资源简介

第 08 讲 阅读理解议论文
目录
01 考情透视·目标导航 1
02 知识导图·思维引航 2
03 考点突破·考法探究 3
考点一 题型破解 3
知识点 1 文体特点 3
知识点 2 高分技巧 3
知识点 3 选项规律 4
知识点 4 解法要点 5
考点二 夹叙夹议文 5
考点三 议论文 7
04 真题练习·命题洞现
1.真题实战 10
2.命题演练 15
近三年阅读理解议论文考点细目
年份 卷别 主题语境 话题分类
新高考 I 卷 人与社会 纸质阅读与数字阅读、音频和视频学习方式的差异和效果
2024 北京卷 人与社会 讨论科学问题：宇宙是否是由计算机模拟生成的
浙江卷 1 月 人与自然 加拿大 Alberta 防雹千预计划之争
2023 全国乙卷 人与社会 物品纳入历史叙事以更好地理解无文字社会的重要性
全国甲卷 人与社会 悉尼发展中面临的问题
2022 北京卷 人与社会 量子计算真的会像它的宣传那样成功吗？
天津卷 人与社会 美好生活的秘诀
1. 掌握议论文的结构特点和命题形式。
复习 2. 掌握议论文的双管齐下阅读方式，侧重结构和内容两个方面。
目标 3.熟悉议论文中常考查的观点态度词中的难词。
考点一 题型破解
知识点 1 文体特点
议论文是一种剖析事物、论述事理、发表意见、提出主张的文体。这类文章或从正面提出某种见解，或驳斥别人的
错误观点，以说服读者同意自己的观点为主要目的。
分析近三年高考真题议论文可知，文章涉及的论题具有生活化的特征，与社会生活密切相关。从体裁特点看，议论
文有夹叙夹议文和议论文两种。
文章通常由论点、论据、论证三部分构成，论点是议论文的核心，即中心思想，是论据和论证的服务对象。论据是
作者所引用的用以支持和证明论点的材料，这些材料可以是名人名言、事实例证或统计数据等。论证是作者组织、运用
论据的手法。
结构特点：议论文说理性强，语言庄重，逻辑缜密，重点考查考生的思维能力和判断能力，常用难词、长词和复杂句，
给阅读理解带来一定的难度。
夹叙夹议类文章主要有三种类型: 1.先叙述作者的某一个生活经历或见闻，然后针对这一事件发表自己对生活的
看法，或揭示生活的真理。2. 作者先提出一种观点或看法，然后围绕这一观点或看法用具体的事例加以说明，有时也可
能是用几个事例从不同的侧面来说明。3. 提出一种观点或见解，然后用某一事例来阐述这一观点，最后再进一步地总结
和升华。
无论那种议论文，作者均通过摆事实、讲道理、辨是非的方法，来论证某种观点正确与否，肯定或否定某种主张。
即提出问题(引论)--分析问题(本论)一一解决问题(结论)”。
命题分布：常见的有细节理解题、推理判断题、主旨大意题、词义猜测题、情感态度题等题型。
难度分析：高考英语阅读理解中议论文说理性强，语言庄重，逻辑缜密，常用难词、长词和复杂句，，因此属于难度较
大的文章。命题人经常在长难句处设置命题点，遇到长难句，不可慌乱，耐心拆解出主干部分，再依次定位其修饰语，
如定语、状语等，便可化繁为简，读懂句意。
知识点 2 高分技巧
1. 双管齐下法：从结构和内容两方面同时入手，先通读全文，再区分事实和观点。
2. 关注标志词：句子间的逻辑关系和衔接手段不外乎列举、原因、结果、让步、对照、补充、目的、条件等。
表示列举的词:for example, for instance;表罗列的词:first，second, third， to begin with，to conclude;
表转折: however, but, whereas;
表原因: because, since，as;
表结果:so，therefore, thus, consequently, as a result;
表对照:on the contrary, by contrast, in comparison;
表目的: so that， in order that 等。
标志词就像指路牌一样，指明作者思路发展的方向和思路之间的逻辑联系。标志词前后的信息往往都是命题和答题的主
要线索或依据，因此，识别标志词对考生更快、更好地理解文章具有举足轻重的作用。
3. 把握长难句：议论文中的长难句常是命题点。遇到长难句，不可慌乱，耐心拆解出主干部分，再依次定位其修饰语，
如定语、状语等，便可化繁为简，读懂句意。
一 主旨大意题
1．首段出现疑问句时，对该问题的回答很可能就是文章主旨。
2．段落中出现表示转折的词语(如 however，but，in fact，actually 等)时，该句很可能是主题句。
文章大意题 3．作者不断重复的观点或高频词，通常是主旨；反复出现的词语，一般为体现文章主旨的关键词。
4．表示总结或结论的句子常包含 therefore，thus，in short，conclude，conclusion 等。
段落大意题 每个段落都有一个中心思想 ,且中心思想通常会在段落的首句或尾句体现出来 ,这个句子就是常说的段落主题句。
没有给出明显的主题句时 ,要根据段落内容概括出段落大意
1．概括性——准确而又简短；
2．针对性——标题外延正好与文章内容相符；
标题归纳题 3．醒目性——能引发读者的阅读欲望。
在提炼主旨大意的基础上关注上述好的标题的三大特征进行总结。
二 词义猜测题
1.根据定义或上下文解释进行猜测
2.根据同位关系进行猜测
3.根据构词法(前缀、后缀、派生等)进行猜测
4.根据因果关系进行猜测
5.根据上下文的指代关系进行猜测
6.根据同义或近义关系进行猜测
7.根据转折或对比关系进行猜测
三 推理判断题
议论文中的推理判断题务必以事实为依据，但其结构绝不是事实本身。主要考查考生的逻辑思维能力，侧重于推
理，但务必忠实于原文，且不可过度推断。
知识点 3 选项规律
干扰项特征 释义
将文章中出现的文中无关紧要或片面推出的结论，如某一处细节当作合理推
片面理解
断，实则是原文信息的简单重复，并不是推断出来的结论。
干扰项用了与文章中某一句话相似的句型结构和单词 ,却在考生易忽视的
偷梁换柱
地方换了几个单词 ,造成句意的改变
正误参半 选项内容 部分正确，部分错误。
解题时将自己的观点或社会的一种普遍性倾向而文中并无关系的观点当成作
无中生有 者的观点。干扰项往往是基本的生活常识或普遍认可的观点 ,但在文章中并
无相关的信息支撑点。
主观臆断 根据现实生活常识推断。虽然符合考生的常识，但文中并没有支撑的依据。
构词法干扰（词义猜词题） 指片面地从构词法的角度猜测、思考，不考虑上下文语境，望词生义；
拘泥于字面意思（词义猜词题） 根据所学过的熟词意义常使考生觉得画线词义背过而忽略上下文主观臆断。
过度推断 对文章信息强加自己的理解，脱离文章过度推断或主观臆断。
知识点 4 解法要点
类型一 演绎论证议论文
是从已知的一般原理，规律出发，推知个别事物本质的论证方法。该类文体一般先提出一个总论点，然后分别进行
论述，分析各个分论点，最后得出结论。
类型二 归纳论证议论文
是一种由个别到一般的论证方法。它通过许多个别的事例或分论点，然后归纳出它们所共有的特性，从而得出一个一般性
的结论。
类型三 比较论证议论文
是一种由个别到个别的论证方法。通常分为类比法和对比法两类。类比法是将性质或特点在某一方面相同或相近的
不同事物加以比较而引出结论的方法。对比法是通过性质或特点在某一方面相反或对立的不同事物的比较来证明论点的
方法。
考点二 夹叙夹议文
典例 1.（2024·江苏泰州·模拟预测）How long will it take you to read this article On average, adults read about 240 words a
minute, but I always take longer. I should probably feel embarrassed-but instead, I take joy in it.
I got the habit of reading for pleasure from my mum. Reading is what I do first thing in the morning and last thing at night.
But it’s always taken me a long time. When I started reviewing books, I was averaging 20 pages an hour. I have improved to about
30 pages, but that’s still slow, according to some literary critics.
Book reviewers aren’t the only ones under pressure to read quickly. Pictures of “all the books I read this month” are all over
social media. And reading has become a way of keeping up with the world. It is understandable that we try to make sense of
events, but it can also fuel the idea that reading is a chore (苦差事), which it absolutely is not.
Why would pleasure be equal to pace My slow reading seems to be down to a combination of slower processing speeds,
and “subvocalising” — sounding out words as I read them. But especially when it comes to the latter, I wouldn’t want to train
myself to go faster. It was news to me that not everyone subvocalises, because one of my favourite things about reading is hearing
the language in my mind. Without subvocalising, I wouldn’t have caught the music of those words.
Recently, I finished a book of poetry. For two years, I read the poems each morning in the four minutes it took my coffee to
be ready. It was a wonderful reminder that reading is never about quantity and always about the quality of time you spend with a
text.
So when you read, don’t stick a number on it ---- resolve to read for pleasure, not as a chore.
1．Why does the author like slow reading
A．It wins her fame online. B．It is a delightful practice.
C．It comes from her mom. D．It helps her reach goals.
2．What do fast readers focus on
A．Quantity. B．Quality. C．Content. D．Sound.
3．What do the underlined words “the latter” in paragraph 4 refer to
A．Slower processing speeds.
B．Learning language.
C．Combining speeds and sounds.
D．Reading words out.
4．What would the author agree with
A．Reading is a demanding task.
B．Pace equals reading pleasure.
C．Beauty of words needs tasting.
D．Poetry takes no effort to digest.
