第06讲 介词(讲义)(含答案) 2025年高考英语一轮复习讲练测(新教材新高考)

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第06讲 介词(讲义)(含答案) 2025年高考英语一轮复习讲练测(新教材新高考)

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第 06 讲 介词
目录
01 考情透视·目标导航 2
02 知识导图·思维引航 3
03 考点突破·考法探究 4
【基础详单】
知识点 1 介词概述、命题及解题方向 4
知识点 2 介词的句法功能 4
考点一 介词的基本用法
知识点 1 介词形式的分类 5
知识点 2 常用介词辨析 6
知识点 3 重难易错常考其它介词 10
考点二 介词和其它词类的搭配
知识点 1 介词和名词的搭配 12
知识点 2 介词和形容词的搭配 14
知识点 3 介词和其它词类的搭配 15
04 真题练习·命题洞现
1.真题实战 16
2.命题演练
题型 年份 卷别 考点统计 考情分析
新课标 I 卷 stands _63.as
2024 新课标 II 卷 similar ... 59._to 分析近年高考真题可知,介
全国甲卷 for ; straight 后加 to(改错) 词三年仅在语法填空和短文改错
新课标 I 卷 60.by hand 中就考查 18 处,可见其命题热度。
新课标 II 卷 speak English 58.with 高考命题不局限于考查单个介
全国乙卷 from 61. to ; 删除 with(改错) 词,而是更加注重对介词基本用
2023
全国甲卷 68. for;删除 of(改错) 法和固定搭配中的介词的考查。
语法
浙江 1 月 63.as capital ; 必考点:
填空
上海春招 28.as_an entrepreneur 1. 介词的基本意思和用法;
、 2. 介词和其它词类搭配搭配;
短文 新课标 I 卷 serve as. 64_
改错 复习目标:
全国乙卷 was named officially 61. by
1. 熟练掌握介词及介词短语的
全国甲卷 69. from Xi’an to Kashgar 基本用法;
2022 浙江 6 月 42. at age seven 2. 掌握介词与其他词类所构成
北京卷 11._in the evening 的一些固定短语;
3. 强化练习在复杂语境中介词
上海春招 26._against 及其相关短语的运用
【基础详单】
知识点 1 介词概述
介词是一种虚词。表示词与词、词与句之间的关系的词。介词在句中单独作成分,后面一般有名词、
代词或相当于名词的其他词、短语或从句作它的宾语。在句中充当定语、状语、表语或补语,表示人或事
物之间的关系。
命题方向:介词是语法填空的必考点和难点,学生应该熟练掌握:
1. 常见介词及短语的基本用法
2. 介词与动词、名词、形容词等的固定搭配。
3. 在复杂语境中考查介词或短语的简单意义和用法。【2024·新高考 I 卷 stand as】
解题方向
1.如果名词或者代词在句子中不作主语、表语或者动词的宾语时,其前面一般是填介词。
2.高考通常考查介词与动词、形容词或者名词的搭配。
3.做题时应该先分析句子结构并根据上下文句意推断出设空处的具体意思,然后根据熟记的短语或介词本身
的意思来确定要填的词。
知识点 2 介词短语的句法功能
介词短语 示例
【2024·新高考 I卷D篇】In the race to document the species on Earth before they go extinct,
researchers and citizen scientists have collected billions of records.
作定语 在记录地球物种灭绝前的竞赛中,研究人员和公民科学家已经收集了数十亿份记录。(作
后置定语,修饰 species)
【2024·全国甲卷完形填空】She did not have a chance to go to school.
We have breakfast at seven.(表时间)
He goes to work by bus every day.(方式状语)
They were late for the meeting because of the heavy rain.(表原因)
What do you mean by doing such a thing (表方法)
作状语
Nothing in the world could live without air or water.(表条件)
【2024·新高考 I 卷七选五】For well over a hundred years the most influential English
dictionary was Samuel Johnson's Dictionary of the English Language published in 1755.
一百多年来,最有影响力的英语词典是塞缪尔·约翰逊于 1755 年出版的词典。(表时间)
My glasses are on the desk. 我的眼镜在课桌上放着。
作表语
A few apples remain on the tree.树上还留有机关苹果。
I found the old building in a bad condition.我发现那栋旧建筑状况很差。
作补足语
They must keep their hands behind their backs.他们必须把手放在背后。
考点一 介词的基本用法
知识点 1 介词形式的分类
时间介词:at, about, after, before, during, by, from, for, in, on,, until, since
方位介词:at, in, on, to, beneath, over, under, above, below, in front of / in the front of / behind, between / among,
over/across/through
原因介词:at, with, because of, for, owing to, on account of
方式介词:with, in, by
其它介词:about 关于, on 关于, of ......的, with 与......一起,用, without 没有, like 像, except 除了, besides 除
了......之外还有, instead of 而不是, but 除了,from 自从,despite, in spite of, regardless of 等。
易错提醒:
1.当表示时间的词前有 this, that 时,其前面不用介词,如:this morning
2.当表示时间的词前有 next 时,其前面不用介词,如: next Sunday
3.当表示时间的词前有 last 时,其前面不用介词,如:last Sunday
4.当表示时间的词前有 one, any, each, every, some 或 all 时,其前面不用介词,如:You can come any day.
典例 1.(2024 年新高考 I 卷阅读理解 C 篇)The benefits of print reading particularly shine through when
experimenters move from posing simple tasks — like identifying the main idea in a reading passage — to ones
that require mental abstraction — such as drawing inferences from a text.
【解析】本句句型复杂,句子较长,出现很多的介词短语,在句中充当不同的句子成分。of print reading 作
后置定语,修饰 benefit; from...to...短语相隔较远,但对句意的理解至关重要。like 此处作介词,表示“像,
比如说”;such as 此处也是作介词,表示“列举”。连词 when 引导时间状语从句。主干就是 The benefit shine
through。再根据修饰语的意思,不能得出 shine through 的意思 become easy to notice。
【译文】当实验者从提出简单的任务(如识别阅读文章中的主要思想)转向需要心理抽象的任务(如从文
本中得出推论)时,印刷阅读的好处尤其明显。
思维建模:遇到长难句,不要慌乱。分析句子结构,理清句子成分和修饰语,句子的主干部分便可轻松提
炼出来。
典例 2(. 2024 年新高考 I 卷阅读理解 D 篇)With the rise of technology it is easy for people to make observations
of different species with the aid of a mobile application,”
【解析】本句第一个 with 短语作伴随状语;第二个 with 短语作方式状语;三个介词 of 短语均作后置定语,
修饰其前面的名词;for people 作句子的逻辑主语。理清句子结构和介词的用法,句意跃然纸上。
【译文】随着技术的兴起,人们可以很容易地借助移动应用程序观察不同的物种
名师提醒:介词或介词短语的意思随着语境的变化会有灵活的变化,且不可生搬硬套,应当熟练掌握介词
的基本意思,再根据不同的语境做出正确的判断。
知识点 2 常用介词辨析
1. 表示“时间”的介词
at, on , in
at 表示时刻、时间的某一点;at noon, at 7 o’clock, at dawn, at daybreak, at sunrise, at Christmas
on 表示具体的某一天,某一天的上、下午或晚上;on October 1st, on a rainy day, on National Day
in 表示月、季节、年,泛指上午、下午、晚上(在一段时间内); in Ming Dynasty, in September, in the morning
before 表示“在……之前”;after 表示“在……之后”。
I will be back before lunch.午饭之前我赶回来。
The nights start after half past five in winter.冬天的夜晚在 5 点半之后开始。
by, until/till, by, until
by 表示“在……之前,截止到……”;
until/till 表示“直到……为止”;
by 表示到什么时候为止动作已经完成;
until 表示动作持续到什么时候,在终止性动词的否定式中,二者通用。
Can you repair my bike by Friday 你能在星期五之前修好我的自行车吗?
