
52. throw 词组 54. trust 词组
53. try 词组 55. turn 词组
更多高考高频短语详情见本专辑词汇部分《第 05 讲完形填空高频短语分类速记+
完形填空高频词分类背诵+检测》和本专辑词汇部分《第 01 讲~03 讲 必修一~
选择性必须四词汇部分》。
典例 1.(2024·天津·二模)The old man told his friends he had to leave immediately because he had some urgent
business to ______.
A.point to B.turn to C.attend to D.belong to
典例 2.(2024·山东·三模)—Tom, may I use your pen to ______ the application form
—Sure. Here you are.
A.fill out B.pay for C.fall down D.come out
变式训练 1. Jenny, who has never failed to ______ her parents’ expectations, decides to study abroad after
graduating from college.
A.look up to B.come up with C.live up to D.put up with
变式训练 2. With the new machine, they no longer have to ________ large number of temporary workers to do the
harvesting.
A.take up B.take in C.take on D.take after
一、 真题实战
1.(2024 年全国甲卷完形填空) Born just before WWII, my grandmother ____23____ an entirely different
childhood lifestyle from mine. She did not have a chance to go to _school_. Like in typical families, where boys
were ____25____ much more than girls, my grandma had to stay at home to do _housework_. The only opportunity
(机会 ) she could seize to ____27____ was when her brother was having Chinese __lessons___ with the family
tutor. She would sit quietly at the far end of the long dinner table, listening ___closely___.
.....
This is something I ____33____ — her ability to open her _hands __ underwater and still sit comfortably on
the seabed.
...
My childhood is quite _happy___ compared with hers. I am _grateful__ that I did not need to ____37____ the
hardships like she did. I've never faced the problem of _education__. I guess our different childhood background is
what makes my grandmother such an amazing person to ____39____ to: her stories always make my history
textbooks ____40____.
23. A. adjusted B. promoted C. achieved D. experienced
25. A. favored B. tolerated C. trusted D. acknowledged
27. A. exercise B. study C. explore D. teach
33. A. admire B. notice C. adopt D. value
37. A. reflect upon B. go through C. ask about D. prepare for
39. A. attend B. refer C. lead D. talk
40. A. come true B. come round C. come out D. come alive
2.(2024 年新高考 II 卷完形填空)During my first visit to Italy, I ___22___ to ask for directions or order in a
restaurant. But every time I tried to ___23___ a sentence of Italian together, the locals smiled at me and ___24___
my language skills. That encouragement helped me to get through the language __barrier_. After I made Italy my
permanent home, I discovered how _warm-hearted__ Italians are. Neighbors will bring me freshly made cheese and
will come to my door to ___27___ me to close the window in my car when rain is coming. It's these small __acts__
of kindness that make a new country feel like home.
As a foodie, the way to my heart is through my stomach, and nowhere fuels my __ appetite_ quite like Italy.
Each town has its own traditional ___dish___, and every family keeps a recipe passed from one generation to
another. Families ____31____ for big meals on Sundays, birthdays, and whatever other excuses they can
____32____. These meals are always ____33____ by laughter and joy. Whatever __disadvantages__ life in Italy
might have, the problems are ____35____ once you sit down to a big meal with friends and family.
22. A. planned B. struggled C. refused D. happened
23. A. string B. hang C. mix D. match
24. A. improved B. assessed C. admired D. praised
27. A. remind B. allow C. persuade D. order
31. A. gather B. cheer C. leave D. wait
32. A. put up with B. stand up for C. come up with D. make up for
33. A. signaled B. confirmed C. represented D. accompanied
35. A. created B. forgotten C. understood D. identified
二、 命题演练
1.I need to find some proper ways to ______ the stress in my life.
A.compare with B.consist of C.back down D.cope with
2.The new policy is expected to __________ reducing traffic jam in the city.
A.figure out B.contribute to C.relate to D.account for
3.Currently, many working women _______ relatives to help take care of their children.
A.tell of B.consist of C.rely on D.switch on
4.It’s impolite for anyone else to ________ when someone is talking.
A.cut up B.cut in C.cut off D.cut down
5.To our surprise, crowds of people ______ to watch the charity performance.
A.turned out B.turned down C.broke out D.broke down
6.I think Helen Keller is a good writer. She met many difficulties in her life but she never ______.
A.gave up B.went out C.sat down D.ran around
7.The manager __________ meeting with the team to discuss the new project proposal.
A.belonged to B.insisted on C.judged from D.figured out
8.Even though the project faced many challenges, we decided to________ and complete it successfully.
A.carry out B.carry away C.carry on D.carry over
9.The temptation for a declining church to ______ old privileges is strong.
A.hang on to B.settle for C.pass up D.sign for
10.When we ______ the data further, we can identify specific trends and patterns that may not be evident at first
glance.
A.break up B.break out C.break through D.break down

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