【解析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲的是阅读的速度与乐趣之间的关系，以及作者对于慢阅读的享受和坚持。
作者提到自己虽然阅读速度较慢，但乐在其中，并且从妈妈那里养成了为乐趣而阅读的习惯。根据夹叙夹议文的文体特
点和阅读技能及选项特征解题即可。
1．推理判断题。根据第一段“On average, adults read about 240 words a minute, but I always take longer. I should probably feel
embarrassed-but instead, I take joy in it.(成年人平均每分钟阅读 240 个单词，但我总是花更多的时间。我可能会感到尴尬，
但我却乐在其中)”可推知，作者喜欢慢读是因为这是一种令人愉快的做法。故选 B。
2．推理判断题。根据第三段“Pictures of “all the books I read this month” are all over social media.(社交媒体上到处都是“我这
个月读过的所有书”的照片)”和倒数第二段“It was a wonderful reminder that reading is never about quantity and always about
the quality of time you spend with a text.(这是一个很好的提醒，阅读不在于阅读的数量，而在于阅读时间的质量)”可推知，
快速阅读者关注数量。故选 A。
3．词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“My slow reading seems to be down to a combination of slower processing speeds, and
“subvocalising” — sounding out words as I read them.(我的阅读速度慢似乎是由于处理速度较慢和“默读”——在阅读时读出
单词)”和“But especially when it comes to the latter(但特别是当涉及到后者时)”可知，the latter 指的是“在阅读时读出单词”，
即 Reading words out。故选 D。
4．推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“It was news to me that not everyone subvocalises, because one of my favourite things about
reading is hearing the language in my mind. Without subvocalising, I wouldn’t have caught the music of those words.(对我来说，
并不是每个人都能默读，因为我最喜欢阅读的一件事就是在脑海中听到语言。如果没有默念，我就听不出这些话的音乐)”
可推知，作者可能会同意的是语言之美需要品尝。故选 C。
考点三 议论文
典例 1（. 23-24 高三·江苏泰州·期中）For most of human history, we have been very good observers because we had to be.
We used all of our senses—touch, smell, taste, hearing, and sight—to detect and discern. The sudden sounds of animals or the
running of birds warned us that someone was approaching. At a distance, by examining posture, way of walking, arms wing,
clothing, and equipment, our ancestors could discern friend from foe (敌人).
As generations evolved and eventually moved to cities, closeness changed how we viewed and assessed each other.
Because everyone was so close, we had less time to observe. Close quarters and circumstances demanded we interact on first
meeting rather than later. This was the opposite of what we had done for thousands of years, which was to assess first at a distance
and then interact. Closeness also made us more sensitive to being observed, which is why we are uncomfortable when others stare
at us.
Have we allowed ourselves to become careless when it comes to our own safety and that of our loved ones I see people
distracted while driving (applying makeup or texting). Or someone knocks at the front door and we open it without first seeing
who is there and asking what they want Perhaps, in an attempt to be polite, we have ended our responsibility to ourselves, and
each other, to be good observers.
We should all look around and listen to our inner voice, which is in fact the limbic (边缘的) brain telling us to be careful
that something is wrong, as security special it Gavin de Becker pointed out in The Gift of Fear, So often, after an encounter or a
relationship turns problematic, one hears, “You know I had a feeling, in the beginning, that something wasn’t right.”
However failure to observe, if we are honest, leads to avoidable circumstances as well as accidents, How we feel about
something often completes the picture so that we can fully understand it Anyway, it is never too late to start observing.
Observation is not about being judgmental, it is not about good or bad. It is about seeing the world around you, having situational
awareness, and interpreting what it is that others are communication both verbally and nonverbally. To observe is to see but also
to understand, and that requires listening to how you feel.
1．What does the underlined word “discern” in paragraph 1 mean
A．Disclose. B．Discover. C．Distinguish. D．Disguise.
2．Why did we spend less time observing
A．Observing involves too much and is complicated.
B．We felt uneasy when others were staring at us.
C．We got more sensitive to others’ observation.
D．Closeness required people to communicate on first meeting.
3．Possibly for what have we given up being good observers
A．Being careless. B．Avoiding rudeness.
C．Paying no attention. D．Being irresponsible.
4．What is the best title
A．Be good observers B．Discern friend from foe
C．Care about our safety D．Start observing now
【答案】1．C 2．D 3．B 4．A
【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了人类历史上作为观察者的角色以及在现代社会中我们是否变得粗心大意，忽
略了观察的重要性。
1．词句猜测题。根据上文“We used all of our senses—touch, smell, taste, hearing, and sight—to detect and discern.(我们用我们
所有的感官——触觉、嗅觉、味觉、听觉和视觉——来探测和辨别。)”可知，我们的祖先通过观察动物的姿势、走路方式、
手臂的摆动、穿着和装备等，可以区分敌人和朋友。因此，这里的“discern”指的是“区分、辨别”的意思，与选项
C“distinguish”意思相符。故选 C。
2．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“As generations evolved and eventually moved to cities, closeness changed how we viewed and
assessed each other. Because everyone was so close, we had less time to observe. Close quarters and circumstances demanded we
interact on first meeting rather than later.(随着世代的演变，人们最终迁移到城市，人与人之间的亲近改变了我们看待和评估
彼此的方式。因为每个人都靠得很近，所以我们没有那么多时间去观察。狭小的空间和环境要求我们第一次见面就进行
互动，而不是等到以后。)”可知，我们花费更少的时间观察是因为距离上的拉近要求我们第一次见面就进行交流。故选
D。
3．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Perhaps, in an attempt to be polite, we have ended our responsibility to ourselves, and each
other, to be good observers.(也许，为了表示礼貌，我们放弃了对自己和他人作为优秀观察者的责任。)”可知，我们放弃成
为好的观察者可能是为了避免粗鲁。故选 B。
4．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要讨论了人类历史上作为观察者的角色以及在现代社会中我们是否变得粗心大意，
忽略了观察的重要性。文章最后也强调了观察的重要性，提醒我们要成为好的观察者。因此，最好的标题是“Be good
observers”（成为好的观察者）。故选 A。
典例 2.（23-24 高三·江西赣州·期中） The 3D Dinosaur
John Simpson
Call me the youngest dinosaur in the world. Not the kind who attacks you in a 3D movie. The other kind: a dinosaur of
old-fashioned opinion. How old-fashioned Let’s just say I consider 3D physically dangerous, economically greedy, artistically
self-defeating and imaginatively silly.
That kind of dinosaur.
When you watch a 3D film, your brain receives two slightly different 2D images and is forced to make sense of them by
combining them into one. The immediate result of this combination is an enhanced sense of apparent depth (the “third”
dimension). The not-so-immediate result is, for at least 15 percent of us, eye strain, headaches and a dangerous dis-orientation (定
向障碍). These risks are greatest for children and teenagers. It is even possible that children will develop permanent problems
with depth perception (感知) if they are over-exposed to 3D．
Why do film-makers bring about these risks on us So they can charge us extra at the ticket office. Who wins out of this
Not us. So who does The film-makers themselves
They might think they do, but they should think again. If 3D becomes the new standard, we will see a shift in the kind of
films that are made. Setting and action take over. Character, relationships and plot become weaker. No film that lacks the promise
of a 3D thrill will even find the financial backing to be made. So stand back, all you serious film-makers, and make room for kids’
movies and animation.
But the most annoying thing about 3D is that it is not necessary. There is already depth in 2D media. The imagination finds
it there. If we depend on special glasses to find it, we have already begun to replace the wonders of imagination with the tricks of
technology.
I heard a child leaving a cinema recently announce, “I wish life was 3D!”That should be sad, not just to us dinosaurs, but to
everyone.
5．What kind of dinosaur does John Simpson claim to be
A．The kind that is youthful and creative. B．The kind that is found in many forms.
C．The kind that disapproves of new ideas. D．The kind that appears in many popular films.
6．Why are the incomplete sentences used in the first two paragraphs
A．They make people feel the language of a debate.
B．They cast doubt on John Simpson’s credibility.
C．They suggest John Simpson is a hesitant character.
D．They show that the subject of the text is not serious.
7．Which aspect of 3D films does the text emphasize most strongly
A．The cost of production. B．The number of films made.
C．The effect on audiences. D．The special skills of film-makers.
8．What does the author claim to find most disturbing about 3D films
A．They make people feel unwell. B．Their ticket prices are too high.
C．They lead to a loss of imagination. D．They reduce the range of films available.
【答案】5．C 6．A 7．C 8．C
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。作者 John Simpson 自称是一个守旧的人，他强烈反对 3D 电影的发展，他认为这种电影形式
不仅对观众的健康有害，而且破坏了电影的艺术价值，其背后的商业动机更是让人无法接受。
5．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Call me the youngest dinosaur in the world. Not the kind who attacks you in a 3D movie. The
other kind: a dinosaur of old-fashioned opinion. How old-fashioned Let’s just say I consider 3D physically dangerous,
economically greedy, artistically self-defeating and imaginatively silly. (叫我世界上最年轻的恐龙吧。不是那种在 3D 电影里攻
击你的人。另一种是守旧观念的恐龙。老式的如何？这么说吧，我认为 3D 在物理上是危险的，在经济上是贪婪的，在艺
术上是自我挫败的，在想象力上是愚蠢的。)”可知，他自称为观点守旧的恐龙，即那种对新观念持反对态度的人。故选
C。
6．推理判断题。第一、二段文中使用了很多不完整的句子，如第一段中的“Call me the youngest dinosaur in the world. Not the
kind who attacks you in a 3D movie. The other kind: a dinosaur of old-fashioned opinion. How old-fashioned (叫我世界上最年
轻的恐龙吧。不是那种在 3D 电影里攻击你的人。另一种是守旧观念的恐龙。老式的如何？)”和第二段“That kind of dinosaur.