You can stay on the bus until London.你可以不用下车,一直坐到伦敦。
We didn’t begin to watch TV until/till 7:00.直到 7 点我们才开始看电视。
The work won’t be finished by/until tomorrow.这项工作明天才能完成。
for, during, through
for 表示“达……之久”,指经过多长时间,常和完成时连用;
during 表示“在……期间或某项活动中”;
through 表示“一直……”,指从开始到结束。
They have lived here for five years.他们已经在这里生活了 5 年。
She learned Japanese during her stay in Shanghai.她在上海逗留期间学会了日语。
They played cards through the night.他们打了一整夜的牌。
from, since
from 表示“从……起”;
since 表示“自从……以来(表示从以前某时一直到现在仍在继续)”
The meeting will be held from seven to nine.这个会议将从 7 点开到 9 点。
I have been sick since yesterday.我从昨天起就病了。
I have been studying medicine since 2021.自从 2021 年以来我一直在学习医学。
in, within
in 表示“在……后(未来时间)”;
within 表示“不超过……的范围”。
He will be back in three hours.他 3 小时后回来。
You must finish the test within an hour.你必须在一小时之内完成这项测试。
2. 表示动向和位置的介词
at, in,
at 表示“在某地(较狭窄的场所)”;
in 表示“在某地(较宽敞的场所)”。
at home 在家
at a factory 在一家工厂
in Beijing 在北京
in the world 在世界上
on, above, over 和 below, under, beneath
on 表示“在……上面(有接触面)”;above 表示“在……上方”;over 表示“在……正上方”;under
表示“在……正下方”;below 表示“在……下方”。
on the wall 在墙上
above the clouds 在云端
over the sea 在海上
under the chair 在椅子下
below the surface of the water 在水面下
by, near
by 表示“在……旁边”;
near 表示“在……附近”。
by me 在我旁边
near the house 在房子附近
between, among, around
between 表示“在两者之间”;
among 表示“在三者(以上)之中”;
around 表示“环绕(四周)”。
between A and B 在 A 和 B 之间
among the trees 在树林中
around the table 围在桌边
in front of, opposite, behind
in front of 表示“在……前面/正面”;
behind 表示“在……后面”;
opposite 表示“在……对面”。
in front of the classroom 在教室前面
behind my house 在我家房子后面
opposite me 在我对面
in, into, out of , up
in 表示“在……之内”,
into 表示“进入”;
out of 表示“从……到外面”;
up 表示“向上移动”。
be in the classroom 在教室里
ran into the classroom 跑进教室
rush out of the room 冲出房间
climb up the tree 爬上树
along, across, past, through
along 表示“沿着”;
across 表示“横穿(平面)”;
past 表示“经过”;
through 表示“通过(内部空间)”其含义与 in 有关,。
along the river/railway 沿着河边/铁路
across the river 横渡过河
past the city hall 经过市政厅
through the city/forest 穿过城市/森林
to, for, from
to 表示“到达……目的地或目标”;
for 表示“向……(目的地)”;
from 表示“从……(地点)起”。
get to the airport 到达机场
leave for 动身去
from Beijing to Shanghai 从北京到上海
3. 表示原因的介词
常见的表示“原因、理由”的介词有 for, at, from, with, by, because of , owing to, due to, on account of, thanks to,
out of, through 等。
for, because of, at, out of
for:多=与表示感情的抽象名词或动词及 reason, famous 等词连用。
I must apologize for calling you so late.和抱歉我这么晚来找你。
at:常表示某种表情的起因,常和表示听、看或喜、怒、吃惊等词连用。
You didn’t looked very surprised at the news of his failure.听到他失败的消息,你看上去并不是很吃惊。
He got angry at her words 他因她所说的话而生气。
from:常接抽象名词表示自然或间接原因
Lots of people suffered from hunger in those days.在那些日子里,许多人都遭受到了饥饿之苦。
of:多用于自身的原因,如死因、病因等。
I'm ashamed of myself for being so stupid.我为自己这么笨而感到羞愧 He died of cancer.他死于癌症。
with:多用于表示情绪的形容词或身体动作或状态的动词之后,表示某种心理或心理状况的原因。
Her face went white with anger.她气得脸都白了。
by:表示“由于,成为……结果”,不与冠词连用。
by chance/accident 意外,偶然地, by nature 天生
because of:意为“由于,因为”,在句中仅作状语,修饰句中的一部分,与其他成分不用逗号隔开。
He didn't go to work because of his illness.由于生病他没去上班。
owing to:与 because of 一样,也强调因果关系,作状语修饰整个句子,可放在句首或句末,用逗号隔开。
They decided to postpone the trip, owing to the change of the weather.
由于天气变化,他们决定推迟旅行。
due to:引出造成后果的原因,在句中作表语、状语和定语。作状语时与 owing to 同义,一般不用逗号与其他成
分隔开,且不放于句首。
The team's success was largely due to her efforts.该队的成功很大程度上是由于她的努力。
on account of:与 because of,owing to 同义,但语气较为正式。可作状语、表语,但不作定语。
That was on account of lack of exercise.那是由于缺乏锻炼。
thanks to:只能用作状语,可以表示正面的意思“幸亏”,也可以用在讽刺口吻中(近于讽刺口吻的“感谢”)。
The play succeeded thanks to fine acting by all the cast.
由于全体演员的出色表演 那出戏剧才获得成功。
4. 表示除.....之外的介词
besides 表示“除了……外,还有……”,表示累加关系,指包括介词宾语在内;
except 表示“除……以外”,表示排除关系,指从整体中除去一部分;
but 表示“除……以外”,与 except 同义,但是比 except 的语气更强烈。
I like English and maths besides Chinese.除了语文,我还喜欢英语和数学。
Everyone is here except Miss Ye.除了叶老师外,所有人都在这里。
There is nothing in the basket but three eggs.篮子里除了 3 个鸡蛋外,什么也没有。
5. 表示“支持或反对”的介词
against:意为“反对”,指在观点或张方面与某人采取立的态度。
He is against your opinion.他反对你的观点。
【2021·浙江卷·阅读理解】It turns out, it’s just math working against you; chances are, the other line
really is faster.
原来,这只是你的数学问题;很可能,另一个队伍真的更快。
for:指在观点或主张等方面与某人采取一致的态度,思是“支持,赞成”,与 in favor of 同义。
Are you for the plan or against it 你支持还是反对这个计划
6. 表示方式的介词
in, with, by
in 表示“用材料、语言”。
Can you say it in English
with 表示“用工具、某物”如: with a pen。
by 表示“用、以、靠、通过…方法”。
He prefers traveling by car.
他更喜欢乘汽车出行。
知识点 3 重难易错常考介词
一 for 与 of 表示不定式复合结构的逻辑主语
1. It is +adj. +of sb to do sth =sb. +be + adj. + to do sth 当形容词说明不定式逻辑主语的性质、特性时,用
of。常见的形容词有 kind,good,nice,clever,stupid,foolish, con siderate,polite,impolite,cruel 等。
It was kind of you to help us.=You are kind to help us.
你好心帮助我们,真是太好了。
It was silly of you to trust such a man.=You are silly to trust such a man.你太愚蠢了,竟然相信这样一个人。
2. It is + adj. + for sb to do sth 当形容词说明不定式的性质时,用 for。常见的形容词有 important,
necessary,possible,impossible 等。
It won't be easy for you to find a job.对你来说,找一份工作很难。
It's important for us to learn English.学英语对我们来说很重要。
二 不可遗漏的后置介词
1. 在被动语态中,谓语部分的介词和主语构成介宾关系,介词不能遗漏。
The child has been taken good care of in the nursery.
这个孩子在幼儿园里一直受到很好的照顾。
2. 在非谓语动词表示被动意义时,相关介词也不可省略。
The problem is well worth paying attention to.这个问题很值得关注。
3. 在定语从句中,当从句的谓语和先行词构成动宾关系且从句谓语动词为不及物动词时。
I don’t know the girl you referred to at the meeting.我不认识你在会上提到的那个女孩。
4. 作定语的非谓语动词和它修饰的名词构成动宾或介宾关系且相关介词后置时。
We have many new models to choose from.
我们有许多新模型可以选择。
三 to 与表示情感的名词连用,指某种行动后产生的感觉。
如: to one's delight/surprise/horror/sorrow/joy/regret = to the delight/surprise/horror/sorrow/joy/regret of
sb,这种表达法表示结果,在句中作状语,位于句前、句中、句尾皆可。为了强调,可在前面加 much,意为“使某
人……的是”。
Much to my surprise ( = To my great surprise),they offered me the job.
使我非常惊奇的是,他们把那份工作给了我。
Much to our regret, we will be absent from the party.
非常遗憾,我们将缺席这场晚会。
典例 1.(2024 年江西省景德镇市三模试题)To breathe new life into Qiang embroidery, Chen has continued to
keep an open mind, introducing new products personal accessories(配饰 ), notebooks and bags in
addition to the traditional clothes.
【解析】考查介词。句意:为了给羌绣注入新的活力,陈云珍继续保持开放的心态,除了传统服装外,还
推出了新产品,如个人配饰、笔记本和包。根据下文“personal accessories(配饰), notebooks and bags in addition
to the traditional clothes(除了传统服装外,……如个人配饰、笔记本和包)”可知,下文在举例说明,表示“比
如”用 like。故填 like。
【答案】like
【思维建模】遇到介词题首先分析句子上下文中是否有固定搭配,然后根据句子结构正确翻译,有时就是
介词的核心意思应用于复杂语境,考查整体理解能力。
典例 2. (2024 年浙江杭州四中模拟)But now, women enjoy equal rights with men on the stage, and more women
are appearing on the Opera stage ever before.
A. A pop star. B. An old song. C. A radio program.
【解析】考查介词。句意:但现在,女性在舞台上享有与男性平等的权利,出现在戏剧舞台上的女性比以
往任何时候都多。根据句意和句中“more women”可知,句中把“现在出现在戏剧舞台上的女性数量”和“以往
任何时候出现在戏剧舞台上的女性数量”进行对比,句子为形容词的比较级句式,故空格处应用介词 than,
意为“比”。故填 than。
【答案】than
变式训练 1.Covering an area of 3.6 square kilometers, Huangyao has a history of nearly 1,000 years ___ its
origins dating back to the Song Dynasty.
【解析】with 考查介词。句意:黄姚占地 3.6 平方公里,有近千年的历史,其起源可以追溯到宋代。根据
句中的“its origins dating back to the Song Dynasty”可知,此处应用 with sth. doing 的复合结构,表示黄姚历史
拥有的起源,空处应用介词 with。故填 with。
【答案】with
变式训练 2.As a student, I get so many assignments every day. I have to stay up late in order to finish all my
homework. I used to complain about all this pressure ________ school with my classmates.
【解析】此题的正确答案为 from。分析知“来自学校的压力”,做定语成分。
【答案】from
考点二 介词和其它词类的搭配
知识点 1 介词和名词的搭配
① at+n. 表示状态
at peace 处于和平中 at ease 安心自在,不拘束 at drill 在操练
at random 随意地,胡乱地 at work 在工作 at play 在玩耍
② by+n. 表示方式
by hand 手工的 by mistake 错误的 by chance/accident 偶然
by design 故意地 by turns 轮流地,交替地 by surprise 突然(冷不防,出其不意地)
③ in+n.表示方式
in shape 在外形上 in cash 用现金付的 in brief 简言之
in detail 详细地 in general 一般说来 in person 亲自 in tum 轮流,依次
in advance 事先提前 in vain 白费,徒劳
④ in+n 表示状态
in debt 负债 in order 整齐 in condition 健康
in doubt 怀疑 in danger 处于危险中 in surprise 惊奇地
in public 公开的 in shame 由于害羞 in comfort 舒适地
⑤ of +n. 表示特征
of value 有价值 of importance 重要 of use 有用
of help 有帮助 of interest 有兴趣 of ability 有能力
⑥ on +n. 表示状态
on guard 值班,警戒 on show/display 展览 on business 因公出差
on strike 在罢工 on duty 值班 on leave/sick leave 在度假/休病假
⑦ out of +n 表示状态
out of sight 看不到 out of mind 发狂 out of danger 脱离危险
out of trouble 摆脱困难 out of office 在野,不执政 out of business 失业
out of fashion 不流行 out of order 出故障 out of debt 不欠债
out of control 不受控制 out of question 毫无疑问 out of breath 气喘吁吁
out of condition 身体不佳 out of date 过时
⑧ under+n.表示被动
under discussion/treatment/control/attack/consideration 在讨论中/治疗中/控制中/被攻击/在考虑中
⑨ with+n. 表示方式
with pleasure 愉快地 with delight 高兴地 with fear 吓得
with satisfaction 满意地 with difficulty 困难地 with ease 轻而易举地
易错提醒: 考生容易死记硬背短语搭配,例如遇到 stand 只想到自己最熟悉的短语,但有的动词可以搭配
较多介词,分别引用有不同的语境,需要瞻前顾后,分析句子结构,理清句意才能得出正确答案。
典例 1.(2024 年江苏南通高三期末)Looking forward, we should invest in new technologies and innovative
thinking that open the door a whole new world where we decrease reliance on fossil fuels.
【解析】考查介词。句意:展望未来,我们应该投资于新技术和创新思维,为一个全新的世界打开大门,
减少对化石燃料的依赖。分析句子,句中 open the door to sth 为固定短语,意为“向……敞开大门;给……以
机会”。故填 to。
【答案】to
典例 2.(2024 年江苏高三开学考试)I hold the firm belief that I am equal the job as a volunteer for the
fair.
【解析】考查固定短语。句意:我坚信我能胜任招聘会志愿者的工作。根据“I am equal”和“the job”可推知,
此处用固定短语 be equal to,意为“胜任某事,能应付难题(任务等)”,空处应用介词 to 构成该短语。故填
to。
【答案】to
变式训练 1.We were arguing what gift we should send to our teacher when Tom came up a good idea.