(那种恐龙。)”可知，这是一种辩论式的表达方式，这种方式可以制造悬念，增强文章的节奏感，突出作者对于 3D 电影的
反感态度，让读者感受到他的坚定和强烈情感。同时，这种风格也符合作者自称的守旧形象，加深了文章的主题和氛围。
这些不完整的句子让人们感受到辩论的语言。故选 A。
7．推理判断题。根据第三段“When you watch a 3D film, your brain receives two slightly different 2D images and is forced to
make sense of them by combining them into one. The immediate result of this combination is an enhanced sense of apparent depth
(the “third” dimension). The not-so-immediate result is, for at least 15 percent of us, eye strain, headaches and a dangerous
dis-orientation (定向障碍). These risks are greatest for children and teenagers. It is even possible that children will develop
permanent problems with depth perception (感知) if they are over-exposed to 3D.(当你看一部 3D 电影时，你的大脑接收到两个
略有不同的 2D 图像，并被迫通过将它们组合成一个来理解它们。这种组合的直接结果是增强了表面深度感（“第三”维
度）。对至少 15%的人来说，不那么直接的结果是眼睛疲劳、头痛和危险的定向障碍。这些风险对儿童和青少年来说最
大。如果孩子们过度接触 3D，甚至可能会出现永久性的深度感知问题。)”可知，文章最强调的方面是 3D 电影对观众的
危害和影响，包括增强感知的深度、眼疲劳、头痛和定向障碍等。故选 C。
8．推理判断题。根据第六段“But the most annoying thing about 3D is that it is not necessary. There is already depth in 2D media.
The imagination finds it there. If we depend on special glasses to find it, we have already begun to replace the wonders of
imagination with the tricks of technology.(但是 3D 最让人讨厌的地方在于它并不是必需的。2D 媒体已经有了深度。想象力
在那里找到了它。如果我们依靠特殊的眼镜来寻找它，我们已经开始用技术的技巧取代想象的奇迹。)”可知，我们已经开
始用科技的噱头取代想象力的奇迹，即 3D 电影会导致想象力的丧失。故选 C。
一、 真题实战
1.（2024 新课标 I 卷）
Is comprehension the same whether a person reads a text onscreen or on paper And are listening to and viewing content as
effective as reading the written word when covering the same material The answers to both questions are often “no.” The reasons
relate to a variety of factors, including reduced concentration, an entertainment mindset (心态) and a tendency to multitask while
consuming digital content.
When reading texts of several hundred words or more, learning is generally more successful when it’s on paper than
onscreen. A large amount of research confirms this finding. The benefits of print reading particularly shine through when
experimenters move from posing simple tasks – like identifying the main idea in a reading passage – to ones that require mental
abstraction – such as drawing inferences from a text.
The differences between print and digital reading results are partly related to paper’s physical properties. With paper, there is
a literal laying on of hands, along with the visual geography of distinct pages. People often link their memory of what they’ve read
to how far into the book it was or where it was on the page.
But equally important is the mental aspect. Reading researchers have proposed a theory called “shallowing hypothesis (假
说).” According to this theory, people approach digital texts with a mindset suited to social media, which are often not so serious,
and devote less mental effort than when they are reading print.
Audio (音频) and video can feel more engaging than text, and so university teachers increasingly turn to these technologies –
say, assigning an online talk instead of an article by the same person. However, psychologists have demonstrated that when adults
read news stories, they remember more of the content than if they listen to or view identical pieces.
Digital texts, audio and video all have educational roles, especially when providing resources not available in print. However,
for maximizing learning where mental focus and reflection are called for, educators shouldn’t assume all media are the same, even
when they contain identical words.
28. What does the underlined phrase “shine through” in paragraph 2 mean
A. Seem unlikely to last. B. Seem hard to explain.
C. Become ready to use. D. Become easy to notice.
29. What does the shallowing hypothesis assume
A. Readers treat digital texts lightly.
B. Digital texts are simpler to understand.
C. People select digital texts randomly.
D. Digital texts are suitable for social media.
30. Why are audio and video increasingly used by university teachers
A. They can hold students’ attention.
B. They are more convenient to prepare.
C. They help develop advanced skills.
D. They are more informative than text.
31. What does the author imply in the last paragraph
A. Students should apply multiple learning techniques.
B. Teachers should produce their own teaching material.
C. Print texts cannot be entirely replaced in education.
D. Education outside the classroom cannot be ignored.
【答案】28. D 29. A 30. A 31. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是议论文。主要讨论了纸质阅读与数字阅读、音频和视频学习方式的差异和效果。
28.词句猜测题。根据前文“When reading texts of several hundred words or more, learning is generally more successful when it’s
on paper than onscreen. A large amount of research confirms this finding.(当阅读几百字或更多的文本时，在纸上学习通常比在
屏幕上学习更成功。大量的研究证实了这一发现)”可知，在纸上学习更有成效，以及后文“when experimenters move from
posing simple tasks — like identifying the main idea in a reading passage — to ones that require mental abstraction — such as
drawing inferences from a text.(当实验人员从提出简单的任务(如识别阅读文章的主旨)转移到需要思维抽象的任务(如从文
本中推断)时)”推知，此处应是表达“当实验者从简单的任务转向需要精神抽象的任务时，纸质阅读的益处就变得显而易见”
之意，所以 shine through 应是“显而易见”之意，和 D 项意思相近。故选 D 项。
29.推理判断题。根据第四段“But equally important is the mental aspect. Reading researchers have proposed a theory called
“shallowing hypothesis (假说 )”. According to this theory, people approach digital texts with a mindset suited to social media,
which are often not so serious, and devote less mental effort than when they are reading print.(但同样重要的是精神层面。阅读研
究人员提出了一个名为“shallowing hypothesis”的理论。根据这一理论，人们以适合社交媒体的心态接触数字文本，这些文
本通常不那么严肃，与阅读印刷品时相比，投入的精神努力也更少)”可知，shallowing hypothesis 假设读者在阅读数字文
本时会持有一种轻松的心态，不会像阅读纸质书籍那样投入太多的心理努力。故选 A 项。
30.细节理解题。根据第五段“Audio (音频) and video can feel more engaging than text, and so university teachers increasingly
turn to these technologies — say, assigning an online talk instead of an article by the same person.(音频和视频可能比文本更具
吸引力，因此大学教师越来越多地转向这些技术，例如分配在线讲座而不是同一作者的文章)”可知，音频和视频比文本更
能吸引学生的注意力，所以大学教师越来越多地使用这些技术。故选 A 项。
31.推理判断题。根据最后一段“Digital texts, audio and video all have educational roles, especially when providing resources not
available in print. However, for maximizing learning where mental focus and reflection are called for, educators shouldn’t assume
all media are the same, even when they contain identical words.(数字文本、音频和视频都具有教育作用，尤其是在提供印刷
品中无法获得的资源时。然而，为了在需要精神集中和反思的情况下最大限度地学习，教育工作者不应假定所有媒体都
是相同的，即使它们包含相同的单词)”可知，尽管数字文本、音频和视频在教育中有一定作用，但当需要精神集中和反思
以最大化学习时，教育者不应假定所有媒体都是相同的，即使它们包含相同的单词。这表明作者认为纸质文本在教育中
的作用仍然不可替代，因此暗示纸质文本在教育中的重要性。故选 C 项。
2.（2021 全国甲卷）
Who is a genius This question has greatly interested humankind for centuries.
Let's state clearly: Einstein was a genius. His face is almost the international symbol for genius. But we want to go beyond
one man and explore the nature of genius itself. Why is it that some people are so much more intelligent or creative than the rest
of us And who are they
In the sciences and arts, those praised as geniuses were most often white men, of European origin. Perhaps this is not a
surprise. It's said that history is written by the victors, and those victors set the standards for admission to the genius club. When
contributions were made by geniuses outside the club—women, or people of a different color or belief—they were
unacknowledged and rejected by others.
A study recently published by Science found that as young as age six, girls are less likely than boys to say that members of
their gender (性别) are “really, really smart.” Even worse, the study found that girls act on that belief: Around age six they start to
avoid activities said to be for children who are “really, really smart.” Can our planet afford to have any great thinkers become
discouraged and give up It doesn't take a genius to know the answer: absolutely not.
Here's the good news. In a wired world with constant global communication, we're all positioned to see flashes of genius
wherever they appear. And the more we look, the more we will see that social factors(因素)like gender, race, and class do not
determine the appearance of genius. As a writer says, future geniuses come from those with “intelligence, creativity, perseverance
(毅力), and simple good fortune, who are able to change the world.”