【解析】考查介词。句意:我们正在争论送老师什么礼物,突然汤姆想出了一个好主意。come up with 意为
“想出(主意)”是固定短语。故填 with。
【答案】with
变式训练 2.It was compiled in the early Warring States Period, over 70 years after the death of Confucius, from the
notes that his disciples took according to the answers their questions.
【解析】考查介词。句意同上。answer to…“……的答案”是固定用法,故填 to。
【答案】to
知识点 2 介词和形容词的搭配
① adj. + about
be anxious about 为……而忧虑 be certain/sure about 对……有把握
be doubtful about 对……怀疑 be enthusiastic about 对……热情的/热心的
be hopeful about 对……抱有希望 be incredulous about 对……不相信
② adj.+ at
be quick at 做……敏捷 be slow at 对……反应慢 be surprised at 对……吃惊
be bad at 不擅长 be terrified at 受到……恐吓 be shocked at ……震惊
③ adj. + from
be absent from 缺席 be free from 不受……影响
be safe from 安全 be different from 与……不同
④ adj. + for
be anxious for 渴望 be hungry for 渴望 be eager for 渴望
be fit for 适合 be unfit for 不适合 be thankful for 因……而感激
be famous for 因……而著名 be ready for 为……作好准备 be responsible for 对……负责
⑤ adj. + in
be weak in 不擅长…… be strict in 对……严格 be rich in 含有丰富的……
be dressed in 穿着…… be successful in 在……上成功 be absorbed in 专心于
be disappointed in 对……失望 be experienced in 对……有经验 be expert in 在……方面熟练
be fortunate in 有幸
⑥ adj. + of
be ashamed of 羞耻 be aware of 知道 be guilty of 有罪的
be proud of 骄傲 be short of 缺乏 be sick of 厌烦
be tired of 厌倦 be worthy of 值得 be free of 免于
be shy of 对……感到害羞
⑦ adj. + to
be contrary to 与……相反 be determined to 决定…… be equal to 等于
be familiar to 对……所熟悉 be favourable to 对……有利 be harmful to 对……有害
be different to 不同于 be similar to 相似,相似 be polite to 对……有礼貌
be rude to 对……无礼 be determined to 决定… be equal to 等于
be familiar to 对……所熟悉 be favourable to 对……有利 be harmful to 对……有害
be similar to 相似,相似 be polite to 对……有礼貌 be suitable to 适合
be rude to 对……无礼 be married to 与……结婚
⑧ adj. + with
be popular with 受……欢迎 be patient with 对……有耐心 be sick with 患病
be pleased with 对……喜欢 be crowded with 充满…… be content with 对……满足
be annoyed with 对……烦恼 be familiar with 精通,熟悉 be friendly with 与……友好
be nervous with 对……紧张 be satisfied with 对……满意
⑨ adj. + on
be dependant on 依靠 be keen on 热衷于…… be severe on 对……严格/严厉
知识点 3 介词和其它词的搭配
n.+prep. +n.
① n. +by+n.
side by side 肩并肩
step by step 一步一步地 one by one 一个接一个地
little by little 一点一点地 day by day 一天一天地
② n. + after +n.
day after day 日复一日地 year after year 复一年地
③ n. +in+n.
arm in arm 手挽手地 hand in hand 手牵手地 heart in ones mouth 提心吊胆
④ n. + to + n.
day to day 日常的 heart to heart 互相交心地 face to face 面对面地
back to back 背靠背地 shoulder to shoulder 肩并肩地
⑤ in +n. +of
in fear of 害怕 in charge of 负责 in honor of 为纪念,为庆祝
in memory of 为纪念 in need/want/demand of 需要 in place of 代替
in possession of 拥有 in search of 寻找 in case of 以防,万一
in control of 管理 in danger of 处于……的危险中 in terms of 就......而言
in respect of 关于,涉及 in spite of 尽管,虽然 in praise of 表扬
典例 1.(2024 年广东惠州高三一模)In addition to “Happy Loong”, the Gansu Provincial Museum offers stuffed
toys inspired the flying apsaras (飞天) of the Mogao Grottoes and the bronze galloping horse from the
Easter Han Dynasty (25-220), all of which combine rich history with Gen-Z appeal.
【解析】考查介词。句意:除了 "开心龙",甘肃省博物馆还推出了以莫高窟飞天和东汉青铜奔马为灵感的
毛绒玩具,这些产品都将厚重的历史和新时代的吸引力融为一体。分析句子可知,这里使用介词,且表示
被启发,使用表示被动的介词 by。
【答案】by
【名词提醒】遇到长句时,首先根据句子结构分析确定是否填介词。介词考查核心意思和固定搭配。考生
需要瞻前顾后,除了兼顾句法句意外,还应关注固定搭配。
典例 2(. 2024 届河南省濮阳市高三二模)A birthday surprise is not easy to come by for 90-year-old Wong, having
lived through the majority of the length and breadth of human experience, but dressing up in traditional Chinese
hanfu this year came a welcome treat.
【解析】考查介词。句意:同上。come as 为固定短语,含义为“作为;以……身份来到这里”,符合句意。
【答案】as
变式训练 1. An amateur naturalist came across a new species of orchid ______ other flowers in Tokyo.
【解析】考查介词。句意:一位业余博物学家在东京的其他花中发现了一种新的兰花。由“other flowers in
Tokyo”可知,句子表示“一位业余博物学家在东京的其他花中发现了一种新的兰花”,空格处意为“在……
中”,用介词 among。
【答案】among
变式训练 2In contrast ____ the opening ceremony, during the closing ceremony, athletes from all delegations
(代表团) entered the stadium together, mingling (交际) without regard to nationality.
【解析】to/with 考查介词。句意:与开幕式不同的是,在闭幕式上,所有代表团的运动员不分国籍,一起
进入体育场。分析句子结构可知,此处是固定搭配:in contrast to 或者 in contrast with 意为“与…相比”。故
填 to 或者 with。
【答案】with
一、 真题实战
1. (2024 年新高考 II 卷) I happen to know that Tang’s play The Peony Pavilion (《牡丹亭》) is similar in some
ways ______ Romeo and Juliet.”
【答案】to
【解析】考查固定短语。句意:“汤显祖所写的一些内容也是莎士比亚所关心的。我碰巧知道汤显祖的戏剧
《牡丹亭》在某些方面与《罗密欧与朱丽叶》相似。”固定短语:be similar to,意为“和……相似”,符合句
意。故填 to。
2.(2024 年全国甲卷)What should be done with such a beautiful place They wondered out loud. This area,
with its unique and breathtaking natural beauty, must be well preserved ________all people of the nation
to enjoy—as a national park.
【答案】for
【解析】考查介词。句意同上。介词 for 表目的,表示“为了所有国家的人都能享受”。 故填 for。
3.(2023 年新高考 II 卷) And who do they speak English ______
【答案】with
【解析】考查介词。句意:那他们和谁说英语呢?根据句子意思判断,他们和谁用英语交流。故填 with。
4.(2022 年全国乙卷)May 21st this year marks the first International Tea Day, which was named officially    
________the United Nations on November 27th, 2019.
【答案】by
【解析】考查介词。此处 be named by 表示“由……命名”。根据前面的被动语态 was named 可知,此处填介
词 by 表被动。
5.(2019 年高考英语浙江卷)The answer ______ this question is not clear.