12. What does the author think of victors' standards for joining the genius club
A. They're unfair.
B. They're conservative.
C. They're objective.
D. They're strict.
13. What can we infer about girls from the study in Science
A. They think themselves smart.
B. They look up to great thinkers.
C. They see gender differences earlier than boys.
D. They are likely to be influenced by social beliefs
14. Why are more geniuses known to the public
A. Improved global communication.
B. Less discrimination against women.
C. Acceptance of victors' concepts.
D. Changes in people's social positions.
15. What is the best title for the text
A. Geniuses Think Alike
B. Genius Takes Many Forms
C. Genius and Intelligence
D. Genius and Luck
【答案】12-15 ADAB
【导读】这是一篇议论文。文章由问题“谁是天才？”引入，论述了世人对天才的狭隘定义，提出事实上“天才”有很多种形
式，不要让思维限制了我们的“天才”能力。
12. A。推理判断题。根据第三段的“It is said that history is written by victors, and those victors set the standards for admission to
the genius club. When contributions were made by geniuses outside the club-women, or people of a different color or belief-they
were unacknowledged and rejected by others.( 据说历史是由胜利者书写的，而那些胜利者为进入天才俱乐部设定了标准。
当俱乐部以外的天才——女性或不同肤色或信仰的人——做出贡献时，他们不会被承认并且被其他人拒绝)”可推知，作者
认为那些“胜利者”对进入“天才俱乐部”设置的标准是不公平的，因为女性或者不同肤色或信仰的人做出的成就是得不到承
认的。
13. D。推理判断题。根据第四段的“Even worse, the study found that girls act on that belief. Around age six they start to avoid
activities said to be for children who are “really, really smart.”(更糟糕的是，研究发现女孩们是按照这个信念行事的。六岁左
右，她们开始避免那些据说是“非常非常聪明”的孩子参加的活动)”可推知，女孩容易受到社会信仰的影响，认为自己在六
岁左右就不适合做“聪明孩子”做的事情。
14. A。细节理解题。根据最后一段的“In a wired world with constant global communication, we’re all positioned to see flashes of
genius wherever they appear.( 在一个全球通讯不断的有线世界里，我们随时随地都能看到天才的闪现)”可知，进步的全球
通讯让更多的天才被公众所知道。
15. B。主旨大意题。根据文章的主要内容，结合文章第一段提出问题“Who is a genius（ 谁是天才）”和最后一段的“As a writer
says, future geniuses come from those with “intelligence, creativity, perseverance, and simple geniuses, who are able to change
the world.”(正如一位作家所说，未来的天才来自那些具有“智慧、创造力、毅力和那些能够改变世界的简单天才。”)”可知，
天才不一定是那些有巨大贡献的人，他们也可以是某一方面比较突出的普通人。由此可知 B 项“天才有多种形式”可以作
为本文最佳标题。
3.（2021 新课标 I 卷）
Popularization has in some cases changed the original meaning of emotional (情感的 ) intelligence. Many people now
misunderstand emotional intelligence as almost everything desirable in a person’s makeup that cannot be measured by an IQ test,
such as character, motivation, confidence, mental stability, optimism and “people skills.” Research has shown that emotional skills
may contribute to some of these qualities, but most of them move far beyond skill-based emotional intelligence.
We prefer to describe emotional intelligence as a specific set of skills that can be used for either good or bad purposes. The
ability to accurately understand how others are feeling may be used by a doctor to find how best to help her patients, while a
cheater might use it to control potential victims. Being emotionally intelligent does not necessarily make one a moral person.
Although popular beliefs regarding emotional intelligence run far ahead of what research can reasonably support, the overall
effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful. The most positive aspect of this popularization is a new and much
needed emphasis ( 重 视 ) on emotion by employers, educators and others interested in promoting social well-being. The
popularization of emotional intelligence has helped both the public and researchers re-evaluate the functionality of emotions and
how they serve people adaptively in everyday life.
Although the continuing popular appeal of emotional intelligence is desirable, we hope that such attention will excite a
greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study of emotion. It is our hope that in coming decades, advances in science will
offer new perspectives (视角) from which to study how people manage their lives. Emotional intelligence, with its focus on both
head and heart, may serve to point us in the right direction.
32. What is a common misunderstanding of emotional intelligence
A. It can be measured by an IQ test.
B. It helps to exercise a person's mind.
C. It includes a set of emotional skills.
D. It refers to a person’s positive qualities.
33. Why does the author mention “doctor” and “cheater” in paragraph 2
A. To explain a rule.
B. To clarify a concept.
C. To present a fact.
D. To make a prediction.
34. What is the author's attitude to the popularization of emotional intelligence
A. Favorable. B. Intolerant. C. Doubtful. D. Unclear.
35. What does the last paragraph mainly talk about concerning emotional intelligence
A. Its appeal to the public.
B. Expectations for future studies.
C. Its practical application.
D. Scientists with new perspectives.
【答案】322-35 DBAB
【导读】本文是一篇议论文。主要论述了什么是情商以及情商普及的优势，并表达了作者自己的观点，同时提出了对情
商研究的未来期望。
32. D。细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Many people now misunderstand emotional intelligence as almost everything desirable in a
person’s makeup that cannot be measured by an IQ test, such as character, motivation, confidence, mental stability, optimism and
‘people skills’.”可知，许多人误把情商理解为一个人的性格中无法被智商测试所衡量的几乎可取的一切，也就是指一个人
的积极的品质。
33. B。推理判断题。第二段首句“We prefer to describe emotional intelligence as a specific set of skills that can be used for either
good or bad purposes.”是介绍情商的概念。由此推断出提到的“医生”和“骗子”是对这一概念的解释。
34. A。推理判断题。根据题干中的“the author’s attitude to the popularization of emotional intelligence”可定位到第三段。根
据第三段的首句 “Although popular beliefs regarding emotional intelligence run far ahead of what research can reasonably
support, the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful.”可知，作者认为情商普及利大于弊。又根
据“The most positive aspect of this popularization...”和“The popularization of emotional intelligence has helped...”可知，作者对
于情商普及是赞成的。
35. B。主旨大意题。根据最后一段中的“Although the continuing popular appeal of emotional intelligence is desirable, we hope
that such attention will excite a greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study of emotion.”可知，虽然情商的持续流行吸引
力是可取的，但我们希望这种关注能引起人们对情感的科学研究和学术研究的更大的兴趣。又根据下文的“It is our hope
that in coming decades, advances in science will offer new perspectives (视角) from which to study how people manage their
lives.”可知，我们希望在未来的数十年后，科学的进步提供新的视角来研究人们如何管理他们的生活。由此可知，这些是
对未来研究的期望。
二、 命题演练
1.（2024·辽宁·模拟预测）“Quick, quick, slow, slow,” my husband said as I was trying to focus. We frequently stepped on
each other’s feet. Both of us were being rhythmically challenged, and we figured a series of lessons might help us look somewhat
elegant on the floor. However, it didn’t.
It didn’t matter that the lessons didn’t pay off. Our learning something new together gave us a string of good memories,
such as taking a Thai cooking class on a cold Chicago night and learning how to make classic cocktails (鸡尾酒) in a common bar.
These experiences are my best memories from the past 10 years. We always have such a great time when we’re trying something
new together. It seems to have strengthened our relationship, and makes me feel like we have a closer connection.
It turns out that my theory is backed by research. One study shows that learning new things with your spouse (配偶 ),
friends, or partners, can strengthen your connection or friendship. But how exactly does this work The key is vulnerability (弱点).
“Learning new things together strengthens bonds because it is at those moments that we can show our vulnerability to one
another,” says Dr. Hisla Bates. When we are learning a new task, misfortunes and failures are bound to happen. In those moments
when we fail, the other party can be there in favor of us. We can work together to find a solution, and working together helps
deepen the connection.
The benefits gained from learning new things with your partner can come from activities as small as hiking, trying a new
recipe, going boating in the local lake or taking a fitness class together. You don’t have to go bungee jumping or skydiving to
grow closer. Try selecting activities that both partners are unfamiliar with, as this will ensure you’re on the same page.
Trying to learn something new together once a month will benefit you and your spouse or friends. Overall, some of my best
memories with my husband are the moments when we are learning something new together.
1．What were the author and her husband doing in Paragraph 1
A．Playing sports. B．Practising dancing.
C．Teaching lessons. D．Taking a walk.
2．What can we learn from the author’s experiences
A．Practice makes perfect.
B．Good memories last a long time.
C．Processes matter more than results.
D．Well begun is half done.
3．Why does learning new things together strengthen partners’ relationship
A．It can encourage them to teach and praise each other.
B．It helps improve the understanding of each other.
C．It can reduce each other’s loneliness and boredom.
D．It helps find each other’s weaknesses and offer support.
4．What’s the best title for the text
A．The power of learning new things together
B．The advantages of taking different lessons
C．The challenge of acquiring new knowledge
D．The importance of improving people’s bonds
【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．A
【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者通过讲述自己和丈夫经常一起学习新东西的经历并结合科学研究发现论述了自己的
观点——一起尝试学习一些新东西有利于加深亲密关系。
1．推理判断题。根据第一段前两句““Quick, quick, slow, slow,” my husband said as I was trying to focus. We frequently stepped
on each other’s feet.(“快，快，慢，慢。”我丈夫在我努力集中注意力的时候说。我们经常互相踩对方的脚。)”可知，第一
段中作者和丈夫在练习跳舞。故选 B。
2．细节理解题。根据第二段第一句到第三句“It didn’t matter that the lessons didn’t pay off. Our learning something new
together gave us a string of good memories, such as taking a Thai cooking class on a cold Chicago night and learning how to make
classic cocktails (鸡尾酒) in a common bar. These experiences are my best memories from the past 10 years.(这些教训没有得到
回报并不重要。我们一起学习新的东西给我们带来了一系列美好的回忆，比如在芝加哥一个寒冷的夜晚上泰国烹饪课，
在一家普通酒吧学习如何制作经典鸡尾酒。这些经历是我过去 10 年最美好的回忆。)”可知，从作者的经历中可以了解到
过程比结果更重要。故选 C。
3．细节理解题。根据第三段第三句到最后一句“But how exactly does this work The key is vulnerability (弱点). “Learning new
things together strengthens bonds because it is at those moments that we can show our vulnerability to one another,” says Dr.
Hisla Bates. When we are learning a new task, misfortunes and failures are bound to happen. In those moments when we fail, the
other party can be there in favor of us. We can work together to find a solution, and working together helps deepen the
connection.(但这究竟是如何起作用的呢？关键是弱点。海斯拉·贝茨博士说：“一起学习新事物加强了我们之间的联系，因
为正是在这些时刻，我们可以向彼此展示我们的弱点。”当我们学习一项新任务时，不幸和失败是不可避免的。当我们失
败的时候，另一方会支持我们。我们可以共同努力寻找解决方案，共同努力有助于加深联系。)”可知，一起学习新事物能
加强伴侣之间的关系是因为这有助于发现彼此的弱点并提供支持。故选 D。
4.．主旨大意题。根据第二段“It didn’t matter that the lessons didn’t pay off. Our learning something new together gave us a string
of good memories, such as taking a Thai cooking class on a cold Chicago night and learning how to make classic cocktails (鸡尾
酒) in a common bar. These experiences are my best memories from the past 10 years. We always have such a great time when
we’re trying something new together. It seems to have strengthened our relationship, and makes me feel like we have a closer
connection.(这些教训没有得到回报并不重要。我们一起学习新的东西给我们带来了一系列美好的回忆，比如在芝加哥寒
冷的夜晚上泰国烹饪课，在一家普通酒吧学习如何制作经典鸡尾酒。这些经历是我过去 10 年最美好的回忆。我们一起尝
试新事物的时候总是很开心。这似乎加强了我们的关系，让我觉得我们有了更紧密的联系。)”和最后一段“Trying to learn
something new together once a month will benefit you and your spouse or friends. Overall, some of my best memories with my
husband are the moments when we are learning something new together.(每个月一起尝试学习一些新东西对你和你的配偶或
朋友都有好处。总的来说，我和我丈夫最美好的回忆就是我们一起学习新东西的时刻。)”可知，作者主要是想阐明一起尝
试学习一些新东西有利于加深亲密关系。故选 A。
2.（2024·山西太原·高三统考期末）
Taking an end-of-season break sounds simple, right You may think a carefree week spent on a beach is what’s most desired.
But actually most athletes would spend hours trying to convince their coaches that they really don't need to rest at all,
subsequently filling up all of their given time with as many replacement activities as possible.
This year I was given a week’s holiday by my coach to enjoy absolute relaxation. For the first three days I remained happily
wrapped up in the satisfaction of my last race result, embracing pajama days, taking all morning just to have breakfast and using
my spare time to socialize more than I usually do. I was enjoying it, and yet···All this resting made me feel restless. Then came
Thursday. I laced up my shoes and headed back to the track.
The simple part of resting is the physical act of it, but given that I usually train with focus and tension, learning to check out
mentally doesn’t always come naturally after a season, especially when I’m on holiday. After a season with good results, some
well-meaning people excitedly ask “What's next ” It can wander in my mind and raise doubt over what I should be doing
according to other people’s opinions.
In this case I talked to some experienced athletes and raised my concern, one of whom suggested establishing a general
outline of the next season’s goals prior to holidays. I find it helpful, not only preventing me from feeling rushed to get back into
workouts too soon and giving a sense of purpose to the rest itself, but also ensuring that I will not spend my break making plans
but allow my mind to rest too.
We all fear losing the fitness and the achievements that we worked so hard to gain, but in reality, taking the appropriate rest
and knowing how to take it is a help. Here’s hoping that I’ll get the balance next year. But if I didn’t, at least I would enjoy
myself.
5．What do most athletes do during a holiday after a season
A．Negotiate with coaches. B．Do alternative workouts.
C．Enjoy absolute relaxation. D．Travel to a seaside destination.
6．What can we infer about the author’s holiday from paragraph 2
A．It was carefully arranged. B．It followed the coach’s plan.
C．It was ended ahead of schedule. D．It was interrupted by unexpected tasks.
7．What is the author’s real need during the break time
A．Mind rest. B．Physical recovery.
C．Time management. D．Professional guidance.
8．What can be a suitable title for the text
A．Secrets to Winning on Tracks
B．Plans for Next Season’s Training
C．End-of-season Break: A New Beginning
D．From Legs to Brain: True Relaxation for Athletes
【答案】5．B 6．C 7．A 8．D
【导语】本文是夹叙夹议文。文章主要讨论了运动员在赛季结束后如何休息的话题，作者通过自己的经历和与其他运动
员的交流，提出了对于如何正确休息的看法和建议。
5．细节理解题。根据第一段“But actually most athletes would spend hours trying to convince their coaches that they really don't
need to rest at all, subsequently filling up all of their given time with as many replacement activities as possible.(但实际上，大多
数运动员会花几个小时试图说服他们的教练，他们真的根本不需要休息，然后用尽可能多的替代活动填满他们所有的时
间)”可知，大多数运动员在赛季结束后的假期都做一些另类的锻炼。故选 B 项。
6．推理判断题。根据第二段“This year I was given a week’s holiday by my coach to enjoy absolute relaxation. For the first three
days I remained happily wrapped up in the satisfaction of my last race result, embracing pajama days, taking all morning just to
have breakfast and using my spare time to socialize more than I usually do. I was enjoying it, and yet···All this resting made me
feel restless. Then came Thursday. I laced up my shoes and headed back to the track.(今年教练给了我一周的假期，让我好好放
松一下。前三天，我一直沉浸在对最后一场比赛成绩的满意中，享受着穿着睡衣的日子，整个上午只吃早餐，利用业余
时间比平时更多地参加社交活动。我很享受，但这一切让我感到不安。然后到了星期四。我系好鞋带，回到跑道上)”可推
知，作者有一周的假期，但是在第四天他开始训练，所以是假期提前结束了。故选 C 项。
7．推理判断题。根据第三段“The simple part of resting is the physical act of it, but given that I usually train with focus and
tension, learning to check out mentally doesn’t always come naturally after a season, especially when I’m on holiday.(休息最简
单的部分是身体上的休息，但考虑到我通常都是集中精力和紧张地训练，在一个赛季之后，学会在精神上检查并不总是
自然而然的，尤其是在我度假的时候)”可推知，作者在休息时间的真正需要是心灵休息。故选 A 项。
8．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Taking an end-of-season break sounds simple, right You may think a carefree week spent on a
beach is what’s most desired.(赛季结束休息一段时间听起来很简单，对吧 你可能认为在海滩上无忧无虑地度过一周是最理
想的)”以及最后一段“We all fear losing the fitness and the achievements that we worked so hard to gain, but in reality, taking the
appropriate rest and knowing how to take it is a help. Here’s hoping that I’ll get the balance next year. But if I didn’t, at least I
would enjoy myself.(我们都害怕失去我们努力获得的健康和成就，但实际上，适当的休息和知道如何休息是有帮助的。我
希望明年我能拿到余额。但就算我不喜欢，至少我也会玩得很开心)”以及纵观全文可知，本文主要讲述了如何正确休息，
所以 D 项“From Legs to Brain: True Relaxation for Athletes(从腿到脑:运动员真正的放松)”是本文最好的标题。故选 D 项。
3.（2023·江苏·高三无锡市第一中学阶段练习）
“Lei ming m ming baak ngo gong ge waa ah Do you understand what I am saying ” I stare back at the speaker dumbly, my
lips parted, the ideas clear in my mind but a response unable to express itself in a language in my distant range. After an
uncomfortable pause, a bunch of words spill out of my mouth, sounding forced and unnatural.
The anecdote (轶事) above is a semi-conversation I had in Malaysia years ago. A three-week stay in Malaysia once every
few years was often the highlight of my summers—what more can you ask from a food paradise But besides the family, food,
and escape that Malaysia offered, trips also brought accompanying feelings of guilt that I just couldn’t seem to translate. For one
month every few summers, I got a taste of what it feels to be an outsider in my own culture, peering in. I was a girl lost in
translation, passively absorbing the various tongues shouted between the stalls in the wet markets, quietly nodding along at my
grandparents’ huge family dinners.
In America though, I am a different person. I don’t think twice about my grammar when speaking. I don’t struggle with the
words and fear that my logic and stories won’t get through to people. So as a native English speaker, I do not have to worry daily
about whether I’m judged for having an accent or whether I’m misunderstood across languages. In Malaysia, I naturally burst out
“have you eaten ” instead of recalling the Malaysian equivalent “you makan already ” In Malaysia, everything about the way I
speak-my accent, intonation, sentence structure, slang-gives me away. My American-ness is seen in the way I talk, dress, and act.
Maybe my face could pass for a Malaysian local, but once I open my mouth to speak I am so clearly not. It is uncomfortable and
awkward, and sometimes I wonder if I did not look Asian at all would it be better, since there would be no more language
expectation for me than for a white tourist.
9．How did the author feel in the anecdote
A．Confused and scared. B．Embarrassed and nervous.
C．Curious and surprised. D．Upset and puzzled.
10．Why did the author feel guilt according to Paragraph 2
A．Because she had to stay away from her family
B．Because she didn’t enjoy speaking the language
C．Bccause she had to accept what grandparents said
D．Because she found it hard to understand the culture.
11．What can we learn about the author from the last paragraph
A．She was a good language learner. B．She didn’t like being an Asian.
C．She was judged unfairly in Malaysia D．She spoke English unconsciously in Malaysia.