【答案】to
【解析】考查介词。句意:这个问题的答案不清楚。the key/ answer to…..这是固定搭配,“……的答案
是……”。故填 to。
二、 命题演练
1.(2024 年湖南衡阳模拟预测)The annual CCTV Spring Festival gala was broadcast live on Feb 9, Lunar New
Year’s Eve, attracting 679 million viewers, a year-on-year increase of 12.69 percent.
【答案】with
【解析】考查介词。句意同上。a year-on-year increase of 12.69 percent 为名词性短语,缺少介词,with 在这
里引导一个表示伴随情况的介词短语,用来说明观众数量的增长情况。故填 with。
2.(2024 年四川省攀枝花市高三统考)The Internet is filled AI text generators that can write essays that
look authentic enough to fool examiners.
【答案】with
【解析】考查介词。句意:互联网上到处都是人工智能文本生成器,它们可以写出看起来足够真实的文章,
骗过考官。短语 be filled with 表示“充满”。故填 with。
3.(2024 年河南省开封市高三三模)The No. 2 shipwreck dates the rule of Emperor Hongzhi and
measures about 21 meters long and 8 meters wide.
【答案】from
【解析】考查介词。句意:二号沉船可以追溯到弘治皇帝统治时期,长约 21 米,宽约 8 米。句中 date from
为固定短语,意为“追溯于,起始于”。故填 from。
4.(2024 届内蒙古呼和浩特市高三二模考试) Its surface is covered in panels that contain algae (藻类). The
panels capture heat the sun and convert it into energy that powers the building. The algae grow faster in
bright sunshine and provide shade.
【答案】from
【解析】考查介词。句意:这些板吸收太阳的热量,并将其转化为能源,为建筑提供动力。这里表示从太
阳捕捉热量,应用介词 from,表示“从”。故填 from。
5.(2024 年湖北荆州模拟预测)Zhangjiakou is becoming part of a comprehensive international trade corridor
following the opening of the railway route Europe and Central Asia.
【答案】to
【解析】考查介词。句意:随着通往欧洲和中亚的铁路线路的开通,张家口正在成为一个综合性国际贸易
走廊的一部分。the route to 是固定用法,意为“通往……的路线”,因此空格处用介词 to,故填 to。
6.(2024 年湖北黄冈模拟预测)The canyon is about 30 kilometers length, with the valley floor
being 3 to 4 hundred meters at its widest, while the narrowest part is only two or three meters.
【答案】in
【解析】考查介词。句意:峡谷长约 30 公里,谷底最宽的地方有 300 到 400 米,最窄的地方只有两三米。
in length“在长度上”,故填 in。
7.(2024 年重庆高三三模试题)“Digital education in Zibo has just begun and there are still many new situations,
problems and challenges to deal .
【答案】with
【解析】考查介词。句意:淄博市数字教育刚刚起步,还存在许多新情况、新问题、新挑战需要应对。短
语 deal with 表示“应对”。故填 with。
8.(2024 年四川成都模拟预测) the numerous bronze statues there, this giant standing bronze figure,
measuring 260.8 centimeters in height, is the “highest” ruler.
【答案】Among
【解析】考查介词。句意:在那里众多的青铜雕像中,这个巨大的站立青铜雕像,高 260.8 厘米,是“最高”
的统治者。首字母大写,根据句意以及空后 the numerous bronze statues 为复数名词可知,此处为介词 Among
表示“在……之间”,比较对象超过三个,所以为介词 Among 的填入。故填 Among。
9.(2024 江西省高三开学考试)Gui then pursued postdoctoral research overseas and published about 20 SCI
academic papers in top international journals. After returning to China, he received Beihang’s invitation to
teach_________ an associate professor.
【答案】as
【解析】考查介词。句意:回国后,他受到北京航空航天大学的邀请,担任副教授。后跟名词作宾语,表
示“作为”应用介词 as。故填 as。
10.(2024 年江苏镇江三模试题)“Hopefully, I can be of some help in inspiring more young people to find their
lifelong passion cultural heritage preservation,” said Song.
【答案】in
【解析】考查介词。句意:希望我能对激励更多的年轻人在文化遗产保护中找到他们毕生的激情有所帮助。
此处表示“在……中”,应用介词 in。故填 in。第 06 讲 介词
目录
01 考情透视·目标导航 2
02 知识导图·思维引航 3
03 考点突破·考法探究 4
【基础详单】
知识点 1 介词概述、命题及解题方向 4
知识点 2 介词的句法功能 4
考点一 介词的基本用法
知识点 1 介词形式的分类 5
知识点 2 常用介词辨析 6
知识点 3 重难易错常考其它介词 10
考点二 介词和其它词类的搭配
知识点 1 介词和名词的搭配 11
知识点 2 介词和形容词的搭配 12
知识点 3 介词和其它词类的搭配 14
04 真题练习·命题洞现
1.真题实战 15
2.命题演练 15
题型 年份 卷别 考点统计 考情分析
新课标 I 卷 stands _63.as
2024 新课标 II 卷 similar ... 59._to 分析近年高考真题可知,介
全国甲卷 for ; straight 后加 to(改错) 词三年仅在语法填空和短文改错
新课标 I 卷 60.by hand 中就考查 18 处,可见其命题热度。
新课标 II 卷 speak English 58.with 高考命题不局限于考查单个介
全国乙卷 from 61. to ; 删除 with(改错) 词,而是更加注重对介词基本用
2023
全国甲卷 68. for;删除 of(改错) 法和固定搭配中的介词的考查。
语法
浙江 1 月 63.as capital ; 必考点:
填空
上海春招 28.as_an entrepreneur 1. 介词的基本意思和用法;
、 2. 介词和其它词类搭配搭配;
短文 新课标 I 卷 serve as. 64_
改错 复习目标:
全国乙卷 was named officially 61. by
1. 熟练掌握介词及介词短语的
全国甲卷 69. from Xi’an to Kashgar 基本用法;
2022 浙江 6 月 42. at age seven 2. 掌握介词与其他词类所构成
北京卷 11._in the evening 的一些固定短语;
3. 强化练习在复杂语境中介词
上海春招 26._against 及其相关短语的运用
【基础详单】
知识点 1 介词概述
介词是一种虚词。表示词与词、词与句之间的关系的词。介词在句中单独作成分,后面一般有名词、
代词或相当于名词的其他词、短语或从句作它的宾语。在句中充当定语、状语、表语或补语,表示人或事
物之间的关系。
命题方向:介词是语法填空的必考点和难点,学生应该熟练掌握:
1. 常见介词及短语的基本用法
2. 介词与动词、名词、形容词等的固定搭配。
3. 在复杂语境中考查介词或短语的简单意义和用法。【2024·新高考 I 卷 stand as】
解题方向
1.如果名词或者代词在句子中不作主语、表语或者动词的宾语时,其前面一般是填介词。
2.高考通常考查介词与动词、形容词或者名词的搭配。
3.做题时应该先分析句子结构并根据上下文句意推断出设空处的具体意思,然后根据熟记的短语或介词本身
的意思来确定要填的词。
知识点 2 介词短语的句法功能
介词短语 示例
【2024·新高考 I卷D篇】In the race to document the species on Earth before they go extinct,
researchers and citizen scientists have collected billions of records.
作定语 在记录地球物种灭绝前的竞赛中,研究人员和公民科学家已经收集了数十亿份记录。(作
后置定语,修饰 species)
【2024·全国甲卷完形填空】She did not have a chance to go to school.