12．From which column of the website does this article probably come from
A．Opinion B．News. C．Education. D．Humor
【答案】9．B 10．D 11．D 12．A
【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述了作为马来西亚人的作者在语言表达上出现了“文化差异”，这带来尴尬
和不理解。
9．推理判断题。根据第一段“I stare back at the speaker dumbly, my lips parted, the ideas clear in my mind but a response unable
to express itself in a language in my distant range. After an uncomfortable pause, a bunch of words spill out of my mouth,
sounding forced and unnatural.(呆呆地盯着说话的人，我嘴唇张开，脑海中的想法清晰，但无法用我不熟悉的语言表达自己
的回答。在一个不舒服的停顿之后，一堆话从我的嘴里溢出，听起来很强迫，很不自然)”以及第二段中“The anecdote (轶
事) above is a semi-conversation I had in Malaysia years ago.(上面的轶事是几年前我在马来西亚的一次半对话)”可知，在这件
事情中，作者不知道如何用恰当的语言去表达自己的想法，被迫说出一些很不自然的话，由此推知，作者会感到尴尬和
紧张。故选 B 项。
10．推理判断题。根据第二段“For one month every few summers, I got a taste of what it feels to be an outsider in my own culture,
peering in. I was a girl lost in translation, passively absorbing the various tongues shouted between the stalls in the wet markets,
quietly nodding along at my grandparents’ huge family dinners.(每隔几个夏天，我就会有一个月的时间，去体验在自己的文化
中做一个局外人的感觉。我是一个迷失在翻译中的女孩，被动地听着菜市场里摊位间各种各样的语言，在祖父母的大型
家庭晚餐上安静地点头)”可知，作者作为马来西亚人，在面对自己文化时总有一种局外人的感觉，被动接受摊位上人们的
话语以及聚餐时默默的回应着家人，由此可推断，作者感到愧疚的原因是发现自己不能理解自己的文化。故选 D 项。
11．细节理解题。根据最后一段“In Malaysia, I naturally burst out “have you eaten ” instead of recalling the Malaysian
equivalent “you makan already ”(在马来西亚，我自然会说出“你吃过饭了吗？”，而不是想起马来西亚的对应句子“you
makan already ”)”可知，作者在马来西亚说英语时，如同在美国一样是“无意识地”说出自己想表达的内容。故选 D 项。
12．推理判断题。通读全文，结合首段中的““Lei ming m ming baak ngo gong ge waa ah Do you understand what I am
saying ” I stare back at the speaker dumbly, my lips parted, the ideas clear in my mind but a response unable to express itself in a
language in my distant range.(“Lei ming m ming baak ngo gong ge waa ah？你明白我在说什么吗？”我呆呆地盯着说话的人，
我的嘴唇张开，想法在我的脑海里清晰，但我的反应无法用一种遥远的语言来表达)”和第二段中的“For one month every few
summers, I got a taste of what it feels to be an outsider in my own culture.(每隔几个夏天，我就会有一个月的时间，体会到在
自己的文化中做一个局外人的感觉)”结合文章主要讲述了作为马来西亚人的作者在语言表达上出现了“文化差异”，这带来
尴尬和不理解。由此可知，本文的主题与对语言文化的观点有关系，所以很可能出自网站的“观点”专栏。故选 A 项。第 08 讲 阅读理解议论文
目录
01 考情透视·目标导航 1
02 知识导图·思维引航 2
03 考点突破·考法探究 3
考点一 题型破解 3
知识点 1 文体特点 3
知识点 2 高分技巧 3
知识点 3 选项规律 4
知识点 4 解法要点 5
考点二 夹叙夹议文 5
考点三 议论文 6
04 真题练习·命题洞现
1.真题实战 8
2.命题演练 11
近三年阅读理解议论文考点细目
年份 卷别 主题语境 话题分类
新高考 I 卷 人与社会 纸质阅读与数字阅读、音频和视频学习方式的差异和效果
2024 北京卷 人与社会 讨论科学问题：宇宙是否是由计算机模拟生成的
浙江卷 1 月 人与自然 加拿大 Alberta 防雹千预计划之争
2023 全国乙卷 人与社会 物品纳入历史叙事以更好地理解无文字社会的重要性
全国甲卷 人与社会 悉尼发展中面临的问题
2022 北京卷 人与社会 量子计算真的会像它的宣传那样成功吗？
天津卷 人与社会 美好生活的秘诀
1. 掌握议论文的结构特点和命题形式。
复习 2. 掌握议论文的双管齐下阅读方式，侧重结构和内容两个方面。
目标 3.熟悉议论文中常考查的观点态度词中的难词。
考点一 题型破解
知识点 1 文体特点
议论文是一种剖析事物、论述事理、发表意见、提出主张的文体。这类文章或从正面提出某种见解，或驳斥别人的
错误观点，以说服读者同意自己的观点为主要目的。
分析近三年高考真题议论文可知，文章涉及的论题具有生活化的特征，与社会生活密切相关。从体裁特点看，议论
文有夹叙夹议文和议论文两种。
文章通常由论点、论据、论证三部分构成，论点是议论文的核心，即中心思想，是论据和论证的服务对象。论据是
作者所引用的用以支持和证明论点的材料，这些材料可以是名人名言、事实例证或统计数据等。论证是作者组织、运用
论据的手法。
结构特点：议论文说理性强，语言庄重，逻辑缜密，重点考查考生的思维能力和判断能力，常用难词、长词和复杂句，
给阅读理解带来一定的难度。
夹叙夹议类文章主要有三种类型: 1.先叙述作者的某一个生活经历或见闻，然后针对这一事件发表自己对生活的
看法，或揭示生活的真理。2. 作者先提出一种观点或看法，然后围绕这一观点或看法用具体的事例加以说明，有时也可
能是用几个事例从不同的侧面来说明。3. 提出一种观点或见解，然后用某一事例来阐述这一观点，最后再进一步地总结
和升华。
无论那种议论文，作者均通过摆事实、讲道理、辨是非的方法，来论证某种观点正确与否，肯定或否定某种主张。
即提出问题(引论)--分析问题(本论)一一解决问题(结论)”。
命题分布：常见的有细节理解题、推理判断题、主旨大意题、词义猜测题、情感态度题等题型。
难度分析：高考英语阅读理解中议论文说理性强，语言庄重，逻辑缜密，常用难词、长词和复杂句，，因此属于难度较
大的文章。命题人经常在长难句处设置命题点，遇到长难句，不可慌乱，耐心拆解出主干部分，再依次定位其修饰语，
如定语、状语等，便可化繁为简，读懂句意。
知识点 2 高分技巧
1. 双管齐下法：从结构和内容两方面同时入手，先通读全文，再区分事实和观点。
2. 关注标志词：句子间的逻辑关系和衔接手段不外乎列举、原因、结果、让步、对照、补充、目的、条件等。
表示列举的词:for example, for instance;表罗列的词:first，second, third， to begin with，to conclude;
表转折: however, but, whereas;
表原因: because, since，as;
表结果:so，therefore, thus, consequently, as a result;
表对照:on the contrary, by contrast, in comparison;
表目的: so that， in order that 等。
标志词就像指路牌一样，指明作者思路发展的方向和思路之间的逻辑联系。标志词前后的信息往往都是命题和答题的主
要线索或依据，因此，识别标志词对考生更快、更好地理解文章具有举足轻重的作用。
3. 把握长难句：议论文中的长难句常是命题点。遇到长难句，不可慌乱，耐心拆解出主干部分，再依次定位其修饰语，
如定语、状语等，便可化繁为简，读懂句意。
一 主旨大意题
1．首段出现疑问句时，对该问题的回答很可能就是文章主旨。
2．段落中出现表示转折的词语(如 however，but，in fact，actually 等)时，该句很可能是主题句。
文章大意题 3．作者不断重复的观点或高频词，通常是主旨；反复出现的词语，一般为体现文章主旨的关键词。
4．表示总结或结论的句子常包含 therefore，thus，in short，conclude，conclusion 等。
段落大意题 每个段落都有一个中心思想 ,且中心思想通常会在段落的首句或尾句体现出来 ,这个句子就是常说的段落主题句。
没有给出明显的主题句时 ,要根据段落内容概括出段落大意
1．概括性——准确而又简短；
2．针对性——标题外延正好与文章内容相符；
标题归纳题 3．醒目性——能引发读者的阅读欲望。
在提炼主旨大意的基础上关注上述好的标题的三大特征进行总结。
二 词义猜测题
1.根据定义或上下文解释进行猜测
2.根据同位关系进行猜测
3.根据构词法(前缀、后缀、派生等)进行猜测
4.根据因果关系进行猜测
5.根据上下文的指代关系进行猜测
6.根据同义或近义关系进行猜测
7.根据转折或对比关系进行猜测
三 推理判断题
议论文中的推理判断题务必以事实为依据，但其结构绝不是事实本身。主要考查考生的逻辑思维能力，侧重于推
理，但务必忠实于原文，且不可过度推断。
知识点 3 选项规律
干扰项特征 释义
将文章中出现的文中无关紧要或片面推出的结论，如某一处细节当作合理推
片面理解
断，实则是原文信息的简单重复，并不是推断出来的结论。
干扰项用了与文章中某一句话相似的句型结构和单词 ,却在考生易忽视的
偷梁换柱
地方换了几个单词 ,造成句意的改变
正误参半 选项内容 部分正确，部分错误。
解题时将自己的观点或社会的一种普遍性倾向而文中并无关系的观点当成作
无中生有 者的观点。干扰项往往是基本的生活常识或普遍认可的观点 ,但在文章中并
无相关的信息支撑点。
主观臆断 根据现实生活常识推断。虽然符合考生的常识，但文中并没有支撑的依据。
构词法干扰（词义猜词题） 指片面地从构词法的角度猜测、思考，不考虑上下文语境，望词生义；
拘泥于字面意思（词义猜词题） 根据所学过的熟词意义常使考生觉得画线词义背过而忽略上下文主观臆断。
过度推断 对文章信息强加自己的理解，脱离文章过度推断或主观臆断。
知识点 4 解法要点
类型一 演绎论证议论文
是从已知的一般原理，规律出发，推知个别事物本质的论证方法。该类文体一般先提出一个总论点，然后分别进行
论述，分析各个分论点，最后得出结论。
类型二 归纳论证议论文
是一种由个别到一般的论证方法。它通过许多个别的事例或分论点，然后归纳出它们所共有的特性，从而得出一个一般性
的结论。
类型三 比较论证议论文
是一种由个别到个别的论证方法。通常分为类比法和对比法两类。类比法是将性质或特点在某一方面相同或相近的
不同事物加以比较而引出结论的方法。对比法是通过性质或特点在某一方面相反或对立的不同事物的比较来证明论点的
方法。
考点二 夹叙夹议文
典例 1.（2024·江苏泰州·模拟预测）How long will it take you to read this article On average, adults read about 240 words a
minute, but I always take longer. I should probably feel embarrassed-but instead, I take joy in it.