We have breakfast at seven.(表时间)
He goes to work by bus every day.(方式状语)
They were late for the meeting because of the heavy rain.(表原因)
What do you mean by doing such a thing (表方法)
作状语
Nothing in the world could live without air or water.(表条件)
【2024·新高考 I 卷七选五】For well over a hundred years the most influential English
dictionary was Samuel Johnson's Dictionary of the English Language published in 1755.
一百多年来,最有影响力的英语词典是塞缪尔·约翰逊于 1755 年出版的词典。(表时间)
My glasses are on the desk. 我的眼镜在课桌上放着。
作表语
A few apples remain on the tree.树上还留有机关苹果。
I found the old building in a bad condition.我发现那栋旧建筑状况很差。
作补足语
They must keep their hands behind their backs.他们必须把手放在背后。
考点一 介词的基本用法
知识点 1 介词形式的分类
时间介词:at, about, after, before, during, by, from, for, in, on,, until, since
方位介词:at, in, on, to, beneath, over, under, above, below, in front of / in the front of / behind, between / among,
over/across/through
原因介词:at, with, because of, for, owing to, on account of
方式介词:with, in, by
其它介词:about 关于, on 关于, of ......的, with 与......一起,用, without 没有, like 像, except 除了, besides 除
了......之外还有, instead of 而不是, but 除了,from 自从,despite, in spite of, regardless of 等。
易错提醒:
1.当表示时间的词前有 this, that 时,其前面不用介词,如:this morning
2.当表示时间的词前有 next 时,其前面不用介词,如: next Sunday
3.当表示时间的词前有 last 时,其前面不用介词,如:last Sunday
4.当表示时间的词前有 one, any, each, every, some 或 all 时,其前面不用介词,如:You can come any day.
典例 1.(2024 年新高考 I 卷阅读理解 C 篇)The benefits of print reading particularly shine through when
experimenters move from posing simple tasks — like identifying the main idea in a reading passage — to ones
that require mental abstraction — such as drawing inferences from a text.
典例 1(. 2024 年新高考 I 卷阅读理解 D 篇)With the rise of technology it is easy for people to make observations
of different species with the aid of a mobile application,”
知识点 2 常用介词辨析
1. 表示“时间”的介词
at, on , in
at 表示时刻、时间的某一点;at noon, at 7 o’clock, at dawn, at daybreak, at sunrise, at Christmas
on 表示具体的某一天,某一天的上、下午或晚上;on October 1st, on a rainy day, on National Day
in 表示月、季节、年,泛指上午、下午、晚上(在一段时间内); in Ming Dynasty, in September, in the morning
before 表示“在……之前”;after 表示“在……之后”。
I will be back before lunch.午饭之前我赶回来。
The nights start after half past five in winter.冬天的夜晚在 5 点半之后开始。
by, until/till, by, until
by 表示“在……之前,截止到……”;
until/till 表示“直到……为止”;
by 表示到什么时候为止动作已经完成;
until 表示动作持续到什么时候,在终止性动词的否定式中,二者通用。
Can you repair my bike by Friday 你能在星期五之前修好我的自行车吗?
You can stay on the bus until London.你可以不用下车,一直坐到伦敦。
We didn’t begin to watch TV until/till 7:00.直到 7 点我们才开始看电视。
The work won’t be finished by/until tomorrow.这项工作明天才能完成。
for, during, through
for 表示“达……之久”,指经过多长时间,常和完成时连用;
during 表示“在……期间或某项活动中”;
through 表示“一直……”,指从开始到结束。
They have lived here for five years.他们已经在这里生活了 5 年。
She learned Japanese during her stay in Shanghai.她在上海逗留期间学会了日语。
They played cards through the night.他们打了一整夜的牌。
from, since
from 表示“从……起”;
since 表示“自从……以来(表示从以前某时一直到现在仍在继续)”
The meeting will be held from seven to nine.这个会议将从 7 点开到 9 点。
I have been sick since yesterday.我从昨天起就病了。
I have been studying medicine since 2021.自从 2021 年以来我一直在学习医学。
in, within
in 表示“在……后(未来时间)”;
within 表示“不超过……的范围”。
He will be back in three hours.他 3 小时后回来。
You must finish the test within an hour.你必须在一小时之内完成这项测试。
2. 表示动向和位置的介词
at, in,
at 表示“在某地(较狭窄的场所)”;
in 表示“在某地(较宽敞的场所)”。
at home 在家
at a factory 在一家工厂
in Beijing 在北京
in the world 在世界上
on, above, over 和 below, under, beneath
on 表示“在……上面(有接触面)”;above 表示“在……上方”;over 表示“在……正上方”;under
表示“在……正下方”;below 表示“在……下方”。
on the wall 在墙上
above the clouds 在云端
over the sea 在海上
under the chair 在椅子下
below the surface of the water 在水面下
by, near
by 表示“在……旁边”;
near 表示“在……附近”。
by me 在我旁边
near the house 在房子附近
between, among, around
between 表示“在两者之间”;
among 表示“在三者(以上)之中”;
around 表示“环绕(四周)”。
between A and B 在 A 和 B 之间
among the trees 在树林中
around the table 围在桌边
in front of, opposite, behind
in front of 表示“在……前面/正面”;
behind 表示“在……后面”;
opposite 表示“在……对面”。
in front of the classroom 在教室前面
behind my house 在我家房子后面
opposite me 在我对面
in, into, out of , up
in 表示“在……之内”,
into 表示“进入”;
out of 表示“从……到外面”;
up 表示“向上移动”。
be in the classroom 在教室里
ran into the classroom 跑进教室
rush out of the room 冲出房间
climb up the tree 爬上树
along, across, past, through
along 表示“沿着”;
across 表示“横穿(平面)”;
past 表示“经过”;
through 表示“通过(内部空间)”其含义与 in 有关,。
along the river/railway 沿着河边/铁路
across the river 横渡过河
past the city hall 经过市政厅
through the city/forest 穿过城市/森林
to, for, from
to 表示“到达……目的地或目标”;
for 表示“向……(目的地)”;
from 表示“从……(地点)起”。
get to the airport 到达机场
leave for 动身去
from Beijing to Shanghai 从北京到上海
3. 表示原因的介词
常见的表示“原因、理由”的介词有 for, at, from, with, by, because of , owing to, due to, on account of, thanks to,
out of, through 等。
for, because of, at, out of
for:多=与表示感情的抽象名词或动词及 reason, famous 等词连用。
I must apologize for calling you so late.和抱歉我这么晚来找你。
at:常表示某种表情的起因,常和表示听、看或喜、怒、吃惊等词连用。
You didn’t looked very surprised at the news of his failure.听到他失败的消息,你看上去并不是很吃惊。
He got angry at her words 他因她所说的话而生气。
from:常接抽象名词表示自然或间接原因
Lots of people suffered from hunger in those days.在那些日子里,许多人都遭受到了饥饿之苦。
of:多用于自身的原因,如死因、病因等。
I'm ashamed of myself for being so stupid.我为自己这么笨而感到羞愧 He died of cancer.他死于癌症。
with:多用于表示情绪的形容词或身体动作或状态的动词之后,表示某种心理或心理状况的原因。
Her face went white with anger.她气得脸都白了。
by:表示“由于,成为……结果”,不与冠词连用。
by chance/accident 意外,偶然地, by nature 天生
because of:意为“由于,因为”,在句中仅作状语,修饰句中的一部分,与其他成分不用逗号隔开。
He didn't go to work because of his illness.由于生病他没去上班。
owing to:与 because of 一样,也强调因果关系,作状语修饰整个句子,可放在句首或句末,用逗号隔开。
They decided to postpone the trip, owing to the change of the weather.