I got the habit of reading for pleasure from my mum. Reading is what I do first thing in the morning and last thing at night.
But it’s always taken me a long time. When I started reviewing books, I was averaging 20 pages an hour. I have improved to about
30 pages, but that’s still slow, according to some literary critics.
Book reviewers aren’t the only ones under pressure to read quickly. Pictures of “all the books I read this month” are all over
social media. And reading has become a way of keeping up with the world. It is understandable that we try to make sense of
events, but it can also fuel the idea that reading is a chore (苦差事), which it absolutely is not.
Why would pleasure be equal to pace My slow reading seems to be down to a combination of slower processing speeds,
and “subvocalising” — sounding out words as I read them. But especially when it comes to the latter, I wouldn’t want to train
myself to go faster. It was news to me that not everyone subvocalises, because one of my favourite things about reading is hearing
the language in my mind. Without subvocalising, I wouldn’t have caught the music of those words.
Recently, I finished a book of poetry. For two years, I read the poems each morning in the four minutes it took my coffee to
be ready. It was a wonderful reminder that reading is never about quantity and always about the quality of time you spend with a
text.
So when you read, don’t stick a number on it ---- resolve to read for pleasure, not as a chore.
1．Why does the author like slow reading
A．It wins her fame online. B．It is a delightful practice.
C．It comes from her mom. D．It helps her reach goals.
2．What do fast readers focus on
A．Quantity. B．Quality. C．Content. D．Sound.
3．What do the underlined words “the latter” in paragraph 4 refer to
A．Slower processing speeds.
B．Learning language.
C．Combining speeds and sounds.
D．Reading words out.
4．What would the author agree with
A．Reading is a demanding task.
B．Pace equals reading pleasure.
C．Beauty of words needs tasting.
D．Poetry takes no effort to digest.
考点三 议论文
典例 1（. 23-24 高三·江苏泰州·期中）For most of human history, we have been very good observers because we had to be.
We used all of our senses—touch, smell, taste, hearing, and sight—to detect and discern. The sudden sounds of animals or the
running of birds warned us that someone was approaching. At a distance, by examining posture, way of walking, arms wing,
clothing, and equipment, our ancestors could discern friend from foe (敌人).
As generations evolved and eventually moved to cities, closeness changed how we viewed and assessed each other.
Because everyone was so close, we had less time to observe. Close quarters and circumstances demanded we interact on first
meeting rather than later. This was the opposite of what we had done for thousands of years, which was to assess first at a distance
and then interact. Closeness also made us more sensitive to being observed, which is why we are uncomfortable when others stare
at us.
Have we allowed ourselves to become careless when it comes to our own safety and that of our loved ones I see people
distracted while driving (applying makeup or texting). Or someone knocks at the front door and we open it without first seeing
who is there and asking what they want Perhaps, in an attempt to be polite, we have ended our responsibility to ourselves, and
each other, to be good observers.
We should all look around and listen to our inner voice, which is in fact the limbic (边缘的) brain telling us to be careful
that something is wrong, as security special it Gavin de Becker pointed out in The Gift of Fear, So often, after an encounter or a
relationship turns problematic, one hears, “You know I had a feeling, in the beginning, that something wasn’t right.”
However failure to observe, if we are honest, leads to avoidable circumstances as well as accidents, How we feel about
something often completes the picture so that we can fully understand it Anyway, it is never too late to start observing.
Observation is not about being judgmental, it is not about good or bad. It is about seeing the world around you, having situational
awareness, and interpreting what it is that others are communication both verbally and nonverbally. To observe is to see but also
to understand, and that requires listening to how you feel.
1．What does the underlined word “discern” in paragraph 1 mean
A．Disclose. B．Discover. C．Distinguish. D．Disguise.
2．Why did we spend less time observing
A．Observing involves too much and is complicated.
B．We felt uneasy when others were staring at us.
C．We got more sensitive to others’ observation.
D．Closeness required people to communicate on first meeting.
3．Possibly for what have we given up being good observers
A．Being careless. B．Avoiding rudeness.
C．Paying no attention. D．Being irresponsible.
4．What is the best title
A．Be good observers B．Discern friend from foe
C．Care about our safety D．Start observing now
典例 2.（23-24 高三·江西赣州·期中） The 3D Dinosaur
John Simpson
Call me the youngest dinosaur in the world. Not the kind who attacks you in a 3D movie. The other kind: a dinosaur of
old-fashioned opinion. How old-fashioned Let’s just say I consider 3D physically dangerous, economically greedy, artistically
self-defeating and imaginatively silly.
That kind of dinosaur.
When you watch a 3D film, your brain receives two slightly different 2D images and is forced to make sense of them by
combining them into one. The immediate result of this combination is an enhanced sense of apparent depth (the “third”
dimension). The not-so-immediate result is, for at least 15 percent of us, eye strain, headaches and a dangerous dis-orientation (定
向障碍). These risks are greatest for children and teenagers. It is even possible that children will develop permanent problems
with depth perception (感知) if they are over-exposed to 3D．
Why do film-makers bring about these risks on us So they can charge us extra at the ticket office. Who wins out of this
Not us. So who does The film-makers themselves
They might think they do, but they should think again. If 3D becomes the new standard, we will see a shift in the kind of
films that are made. Setting and action take over. Character, relationships and plot become weaker. No film that lacks the promise
of a 3D thrill will even find the financial backing to be made. So stand back, all you serious film-makers, and make room for kids’
movies and animation.
But the most annoying thing about 3D is that it is not necessary. There is already depth in 2D media. The imagination finds
it there. If we depend on special glasses to find it, we have already begun to replace the wonders of imagination with the tricks of
technology.
I heard a child leaving a cinema recently announce, “I wish life was 3D!”That should be sad, not just to us dinosaurs, but to
everyone.
5．What kind of dinosaur does John Simpson claim to be
A．The kind that is youthful and creative. B．The kind that is found in many forms.
C．The kind that disapproves of new ideas. D．The kind that appears in many popular films.
6．Why are the incomplete sentences used in the first two paragraphs
A．They make people feel the language of a debate.
B．They cast doubt on John Simpson’s credibility.
C．They suggest John Simpson is a hesitant character.
D．They show that the subject of the text is not serious.
7．Which aspect of 3D films does the text emphasize most strongly
A．The cost of production. B．The number of films made.
C．The effect on audiences. D．The special skills of film-makers.
8．What does the author claim to find most disturbing about 3D films
A．They make people feel unwell. B．Their ticket prices are too high.
C．They lead to a loss of imagination. D．They reduce the range of films available.
一、 真题实战
1.（2024 新课标 I 卷）
Is comprehension the same whether a person reads a text onscreen or on paper And are listening to and viewing content as
effective as reading the written word when covering the same material The answers to both questions are often “no.” The reasons
relate to a variety of factors, including reduced concentration, an entertainment mindset (心态) and a tendency to multitask while
consuming digital content.
When reading texts of several hundred words or more, learning is generally more successful when it’s on paper than
onscreen. A large amount of research confirms this finding. The benefits of print reading particularly shine through when
experimenters move from posing simple tasks – like identifying the main idea in a reading passage – to ones that require mental
abstraction – such as drawing inferences from a text.
The differences between print and digital reading results are partly related to paper’s physical properties. With paper, there is
a literal laying on of hands, along with the visual geography of distinct pages. People often link their memory of what they’ve read
to how far into the book it was or where it was on the page.
But equally important is the mental aspect. Reading researchers have proposed a theory called “shallowing hypothesis (假
说).” According to this theory, people approach digital texts with a mindset suited to social media, which are often not so serious,
and devote less mental effort than when they are reading print.
Audio (音频) and video can feel more engaging than text, and so university teachers increasingly turn to these technologies –
say, assigning an online talk instead of an article by the same person. However, psychologists have demonstrated that when adults
read news stories, they remember more of the content than if they listen to or view identical pieces.
Digital texts, audio and video all have educational roles, especially when providing resources not available in print. However,
for maximizing learning where mental focus and reflection are called for, educators shouldn’t assume all media are the same, even
when they contain identical words.
28. What does the underlined phrase “shine through” in paragraph 2 mean
A. Seem unlikely to last. B. Seem hard to explain.
C. Become ready to use. D. Become easy to notice.
29. What does the shallowing hypothesis assume
A. Readers treat digital texts lightly.
B. Digital texts are simpler to understand.
C. People select digital texts randomly.
D. Digital texts are suitable for social media.
30. Why are audio and video increasingly used by university teachers
A. They can hold students’ attention.
B. They are more convenient to prepare.
C. They help develop advanced skills.
D. They are more informative than text.
31. What does the author imply in the last paragraph
A. Students should apply multiple learning techniques.
B. Teachers should produce their own teaching material.
C. Print texts cannot be entirely replaced in education.
D. Education outside the classroom cannot be ignored.
2.（2021 全国甲卷）
Who is a genius This question has greatly interested humankind for centuries.
Let's state clearly: Einstein was a genius. His face is almost the international symbol for genius. But we want to go beyond
one man and explore the nature of genius itself. Why is it that some people are so much more intelligent or creative than the rest
of us And who are they
In the sciences and arts, those praised as geniuses were most often white men, of European origin. Perhaps this is not a
surprise. It's said that history is written by the victors, and those victors set the standards for admission to the genius club. When
contributions were made by geniuses outside the club—women, or people of a different color or belief—they were
unacknowledged and rejected by others.
A study recently published by Science found that as young as age six, girls are less likely than boys to say that members of
their gender (性别) are “really, really smart.” Even worse, the study found that girls act on that belief: Around age six they start to
avoid activities said to be for children who are “really, really smart.” Can our planet afford to have any great thinkers become
discouraged and give up It doesn't take a genius to know the answer: absolutely not.