由于天气变化,他们决定推迟旅行。
due to:引出造成后果的原因,在句中作表语、状语和定语。作状语时与 owing to 同义,一般不用逗号与其他成
分隔开,且不放于句首。
The team's success was largely due to her efforts.该队的成功很大程度上是由于她的努力。
on account of:与 because of,owing to 同义,但语气较为正式。可作状语、表语,但不作定语。
That was on account of lack of exercise.那是由于缺乏锻炼。
thanks to:只能用作状语,可以表示正面的意思“幸亏”,也可以用在讽刺口吻中(近于讽刺口吻的“感谢”)。
The play succeeded thanks to fine acting by all the cast.
由于全体演员的出色表演 那出戏剧才获得成功。
4. 表示除.....之外的介词
besides 表示“除了……外,还有……”,表示累加关系,指包括介词宾语在内;
except 表示“除……以外”,表示排除关系,指从整体中除去一部分;
but 表示“除……以外”,与 except 同义,但是比 except 的语气更强烈。
I like English and maths besides Chinese.除了语文,我还喜欢英语和数学。
Everyone is here except Miss Ye.除了叶老师外,所有人都在这里。
There is nothing in the basket but three eggs.篮子里除了 3 个鸡蛋外,什么也没有。
5. 表示“支持或反对”的介词
against:意为“反对”,指在观点或张方面与某人采取立的态度。
He is against your opinion.他反对你的观点。
【2021·浙江卷·阅读理解】It turns out, it’s just math working against you; chances are, the other line
really is faster.
原来,这只是你的数学问题;很可能,另一个队伍真的更快。
for:指在观点或主张等方面与某人采取一致的态度,思是“支持,赞成”,与 in favor of 同义。
Are you for the plan or against it 你支持还是反对这个计划
6. 表示方式的介词
in, with, by
in 表示“用材料、语言”。
Can you say it in English
with 表示“用工具、某物”如: with a pen。
by 表示“用、以、靠、通过…方法”。
He prefers traveling by car.
他更喜欢乘汽车出行。
知识点 3 重难易错常考介词
一 for 与 of 表示不定式复合结构的逻辑主语
1. It is +adj. +of sb to do sth =sb. +be + adj. + to do sth 当形容词说明不定式逻辑主语的性质、特性时,用
of。常见的形容词有 kind,good,nice,clever,stupid,foolish, con siderate,polite,impolite,cruel 等。
It was kind of you to help us.=You are kind to help us.
你好心帮助我们,真是太好了。
It was silly of you to trust such a man.=You are silly to trust such a man.你太愚蠢了,竟然相信这样一个人。
2. It is + adj. + for sb to do sth 当形容词说明不定式的性质时,用 for。常见的形容词有 important,
necessary,possible,impossible 等。
It won't be easy for you to find a job.对你来说,找一份工作很难。
It's important for us to learn English.学英语对我们来说很重要。
二 不可遗漏的后置介词
1. 在被动语态中,谓语部分的介词和主语构成介宾关系,介词不能遗漏。
The child has been taken good care of in the nursery.
这个孩子在幼儿园里一直受到很好的照顾。
2. 在非谓语动词表示被动意义时,相关介词也不可省略。
The problem is well worth paying attention to.这个问题很值得关注。
3. 在定语从句中,当从句的谓语和先行词构成动宾关系且从句谓语动词为不及物动词时。
I don’t know the girl you referred to at the meeting.我不认识你在会上提到的那个女孩。
4. 作定语的非谓语动词和它修饰的名词构成动宾或介宾关系且相关介词后置时。
We have many new models to choose from.
我们有许多新模型可以选择。
三 to 与表示情感的名词连用,指某种行动后产生的感觉。
如: to one's delight/surprise/horror/sorrow/joy/regret = to the delight/surprise/horror/sorrow/joy/regret of
sb,这种表达法表示结果,在句中作状语,位于句前、句中、句尾皆可。为了强调,可在前面加 much,意为“使某
人……的是”。
Much to my surprise ( = To my great surprise),they offered me the job.
使我非常惊奇的是,他们把那份工作给了我。
Much to our regret, we will be absent from the party.
非常遗憾,我们将缺席这场晚会。
典例 1.(2024 年江西省景德镇市三模试题)To breathe new life into Qiang embroidery, Chen has continued to
keep an open mind, introducing new products personal accessories(配饰 ), notebooks and bags in
addition to the traditional clothes.
典例 2. (2024 年浙江杭州四中模拟)But now, women enjoy equal rights with men on the stage, and more women
are appearing on the Opera stage ever before.
A. A pop star. B. An old song. C. A radio program.
变式训练 1.Covering an area of 3.6 square kilometers, Huangyao has a history of nearly 1,000 years ___ its
origins dating back to the Song Dynasty.
变式训练 2.As a student, I get so many assignments every day. I have to stay up late in order to finish all my
homework. I used to complain about all this pressure ________ school with my classmates.
考点二 介词和其它词类的搭配
知识点 1 介词和名词的搭配
① at+n. 表示状态
at peace 处于和平中 at ease 安心自在,不拘束 at drill 在操练
at random 随意地,胡乱地 at work 在工作 at play 在玩耍
② by+n. 表示方式
by hand 手工的 by mistake 错误的 by chance/accident 偶然
by design 故意地 by turns 轮流地,交替地 by surprise 突然(冷不防,出其不意地)
③ in+n.表示方式
in shape 在外形上 in cash 用现金付的 in brief 简言之
in detail 详细地 in general 一般说来 in person 亲自 in tum 轮流,依次
in advance 事先提前 in vain 白费,徒劳
④ in+n 表示状态
in debt 负债 in order 整齐 in condition 健康
in doubt 怀疑 in danger 处于危险中 in surprise 惊奇地
in public 公开的 in shame 由于害羞 in comfort 舒适地
⑤ of +n. 表示特征
of value 有价值 of importance 重要 of use 有用
of help 有帮助 of interest 有兴趣 of ability 有能力
⑥ on +n. 表示状态
on guard 值班,警戒 on show/display 展览 on business 因公出差
on strike 在罢工 on duty 值班 on leave/sick leave 在度假/休病假
⑦ out of +n 表示状态
out of sight 看不到 out of mind 发狂 out of danger 脱离危险
out of trouble 摆脱困难 out of office 在野,不执政 out of business 失业
out of fashion 不流行 out of order 出故障 out of debt 不欠债
out of control 不受控制 out of question 毫无疑问 out of breath 气喘吁吁
out of condition 身体不佳 out of date 过时
⑧ under+n.表示被动
under discussion/treatment/control/attack/consideration 在讨论中/治疗中/控制中/被攻击/在考虑中
⑨ with+n. 表示方式
with pleasure 愉快地 with delight 高兴地 with fear 吓得
with satisfaction 满意地 with difficulty 困难地 with ease 轻而易举地
易错提醒: 考生容易死记硬背短语搭配,例如遇到 stand 只想到自己最熟悉的短语,但有的动词可以搭配
较多介词,分别引用有不同的语境,需要瞻前顾后,分析句子结构,理清句意才能得出正确答案。
典例 1.(2024 年江苏南通高三期末)Looking forward, we should invest in new technologies and innovative
thinking that open the door a whole new world where we decrease reliance on fossil fuels.