Here's the good news. In a wired world with constant global communication, we're all positioned to see flashes of genius
wherever they appear. And the more we look, the more we will see that social factors(因素)like gender, race, and class do not
determine the appearance of genius. As a writer says, future geniuses come from those with “intelligence, creativity, perseverance
(毅力), and simple good fortune, who are able to change the world.”
12. What does the author think of victors' standards for joining the genius club
A. They're unfair.
B. They're conservative.
C. They're objective.
D. They're strict.
13. What can we infer about girls from the study in Science
A. They think themselves smart.
B. They look up to great thinkers.
C. They see gender differences earlier than boys.
D. They are likely to be influenced by social beliefs
14. Why are more geniuses known to the public
A. Improved global communication.
B. Less discrimination against women.
C. Acceptance of victors' concepts.
D. Changes in people's social positions.
15. What is the best title for the text
A. Geniuses Think Alike
B. Genius Takes Many Forms
C. Genius and Intelligence
D. Genius and Luck
3.（2021 新课标 I 卷）
Popularization has in some cases changed the original meaning of emotional (情感的 ) intelligence. Many people now
misunderstand emotional intelligence as almost everything desirable in a person’s makeup that cannot be measured by an IQ test,
such as character, motivation, confidence, mental stability, optimism and “people skills.” Research has shown that emotional skills
may contribute to some of these qualities, but most of them move far beyond skill-based emotional intelligence.
We prefer to describe emotional intelligence as a specific set of skills that can be used for either good or bad purposes. The
ability to accurately understand how others are feeling may be used by a doctor to find how best to help her patients, while a
cheater might use it to control potential victims. Being emotionally intelligent does not necessarily make one a moral person.
Although popular beliefs regarding emotional intelligence run far ahead of what research can reasonably support, the overall
effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful. The most positive aspect of this popularization is a new and much
needed emphasis ( 重 视 ) on emotion by employers, educators and others interested in promoting social well-being. The
popularization of emotional intelligence has helped both the public and researchers re-evaluate the functionality of emotions and
how they serve people adaptively in everyday life.
Although the continuing popular appeal of emotional intelligence is desirable, we hope that such attention will excite a
greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study of emotion. It is our hope that in coming decades, advances in science will
offer new perspectives (视角) from which to study how people manage their lives. Emotional intelligence, with its focus on both
head and heart, may serve to point us in the right direction.
32. What is a common misunderstanding of emotional intelligence
A. It can be measured by an IQ test.
B. It helps to exercise a person's mind.
C. It includes a set of emotional skills.
D. It refers to a person’s positive qualities.
33. Why does the author mention “doctor” and “cheater” in paragraph 2
A. To explain a rule.
B. To clarify a concept.
C. To present a fact.
D. To make a prediction.
34. What is the author's attitude to the popularization of emotional intelligence
A. Favorable. B. Intolerant. C. Doubtful. D. Unclear.
35. What does the last paragraph mainly talk about concerning emotional intelligence
A. Its appeal to the public.
B. Expectations for future studies.
C. Its practical application.
D. Scientists with new perspectives.
二、 命题演练
1.（2024·辽宁·模拟预测）“Quick, quick, slow, slow,” my husband said as I was trying to focus. We frequently stepped on
each other’s feet. Both of us were being rhythmically challenged, and we figured a series of lessons might help us look somewhat
elegant on the floor. However, it didn’t.
It didn’t matter that the lessons didn’t pay off. Our learning something new together gave us a string of good memories,
such as taking a Thai cooking class on a cold Chicago night and learning how to make classic cocktails (鸡尾酒) in a common bar.
These experiences are my best memories from the past 10 years. We always have such a great time when we’re trying something
new together. It seems to have strengthened our relationship, and makes me feel like we have a closer connection.
It turns out that my theory is backed by research. One study shows that learning new things with your spouse (配偶 ),
friends, or partners, can strengthen your connection or friendship. But how exactly does this work The key is vulnerability (弱点).
“Learning new things together strengthens bonds because it is at those moments that we can show our vulnerability to one
another,” says Dr. Hisla Bates. When we are learning a new task, misfortunes and failures are bound to happen. In those moments
when we fail, the other party can be there in favor of us. We can work together to find a solution, and working together helps
deepen the connection.
The benefits gained from learning new things with your partner can come from activities as small as hiking, trying a new
recipe, going boating in the local lake or taking a fitness class together. You don’t have to go bungee jumping or skydiving to
grow closer. Try selecting activities that both partners are unfamiliar with, as this will ensure you’re on the same page.
Trying to learn something new together once a month will benefit you and your spouse or friends. Overall, some of my best
memories with my husband are the moments when we are learning something new together.
1．What were the author and her husband doing in Paragraph 1
A．Playing sports. B．Practising dancing.
C．Teaching lessons. D．Taking a walk.
2．What can we learn from the author’s experiences
A．Practice makes perfect.
B．Good memories last a long time.
C．Processes matter more than results.
D．Well begun is half done.
3．Why does learning new things together strengthen partners’ relationship
A．It can encourage them to teach and praise each other.
B．It helps improve the understanding of each other.
C．It can reduce each other’s loneliness and boredom.
D．It helps find each other’s weaknesses and offer support.
4．What’s the best title for the text
A．The power of learning new things together
B．The advantages of taking different lessons
C．The challenge of acquiring new knowledge
D．The importance of improving people’s bonds
2.（2024·山西太原·高三统考期末）
Taking an end-of-season break sounds simple, right You may think a carefree week spent on a beach is what’s most desired.
But actually most athletes would spend hours trying to convince their coaches that they really don't need to rest at all,
subsequently filling up all of their given time with as many replacement activities as possible.
This year I was given a week’s holiday by my coach to enjoy absolute relaxation. For the first three days I remained happily
wrapped up in the satisfaction of my last race result, embracing pajama days, taking all morning just to have breakfast and using
my spare time to socialize more than I usually do. I was enjoying it, and yet···All this resting made me feel restless. Then came
Thursday. I laced up my shoes and headed back to the track.
The simple part of resting is the physical act of it, but given that I usually train with focus and tension, learning to check out
mentally doesn’t always come naturally after a season, especially when I’m on holiday. After a season with good results, some
well-meaning people excitedly ask “What's next ” It can wander in my mind and raise doubt over what I should be doing
according to other people’s opinions.
In this case I talked to some experienced athletes and raised my concern, one of whom suggested establishing a general
outline of the next season’s goals prior to holidays. I find it helpful, not only preventing me from feeling rushed to get back into
workouts too soon and giving a sense of purpose to the rest itself, but also ensuring that I will not spend my break making plans
but allow my mind to rest too.
We all fear losing the fitness and the achievements that we worked so hard to gain, but in reality, taking the appropriate rest
and knowing how to take it is a help. Here’s hoping that I’ll get the balance next year. But if I didn’t, at least I would enjoy
myself.
5．What do most athletes do during a holiday after a season
A．Negotiate with coaches. B．Do alternative workouts.
C．Enjoy absolute relaxation. D．Travel to a seaside destination.
6．What can we infer about the author’s holiday from paragraph 2
A．It was carefully arranged. B．It followed the coach’s plan.
C．It was ended ahead of schedule. D．It was interrupted by unexpected tasks.
7．What is the author’s real need during the break time
A．Mind rest. B．Physical recovery.
C．Time management. D．Professional guidance.
8．What can be a suitable title for the text
A．Secrets to Winning on Tracks
B．Plans for Next Season’s Training
C．End-of-season Break: A New Beginning
D．From Legs to Brain: True Relaxation for Athletes
3.（2023·江苏·高三无锡市第一中学阶段练习）
“Lei ming m ming baak ngo gong ge waa ah Do you understand what I am saying ” I stare back at the speaker dumbly, my
lips parted, the ideas clear in my mind but a response unable to express itself in a language in my distant range. After an
uncomfortable pause, a bunch of words spill out of my mouth, sounding forced and unnatural.
The anecdote (轶事) above is a semi-conversation I had in Malaysia years ago. A three-week stay in Malaysia once every
few years was often the highlight of my summers—what more can you ask from a food paradise But besides the family, food,
and escape that Malaysia offered, trips also brought accompanying feelings of guilt that I just couldn’t seem to translate. For one
month every few summers, I got a taste of what it feels to be an outsider in my own culture, peering in. I was a girl lost in
translation, passively absorbing the various tongues shouted between the stalls in the wet markets, quietly nodding along at my
grandparents’ huge family dinners.
In America though, I am a different person. I don’t think twice about my grammar when speaking. I don’t struggle with the
words and fear that my logic and stories won’t get through to people. So as a native English speaker, I do not have to worry daily
about whether I’m judged for having an accent or whether I’m misunderstood across languages. In Malaysia, I naturally burst out
“have you eaten ” instead of recalling the Malaysian equivalent “you makan already ” In Malaysia, everything about the way I
speak-my accent, intonation, sentence structure, slang-gives me away. My American-ness is seen in the way I talk, dress, and act.
Maybe my face could pass for a Malaysian local, but once I open my mouth to speak I am so clearly not. It is uncomfortable and
awkward, and sometimes I wonder if I did not look Asian at all would it be better, since there would be no more language
expectation for me than for a white tourist.
9．How did the author feel in the anecdote
A．Confused and scared. B．Embarrassed and nervous.
C．Curious and surprised. D．Upset and puzzled.
10．Why did the author feel guilt according to Paragraph 2
A．Because she had to stay away from her family
B．Because she didn’t enjoy speaking the language
C．Bccause she had to accept what grandparents said
D．Because she found it hard to understand the culture.
11．What can we learn about the author from the last paragraph
A．She was a good language learner. B．She didn’t like being an Asian.
C．She was judged unfairly in Malaysia D．She spoke English unconsciously in Malaysia.
12．From which column of the website does this article probably come from
A．Opinion B．News. C．Education. D．Humor

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