典例 2.(2024 年江苏高三开学考试)I hold the firm belief that I am equal the job as a volunteer for the
fair.
变式训练 1.We were arguing what gift we should send to our teacher when Tom came up a good idea.
变式训练 2.It was compiled in the early Warring States Period, over 70 years after the death of Confucius, from
the notes that his disciples took according to the answers their questions.
知识点 2 介词和形容词的搭配
① adj. + about
be anxious about 为……而忧虑 be certain/sure about 对……有把握
be doubtful about 对……怀疑 be enthusiastic about 对……热情的/热心的
be hopeful about 对……抱有希望 be incredulous about 对……不相信
② adj.+ at
be quick at 做……敏捷 be slow at 对……反应慢 be surprised at 对……吃惊
be bad at 不擅长 be terrified at 受到……恐吓 be shocked at ……震惊
③ adj. + from
be absent from 缺席 be free from 不受……影响
be safe from 安全 be different from 与……不同
④ adj. + for
be anxious for 渴望 be hungry for 渴望 be eager for 渴望
be fit for 适合 be unfit for 不适合 be thankful for 因……而感激
be famous for 因……而著名 be ready for 为……作好准备 be responsible for 对……负责
⑤ adj. + in
be weak in 不擅长…… be strict in 对……严格 be rich in 含有丰富的……
be dressed in 穿着…… be successful in 在……上成功 be absorbed in 专心于
be disappointed in 对……失望 be experienced in 对……有经验 be expert in 在……方面熟练
be fortunate in 有幸
⑥ adj. + of
be ashamed of 羞耻 be aware of 知道 be guilty of 有罪的
be proud of 骄傲 be short of 缺乏 be sick of 厌烦
be tired of 厌倦 be worthy of 值得 be free of 免于
be shy of 对……感到害羞
⑦ adj. + to
be contrary to 与……相反 be determined to 决定…… be equal to 等于
be familiar to 对……所熟悉 be favourable to 对……有利 be harmful to 对……有害
be different to 不同于 be similar to 相似,相似 be polite to 对……有礼貌
be rude to 对……无礼 be determined to 决定… be equal to 等于
be familiar to 对……所熟悉 be favourable to 对……有利 be harmful to 对……有害
be similar to 相似,相似 be polite to 对……有礼貌 be suitable to 适合
be rude to 对……无礼 be married to 与……结婚
⑧ adj. + with
be popular with 受……欢迎 be patient with 对……有耐心 be sick with 患病
be pleased with 对……喜欢 be crowded with 充满…… be content with 对……满足
be annoyed with 对……烦恼 be familiar with 精通,熟悉 be friendly with 与……友好
be nervous with 对……紧张 be satisfied with 对……满意
⑨ adj. + on
be dependant on 依靠 be keen on 热衷于…… be severe on 对……严格/严厉
知识点 3 介词和其它词的搭配
n.+prep. +n.
① n. +by+n.
side by side 肩并肩
step by step 一步一步地 one by one 一个接一个地
little by little 一点一点地 day by day 一天一天地
② n. + after +n.
day after day 日复一日地 year after year 复一年地
③ n. +in+n.
arm in arm 手挽手地 hand in hand 手牵手地 heart in ones mouth 提心吊胆
④ n. + to + n.
day to day 日常的 heart to heart 互相交心地 face to face 面对面地
back to back 背靠背地 shoulder to shoulder 肩并肩地
⑤ in +n. +of
in fear of 害怕 in charge of 负责 in honor of 为纪念,为庆祝
in memory of 为纪念 in need/want/demand of 需要 in place of 代替
in possession of 拥有 in search of 寻找 in case of 以防,万一
in control of 管理 in danger of 处于……的危险中 in terms of 就......而言
in respect of 关于,涉及 in spite of 尽管,虽然 in praise of 表扬
典例 1.(2024 年广东惠州高三一模)In addition to “Happy Loong”, the Gansu Provincial Museum offers stuffed
toys inspired the flying apsaras (飞天) of the Mogao Grottoes and the bronze galloping horse from the
Easter Han Dynasty (25-220), all of which combine rich history with Gen-Z appeal.
典例 2(. 2024 届河南省濮阳市高三二模)A birthday surprise is not easy to come by for 90-year-old Wong, having
lived through the majority of the length and breadth of human experience, but dressing up in traditional Chinese
hanfu this year came a welcome treat.
变式训练 1. An amateur naturalist came across a new species of orchid ______ other flowers in Tokyo.
变式训练 2In contrast ____ the opening ceremony, during the closing ceremony, athletes from all delegations
(代表团) entered the stadium together, mingling (交际) without regard to nationality.
一、 真题实战
1. (2024 年新高考 II 卷) I happen to know that Tang’s play The Peony Pavilion (《牡丹亭》) is similar in some
ways ______ Romeo and Juliet.”
2.(2024 年全国甲卷)What should be done with such a beautiful place They wondered out loud. This area,
with its unique and breathtaking natural beauty, must be well preserved ________all people of the nation
to enjoy—as a national park.
3.(2023 年新高考 II 卷) And who do they speak English ______
4.(2022 年全国乙卷)May 21st this year marks the first International Tea Day, which was named officially    
________the United Nations on November 27th, 2019.
5.(2019 年高考英语浙江卷)The answer ______ this question is not clear.
二、 命题演练
1.(2024 年湖南衡阳模拟预测)The annual CCTV Spring Festival gala was broadcast live on Feb 9, Lunar New
Year’s Eve, attracting 679 million viewers, a year-on-year increase of 12.69 percent.
2.(2024 年四川省攀枝花市高三统考)The Internet is filled AI text generators that can write essays that
look authentic enough to fool examiners.
3.(2024 年河南省开封市高三三模)The No. 2 shipwreck dates the rule of Emperor Hongzhi and
measures about 21 meters long and 8 meters wide.
4.(2024 届内蒙古呼和浩特市高三二模考试) Its surface is covered in panels that contain algae (藻类). The
panels capture heat the sun and convert it into energy that powers the building. The algae grow faster in
bright sunshine and provide shade.
5.(2024 年湖北荆州模拟预测)Zhangjiakou is becoming part of a comprehensive international trade corridor
following the opening of the railway route Europe and Central Asia.
6.(2024 年湖北黄冈模拟预测)The canyon is about 30 kilometers length, with the valley floor
being 3 to 4 hundred meters at its widest, while the narrowest part is only two or three meters.
7.(2024 年重庆高三三模试题)“Digital education in Zibo has just begun and there are still many new situations,
problems and challenges to deal .
8.(2024 年四川成都模拟预测) the numerous bronze statues there, this giant standing bronze figure,
measuring 260.8 centimeters in height, is the “highest” ruler.
9.(2024 江西省高三开学考试)Gui then pursued postdoctoral research overseas and published about 20 SCI
academic papers in top international journals. After returning to China, he received Beihang’s invitation to
teach_________ an associate professor.
10.(2024 年江苏镇江三模试题)“Hopefully, I can be of some help in inspiring more young people to find their
lifelong passion cultural heritage preservation,” said Song.

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